WO2001059034A2 - Carburant/additif de carburant utilisé dans de multiples applications - Google Patents

Carburant/additif de carburant utilisé dans de multiples applications Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001059034A2
WO2001059034A2 PCT/US2001/003845 US0103845W WO0159034A2 WO 2001059034 A2 WO2001059034 A2 WO 2001059034A2 US 0103845 W US0103845 W US 0103845W WO 0159034 A2 WO0159034 A2 WO 0159034A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
less
degrees
additive according
fuel additive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/003845
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2001059034A3 (fr
Inventor
Harvard L. Tomlinson, Jr.
J. Russell Branch
Original Assignee
Syntroleum Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Syntroleum Corporation filed Critical Syntroleum Corporation
Priority to AU2001236706A priority Critical patent/AU2001236706A1/en
Publication of WO2001059034A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001059034A2/fr
Publication of WO2001059034A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001059034A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear

Definitions

  • This invention relates to versatile hydrocarbon liquid materials.
  • it relates to fuels and/or to blending agents for fuels.
  • the fuels/blending agents are suitable for a variety of fuel applications, such as diesel fuel, fuel cell fuel, jet fuel, turbine fuel, boiler or furnace fuel, and they may be used in any other application in which they are useful .
  • the fuel /blending agent is predominantly composed of C9-C22 hydrocarbons synthesized in Fischer-Tropsch processing.
  • the invention provides a fuel or fuel additive, comprising hydrocarbons. These are composed predominantly, on a weight basis, of material in the C9-C22 range, and include material boiling above and below 700 degrees F. At least about 50% by weight of the material boiling above 700 degrees F. has been subjected to treatment with hydrogen under conditions sufficient to saturate at least a portion of any aromatics and/or other unsaturates that may have been present therein.
  • the fuel or fuel additive comprises at least about 99, at least about 99.3 or at least about 99.5% by weight of normal- and/or iso- paraffins based on the total weight of hydrocarbons, and has less than about 500, or less than about 200, or less than about 100, or less than about 50, or substantially zero ppm of unsaturates, based on the total weight of said fuel or fuel additive.
  • the latter also has a cetane number of at least about 70, at least about 74 or at least about 75, and contains less than about 1 ppm, less than about 750 ppb, less than about 500 ppb or less than about 300 ppb each of S and N, based on the total weight of said fuel or fuel additive.
  • the fuel or fuel additive hydrocarbon content is composed predominantly, or substantially, or entirely of material prepared by Fischer- Tropsch synthesis.
  • the hydrocarbon content of the fuel or fuel additive has an iso- to normal- paraffin weight ratio in the range about 0.02:1 to about 20:1, or in the range of about 0.1:1 to about 15:1, or in the range of about 0.5:1 to about 12:1.
  • (a) at least about 50% by weight of the material boiling below 700 degrees F., or (b) substantially all of the material boiling above 700 degrees F., or (c) substantially all of the material boiling below 700 degrees F., or any combination thereof, has been subjected to treatment with hydrogen under conditions sufficient to saturate at least a portion, a substantial portion, or substantially all, of any aromatics and/or other unsaturates that may have been present therein .
  • the fuel or fuel additive is composed predominantly, or substantially, or entirely of material prepared by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and substantially all of the material prepared by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis has been subjected to treatment with hydrogen under conditions sufficient to saturate at least a portion, a substantial portion, or substantially all, of any unsaturates and/or alcohols that may have been present therein.
  • the fuel or fuel additive contains less than about 200, less than about 100, less than about 50 or substantially zero ppm of C12-C24 primary alcohol oxygenate, as oxygen, on a water free basis, based on the total weight of said fuel or fuel additive.
  • Embodiments are contemplated in which the fuel or fuel additive contains up to about 0.01%, or up to about 0.1%, or up to about 1% by weight of a lubricity improver, based on the total weight of said fuel or fuel additive.
  • the fuel or fuel additive has a flash point, as measured by ASTM D-
  • the fuel or fuel additive has a flash point, as measured by ASTM D-93, in the range of about 80 to about 150 degrees F., or in the range of about 90 to about 130 degrees F .
  • fuel cell fuel, diesel fuel, jet fuel, turbine fuel and furnace or boiler fuel according to the invention as broadly stated above, or in accord with any of the above-identified embodiments.
  • Other important products include fuel cell fuel, diesel fuel, jet fuel, turbine fuel and furnace or boiler fuel comprising a fuel additive according to the invention as broadly stated above, or in accord with any of the above-identified embodiments .
  • Another particularly important embodiment is a multi- purpose fuel useful as fuel cell fuel and as diesel engine fuel and conforming to the invention as broadly stated above, or to any of the above-identified embodiments.
