WO2001055776A1 - Method of applying viewing devices - Google Patents
Method of applying viewing devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001055776A1 WO2001055776A1 PCT/US2000/014271 US0014271W WO0155776A1 WO 2001055776 A1 WO2001055776 A1 WO 2001055776A1 US 0014271 W US0014271 W US 0014271W WO 0155776 A1 WO0155776 A1 WO 0155776A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- viewing device
- wetting solution
- applying
- media
- spacer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C9/00—Stereo-photographic or similar processes
- G03C9/02—Parallax-stereogram
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
Definitions
- the present invention relates broadly to methods of assembling layers for special effects images. Specifically, an alignment method is provided for use with lenticular lenses and black line screens that are layered over interleaved images.
- Three-dimensional viewing of images or pictures is based on the phenomenon that a human is able to integrate two dissimilar images of the same object received by the eyes and merge them into one image.
- a viewer would need to wear filters or glasses that combine multiple images (i.e.; combined stereo-pair) and enhance depth perception.
- the object is to achieve simulation of parallax -- the physical phenomenon that allows a viewer to perceive depth.
- Lenticulated lens sheets or barrier strip systems also known as black line screens
- Lenticulated sheets and black line screens are useful viewing devices that can be mounted on or layered onto images to provide the optics necessary for instigating depth perception (3D or stereography).
- Viewing devices are also useful in achieving other high impact/special effects images such as animated-type images that can be viewed with one eye.
- a flip motion effect can be seen on specially designed images, where at one angle, one image is observable, while at a different angle, a different or second image is observable.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,942,062 teaches a method for laminating two sheets together, using a paired-roller laminator with low viscosity adhesive between the sheets. The adhesive is cured after the lamination process. Conventional lamination methods could lead to a variety of problems including for example, entrapped air between sheets (layers), poor bonding, or undesirable voids.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,927,238 provides a method and apparatus for depicting three-dimensional photographic images.
- the method in the '238 patent teaches that proper registration of rigid images can be attained through the use of various hardware, including bolts, springs, and pegs.
- the '238 method and apparatus may tend to be somewhat cumbersome and time consuming for practitioners.
- the '238 patent teaches that the photographic image and the viewing screen can be laminated into a sandwich.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,942,062 relates to a method for controlling the spread of low viscosity adhesive during lamination of sheets. The method is particularly useful for laminating images to a lenticular array sheet to provide a three- dimensionally depicted image.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,959,718 teaches a method for aligning an image with a lenticular sheet.
- the lenticular sheet has lens elements that are individual, distinct, and immediately adjacent one another.
- the method for aligning the sheet to an image comprises: 1) directly sensing the locations of reference elements on the lens sheet and 2) writing portions of the lenticular image on the image receiving medium each of which is associated with a corresponding lens element, in accordance with the sensed position of the reference elements.
- Precise placement of direct application-type viewing devices onto images is desirable to ensure that special effects images can be achieved, with minimal distortion and maximum clarity.
- the difficulty generally lies in the registration of the viewing device and the image.
- Images are typically provided with a double stick adhesive and a release liner.
- the practitioner can peel back a portion of the liner, then register the viewing device with the image, peel back the remaining liner and then place the layered assembly in a laminator. If the layers shift or were not initially, accurately registered, the final product is unacceptable and considered waste. Unacceptable products are generally those that viewers find to be unclear or unaesthetic. Furthermore, manufacturing efficiency and costs can be detrimentally affected if too much waste is produced. It would be advantageous to provide a method of aligning viewing devices that is flexible and user-friendly for an installer/practitioner yet achieves accurate mounting of a viewing device over an interleaved image.
- a method comprising: providing a viewing device and an interleaved image, wetting the surface of either the viewing device or the image with a wetting solution, and aligning the viewing device and the interleaved image, then forcing out the wetting solution from between the substrates.
- a method of applying a lenticular lens over an interleaved image in one aspect of the invention, a method of applying a lenticular lens over an interleaved image.
- a method of applying a black line screen over an interleaved image in another aspect of the invention, a method of applying a black line screen over an interleaved image.
- interleaved image means a composite image made using the process of interlacing narrow slices or strips taken from multiple yet different images;
- registration marks is a series of monochrome lines that have an identical pitch to the pitch of the interleaved image;
- pitch means the distance from a point on an edge of a line or lens to a corresponding point on an edge of the next line or lens measured perpendicular to the line or lens; e.g., pitch can be measured by counting the number of lines or lenses per inch.
- the present invention provides a method for applying viewing devices over interleaved images to produce special effects images.
- special effects images is used to describe a class of graphic images that are achieved by assembling (e.g. via layering) images with viewing devices to produce, for example, 3D graphics, flip images, animation, motion, flip-motion, or a combination thereof.
- a viewing device can either lie directly adjacent to an interleaved image or can be separated from the interleaved image by a spacer.
- the method provides a process that applies and aligns viewing devices over images and results in high quality and clean special effects images. To achieve high quality special effects images, viewing devices and printed images should be accurately aligned and registered.
