WO2001044666A1

WO2001044666A1 - Pumping device and pumping method

Info

Publication number: WO2001044666A1
Application number: PCT/JP2000/008786
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hidemi Ito
Original assignee: Hidemi Ito
Priority date: 1999-12-14
Filing date: 2000-12-13
Publication date: 2001-06-21

Abstract

A pumping device and pumping method, comprising a low pressure chamber (2, 20), a riser pipe (4, 40) installed so as to be able to pump up water from a water source to the low pressure chamber (2, 20), and a discharge pipe (5, 50) installed so as to be able to discharge water in the low pressure chamber (2, 20), characterized in that the inner volume and throttling shape of the discharge pipe is so designed as to satisfy the relations, Fd ? Fu and p1 ? p0 ? ?H, where atmospheric pressure is p0, the low pressure chamber's pressure p1, vertical height from the water surface to the low pressure chamber's head line H, water specific weight ?, downward force applied to the outlet Fd, and upward force applied to the outlet Fu. The pumping device and pumping method ensure continued conditions in which water is pumped from the water source to the low pressure chamber (2, 20) via the riser pipe (4, 40) and discharged from the discharge pipe (5, 50), even after the shutdown of a vacuum pump (8).

Description

Specification

Pumping device and pumping method

The present invention relates to a pumping apparatus and a pumping method for pumping water and using it as various water resources such as domestic water and irrigation, and for dropping the pumped water to use as a power source such as power generation. Background art

As a conventional pumping device, there is disclosed a technology relating to a liquid pumping device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. Hei 1-29206 and Hei 6-179798. I have. These are liquid pumping devices connected to decompression means, and are intended to pump liquids containing solids such as earth and sand to high places together with floating bodies floating on the liquid surface of the liquids. This device includes a vacuum chamber provided above the liquid surface, a vacuum pump for forming the vacuum chamber, a pumping pipe for pumping the liquid into the vacuum chamber, a mechanism for mixing air into the liquid to be pumped, It mainly consists of a discharge pipe for discharging the pumped liquid.

This device reduces the apparent specific gravity of the liquid by mixing air into the liquid to be pumped, thereby facilitating pumping.However, it is necessary to always operate a vacuum pump in the pumping operation Therefore, it always needs electricity.

In addition, a technique relating to a water pumping device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-200399 of Japanese Patent Application is also disclosed. This is a device that pumps liquid to a high place using an electric pump and atmospheric pressure acting on the surface of the liquid, and uses the pumped liquid to turn a turbine to generate electricity, use it for dam modification, and use it for irrigation. It is intended to be used and stored. This device has a vacuum filling tank at a high position, a vacuum pump, an air intake valve at the top of the vacuum filling tank, and a low-level liquid introduced into the vacuum filling tank. It mainly consists of an inlet pipe, a discharge port from the vacuum filling tank, and a discharge valve device provided at the discharge port.

This device stops the vacuum pump when the pumped liquid accumulates in the tank, opens the drain, and uses it for various purposes.Therefore, it is necessary to always operate the vacuum pump during the pumping operation. There is something.

Therefore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. Hei 1-209600, Hei 6-17798 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-239 / 1989, etc. of the above-mentioned Japanese patent applications. The technology related to the pumping equipment shown in (1) required that a vacuum pump be constantly operated during pumping work.

On the other hand, in areas where the dry season is severe, such as Bangladesh-India, foot pumps have been widely used in recent years as a means of supplying water for domestic use. This device pumps groundwater flowing several meters below the ground by pressing the pedal of a bicycle (up to 6 meters can be pumped).

However, this pumping device relies on human power to secure the required water volume only by pressing the pedal for more than 4 hours a day, and the heavy labor is a heavy burden on the residents.

If an electric pump can be used, there is no need to step on the pedals. However, in rural areas of developing countries, electricity is not widely used, and continuous use of the electric pump is impossible.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and can pump water without relying on human power, and does not need to use electricity continuously, and is an efficient and inexpensive pumping device. And to provide a pumping method. Disclosure of the invention

The pumping device of the present invention is provided with a decompression chamber that is in a decompressed state, a riser pipe that is installed so as to be able to pump water from a water source to the decompression chamber, and a riser having a height of about 10 m or less from the water surface, and is installed so that water in the decompression chamber can be discharged. A water discharge pipe is provided, the atmospheric pressure is p0, and the pressure in the decompression chamber is Pl, the vertical height from the water surface to the head of the decompression chamber is H, the specific weight of water is a, the downward force on the outlet (the sum of the pushing force by P1 and the force of the gravity of the water in the outlet pipe) Let F d be the upward force acting on the outlet (push-up force due to atmospheric pressure acting on the outlet), and let F d> F u, and pi <p 0-1 rH. In addition, the inner volume of the water discharge pipe and the shape of the water discharge port are given, and the water in the water discharge pipe is discharged by gravity and pumped from the riser pipe in conjunction with the water discharge so that the pressure in the pressure reducing chamber is kept in an equilibrium state.

According to the above-mentioned water pump, the state where water is discharged from the water discharge pipe and water is simultaneously pumped from the water intake is continuously performed.

