WO2001063305A1 - Procede de mesure des caracteristiques electriques d'un cable de telecommunication - Google Patents
Procede de mesure des caracteristiques electriques d'un cable de telecommunication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001063305A1 WO2001063305A1 PCT/FR2001/000348 FR0100348W WO0163305A1 WO 2001063305 A1 WO2001063305 A1 WO 2001063305A1 FR 0100348 W FR0100348 W FR 0100348W WO 0163305 A1 WO0163305 A1 WO 0163305A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- screen
- insulation resistance
- resistance
- potential
- bundle
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring the electrical characteristics of a telecommunication cable comprising a bundle of electrical wires presumed to be isolated from each other by a suitable covering, arranged in an insulating sheath comprising a conductive screen.
- the current telecommunications networks are produced by means of cables 1 of large section of the type represented in FIG. 1A, comprising several hundreds or thousands of electrical wires 2 isolated from each other by an appropriate covering and arranged in pairs. to form telephone pairs.
- the assembly is protected against electrical disturbances by a metal sheath, or screen 3, and is trapped in a protective sheath 4 made of an electrically insulating material such as polyethylene, PVC, etc.
- Such telecommunication cables are subjected to various attacks, the most frequent of which are caused by lightning, rodents, road works, the friction of tree branches ... various attacks can lead to a tear 5 of the sheath 4 and to penetration of water into the cable. From an electrical point of view, such degradation results in a defect in the insulation of the screen 3 from the earth, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1B by a resistance R e , and by the appearance of a voltage.
- U e or "electrochemical couple", generated in particular by the combination of water and the metal of the screen 3.
- the electrochemical couple U e represented in FIG. 1B by a voltage generator Ge, does not exceed in practice 1 to 1.5 Volts.
- IMD Remote Measurement Interfaces
- Such devices described in patent EP 408 480 and in application PCT / FR99 / 02288, are arranged at the ground connection points of the conductive screens and are connected by telephone pairs to local maintenance equipment, itself linked to a regional maintenance center. IMD devices allow screens to be disconnected from earth and various measures to detect an insulation fault to be carried out.
- the IMD devices also make it possible to check the electrical continuity of the screens by the "ground loop" method, and to locate an insulation fault by means of a process described in application PCT / FR99 / 02288.
- the applicant proposes to install IMD devices in existing cable networks, as a means of characterizing cables before they are allocated to the transport of digital data.
- the IMD devices can be used in a more conventional manner as a means of cable quality control and maintenance.
- the parameters or characteristics that can be measured by means of IMD devices to qualify telecommunication cables are thus: - the resistance R so of the insulation of the screens relative to the earth, - the screen potential P e , and the electrical continuity of the screens, which guarantees the flow of electrical charges induced by electromagnetic disturbances or increases in electrical potential in the ground.
- the present invention aims to overcome this drawback.
- the present invention relates to a method and a means making it possible to evaluate the state of the covering of the wires present in a telecommunication cable, from external measurements relating to the electrical characteristics of the screen of the cable considered.
- the present invention is first of all based on the fact that the wires of a telecommunication cable convey, for ensuring telephone service, a non-negligible operating voltage, generally 48 V, delivered by equipment. referenced to the earth.
- the present invention is then based on the postulate according to which a bundle of electric wires considered as a whole has a determined insulation resistance with respect to the screen which surrounds it, and that the degradation of the wrapping at least at least one wire carrying the operating voltage must necessarily cause an abnormal rise in the screen potential P e .
- a parameter called "overall insulation resistance" of the bundle of wires is thus defined relative to the screen, and the electrical characteristics of a telecommunication cable are modeled so as to take such an overall resistance into account. isolation.
- the present invention provides a method for measuring the electrical characteristics of a telecommunication cable, the cable comprising a bundle of electrical wires carrying a service voltage delivered by equipment referenced to the ground, the electrical wires being presumed isolated from each other.
- the bundle of wires being arranged in an insulating sheath comprising a conductive screen, method comprising a step of measuring the insulation resistance of the screen relative to the ground, a step of measuring the electrical potential of the screen relative to the earth, and a step of determining an overall insulation resistance of the bundle of electric wires relative to the conductive screen, from the result of the measurements of the insulation resistance and of the electric potential of the screen.
- the constant "k" is considered to be equal to the potential of the screen and the external insulation resistance considered to be equal to the resistance d screen isolation.
- the insulation resistance of the screen and the potential of the screen are measured by means of measuring devices arranged at points of origin and end of the cable, controlled remotely by the telephone wire intermediary.
- the overall insulation resistance is determined by local or regional maintenance equipment comprising means for communicating by telephone with the measurement devices.
