WO2001051675A1 - Method for manufacturing composite deoxidizer of molten steel and the composite deoxidizer by using the method thereof - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing composite deoxidizer of molten steel and the composite deoxidizer by using the method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001051675A1 WO2001051675A1 PCT/KR2000/001017 KR0001017W WO0151675A1 WO 2001051675 A1 WO2001051675 A1 WO 2001051675A1 KR 0001017 W KR0001017 W KR 0001017W WO 0151675 A1 WO0151675 A1 WO 0151675A1
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminium
- molten steel
- composite
- deoxidizer
- density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to metallurgy and, in particular, the methods of the molten steel deoxidation and alloying with Aluminium and method for manufacturing composite deoxidizer of molten steel and the composite deoxidizer by using the method thereof
- Fe-AI alloy that contain 40-50% Al
- the Fe-AI alloy's density has the value roughly 0 6 of the molten steel's density That's why it's well mixed into the melt It provides a good level of its assimilation into the melt with low level of waste.
- the Fe-AI alloy is of high price Besides it Fe-AI alloy has a high melting point ( 1400-1500 °C).
- Aluminium in the Fe-AI alloy has the form of inter-metallic compound Fe 3 Al and FeAl. Besides it Fe-AI alloy is slowly dissolved in the molten steel and during a long period of time Aluminium is distributed in the melt.
- the molten steel is treated by pure Aluminium Low melting point and low cost of the used Aluminium are the advantages of the method
- pure Aluminium has a low density(value is about 0.33-0.37, if compare to the molten steel density) According to it aluminium is hardly mixed into the melt with the help of steel rod or steel weight.
- Aluminium losses are substantially high and non-stable That is why the large drops of liquid Aluminium are formed of Aluminium pieces and ingots, and such drops are quickly come to the surface and stunk the slag
- the target of the present invention is to work out the method of molten steel treating by Aluminium where the listed disadvantages are eliminated and also the listed advantages such as high density of Fe-AI, low-melting point and cheapness of pure Aluminium are kept.
- Fig. 1 is a view showing the longitudinal section being cut after manufacturing a composite deoxidizer.
- Fig. 2a is a drawing illustrating a process in which composite deoxidizer is dissolved, circulated in molten steel, according to the present invention.
- Fig. 2b is a drawing illustrating Aluminium deoxidizer in molten steel according to a conventional art.
- the method for manufacturing a composite deoxidizer includes several processes; pure aluminum having high-purity is dissolved in a furnace and thereafter a metal piece(metal reinforced component) having high melting point is inserted slowly and mixed in the molten steel.
- an alloy is manufactured by adding the metal having low melting point to the molten metal having high melting point
- a composite deoxidizer of the present invention is developed by adding the metal(metal reinforced component) having high melting point to the molten metal having low melting point.
- the materials added in the molten steel are one or more of REM(Rear Earth Metal), Fe, Ca, Si, Mg and Ti or the metal may be used in different combination : as pure one(Al), as double(Fe-Mn, Fe-Si, Fe-AI, Fe-Ti, Fe-Ce) and treble(Fe-Si-Ca, Al-Si- Ca and so on) and as more complex alloys.
- the composite deoxidizer made is shown in Fig. 1.
- the part of white color represents an Al-based and the part of black color represents a metal piece including one or more of Fe, Ca, Si, Mg, Ti or REM(Rear Earth Metal).