  • Yet another important embodiment is a fuel additive useable as a blending agent to be mixed with other fuel components to prepare multi-purpose fuel useful as fuel cell fuel and as diesel engine fuel .
  • multipurpose fuel useful as fuel cell fuel, and as diesel engine fuel, and as jet engine fuel, and as turbine fuel and as furnace or boiler fuel.
  • inventions of the invention will be multipurpose fuels, useful in a variety of applications.
  • the invention includes embodiments tha are useful as both diesel and fuel cell fuels.
  • Certain embodiments of the invention characterized by very high cetane numbers , provide extremely smooth operation of diesel engines. Such engines, when operated respectively on conventional fuel and fuel according to the invention, can differ markedly in the sound levels they generate.
  • the preferred high cetane fuel embodiments with their shorter burning time, generate power more smoothly and quietly in diesel engines.
  • the invention provides multipurpose fuels of high hydrogen content characterized by containing at least about 99% by weight of paraffins, very small quantities of unsaturates and very low levels of sulphur and nitrogen. Production of the fuels by hydrotreating of Fischer-Tropsch products provides a dependable and economical route for these fuel products.
  • These products which may be derived from partially or fully hydrotreated hydrocarbon stocks, may in certain preferred embodiments be produced with substantially no amounts, or restricted amounts, of alcohols or primary alcohols.
  • the products are free of C12-C24 primary oxygenates and, where appropriate, may be blended with any suitable lubricity improvers.
  • Typical EPA #2 diesel fuel typically contains greater than 30% aromatics and greater than 10% olefins, which are hydrogen- poor, and can reduce processor conversion efficiency. Substantially eliminating aromatics decreases the propensity of carbon formation and potentially increases the efficiency of the reformer as well as the lifetime of the catalyst.
  • the single drawing is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing method for converting starting material to fuel or fuel additive in accord with the invention.
  • the starting material used in production of the fuel and fuel additive herein may be any suitable stock of natural or synthetic origin.
  • the starting material is of
  • These stocks will be essentially hydrocarbon in content. Aromatics and other unsaturates, as well as sulphur and nitrogen, may be present. However, the preferred starting materials are substantially unsaturated, substantially paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch products which are usually characterized by low levels of sulphur and nitrogen.
  • the goal of the invention is production of fuel or fuel additives, including hydrocarbon material which is either within, throughout, or substantially conforming to the range of about C9 to C22.
  • materials substantially lighter and heavier than those desired in the final product may be absent from the starting material or, if present, will be removed during conversion of the starting material to final product.
  • Starting material may be produced from petroleum fractions, for example, by distillation and/or flashing and/or stripping and/or other usual processing steps that have been applied in processing of such fractions .
  • natural gas, gasified coal and/or other gaseous raw materials are converted to synthesis gas, a mixture composed substantially of carbon monoxide and molecular hydrogen. This may be done, for example, by steam reforming, partial oxidation or autothermal reforming.
  • the resultant synthesis gas is then utilized as feed stock for a Fischer-Tropsch reaction to make the starting material.
  • any suitable catalyst can be used to convert the synthesis gas to Fischer-Tropsch liquids , which tend to be primarily paraffinic .
  • Suitable catalysts include those based on cobalt or iron as the primary catalytic material.
  • the preferred catalyst is cobalt on any suitable support which may, for example, be silica, alumina, silica-alumina or Group VIB metal oxides, such as titania. Promoters may also be present with the primary catalytic material, e.g. ruthenium, rhenium, titanium, zirconium or hafnium.
  • the product recovered from the Fischer-Tropsch catalytic reactor may, for example, be separated into various fractions.
  • a heavy Fischer-Tropsch liquid may, for example, be recovered and may be used or stored with or without intermediate hydrocracking and stabilization.
  • a light Fischer-Tropsch liquid product for example about C4 to about C28 , may also be sent to storage or used. At room temperature, the light Fischer-Tropsch liquid is in a liquid state and the heavy Fischer-Tropsch liquid is in a solid state. Water and low molecular weight alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, can and preferably are stripped from the light Fischer-Tropsch liquids .
  • the light Fischer-Tropsch liquids may be fractionated to produce starting material corresponding to the desired carbon number range of the ultimate fuel or fuel additive product, for example, about C9 to about C22 or some portion of this range.