- the present invention also relates to a method of characterization and / or maintenance of a telecommunication cable comprising a bundle of electric wires carrying a service voltage delivered by an equipment referenced to the ground, the electric wires being presumed isolated from each other by an appropriate covering, the bundle of wires being arranged in an insulating sheath comprising a conductive screen, method comprising a step of measuring the electrical characteristics of the cable carried out in accordance with the method described above, making it possible to determine an overall insulation resistance of the bundle of electric wires relative to the conductive screen
- the method comprises a step of repairing or replacing a cable when the overall insulation resistance of the wire harness is less than a determined value.
- the present invention also relates to a system for characterizing and / or maintaining a network of telecommunication cables, comprising measurement devices connected at the origin and end points of telecommunication cables, maintenance equipment comprising means for communicating with the measuring devices, and means for measuring the electrical characteristics of a telecommunication cable of the network or of a portion of the network constituted by cables connected together, the cable or the portion of the network comprising a bundle of electric wires carrying a service voltage delivered by equipment referenced to the earth, the electric wires being presumed isolated from each other by an appropriate covering, the bundle of wires being arranged in an insulating sheath comprising a conductive screen, system in which 1 maintenance equipment is arranged to measure the resistance of i screen isolation relative to the earth, measure the electrical potential of the screen relative to the earth, and determine an overall insulation resistance of the bundle of electric wires relative to the conductive screen, from the result of the measurements of the insulation resistance and the electrical potential of the screen.
- FIG. 1A and 1B previously described represent a telecommunication cable having a leakage
- FIG. 2 illustrates the implementation of the method of the invention on a telecommunication cable
- FIG. 3 is an electrical diagram according to the invention of the cable of FIG. 2
- FIG. 4 is the equivalent electrical diagram of the diagram of FIG. 3
- - Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the classification of measurement and calculation results carried out in accordance with the method according to the invention
- - Figure 6 schematically represents a network of telecommunication cables comprising a characterization and / or maintenance system according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the methods of implementing the method according to the invention and schematically represents a telecommunication cable 10 comprising a bundle 11 of electrical wires.
- the bundle 11 which comprises for example N wires forming N / 2 telephone pairs, is surrounded by a conductive screen 12 forming a shield and by an insulating sheath (not shown).
- the points of origin PI and of end P2 of the screen 12 are connected to the ground (GND) by means of two switches, respectively II, 12. These switches are present here 1 inside two IMDl devices , IMD2 of the type marketed by the applicant, controlled remotely via a telephone pair.
- the switches II and 12 are open and the screen 12 is disconnected from the ground.
- One of the IMD devices for example the IMDl device, measures the insulation resistance R so and the electrical potential P e of the screen relative to the earth.
- This first step of the process of the invention is in itself similar to that of the maintenance process developed in recent years by the applicant.
- the measurement of an insulation resistance R i so ⁇ e low value made it possible to conclude that the presence of water or humidity penetration due to a sheath tear or a leak in a junction box.
- the existence of a non-zero screen potential P e of the order of 1 to 1.5 Volts was interpreted as representative of the existence of an electrochemical couple U e due to oxidation phenomena generated by penetration of water or moisture.
- the present invention does not call into question these interpretations of measurements but on the contrary provides, as shown in FIG. 3, a model of the electrical characteristics of the cable which is more complete than the previous one (FIG. 1B).
- This model takes into account the existence of an "overall resistance" R ⁇ of insulation of the wire bundle 11 relative to the screen 12, and of the fact that the wire bundle 11 carries a service voltage U, generally of on the order of 48 V.
- This voltage U is delivered by a voltage generator 15 referenced to earth, having a series resistance ri considered here as negligible.
- the generator 15 is in practice a PABX present in a telecommunication center, which polarizes a wire of each telephone pair with the voltage U.
- FIG. 3 represents the equivalent diagram 16 of the model of FIG. 3.
- Diagram 16 is a conduction loop passing through the earth comprising in series the following elements: - the generator 15, delivering the voltage U,
- the resistance R lso consists of the resistors R 1 and R e in parallel, that is:
- R x R lso R (P e -U e ) / [(R 1 (P e -U e ) - (UR lso ) + (P e R xso )]
- R e R ⁇ so [(UU e ) / (P e -U e )] [(P e -U e ) / (U - P e )]
- the simplification of relation (11) gives the expression of R e as a function of the parameters U, U e , P e and R lso :
- R e R iso (UU e ) / (UP e )
- relations (10) and (12) make it possible to calculate the insulation resistances R x and R e as a function of the parameters U, U e , P e and R xso .
- the voltage U is known and the screen potential P e and the resistance R xso were measured by means of the devices IMDl, IMD2 in the first step of the method of the invention.
- the electrochemical couple U e is however not known.