- a method of molten steel treating with Aluminium wherein the Aluminium is placed in the melt together with the Iron-based Alloy, and wherein the Aluminium and Iron-based Alloy are put into the Melt in the form of Composite with initial density which value is not less than 0.5, if compare to the molten steel's density, and which contain Al, C, Si, Mn, Ti and wherein range of ingredients is as follows(% of mass): Al 25-50
- the composite contains Aluminium as the matrix component and other ingredients-in the from of Iron-based alloy and as the reinforced component and by the way aluminium Dissolution in the molten steel is realized by the continuous increasing of the composite relative density to the value of 1 00-1.05
- the process ensures the favorable conditions for the Aluminium dissolution in the molten steel
- the treating of the molten steel by the composite where the Aluminium is contained as an matrix component and the initial low-melting point are kept, provides its rapid dissolution in the melt
- the treating of the molten steel by the composite in which the Iron-based alloy is as a reinforcing component, make its heavier as necessary That is to say the increasing of composite density to the 0 4-0 70 if compare to the molten steel density At such level of density the composite does not stick into the Slag and it is easily drawn into the circulating melt Flow and it is sunk into the molten steel
- the reinforcing component from Iron-based alloy is melted after the Aluminium dissolution It's composition is similar to the molten steel's one Because of the reinforced part of composite is easily mixed with the molten steel and entirely assimilated
- Aluminium part in the composite is in the limit 25-50%, the most favorable conditions for steel treatment are provided If the aluminium part in the composite is lower, the cooling influence of the composite on the melt is become stronger because of the increasing of the reinforcing component part and necessity of the increasing of the composite expenses The bigger part of the Aluminium in the composite the lower its density, worse its mixing into the melt and bigger Aluminium losses
- Fig 2a is a drawing illustrating a process in which composite deoxidizer is dissolved, circulated in molten steel, according to the present invention
- the density of composite deoxidizer is above 0 4
- the density of the composite deoxidizer is increased in proportion to the amount of the dissolved Aluminium and it is fallen
- Aluminium having low melting point is dissolved in the molten steel, it is risen by the convection flows
- the density of the composite deoxidizer is increased and become 1 00-1 05, it is high As
- Example Steel that content 0 25% C, 0 70% Mn, 0.25% Si, 0 02% S, 0 03% P is melted in the electric-furnace and at the end it is deoxidized by Aluminium in the ladle at the moment of the output of the melt outside the furnace
- the composite deoxidizer, contain the Aluminium is preliminarily obtained by the mixing of the carbon steel with the liquid aluminium
- the loading of the pure aluminium piece into the melt with steel weight Quantity of the pure aluminium and steel weight is appropriate to the expenses of the aluminium and reinforced components
- Ratio of the aluminium losses is calculated by the formulae - 100 - K usmg
- Initial density of the Al-Fe based alloy composite is 1 47-1 92 times higher than the pure aluminium's one During the dissolution process its difference is increased at the beginning of the dissolution its value is 1 52-2 04, at the end it can reach the value of 3
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to metallurgy and, in particular, the methods of the molten steel deoxidation and alloying with aluminium. According to the present invention there is provided a method of molten steel treating with Aluminium. Wherein the Aluminium is placed in the melt together with the Iron-based Alloy, and wherein the Aluminium and Iron-based Alloy are put into the Melt in the form of Composite with initial density which value is not less than 0.4, if compare to the molten steel's density, and which contain Al, C, Si, Mn and Fe, and wherein range of ingredients is as follows (% of mass): Al 25-50 C 0.05-0.90 Si 0.05-1.50 Mn 0.15-1.25 Fe the Rest, by the way, the composite contains Aluminium as the matrix component and other ingredients - in the form of Iron - based alloy and as the reinforced component by the way the Aluminium Dissolution in the molten steel is realized by the continuous increasing of the composite relative density to the value of 1.00-1.05. Application of the present invention ensures efficiency improvement of the molten steel treatment with Aluminium assimilation and aluminium losses decreasing.
Description
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE DEOXIDIZER OF MOLTEN STEEL AND THE COMPOSITE DEOXIDIZER BY USING THE METHOD THEREOF
The present invention relates to metallurgy and, in particular, the methods of the molten steel deoxidation and alloying with Aluminium and method for manufacturing composite deoxidizer of molten steel and the composite deoxidizer by using the method thereof
One method is known, where the molten steel is treated with Fe-AI alloy that contain 40-50% Al The Fe-AI alloy's density has the value roughly 0 6 of the molten steel's density That's why it's well mixed into the melt It provides a good level of its assimilation into the melt with low level of waste. But the Fe-AI alloy is of high price Besides it Fe-AI alloy has a high melting point ( 1400-1500 °C). By the way Aluminium in the Fe-AI alloy has the form of inter-metallic compound Fe3Al and FeAl. Besides it Fe-AI alloy is slowly dissolved in the molten steel and during a long period of time Aluminium is distributed in the melt.
According to another known method, the molten steel is treated by pure Aluminium Low melting point and low cost of the used Aluminium are the advantages of the method But pure Aluminium has a low density(value is about 0.33-0.37, if compare to the molten steel density) According to it aluminium is hardly mixed into the melt with the help of steel rod or steel weight. But in this case Aluminium losses are substantially high and non-stable That is why the large drops of liquid Aluminium are formed of Aluminium pieces and ingots, and such drops are quickly come to the surface and stunk the slag
The target of the present invention is to work out the method of molten steel treating
by Aluminium where the listed disadvantages are eliminated and also the listed advantages such as high density of Fe-AI, low-melting point and cheapness of pure Aluminium are kept.
Fig. 1 is a view showing the longitudinal section being cut after manufacturing a composite deoxidizer.