Here, assuming that the diameter of the outlet is d, the diameter of the outlet pipe is D, and the average inclination angle of the constricted shape with respect to the horizontal is S, the ratio d / D and the average inclination angle are such that F d> Fu. Was within a predetermined range. As a result, the relationship between the diameter d of the outlet and the diameter D of the outlet required to constantly maintain the state of being discharged from the outlet at the same time as being discharged from the outlet is determined. More specifically, the ratio d ZD of the diameter d of the outlet to the diameter D of the outlet pipe is 0.03 to 0.8, more preferably 0.2 to 0.5, and the average inclination angle 0 is 10 ° to 80 °, more preferably 30 ° to 60 °. This specifically determines the relationship between the diameter d of the outlet and the diameter D of the outlet, which is required to maintain a state where the water is discharged from the outlet and at the same time is constantly pumped from the inlet.

In addition, the throttle shape of the water discharge pipe was selected so that the cross-sectional area changes continuously toward the water outlet. As a result, eddies are not generated at the outlet of the water discharge pipe, and the water is discharged smoothly.

Also, since the decompression chamber is a sphere, when evacuated, it has the strongest shape against external forces due to atmospheric pressure.

Furthermore, a vacuum pump for bringing the decompression chamber into a decompressed state and a means for stopping the vacuum pump can be provided. According to this, the vacuum pump can be operated by continuing the evacuation and sucking water into the vacuum pump. It will not break down. In addition, if an exhaust pipe is provided in the decompression chamber, and a blocking valve is provided in the middle of the exhaust pipe, the vacuum pump is pumped by drawing the vacuum and pumping the water into the decompression chamber. And then pumping without a vacuum pump is possible.

Further, in the pumping method of the present invention, the pressure in the decompression chamber connected above the water discharge pipe is evacuated to pump the water into the decompression chamber and the water discharge pipe through the rising pipe installed in the water source, and the atmospheric pressure is set to p0, The pressure in the decompression chamber is pi, the vertical height from the water surface to the head line of the decompression chamber is H, the specific weight of water is a, the downward force on the outlet (p1 pushing force and the gravity of water in the outlet pipe) Let F d be the sum of the forces due to the pressure, and F u be the upward force acting on the outlet (the push-up force exerted on the outlet by the atmospheric pressure), and F d> Fu and p 1 <p 0 — Start pumping and water discharge by opening the water discharge port using a water discharge pipe with the shape of rH.

As a result, water is pumped from the water source through the riser pipe to the vacuum chamber where the water has been evacuated, and when the outlet of the discharge pipe is opened, water is discharged from the discharge pipe and the water is simultaneously pumped from the intake port. You.

In addition, the pumping method of the present invention stores water in a decompression chamber connected above the water discharge pipe, sets the atmospheric pressure to p0, the pressure in the decompression chamber to pi, and the vertical height from the water surface to the headline of the decompression chamber. H is the specific weight of the water, and the downward force on the outlet (the sum of the pushing force due to pi and the force due to the gravity of the water in the outlet pipe) is Fd, and the upward force on the outlet (to the outlet). Let Fu denote the pressure exerted by the working atmospheric pressure) and Fd> Fu, and the pressure in the decompression chamber is equilibrated by using a water discharge pipe with the relationship of p1 and p0-rH. In order to maintain the condition, the water in the discharge pipe was discharged by gravity and pumped from the riser in conjunction with the discharge. As a result, the state where the water is discharged from the water discharge pipe and the water is discharged from the water intake continuously is maintained.

In addition, the pumping method of the present invention is characterized in that water is injected into a decompression chamber connected above a water discharge pipe, the inlet is closed, the atmospheric pressure is p0, the pressure in the decompression chamber is pi, and a riser installed at the water source The vertical height from the water surface of the decompression chamber to the head line of the decompression chamber is H, the specific gravity of water is a, the downward force applied to the outlet (p1 pushing force and water in the outlet pipe) Let F d be the sum of the forces due to the gravity of the water, and F u be the upward force applied to the outlet (push-up force due to the atmospheric pressure acting on the outlet), and F d> Fu, and p 1 <p Pumping and water discharge are started by opening the water discharge port and water intake port using a water discharge pipe having a shape of 0-rH.

As a result, when water is directly injected into the decompression chamber without evacuation and the outlet and intake of the water discharge pipe are opened, the state where water is discharged from the water discharge pipe and water is simultaneously pumped from the water intake is started. .

Further, in the water pumping method of the present invention, after pumping water into the decompression chamber and the water discharge pipe, the evacuation pipe is closed and the evacuation operation is stopped. With this, after evacuation is performed and the water is pumped into the decompression chamber, the evacuation is stopped by closing the evacuation piping, and then the pumping can be performed without using a vacuum pump.

Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description based on the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a water pump according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operation principle of the water pump according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the operating principle of the water pump according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a view for explaining a mode in which the water pump according to the present invention does not operate.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the operation principle of the water pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the operation principle of the water pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the water pump according to the present invention. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus for carrying out an experimental verification of the pumping apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a result of calculating conditions for enabling pumping and discharging in the pumping apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the water pump according to the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, embodiments of a pumping apparatus and a pumping method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

First, the configuration of an embodiment of the pumping device of the present invention will be described. As shown in Fig. 1, the pumping device 1 is roughly composed of a decompression chamber 2, a riser pipe 4, a water discharge pipe 5, and a narrowed section 7 at the outlet of the water discharge pipe 5. The groundwater is pumped up by setting the tip of the groundwater.

The decompression chamber 2 is a spherical tank into which water can be introduced, and is supported and installed above the ground G (for example, at a position of several meters) with support members 12 and 13 as shown in Fig. 1. ing. An exhaust pipe 11 for evacuation, a stop valve 16 provided in the middle of the exhaust pipe 11, and a support member 12 at the other end of the exhaust pipe 11 are used in the upper part of the decompression chamber 2. A vacuum pump 8 is installed. In addition, the vacuum pump 8 is installed so that it can be easily removed. A riser pipe 4 having one end reaching the groundwater vein and a discharge pipe 5 having a water discharge port 6 at the front end for discharging the pumped water are connected. Therefore, the water in the pressure reducing chamber 2 is configured to be movable to the riser pipe 4 and the discharge pipe 5 connected thereto.

The material of the decompression chamber 2 can be used with any material as long as it has sufficient strength so that it does not break or deform at atmospheric pressure in order to decompress the interior to a state close to vacuum. For example, stainless steel is desirable as a material that is strong because it is in contact with the material and that has both strength and cost. The riser pipe 4 is connected to the decompression chamber 2 and has the other end submerged in a groundwater vein (for example, several meters in depth), and is provided with an on-off valve 9 having a water intake 15 therein. The height X from the intake 15 to the upper limit water line (A position) in the decompression chamber 2 is set to 10 m or less (for example, 8 m). The on-off valve 9 is wired so that opening and closing can be controlled by remote control (not shown), and when energized, the on-off valve 9 is closed. When the decompression chamber 2 is decompressed by the vacuum pump 8, an intake valve 15 is provided with an on-off valve 9. The on-off valve 9 is provided so that a reduced pressure state can be created by other methods described later.

In addition, it is desirable to provide a filter (not shown) in the intake port 15 of the riser 4 to prevent intrusion of anything other than water (such as gravel). The water discharge pipe 5 is connected to the decompression chamber 2 and extends downward. The water discharge pipe 5 has a water discharge port 6 with an inner diameter d at the end through a throttle-shaped portion 7. The outlet 6 has a cross-sectional area smaller than that of the outlet pipe 5 having the inner diameter D, and smaller than that of the riser 4. The water outlet 6 is provided with an on-off valve 14 that can be opened and closed remotely.

The atmospheric pressure is p0, the pressure in the decompression chamber 2 is p1, the vertical height from the water intake 15 to the head of the decompression chamber 2 is H, the specific weight of water is A, and the downward pressure on the outlet 6 The force (p 1 plus the force due to the gravity of water in the discharge pipe 5) is F d, and the upward force on the discharge port 6 (push-up force due to the atmospheric pressure acting on the discharge port 6) is F u Then, the inner volume and the constricted shape of the water discharge pipe 5 satisfy Fd> Fu, and satisfy the relationship of p1 <p0-τΗ. As a result, when the water outlet 6 of the water discharge pipe 5 is opened after pumping into the decompression chamber 2, a predetermined amount of air enters the water discharge pipe 5 from the water discharge port 6, and then water is discharged from the water discharge pipe 5 and simultaneously from the water intake 15. Pumping is started, and the structure is such that the water in the water discharge pipe 5 is discharged by gravity and the water is raised from the riser pipe 4 in conjunction with the water discharge so that the pressure in the decompression chamber 2 is maintained in an equilibrium state. .

The shape of the throttle-shaped portion 7 will be described in detail later in the description of the operation of pumping.

Since the material of the riser pipe 4 and the water discharge pipe 5 is in the same use environment as the decompression chamber 2, stainless steel or the like is preferable.

Next, the operation of pumping water by the pumping apparatus 1 of the present invention will be described step by step with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6. At this time, the principle of pumping of the present invention will be described.

First, as shown in Fig. 1, the pumping device 1 submerges the riser 4 in the groundwater vein, installs the main unit on the ground, and operates the vacuum pump 8 to reduce the pressure. Evacuate the chamber 2, riser 4 and water discharge pipe 5. Then, the atmospheric pressure, which is almost the same as the ground surface, acts on the surface WS of the groundwater W, which is several meters below the ground, and the groundwater W rises to the decompression chamber 2 in a short time.

Here, it is known as a Toricelli experiment that water can theoretically rise to 10.33 m if the decompression chamber 2 is completely evacuated.

Therefore, in Fig. 1, the height X from the intake port 15 to the maximum water level of the decompression chamber 2 can be about 10 m, taking into account the friction loss of the riser pipe 4, etc. An experiment was conducted in Yokohama on July 16, 2012, and it was confirmed that water had risen to 0.14 m.

However, the pumping device 1 sets the pumping height X to a value slightly smaller than this limit value (for example, about 8 m) in order to allow room for the water discharge function.