- the screen potential P e is low and does not exceed 1 to 1.5 V. It is deduced therefrom that the screen potential P e is equal to the electrochemical couple U e and that the cable 10 a undergone an external degradation of the sheath not yet affecting the covering of the electric wires of the wire bundle 11.
- the relations (10) and (12) are simplified and give the following results:
- the screen potential P e is greater than approximately 1.5 V and is therefore not exclusively linked to the existence of an electrochemical couple U e . it means that the wrapping of the wires is attacked by penetration of water or humidity, that the wires are no longer properly insulated from the screen and that part of the operating voltage U is found on the screen.
- the electrochemical couple U e is negligible compared to the voltage U
- the relation (12) is simplified and gives the value of the external insulation resistance R e according to the known parameters U, P e and R j _ so :
- FIG. 5 represents a characterization diagram comprising on the abscissa a scale of values of overall insulation resistance R x and on the ordinate a scale of values of external insulation resistance R e .
- the electrical continuity is checked in all the cases mentioned in table 1 by means of the conventional method of the earth loop.
- the device IMD1 maintains the point of origin PI of the screen 12 connected to the ground while the device IMD2 disconnects the end point P2.
- the IMD2 device measures the resistance of the loop formed by the resistance of the screen 12, the earth resistance of the IMDl device and its own earth resistance. If the loop resistance is very high, this means that the screen 12 has a continuity fault or that the earth resistance of one of the devices IMD1, IMD2 is defective.
- relations (14) and (13) are special cases of relations (15) and (16) when the constant k is chosen equal to 0.
- the method according to the invention offers the advantage of allowing a complete characterization of a telecommunication cable thanks to the determination of the overall insulation resistance R x .
- this method makes it possible to calculate with greater precision the external insulation resistance R e , which was confused in the prior art with the measured insulation resistance R ⁇ so .
- FIG. 6 represents an example of a characterization and / or maintenance system 40 according to the invention, which is integrated into a telecommunications cable network 20 (partially shown).
- the network 20 comprises for example a primary cable 21 comprising 2000 telephone pairs, connected at its point of origin to a terminal of a PABX.
- the primary cable 21 is divided into two other primary cables 23, 24 comprising 1000 telephone pairs each , by means of a splice box 25 ensuring the electrical continuity of the screens.
- Each cable 23, 24 is connected at its end to a sub-distribution cabinet, respectively 26, 27, from which secondary cables leave.
- the cable 24 divides after the cabinet 27 into four secondary cables 28 to 31 comprising 250 telephone pairs each.
- the secondary cables 28 to 31 are themselves divided into cables of smaller section comprising a plurality of subdivisions leading to strips where the subscribers are connected, shown diagrammatically by crosses.
- the characterization and / or maintenance system 40 comprises IMD devices referenced 41 to 47, local maintenance equipment UC (Central Unit) taking the form of an electronic drawer 48 arranged in the automatic switch 22, and maintenance equipment regional 49.
- the regional equipment 49 communicates with the local equipment 48 via a data transmission link 50 located upstream of the automatic branch exchange 22.
- the IMD devices ensure the connection to earth of the screens to which they are connected.
- the IMD device 41 is arranged at the point of origin of the cable 21.
- the IMD devices 42, 43 are arranged at the end points of the cables 23, 24, at the level of the cabinets 26, 27.
- the IMD devices 44 to 47 are arranged at the points of origin of the secondary cables 28 to 31, the ends of which, leading to the subscriber strips, are not connected to earth.
- Each IMD device 41 to 47 is controlled by the local equipment 48 by means of the same telephone pair (a telephone pair currently making it possible to control up to 16 IMD devices).
- the characterization and / or maintenance system 40 which has just been described is, in its structure, similar to those already implemented by the applicant in the prior art. It differs from the prior art in that the screen potential P e and insulation resistance R xso measurements are used in accordance with the method of the invention to calculate the overall insulation resistance R x of l cable core and calculate the external insulation resistance R e of the screens. Calculation of resistances R x and R e from the measured parameters P e and Ri so (the operating voltage U delivered by the automatic exchange 22 being known) is ensured by the local equipment 48, which communicates the results to the regional equipment 49. This calculation can also be ensured by the equipment regional 49, the local equipment 48 confining itself in this case to communicating to the equipment 49 the parameters P e , Ri so measured by means of the IMD devices.
- the measurements of the parameters P e , Ri so and the calculation of the resistances R it R e relate here to entire portions of the network.
- a measurement made by disconnecting the IMD devices 41, 42, 43 from the ground makes it possible to determine the resistances R ⁇ , R e in the primary network comprising the cables 21, 23, 24 and the splice box 25.
- a measurement carried out by disconnecting one of the IMD devices 44 to 47 from the earth makes it possible to determine the resistances R i; R e in the secondary network section comprising one of the cables 28 to 31 and the ramifications leading to the subscribers.