Fig. 2a is a drawing illustrating a process in which composite deoxidizer is dissolved, circulated in molten steel, according to the present invention.
Fig. 2b is a drawing illustrating Aluminium deoxidizer in molten steel according to a conventional art.
The method for manufacturing a composite deoxidizer includes several processes; pure aluminum having high-purity is dissolved in a furnace and thereafter a metal piece(metal reinforced component) having high melting point is inserted slowly and mixed in the molten steel.
Conventionally, an alloy is manufactured by adding the metal having low melting point to the molten metal having high melting point, whereas a composite deoxidizer of the present invention is developed by adding the metal(metal reinforced component) having high melting point to the molten metal having low melting point. In the present invention, the materials added in the molten steel are one or more of REM(Rear Earth Metal), Fe, Ca, Si, Mg and Ti or the metal may be used in different combination : as pure one(Al), as double(Fe-Mn, Fe-Si, Fe-AI, Fe-Ti, Fe-Ce) and treble(Fe-Si-Ca, Al-Si- Ca and so on) and as more complex alloys. The composite deoxidizer made is shown in Fig. 1. The part of white color represents an Al-based and the part of black color represents a metal piece including one or more of Fe, Ca, Si, Mg, Ti or REM(Rear Earth Metal).
According to the present invention there is provided a method of molten steel
treating with Aluminium Wherein the Aluminium is placed in the melt together with the Iron-based Alloy, and wherein the Aluminium and Iron-based Alloy are put into the Melt in the form of Composite with initial density which value is not less than 0.5, if compare to the molten steel's density, and which contain Al, C, Si, Mn, Ti and wherein range of ingredients is as follows(% of mass): Al 25-50
C 0 05-0 90
Si 0 05-1.50
Mn 0 15-1.25 Fe the Rest, by the way, the composite contains Aluminium as the matrix component and other ingredients-in the from of Iron-based alloy and as the reinforced component and by the way aluminium Dissolution in the molten steel is realized by the continuous increasing of the composite relative density to the value of 1 00-1.05
According to the present invention the process ensures the favorable conditions for the Aluminium dissolution in the molten steel The treating of the molten steel by the composite, where the Aluminium is contained as an matrix component and the initial low-melting point are kept, provides its rapid dissolution in the melt The treating of the molten steel by the composite, in which the Iron-based alloy is as a reinforcing component, make its heavier as necessary That is to say the increasing of composite density to the 0 4-0 70 if compare to the molten steel density At such level of density the composite does not stick into the Slag and it is easily drawn into the circulating melt Flow and it is sunk into the molten steel
During the molten steel treating by the Al-Fe alloy composite, firstly only Aluminium is melted The reinforcing component from Iron-based alloy is not melted until the full aluminium dissolution That's why during the Aluminium dissolution the
composite density is continuously increased and at the moment of entire Aluminium dissolution it has the value 1 00-1 05 if compare to the molten steel's is kept
The reinforcing component from Iron-based alloy is melted after the Aluminium dissolution It's composition is similar to the molten steel's one Because of the reinforced part of composite is easily mixed with the molten steel and entirely assimilated
During the molten steel treating with Al-Fe-based alloy the composite pieces are disintegrated on the fragments because of the influence of convectional flows In its turn these fragments are disintegrated on the smaller fragments
Combination of the decreasing of the composite fragment's size and the increasing of the fragment's density provides more rapidly Aluminium dissolution into the molten steel and more even its distribution in the melt It ensures the decrease of the Aluminium losses and stabilization of the steel deoxidation and alloying with
Aluminium
If Aluminium part in the composite is in the limit 25-50%, the most favorable conditions for steel treatment are provided If the aluminium part in the composite is lower, the cooling influence of the composite on the melt is become stronger because of the increasing of the reinforcing component part and necessity of the increasing of the composite expenses The bigger part of the Aluminium in the composite the lower its density, worse its mixing into the melt and bigger Aluminium losses