In this case, if the vacuum pump 8 is kept operating, water also reaches the vacuum pump 8 via the exhaust pipe 11 and causes a failure of the vacuum pump 8, so that means for stopping the vacuum pump 8, for example, An observation window is provided in the decompression chamber 2, and when the water approaches, the vacuum pump 8 is stopped.

In order to fill the water discharge pipe 5 at least with water, the water is pumped above the X min line, preferably to a position about the height X in FIG. 1, the stop valve 16 is closed, and the vacuum pump 8 is stopped. At this point, the vacuum pump 8 can be removed from the pumping device 1 and used for other purposes, such as operating another pumping device.

Next, the on-off valve 14 of the water outlet 6 is opened. However, the water in the water discharge pipe 5 does not immediately fall, and air enters the water discharge pipe 5 as shown by an arrow E in FIG. The reason is that the pressure p 1 in the decompression chamber 2 is reduced to near vacuum, and the downward force F d for pushing out the water in the discharge pipe 5 to the lower part is reduced by the atmospheric pressure p 0. This is because it is smaller than the force F u that pushes upward.

This can be expressed as a formula:

F d <F u (1)

It becomes the relationship. This principle is based on the principle that a PET bottle is completely filled with water, a small hole is opened in the lid, and water does not fall even if it is turned upside down. When this hole is made larger than a certain size, air enters through the hole, It is understood that the water begins to fall in place of the air.

Here, it is important that the inside diameter of the water discharge port 6 be appropriately smaller than the inside diameter of the water discharge pipe 5.If the water discharge port 6 is too large, a large amount of air will be released at the moment when the on-off valve 14 of the water discharge port 6 is opened. The water is sucked into the water pipe 5 and the water in the water discharge pipe 5 drops at a stretch.

To theoretically explain these relationships, equation (1) is described in more detail as follows.

The upward force F11 acting on the outlet 6 is simple and is equal to the atmospheric pressure p0 multiplied by the cross-sectional area Sd of the outlet 6. That is,

F u = p O X S d (2)

On the other hand, the downward force F d is complicated, and is affected by the shape of the throttle-shaped portion 7 in front of the outlet 6. As shown in FIG. 3, first, the mosquito 1 acting on the volume 1 of the water immediately above the outlet 6 is given by

F l = p l XS d + r XV l (3)

Is determined by This is the sum of the force of pressure p 1 and the gravity of water of volume V 1 acting on water of volume V I (cross section S d) from above.

Here, if the surface provided with the water outlet 6 is a flat bottom as shown in Fig. 4, the force due to the volume V2 around the volume V1 balances with the reaction force N2 from the bottom Z and cancels out. Therefore, the downward force F d applied to the outlet 6 is only F 1 shown in the equation (3).

However, in the embodiment of the present invention, not only F1 exerts a downward force, but also a portion of the volume V2 around the F1 exerts a downward force due to the shape of the throttle-shaped portion 7. However, not all of the downward force F2 due to the volume V2 acts downward, but part of the downward force F2 acts.

In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the shape of the aperture-shaped portion 7 is an inverted truncated cone shape. In the case of, the component of the downward force is calculated based on FIG.

F2 is decomposed into a force F21 along the inclined surface J of the drawn portion 7 and a force F22 for pushing the inclined surface. The force F 21 along the inclined surface J is expressed as follows:

F 2 1 = F 2 Xs i n 0 (4)

Also, the force F22 pressing the slope is

F 22 = F 2 X cos 9 (5)

Becomes

Here, the force F22 pushing the slope receives the reaction force N from the slope J and conversely cancels out the forces.

However, the force F 21 along the slope J affects the outlet 6. As shown in FIG. 6, the force F 21 along the inclined surface J is broken down into a vertical force F 23 and a horizontal force F 24 as in the case of F 2.

This horizontal force F 24

F 24 = F 2 1 X cos 0 Equation (6)

Since the force F 2 is generated by the inverted truncated cone-shaped volume V 2, the forces are canceled out and balanced at the target position by the inverted truncated cone shaped central axis symmetric shape.

But the vertical force F 23 is

F 23 = F 2 1 Xs i n 0 (7)

This force acts toward the outlet 6.

Here, substituting equation (5) into equation (7) gives

F 23 = F 2 X (sin ^) ² (8)

It is expressed as

Since F 2 is the sum of the force of pressure p 1 acting on water of volume V 2 from above and the gravity of water of volume V 2,

F 2 = p 1 X (S a-S d) + r x V 2 (9)

Here, Sa is the cross-sectional area of the water discharge pipe 5.

Therefore, the downward force F d that pushes the water in the discharge pipe 5 downward is F d = F l + F 2 3

= lx S d + _r xv i + (1 x (S a-S d) + r V 2) X (sin ² (1 0)

Becomes

After opening the on-off valve 14 of the outlet 6, the water in the outlet 5 does not fall for a certain period of time, and the air continues to enter the decompression chamber 2 through the outlet 5. In this process, the pressure p 1 of the decompression chamber 2 increases until Fd> Fu.