- an insulation fault detected in the network can be precisely located by means of the location method described in application PCT / FR99 / 02288.
- the calculation of the resistances R, R e makes it possible to know whether the network segment tested can be used, at least temporarily, for the distribution of high speed digital signals.
- the method according to the invention is capable of various applications and embodiments.
- the parameters P e , i so allowing the determination of the resistances R i R e can be measured by any type of apparatus, manual or automatic, other than IMD devices.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01907714A EP1257834A1 (fr) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-02-07 | Procede de mesure des caracteristiques electriques d'un cable de telecommunication |
CA002400218A CA2400218A1 (fr) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-02-07 | Procede de mesure des caracteristiques electriques d'un cable de telecommunication |
AU2001235615A AU2001235615A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-02-07 | Method for measuring electrical characteristics of a telecommunication cable |
US10/226,385 US20030042913A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2002-08-23 | Method for measuring the electrical characteristics of a telecommunication cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0002222A FR2805349B1 (fr) | 2000-02-23 | 2000-02-23 | Procede de mesure des caracteristiques electriques d'un cable de telecommunication |
FR00/02222 | 2000-02-23 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/226,385 Continuation US20030042913A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2002-08-23 | Method for measuring the electrical characteristics of a telecommunication cable |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001063305A1 true WO2001063305A1 (fr) | 2001-08-30 |
Family
ID=8847280
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/000348 WO2001063305A1 (fr) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-02-07 | Procede de mesure des caracteristiques electriques d'un cable de telecommunication |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030042913A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1257834A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001235615A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2400218A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2805349B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001063305A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008502881A (ja) | 2004-05-13 | 2008-01-31 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | シールド接続操作方法、および通信ネットワーク |
KR100961841B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-31 | 2010-06-08 | 한국전력공사 | 활선 현수애자련 정밀 점검용 로봇기구 |
FR3067514B1 (fr) * | 2017-06-08 | 2019-06-21 | Airbus Operations | Liaison electrique comprenant un dispositif de protection electrique - test d'integrite |
DE102018130830B3 (de) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-01-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Prüfvorrichtung zum Erfassen eines Isolationswiderstands einer Hochvoltleitung sowie zugehöriges Prüfverfahren |
EP3990934A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-28 | 2022-05-04 | Elpro GmbH | Dispositif et procédé de contrôle de câbles électriques cc blindés |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3915880A1 (de) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-11-22 | Quante Ag | Vorrichtung zum ueberwachen eines vieladrigen kabels, insbesondere eines fernmeldekabels |
EP0408480A1 (fr) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-01-16 | Socrat | Dispositif pour le contrôle d'étanchéité des réseaux de câbles à gaine métallique |
WO1998058269A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-17 | 1998-12-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procede et appareil de surveillance d'un cable |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3699438A (en) * | 1970-08-21 | 1972-10-17 | Honeywell Inf Systems | Apparatus to visually identify and test wires in a multi-wire cable |
BE792621A (fr) * | 1971-12-15 | 1973-03-30 | Western Electric Co | Procede et produit pour chasser l'eau infiltree dans des cablestelephoniques et analogues |
US4134099A (en) * | 1977-04-15 | 1979-01-09 | Texaco Inc. | System for land seismic cable fault location |
US4277740A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-07-07 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Cable tester for multipair cables |
DE3629352A1 (de) * | 1986-01-09 | 1987-07-16 | Hdw Elektronik Gmbh | Pruefvorrichtung zur spannungspruefung von kabeln und kabelgarnituren |
US5198775A (en) * | 1989-07-11 | 1993-03-30 | Societe Socrat & Belec Sarl | Device for verifying the water tightness of metallically sheathed cable networks |
-
2000
- 2000-02-23 FR FR0002222A patent/FR2805349B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-02-07 AU AU2001235615A patent/AU2001235615A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-07 EP EP01907714A patent/EP1257834A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-02-07 CA CA002400218A patent/CA2400218A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-07 WO PCT/FR2001/000348 patent/WO2001063305A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-08-23 US US10/226,385 patent/US20030042913A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3915880A1 (de) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-11-22 | Quante Ag | Vorrichtung zum ueberwachen eines vieladrigen kabels, insbesondere eines fernmeldekabels |
EP0408480A1 (fr) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-01-16 | Socrat | Dispositif pour le contrôle d'étanchéité des réseaux de câbles à gaine métallique |
WO1998058269A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-17 | 1998-12-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procede et appareil de surveillance d'un cable |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030042913A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
FR2805349A1 (fr) | 2001-08-24 |
CA2400218A1 (fr) | 2001-08-30 |
AU2001235615A1 (en) | 2001-09-03 |
FR2805349B1 (fr) | 2002-04-26 |
EP1257834A1 (fr) | 2002-11-20 |
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