Regulation of the C, Si, Mn, Mg, Ti, Fe content in the composite in the listed limits depends on the necessity of the reinforced component obtaining that is similar by the content to the treated steel content By the way the molten steel treatment with Al-Fe- based alloy composite doesn't change its chemical composition
Fig 2a is a drawing illustrating a process in which composite deoxidizer is dissolved, circulated in molten steel, according to the present invention As shown in Fig 1, since the density of composite deoxidizer is above 0 4, it is higher than the value of density of 0 35 when adding pure Aluminium, that is, the composite deoxidizer is fallen and then is risen when dissolving Aluminium, and the density of the composite deoxidizer is increased in proportion to the amount of the dissolved Aluminium and it is fallen That is, Aluminium having low melting point is dissolved in the molten steel, it is risen by the convection flows In the molten steel, since Aluminium is dissolved continuously, the density of the composite deoxidizer is increased and become 1 00-1 05, it is high As a result, in the molten steel, the process of dissolution of the composite deoxidizer is represented roughly as a circle type and that is, the dissolution process is repeated up and down and the aluminium is uniformly dissolved and deoxydized in the molten steel In the convention art, as shown in Fig 2b, when putting into Aluminium deoxidizer, since the density of it is low, it does not to be put into deeply in the molten steel and it is to react chemically at the position that is not deep at the necessity from the surface of the molten steel and it is formed as slag and rizen at the surface of the molten steel Accordingly, in the present invention, the quality of steel is superior to that of the conventional art, in particular, as the result of laboratory, it is manifested that the reacted deoxidizer do not affected the molten steel
Example Steel that content 0 25% C, 0 70% Mn, 0.25% Si, 0 02% S, 0 03% P is melted in the electric-furnace and at the end it is deoxidized by Aluminium in the ladle at the moment of the output of the melt outside the furnace The composite deoxidizer, contain the Aluminium is preliminarily obtained by the mixing of the carbon steel with the liquid aluminium To compare steel is deoxidized by the listed method the loading of the pure aluminium piece into the melt with steel weight Quantity of the pure aluminium and steel weight is appropriate to the expenses of the aluminium and
reinforced components
Efficiency of the steel treatment methods is evaluated with the help of ratio of the aluminium losses
Ratio of the aluminium expenses KU5ιn„ is calculated by the formula Ku ιn;= (Alre l + Al„)*100/Al∑o (1)
Where Alrebl residual content of the aluminium in the steel, %,
Al,, aluminium expenses on the linking of the dissolved oxygen in a reaction 2[Al] + 3[O] = Al2O,
Al„= ([O ,, - [O en air(2*27/3*16) (2)
[O]ιmll ll and [O]e enlu<iι the content of the dissolved oxygen in the steel before and after steel deoxidation by aluminium
Al - Aluminium expenses on the steel deoxidation, % Dissolved oxygen content is calculated as follows lg[%O] - e„"[%O] = lg a„ + ∑e„R[%R], (3) e„" and e,,R parameters of the interaction of the oxygen with oxygen with and the component of the steel R a„ activity of the oxygen in the liquid steel, %
The value of the lg a,, was determined experimentally by the loading of the electric- chemical sensing element into the liquid steel For measurement the sensor from ZrO: + 17%Y2O,with electrode of the comparison M„ + M()O2was used In this case
lg a„ = 2,685 - (10,087*E + 5,660)/T (4) Where E measured value of the Electromotive force sensing element, mV,
T temperature, K
Ratio of the aluminium losses is calculated by the formulae
- 100 - Kusmg
The ways of the steel treatment are shown in the table 1 and 2 If the aluminium expenses for steel treatment are identical(0, 1%), the Al-Fe based alloy composite expenses are higher 2-4 times than the pure aluminium's one because of the lower aluminium content in the composite
Initial density of the Al-Fe based alloy composite is 1 47-1 92 times higher than the pure aluminium's one During the dissolution process its difference is increased at the beginning of the dissolution its value is 1 52-2 04, at the end it can reach the value of 3
By the way the ratio of aluminium expenses increases from 0 46 till 0 64-0 77, it means that it increased on 39-67% Accordingly aluminium losses are decreased from 54 till 23-36%
By this invention steel treatment by aluminium ensures its efficiency Increasing by the way of improvement of the steel quality The quality is improved by deeper melt deoxizing, more stable aluminium assimilation and decreasing of the aluminium losses
Table 1.
Table 2.
Comment: ) in the denominator- deoxidizer density if compare to the liquid steel's density(6900 Kg/m ).