By the way, after the on-off valve 14 is opened and the air enters the decompression chamber 2 through the water discharge pipe 5, the water level of the decompression chamber 2 gradually decreases from the position A (vertical height X). descend. At this time, the water in the riser pipe 4 is pushed by the amount of air into the decompression chamber 2 and temporarily comes out of the water intake 15.

After this air enters the decompression chamber 2, the relation of F d <F u in equation (1) changes,

F d = F u (1 1)

, The flow of air into the decompression chamber 2 stops, and then

F d> F u (1 2)

The water discharge starts from water discharge port 6.

Substituting equations (10) and (2) into equation (12) to clarify the water discharge conditions,

pl XS d + r XV l + (p 1 X (S a-S d) + r V 2) X (si η θ) ² > p OXS d (1 3)

Becomes

At the same time, pumping starts from riser 4. At this point, the water level (headline) changes depending on conditions such as the volume of the decompression chamber 2 and the inner diameter of the riser. In the experiment, the headline dropped to the position B, but after that, the position of the headline was fixed. It is known to be kept. Note that this experiment was performed in a form close to the present embodiment, as described later, and has been proven. Here, at the same time when water is discharged from the water discharge port 6, pumping starts from the riser 4. The reason is that, because the upper part of the decompression chamber 2 is closed by the stop valve 16, if water is discharged from the water outlet 6 without intrusion of air, the pressure p 1 of the decompression chamber 2 decreases, and the pressure drops. It can be qualitatively explained that pumping is possible from the riser 4 so as to supplement the above. As a result, the water in the water discharge pipe 5 is discharged by gravity and pumped from the riser pipe 4 in conjunction with the water discharge so that the pressure in the decompression chamber 2 is maintained in an equilibrium state, and the position of the headline is kept constant. Will be.

Here, the conditions under which water can be pumped from the intake 15 are shown by mathematical expressions.

As shown in Fig. 1, assuming that the height from the water surface WS of the water source to the water head line B is H, the pressure due to the weight of the water during this time is r XH (r is the specific weight of water = 100 kgf / m ^z ), and the atmospheric pressure p 0 is acting on the water surface WS.Therefore, due to the relationship between gravity and pressure acting on the fluid,

p Kp O-r XH (14)

In this case, water can be pumped.

At p 1 which satisfies the condition of this equation (14) and which satisfies the equation (1 2), specifically the equation (13), the water discharge from the water discharge port 6 and the riser pipe 4 Pumping becomes possible.

The condition that enables this state is that the inner volume V 0 (particularly V 2) of the water discharge pipe 5 and the shape of the constricted portion 7 are given so as to satisfy both the expressions (13) and (14). .

The feasibility of this condition has been confirmed in experiments, as described later, but is described below in terms of theoretical calculations.

Outer diameter of outlet 6 d = 2 mm, difference between head B and outlet 6 h

= 100 cm, inner diameter of water discharge pipe 5 D = 6 cm, inclination angle of iris 7 Θ =

When the angle is 60 °, the downward force F d and the upward force F u are calculated from the equations (10) and (2) as follows:

When p 1 = 0.0 5 kgf Z cm ² ,

F d = 5.66 kg f F u = 0. 0 3 1 kg f

When p 1 = 0.lkgf Zcm ² ,

F d-7.5 5 kgf F u = 0.0 3 1 kgf It can be seen that the downward force F d is overwhelmingly greater than the upward force F u.

When the pressure p 1 of the decompression chamber 2 is 0.05 kgf Zcm ² , the pumping capacity from the riser 4 is 9 m or more (9.5 m in theory). Water can be easily pumped into the decompression chamber 2.

In order to verify the theoretical formulas such as Eq. (13), if p 1 = 0 in full vacuum and the inclination angle of the constriction shape part 0 = 0 ° (the water discharge pipe 5 has a flat bottom shape)

When p 1 = 0 kgf Zc m ² ,

F d = 0 k g f F u = 0.03 k g f

Since Fd <Fu, it can be seen that water is not discharged.

Note that if the inclination angle of the aperture-shaped portion 7 is 0 = 0 ° (in the case of Fig. 4), even if 1 = 0.8 kgfcm ² ,

F d = 0.02 k g f F u = 0.03 k g f

It becomes Fd and Fu, so you can see that water is not discharged. In other words, it can be confirmed from the theoretical formula that the water pumping device aimed at by the present invention is not established when the outlet of the water discharge pipe 5 has a flat bottom.

Here, specific values of the inner diameter d of the water discharge port 6 and the inner diameter D of the water discharge pipe 5 were examined below.

Fig. 9 shows the upper limit of the pressure p1 in the decompression chamber 2 where water can be pumped on the horizontal axis (meaning that pumping cannot be performed if it is larger than this), and the vertical axis shows the inner diameter d of the outlet 6 and the inner diameter of the outlet pipe 5. Taking the ratio d ZD of D, calculating and plotting the upper limit of d ZD at which water can be discharged, and displaying it as a straight line.

In this figure, the inside diameter of the water discharge pipe 5 is D = 6 cm, the throttle shape of the water discharge port 6 is the inclination angle 0 = 45 °, and the height h from the water discharge port 6 of the water discharge pipe 5 to the head line is a parameter. Calculated for h = 100 cm and 200 cm.