- a further advantage of the present method of applying adhesive coated viewing devices or images using a wetting solution is that the assembled device can be free of flaws or markings from the assembly process. Thus, water marks are generally not visible after alignment and adhesion of the materials (layers).
- the present method is useful for a wide variety of imaged media, including for example, transparent or translucent images and opaque images. Conventional methods could result in marks that could detrimentally distort an image or provide an unclear three-dimensional image. Distorted images are generally unacceptable aesthetically.
- the use of the present invention of a liquid solution on special effects imaging substrates having a water immiscible adhesive can provide special effects images that are substantially free of detrimentally significant distorting marks or air bubbles.
- the alignment method of the invention provides a highly flexible method for assembling a special effects image.
- the method of the invention may be used in various locations and situations ranging from a fabricator shop or an automated manufacturing facility to an actual installation site which may be performed by hand.
- Actual installation sites where it would be advantageous to have the capability of on-site installation can include, for example, bus shelters, vending machines, airport concourses, retail stores, shopping malls, theater foyers, etc.
- the portability of a wetting (liquid) solution allows the present invention to be practiced in nearly any installation site, as long as the environmental conditions are reasonably clean or the site can be isolated from airborne debris.
- the method of the invention may be advantageously used for non-flat special effects images such as for example, curved 3D or flip images.
- Interleaved images are preferably printed on substrates that range in thickness from about 0.002 inches to about 0.020 inches.
- the substrate is preferably a film; however other suitable substrates for the methods of the invention include, for example, glass and paper.
- the interleaved images can be printed or deposited on the substrate by one of a variety of suitable methods, including screen print, offset print, photography, electrostatic, gravure, inkjet, digitization, thermostatic, electronic display, lithographic, flexographic, electrophotographic or other conventional imaging methods.
- Lenticular sheets comprise a series of clear lenses, where each lens convex in shape. Common lenticular lenses are provided in hemi-cylindrical shapes; alternatively, the lenses can be parabolic in shape.
- a preferred lenticular sheet is described in U.S. Patent No ⁇ 5,330,799 which teaches lenticular lenses that are suitable for aligning with an interleaved image to achieve 3D effect. (U.S. Patent No. 5,554,432 also provides a lenticular lens sheet that can impart autostereoscopic images.)
- Preferred black line screens are described in U.S. Reissue Patent Re. 35,029 and in a U.S. Patent Application entitled "Black Line
- a spacer is defined as any visible light transparent medium.
- the spacer has a light transmissivity of at least about 75% (based on ASTM D1003).
- the spacer functions as a gap to provide a distance (depth) between an image and a viewing device to achieve flip or 3D effects.
- a preferred material for a spacer is a thermoplastic poly (methyhnethacrylate) polymer product commercially available from Elf-Atochem S.A., under the trade designation
- spacers include glass, acrylic or a polycarbonate material such as a product available from GE Plastics under the trade designation LEXAN.
- the spacer can be a volume of air between the interleaved image and the black line screen.
- the amount of air or the thickness of a spacer is a function relative to the pitch of a viewing device and the anticipated viewing distance of the observer from the special effects image.
- a special effects image assembly having a lenticular lens does not require a spacer. This is likely due to the fact that lenticular lenses are specifically designed to allow certain angles of the image to be seen.
- a lenticular lens can be considered to have a built-in or pre-fabricated spacer. Any of the substrates to be aligned may be coated with a clear adhesive.
- the adhesive on a substrate be smooth.
- the substrate could be a spacer, the media which holds an interleaved image, a viewing device, or a combination thereof.
- Surface roughness of a PSA can be influenced by its release liner due to the close contact with which release liner has to the PSA.
- a substrate having a pre- coated PSA comprise a release liner that imparts low surface roughness. A very rough surface could lead to a hazy image. Smoothness of the adhesive also ensures continuous contact and good adhesion between layers.
- the surface roughness of a release liner can be measured using the "RST Plus Surface Profiling system" which computes surface parameters that provide information about roughness and surface profile. (RST Plus Technical Reference Manual, Wyko Corp., April 1995 2nd ed. 980-078 Rev. A).
- the substrates having a pre-coated PSA preferably have a release liner that has a surface roughness, R t less than about 15 ⁇ m; more preferably less than about lO ⁇ m.
- a preferred material for use as a release liners for PSA coated substrates is silicon- coated polyester (PET).
- PET silicon- coated polyester
- a component of this application method is a wetting solution, to be applied between the layers of the special effects image.
- An aqueous mixture of a surfactant in water is preferably used as a wetting solution in the process of the invention.
- the surfactant is a mild synthetic detergent.
- the surfactant may be present in the solution at a level of about 0.1 wt% (weight percent) to about 20 wt%, where the balance of the composition is water.
- the wetting solution comprises about 0.25 wt % to about 15 wt% of surfactant; more preferably, the wetting solution comprises about 0.5 wt% to about 5 wt% surfactant.
- Detergents containing oils, emollients, fragrances, dyes, etc. are not desirable as those components may result in application and or adhesion problems. It is therefore preferable that the detergent used in the liquid be compatible with the adhesive used to adhere the components of the special effects image.