Claims
1 A method for manufacturing a composite deoxidizer comprising dissolving Aluminium as a matrix component, adding a metal reinforced component as a solid body into the molten
Aluminium, wherein the metal of 50-75wt% is added to Al of 25-50wt% and when comparing the molten density with the composite deoxidizer, at first stage, the deoxidizer has a low density and then when dissolving in the molten steel, its density is gradually increased
2 The method for manufacturing a composite deoxidizer according to Claim 1 , the metal reinforced component is selected by one or more of Fe, Ca, Si, Mg, Ti and REM(Rear Earth Metal)
3 The method for manufacturing a composite deoxidizer according to Claim 1 or 2, the metal reinforced component is selected by one of Fe-Mn, Fe-Si, Fe-AI, Fe-Ti, Fe- Ce
4 The method for manufacturing a composite deoxidizer according to Claim 1 or 2, the metal reinforced component is selected by one of Fe-Si-Ca, Al-Si-Ca
5 The method for manufacturing a composite deoxidizer according to Claim 1, the initial density of the deoxidizer is not less than 0 4 above, and when dissolving in the molten steel, the specific gravity of it become high continuously 1 00~1 05
6 A composite deoxidizer manufactured according to Claim 1, wherein a metal reinforced component of 50-75wt% having high melting point is dissolved into a molten metal Al of 25-50wt% having low melting point as a matrix component
7 The composite deoxidizer according to Claim 6, the composite deoxidizer contain Al, C, Si, Mn and Fe, and wherein range of ingredients is as follows(% of mass)
Al is 25-50, C is 0 05-0 90, Si is 0 05-1 50, Mn is 0 15-1.25, Fe is the rest
8 A treating method of molten steel comprising the steps of putting the composite deoxidizer, which a metal reinforced component into the molten Aluminium matrix and the initial density of the deoxidizer is not less than 0 4 above, and when dissolving in the molten steel, into the molten steel, dissolving the deoxidizer in the molten steel, the specific gravity of it become high continuously 1 00-1 05
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002391910A CA2391910A1 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2000-09-06 | Method for manufacturing composite deoxidizer of molten steel and the composite deoxidizer by using the method thereof |
| MXPA02006831A MXPA02006831A (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2000-09-06 | Method for manfacturing composite deoxidizer of molten steel and the composite deoxidizer by using the method thereof. |
| AU2000270406A AU2000270406A1 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2000-09-06 | Method for manfacturing composite deoxidizer of molten steel and the composite deoxidizer by using the method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR20000001524 | 2000-01-13 | ||
| KR2000/0001524 | 2000-01-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001051675A1 true WO2001051675A1 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
| WO2001051675A8 WO2001051675A8 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
Family
ID=19638312
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2000/001017 WO2001051675A1 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2000-09-06 | Method for manufacturing composite deoxidizer of molten steel and the composite deoxidizer by using the method thereof |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2000270406A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2391910A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02006831A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001051675A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007008181A2 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2007-01-18 | Deo Metal Sanayi Ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi | Manufacturing method for complex steel deoxidizer |
| CN112322905A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-05 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Rare earth deoxidizer for low-aluminum steel electroslag and preparation method thereof |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS50127818A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1975-10-08 | ||
| JPS50150619A (en) * | 1974-05-24 | 1975-12-03 | ||
| JPS5518545A (en) * | 1978-07-25 | 1980-02-08 | Natl Res Inst For Metals | Deoxidizing alloy for molten steel |
| JPS5518544A (en) * | 1978-07-25 | 1980-02-08 | Natl Res Inst For Metals | Deoxidizing alloy for molten steel |
| JPS62238322A (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1987-10-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Deoxidizer for steel manufacture |
| JPH05163517A (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-06-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for deoxidizing molten steel |
-
2000
- 2000-09-06 MX MXPA02006831A patent/MXPA02006831A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-09-06 CA CA002391910A patent/CA2391910A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-06 WO PCT/KR2000/001017 patent/WO2001051675A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-09-06 AU AU2000270406A patent/AU2000270406A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS50127818A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1975-10-08 | ||
| JPS50150619A (en) * | 1974-05-24 | 1975-12-03 | ||
| JPS5518545A (en) * | 1978-07-25 | 1980-02-08 | Natl Res Inst For Metals | Deoxidizing alloy for molten steel |
| JPS5518544A (en) * | 1978-07-25 | 1980-02-08 | Natl Res Inst For Metals | Deoxidizing alloy for molten steel |
| JPS62238322A (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1987-10-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Deoxidizer for steel manufacture |
| JPH05163517A (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-06-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for deoxidizing molten steel |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007008181A2 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2007-01-18 | Deo Metal Sanayi Ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi | Manufacturing method for complex steel deoxidizer |
| WO2007008181A3 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2007-12-13 | Deo Metal Sanayi Ve Ticaret Lt | Manufacturing method for complex steel deoxidizer |
| CN112322905A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-05 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Rare earth deoxidizer for low-aluminum steel electroslag and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2001051675A8 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
| CA2391910A1 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
| AU2000270406A1 (en) | 2001-07-24 |
| MXPA02006831A (en) | 2004-09-27 |
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