The upper limit of the pressure p1 of the decompression chamber 2 that can be pumped is determined by the depth of the riser 4 of the pumping device 1 and the number of meters below the ground and the number of meters above the decompression chamber 2. For example, the location of the water source is 5 underground, and 2m above the ground If so obtained head line, the vertical height H = 7m, and the pumping is possible P 1 of 7m is seen in correspondence between the X 1 axis and the X 2 axis be 0. 3 kgf Zcm ^2.

Here, if the height from the headline to the water outlet 6]!] Is secured 1 m, the straight line L1 (see Fig. 9) is calculated. The meaning of this straight line L 1, so necessary for pumping of 7m pi is a 0. 3 kgf / cm ^2, the value of d ZD on the vertical axis about 0.5 corresponding thereto (Figure 9 line G 2), which means that the upper limit of dZD at which water can be discharged is 0.5.

That is, since the calculation was performed under the condition of the inner diameter D of the water discharge pipe 5 = 6 cm, it means that the water cannot be continuously discharged unless the inner diameter d of the water outlet 6 is reduced to 3 cm or less.

When h = 200 cm, the upper limit of the ratio d / D is the same under the same condition (when p 1 = 0.3 kgf / cm ^{2 on} the horizontal axis) because the gravity of water in the discharge pipe 5 is large. It is about 0.64, and d is 3.8 or less, so the design range is widened. However, when h = 200 cm, the calculation is performed under the condition of 2 m above the ground, so that it reaches the ground, which is a design limit. Therefore, it is desirable to increase the depth of the underground in order to pump deep groundwater at a deep position.Therefore, h should not be so large, and the weight of water should be secured by the inner diameter D of the discharge pipe 5. Groundwater pumping system 1 is a good design.

Therefore, in the case of groundwater pumping system 1, the pumpable Pi is usually said to be deeper than 5m in the groundwater vein, so the ratio d / D ≤ 0.5 for such applications Is desirable.

For purposes other than pumping groundwater, it is possible to set the pumping height to a small limit, for example, when pumping water from a pond. Thus, pl = 0.6 kgi / cm ² , so that the ratio is possible (1ZD = 0.8 (line G 1)), and it can be used for various purposes.

Regarding the lower limit of the ratio d ZD, the smaller the d ZD, the more room there is for the continuous water discharge limit (because the straight line L 1 falls to the left). If D is too small (d is too small), it will be squeezed too much and the amount of water discharged will be small. The water discharge amount Q will be discussed in detail later.However, at d = 0.2 cm, Q = 360 cc / s was obtained.If the water discharge amount becomes smaller, Q will decrease significantly, and other problems such as clogging with dust will occur. Occurs. Therefore, the ratio dZD = 0.2 / 6 = 0.03 is considered to be the lower limit (line G4). More preferably, the flow rate Q is sufficiently obtained, and the dZD is set so that problems such as clogging of the dust hardly occur. Is greater than or equal to 0.2 (line G3).

Here, the inside diameter D of the water discharge pipe 5 was calculated in the same manner except that D = 3 cm and 9 cm, but it was found that the value of the ratio d ZD was the OK zone in exactly the same range. Therefore, regardless of the absolute value of the inner diameter D of the water discharge pipe 5, 0.03≤dZD≤0.8, more preferably 0.2≤ (1≤0≤0.5).

Also, as the inclination angle of the aperture shape increases, the limit line L1 tends to move upward and as the inclination angle decreases, the limit line L1 tends to move downward, but the inclination is the same. Also, if the inclination angle 0 is too small, the water discharge power will be greatly reduced, and if it is too large, the length of the throttle will be long. It was found that the angle was more preferably 30 ° to 60 °.

It should be noted that the throttle shape 7 of the water discharge pipe 5 is not limited to a straight line as in this embodiment, and a curve having a continuously changing angle has a similar function. If the approximate average inclination angle is considered as, it is possible to apply the examination result of the inclination angle 上記.

From the above examination, it was numerically understood that the pumping apparatus 1 of the present embodiment can pump and drop water after the vacuum pump 8 is stopped. The results of this study have been confirmed in experiments, and the outline is described below.

The configuration of the experimental apparatus is an experimental apparatus 100 as shown in Fig. 8, and this experimental apparatus 100 is composed of a decompression chamber 20, a reservoir, a cylinder 30, a riser 40, a water discharge pipe 50, a water discharge port 60, This device is generally constituted by a throttle-shaped portion 70, and is a device for pumping water W by installing the tips of four risers 40 in a water tank 103. In addition, The decompression chamber 20, water tank 30, riser pipe 40, water discharge pipe 50, water discharge port 60, and iris-shaped part 70 are all made of glass so that the inside can be clearly seen. To further explain the configuration of the experimental apparatus 100, the decompression chamber 200 is a spherical tank into which water can be introduced, and has an internal volume of about 20 liters and a total height of about 2 meters. The riser 40 is installed as shown in Fig. 8. An evacuation pipe 110 is provided above the decompression chamber 20 so that evacuation can be performed, and an obstruction plug 160 is provided at the end of the evacuation pipe 110. In addition, a water reservoir 30 at the lower part of the decompression chamber 20, a rising pipe 40 reaching one end to the water tank 103, and a water discharge pipe 50 having a water discharge port 60 at the end to discharge the pumped water W 50. Is connected.