- Suitable detergents useful for the practice of the invention include clear liquid (hand) dishwashing detergents such as the product available under the trade designation JOY, available from Procter & Gamble (Cincinnati, OH).
- the wetting solution is sprayed onto the image side of the film or substrate.
- Application of the mixture may be performed by using a conventional sprayer.
- the wetting solution can be poured onto the substrate.
- the imaged surface should be completely wet for optimum alignment and positioning. More preferably, the imaged surface is thoroughly flooded with the wetting solution.
- the viewing device can then be placed or positioned over the interleaved image. Taking advantage of the slippery wet surface, a user can then manipulate, adjust or reposition the viewing device to ensure maximum clarity and three-dimensional effect. For optimum stereographic or 3D effect, the viewing device should be matched or be in alignment with the interleaved image.
- a light source is generally preferable in the practice of the invention to provide sufficient illumination for ensuring proper alignment of the viewing device's pitch to the registration marks of the interleaved image.
- the light source preferably projects light from behind the image especially in cases where the image is non-opaque (i.e., translucent or transparent).
- a spacer may be positioned between the screen and the interleaved image substrate.
- a spacer may be pre-attached or adjacent to either the media or the black line screen.
- adjacent to means that the surface between a media and a spacer, or the surface between a spacer and a black line screen, are in contact with each other, attached, or mechanically connected; preferably, the surfaces are adhesively attached.
- the alignment process utilizing a wetting solution may be performed for aligning the spacer over the interleaved image as well as for aligning the viewing device over the spacer (in combination with the interleaved image).
- the wetting solution may be pushed out from between the substrates by squeegee, sponge or other force application device. If bubbles become entrapped between any of the substrates, a pin or other sharp, round pointed tool may be used to puncture the film. The entrapped air or wetting solution can then be pressed out. Alternatively, the trapped air or solution can be removed by spraying the area and squeezing it out with rapid squeegee or sponge strokes.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU54429/00A AU5442900A (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-05-23 | Method of applying viewing devices |
BR0016996-0A BR0016996A (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-05-23 | Methods for applying a display device to an interleaved image and applying a black line display device to an interleaved image |
EP00939330A EP1257866A1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-05-23 | Method of applying viewing devices |
JP2001555857A JP2003521735A (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-05-23 | Method of applying observation device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US49110300A | 2000-01-25 | 2000-01-25 | |
US09/491,103 | 2000-01-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001055776A1 true WO2001055776A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
Family
ID=23950796
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/014271 WO2001055776A1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-05-23 | Method of applying viewing devices |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1257866A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003521735A (en) |
AU (1) | AU5442900A (en) |
BR (1) | BR0016996A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001055776A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2199323A1 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2010-06-23 | SABIC Innovative Plastics B.V. | Anti-frost film assemblies, method of manufacture, and articles made thereof |
EP1937755B1 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2016-05-18 | SABIC Innovative Plastics IP B.V. | Anti-fog film assemblies, method of manufacture, and articles made thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3607540A (en) * | 1968-06-11 | 1971-09-21 | Norton Co | Method of applying pressure-sensitive sheeting |
GB1421854A (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1976-01-21 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Solar control products method and apparatus for packaging electronic componentw |
US4498736A (en) * | 1981-02-02 | 1985-02-12 | Griffin Robert B | Method and apparatus for producing visual patterns with lenticular sheets |
EP0713120A1 (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-05-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for aligning a lenticular overlay with a lenticular print |
US5902634A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1999-05-11 | Courtaulds Performance Films | Permeable solar control film |
-
2000
- 2000-05-23 EP EP00939330A patent/EP1257866A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-05-23 WO PCT/US2000/014271 patent/WO2001055776A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-05-23 BR BR0016996-0A patent/BR0016996A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-05-23 JP JP2001555857A patent/JP2003521735A/en active Pending
- 2000-05-23 AU AU54429/00A patent/AU5442900A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3607540A (en) * | 1968-06-11 | 1971-09-21 | Norton Co | Method of applying pressure-sensitive sheeting |
GB1421854A (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1976-01-21 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Solar control products method and apparatus for packaging electronic componentw |
US4498736A (en) * | 1981-02-02 | 1985-02-12 | Griffin Robert B | Method and apparatus for producing visual patterns with lenticular sheets |
EP0713120A1 (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1996-05-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for aligning a lenticular overlay with a lenticular print |
US5902634A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1999-05-11 | Courtaulds Performance Films | Permeable solar control film |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2199323A1 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2010-06-23 | SABIC Innovative Plastics B.V. | Anti-frost film assemblies, method of manufacture, and articles made thereof |
EP2199323B1 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2016-04-13 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Anti-frost film assemblies, method of manufacture, and articles made thereof |
EP1937755B1 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2016-05-18 | SABIC Innovative Plastics IP B.V. | Anti-fog film assemblies, method of manufacture, and articles made thereof |
EP1928942B2 (en) † | 2005-09-30 | 2019-02-27 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Anti-frost film assemblies, method of manufacture, and articles made thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5442900A (en) | 2001-08-07 |
EP1257866A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
BR0016996A (en) | 2002-10-15 |
JP2003521735A (en) | 2003-07-15 |
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