  • both light and heavy Fischer-Tropsch liquids, in a liquid state, and with a C number range exceeding C22, and possibly also including components of less than C9 is hydro treated in such a way as to adjust, or partially adjust the C number range of the starting material to the desired C number range of the product. Further adjustment can be accomplished with the aid of fractionation .
  • a light Fischer-Tropsch liquid 10 is introduced into a feed fractionator 100 along with a heavy Fischer-Tropsch liquid 20.
  • Exemplary representations of streams 10 and 15 are provided in Table 1, below.
  • the light Fischer Tropsch liquid 10 may or may not be a stabilized product.
  • Fractionator 100 provides the necessary separation to produce an unstabilized light synthetic paraffin stream 25 composed predominantly of C9 and lesser carbon numbers, a C9-C17 middle distillate product 30, and a C18+ stream 35.
  • Superheated steam 20 is provided to promote effective separation.
  • Middle distillate C9-C17 fraction 30 is then boosted to the operating pressure of hydrocracking reactor 200, mixed with circulating hydrogen, and heated before being introduced into an active catalyst zone in the reactor.
  • C18+ heavy paraffin bottoms are boosted to the operating pressure of reactor 200, mixed with circulating hydrogen, and heated before being introduced into an active catalyst zone of the reactor.
  • Fractions 30 and 35 may or may not be fed into the same catalyst zone or chamber of hydrocracker 200.
  • the conversion reactions employed in the hydrocracker are hydrocracking (HC) , hydroisomerization (HI), and hydrogenation (HY) .
  • the catalysts employed to promote HC and HI are usually characterized by Group VIII base and/or noble metal (s) on silica-alumina supports of varying acidity and structure.
  • HY may be accomplished utilizing less expensive Group VIII metals on inactive supports. Illustrative operating conditions for the hydrocracker are found in Table 2, below.
  • Make-up hydrogen 40 is provided to replace hydrogen losses which may be caused by chemical consumption, solubility in products, discharge with purge gas and off gas 55, and leaks.
  • WO 01/59034 PCT/TJSOl/03845 PCT/TJSOl/03845
  • Wash water 45 is introduced into the reactor loop to reduce the build-up of undesirable compounds in the circulating hydrogen.
  • a light hydrocrackate 60 and heavy hydrocrackate 65 are the two liquid hydrocarbon products from hydrocracker 200.
  • a process water stream 50 is also produced.
  • Product fractionator 300 receives products 60 and 65 and operates in such a manner as to produce a C5 minus offgas 70, a C5-C9 light synthetic paraffin 75, a C9-C22 multi-purpose fuel 80 and an unconverted waxy oil stream 85.
  • Superheated steam 90 is used in fractionator 300 in a manner similar to that in which it is used in fractionator 100.
  • Stream 85 is provided to allow for recycling to adjust the cut point on the multipurpose fuel while minimizing C9 minus yields.
  • Multi-purpose fuel 80 is a very highly saturated paraffin product with ultra-low sulfur and nitrogen compounds that has a very low volatility. Table 3, below, provides some typical characteristics of the multi-purpose fuel.
  • the synthetic multi-purpose fuel described herein may be applied, as appropriate, as a direct fuel (introduced directly into a fuel cell) or as a feed stream for a fuel processor.
  • the present example illustrates use of the fuel of the present invention as a feed stream for a proprietary fuel processor made by Northwest Power Systems (Bend, Oregon) .
  • the determined hydrogen yield of this multi-purpose fuel is at least equal to that of conventional diesel fuel.
  • conventional petroleum-derived diesel fuel yielded sufficient hydrogen to produce 8.67 kilowatt hours of electric flow (kWh) from one gallon of fuel and the multi- purpose fuel according to the invention yielded sufficient hydrogen to produce 9.05 kWh from one gallon of fuel.
  • the multipurpose fuel of the present invention was compared against EPA #2 diesel in emission tests using an unmodified heavy duty 5.9L Cummins engine on a test stand (Table 6) and an unmodified heavy-light duty diesel vehicle with the same engine on a chassis dynamometer (Table 7) .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un carburant ou un additif de carburant composé essentiellement, sur une base en poids, d'hydrocarbures en C9-C22, comprenant un matériau pouvant bouillir au-dessus et en-dessous de 700 degrés F. Au moins environ 50 % en poids du matériau pouvant bouillir au-dessus de 700 degrés F est soumis à un traitement à l'hydrogène de façon à saturer au moins une partie des hydrocarbures aromatiques et/ou autres insaturés. Le carburant ou l'additif de carburant comprend au moins environ 99 %, 99,3 %, ou 99,5 % en poids de paraffine normale ou d'isoparaffine par rapport au poids total des hydrocarbures; et moins environ 500, 200, 100, 50, ou sensiblement zéro ppm d'insaturés par rapport au poids total du carburant ou de l'additif de carburant. Ledit carburant ou ledit additif de carburant possède un nombre de cétanes d'au moins environ 70, 74 ou 75, et contient moins d'environ 1 ppm, et au moins 750, 500, ou 300 ppb de S et de N par rapport au poids total du carburant et de l'additif de carburant.
PCT/US2001/003845 2000-02-08 2001-02-07 Carburant/additif de carburant utilisé dans de multiples applications WO2001059034A2 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001236706A AU2001236706A1 (en) 2000-02-08 2001-02-07 Multipurpose fuel/additive