The water storage cylinder 30 is located below the decompression chamber 20 and is connected to the decompression chamber 20.If the decompression chamber 20 is compared to a human head, the water storage cylinder 30 has a cylindrical shape corresponding to a body, and has a shoulder. The riser pipe 40 extends downward from the part, and has a shape connected to the water discharge pipe 50 below. Its internal volume is about 14 liters. Therefore, the water in the upper part of the water storage tank 30 is configured to be movable to any of the connected decompression chamber 20, riser pipe 40, and water discharge pipe 50.

The inner diameter of the riser 40 is 2.1 cm, and a water intake 150 is provided at the lower part of the riser 40 in the water of the water tank 103. Is plugged into the intake 150.

The water discharge pipe 50 is connected to the water storage cylinder 30 and extends downward, and has a water discharge port 60 at its end through a throttle-shaped portion 70, and an inner diameter of the water discharge pipe 50 is about 3 cm. And the length is about 15 cm. Further, the throttle shape portion 70 is configured such that the cross-sectional area of the water discharge pipe 50 smoothly changes toward the water discharge port 60.

The shape of the throttle shape portion 70 is designed and studied so as to be able to stably maintain a state of pumping water from the water intake port 15 to the water storage cylinder 3 and discharging water from the water discharge port 6. (Molded glass tube).

The diameter of the water outlet 60 is d 1 = 2 mm, and the water outlet 60 is provided with a water stopcock 140. The water tank 103 is filled with water as shown in Fig. 8. Has been done.

Using this experimental apparatus 100, the principle of pumping and falling of the pumping apparatus 1 described in the above embodiment was confirmed as follows.

First of all, it was confirmed by preliminary experiments that water rises to 10.14 m by evacuating the decompression chamber with a vacuum pump, as described above. Using. That is, water was directly filled with water from the exhaust port 110 on the upper part of the decompression chamber 20, and the exhaust port 110 was closed with the plug 160, creating the same situation as when the chamber was evacuated.

This state corresponds to a state in which water is raised to a predetermined height X, the stop valve 16 is closed, and the vacuum pump 8 is stopped, as described in the embodiment. At this point, the pressure in the decompression chamber 20 is not reduced, but since the pressure in the decompression chamber 20 is full, a decompression state is instantaneously formed in a state where water is discharged.

Here, two methods were tested. One method is to remove the water stopcock 140 first and then the water stopcock 102 (a). The other is to remove the water stopcock 102 first and then stop the water stopcock 140 (B).

First, the experimental results in the case (a) will be described.

Pull out the water stopcock 140 first and then without interruption (about 1 second in time). After pulling out the water stopcock 102, air passes from the water discharge port 60 to the water discharge pipe 50 and the water storage tank 30. And enter the decompression chamber 20. This state continued for a while, and the water level in the decompression chamber 20 dropped to line C in Fig. 8.

And the water discharge started from the water outlet 60. It was found that this water discharge state was continuous even after 1 hour, and that the water head line C remained unchanged at the position of C in Fig. 8.

This fact is considered to be because the pressure p1 in the decompression chamber 20 does not change and water is pumped up from the riser pipe 40 by the amount discharged from the water discharge port 60, and the above-mentioned embodiment is established. Prove.

Next, pull out the water faucet 102 first by the method (b), and then without interruption (about 1 second if it is timely), then pull out the water faucet 140, and in this case also in the case of (a) It has been found that the same phenomenon occurs.

Therefore, it was found that the pumping / falling of the above-mentioned embodiment was established by either method.

Then, in order to estimate how much the pumped water can actually be obtained, next, a table-top study of the flow rate flowing out of the outlet 6 was performed.

It is known in the field of fluid dynamics that Bernoulli's theorem can be applied to the flow in an incompressible fluid that constantly flows in a gravitational field, based on the energy immortality theorem. The Berne ■ ~ ^ r theorem is that if the velocity of a flow is v, the pressure is p, and the height from the reference plane is h,

V ² / (2 g) + p / r + = constant (15)

It is expressed as

Here, g is the gravitational acceleration (= 9.8 mZs ² ), and a is the specific weight of the liquid.

V ² / (2 g) is called the velocity head and indicates the kinetic energy of a unit weight of fluid.

pZr is called the pressure head and indicates the pressure energy of a unit weight of fluid.

H is called the potential head and indicates the potential energy of a unit weight of fluid.

Therefore, for a flow in an incompressible fluid that constantly flows in a gravitational field, the total energy, which is the sum of kinetic energy, pressure energy, and potential energy, is constant.