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US49969000A 2000-02-08 2000-02-08
US46669000A 2000-02-08 2000-02-08
US09/499,690 2000-02-08

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002070628A2 (fr) * 2001-03-05 2002-09-12 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Elaboration de distillats moyens
WO2003030285A2 (fr) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-10 Hewlett-Packard Company Additifs pour pile a combustible
US6846402B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2005-01-25 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Thermally stable jet prepared from highly paraffinic distillate fuel component and conventional distillate fuel component
WO2005035695A2 (fr) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-21 Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd Procede de production de sources d'energie multifonctionnelles et sources d'energie multifonctionnelles produites a l'aide de ce procede
WO2005091815A2 (fr) * 2004-03-17 2005-10-06 Conocophillips Company Procedes d'hydrotraitement et appareil s'utilisant dans la preparation d'hydrocarbures liquides
NL1024451C2 (nl) * 2002-10-04 2006-09-06 Chevron Usa Inc Systemen en werkwijzen voor het verbeteren van de prestatie van dieselbrandstof in koude klimaten.
US7393877B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2008-07-01 Total France Process for the conversion of a synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the presence of beta-SiC and effluent from this process

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002070628A3 (fr) * 2001-03-05 2004-02-26 Shell Int Research Elaboration de distillats moyens
WO2002070628A2 (fr) * 2001-03-05 2002-09-12 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Elaboration de distillats moyens
US6921593B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2005-07-26 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Fuel additives for fuel cell
WO2003030285A2 (fr) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-10 Hewlett-Packard Company Additifs pour pile a combustible
WO2003030285A3 (fr) * 2001-09-28 2003-10-16 Hewlett Packard Co Additifs pour pile a combustible
US7320748B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2008-01-22 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Thermally stable jet prepared from highly paraffinic distillate fuel component and conventional distillate fuel component
US6846402B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2005-01-25 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Thermally stable jet prepared from highly paraffinic distillate fuel component and conventional distillate fuel component
NL1024451C2 (nl) * 2002-10-04 2006-09-06 Chevron Usa Inc Systemen en werkwijzen voor het verbeteren van de prestatie van dieselbrandstof in koude klimaten.
US7909894B2 (en) 2002-10-04 2011-03-22 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Systems and methods of improving diesel fuel performance in cold climates
US7354462B2 (en) 2002-10-04 2008-04-08 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Systems and methods of improving diesel fuel performance in cold climates
GB2422842A (en) * 2003-10-17 2006-08-09 Sasol Technology Process for the production of multipurpose energy sources and multipurpose energy sources produced by said process
WO2005035695A2 (fr) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-21 Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd Procede de production de sources d'energie multifonctionnelles et sources d'energie multifonctionnelles produites a l'aide de ce procede
GB2422842B (en) * 2003-10-17 2008-08-13 Sasol Technology Process for the production of multipurpose energy sources and multipurpose energy sources produced by said process
AU2004280647B2 (en) * 2003-10-17 2010-03-18 Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd Process for the production of multipurpose energy sources and multipurpose energy sources produced by said process
WO2005035695A3 (fr) * 2003-10-17 2005-08-11 Kohler Luis Pablo Fid Dancuart Procede de production de sources d'energie multifonctionnelles et sources d'energie multifonctionnelles produites a l'aide de ce procede
US7393877B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2008-07-01 Total France Process for the conversion of a synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the presence of beta-SiC and effluent from this process
WO2005091815A3 (fr) * 2004-03-17 2007-02-08 Conocophillips Co Procedes d'hydrotraitement et appareil s'utilisant dans la preparation d'hydrocarbures liquides
WO2005091815A2 (fr) * 2004-03-17 2005-10-06 Conocophillips Company Procedes d'hydrotraitement et appareil s'utilisant dans la preparation d'hydrocarbures liquides
US7354507B2 (en) 2004-03-17 2008-04-08 Conocophillips Company Hydroprocessing methods and apparatus for use in the preparation of liquid hydrocarbons

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