By simply applying the Bernoulli's theorem to the flow of water in the water discharge pipe 5 from the water discharge port 6 in the present embodiment, the position of the water head line C (the speed here is V 1 and the height is h1) and the position of the outlet 6 (the velocity here is V2, the height is h2, and the pressure is P0 at atmospheric pressure). ,

V 1 ² / (2 g) + p 1 / r + h 1

= v 2 ² Z (2 g) 10 p 0 10 h 2 (16) Becomes

However, while the pressure energy at the outlet of the outlet 6 is p OZr, the pressure energy at the position C is not only the force of the pressure P 1 acting on the water of the volume V 2 in the outlet pipe 5 from above, but also It is considered that the force F23 / Sd exerted on the cross-sectional area Sd of the outlet 6 by F2 in Eq. (9), which is the total gravity of water of volume V2,

p l / r + F 23 / S d

And the pressure energy at position C is represented.

In addition, since the speed V 1 at the position C is overwhelmingly slower than the speed V 2 of the water discharge port 6 whose flow passage area is narrowed, it can be calculated with V 1 = 0. (This is common in the field of fluid mechanics.)

The difference between the position of the headline C and the position of the outlet 6 is h.

(p l + F 2 3 / S d) / r + h

= v 2 ² / (2 g) + p O / r (17)

Becomes

Solving (17) for v 2 gives

V 2 = "[2 g · ((F 23 / (S d-r) + h)

One (p 0-1) / rl]

Equation (18)

Here, according to Toricelli's theorem, which is generally known in hydrodynamics, when P l = p 0 and F 2 = 0, substituting these into equation (18) gives

V 2 = / "(2 g h) (1 9)

This is one of the verifications of equation (18).

Here is an example of calculating equation (18) with numerical values.

The average inclination angle θ of the aperture shape part 70 is about 45 °.

Assuming ρ 1 = 0.05 kgf Zc m ² ,

Flow velocity v 2 = 930 cm / s

By multiplying this flow velocity V 2 by the cross-sectional area of the outlet 60, Flow Q = 360 cc / s

Is calculated.

This flow rate is said to be about 15 cc Z s, which is said to be able to pump out about 15 cc Zs of water. Thus, it can be understood that the pumping apparatus 1 of the present invention has a sufficient capacity even if it falls below the theoretical formula in consideration of

By the way, in the above embodiment, the principle of the present invention has been mainly described, but it is apparent that the device can be modified within a range in which the above principle is satisfied.

As another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, water transferred from a remote water source S to a position T near the pumping unit 50 by a pumping pump U is substantially the same as the pumping unit 1 described above. A pumping apparatus 50 having the above configuration is used. Here, the riser pipe 4 is configured to be inclined and pumped up.

In this configuration, it is sufficient that the pump U has the ability to transfer water to the position T. After the evacuation chamber 2 is evacuated by the water pump 50 of this embodiment and pumped into the evacuation chamber 2, when the on-off valve 14 of the outlet 6 is opened, the gravity of the water in the outlet pipe 5 and the outlet of the outlet 5 Water is discharged by the squeezing shape 7 of. In addition, since the pressure of the remote pump U acts on the lower position T of the riser 4 and flows smoothly by the inclined riser 4, pumping from the riser 4 is easily performed. According to this embodiment, the pumping pump U is used for the water transferred from the remote water source S to the position T near the pumping device 50 by the pumping pump U by using the pumping device 50. Even with low capacity, water can be pumped to high places, low-cost equipment can supply inexpensive water, and it can be widely used for domestic water and irrigation water.

Further, in each embodiment of the present invention, the decompression chamber 2 is evacuated by a vacuum pump or the like to form a decompression state. However, as described in the experiment of the experimental apparatus 100, water is directly supplied to the decompression chamber. As described in the experiment with the experimental apparatus 100, it is also possible to start pumping and discharging water by injecting water (closing the water intake) and opening the water discharge port and water intake when the water is full. . This eliminates the need for a vacuum pump and has a great effect that the present invention can be implemented even in places where there is no electricity. (The intake and outlet valves can be operated by batteries, and It is possible to use a simple on-off valve).

Further, in each embodiment of the present invention, water has been described as an example. However, it is clear that the invention is not limited to fresh water, but can be applied to seawater and other liquids, and is a technology that can be used in various fields.

For example, by installing an ascending pipe of this pumping device in the deep sea and pumping it from there, low-temperature deep seawater can be easily pumped up and used for cooling.

If the groundwater temporarily drops or a part of the pipe leaks, the vacuum will not be applied when the groundwater comes again or after repairing the leaked area. It goes without saying that the same pumping / falling state can be formed again by exhausting the water with a pump.

Also, if the equilibrium state of pumping and discharging is disrupted by some disturbance factor (for example, when impurities other than water are pumped), operate the vacuum pump periodically to maintain the degree of decompression in the decompression chamber. It is also possible.

Further, as a stopping means of the vacuum pump 8, a water level sensor (not shown) may be provided in the decompression chamber 2, and the vacuum pump 8 may be automatically stopped in response to the signal.

Alternatively, the stopping means of the vacuum pump 8 may grasp the time required to reach the required water level, and stop the vacuum pump 8 by time management such as a timer until the required time is reached.

Although the decompression chamber 2 is spherical in the embodiment, the decompression chamber 2 is not limited to a spherical shape because it functions as a rectangular parallelepiped as long as it has pressure resistance. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the upper part may be spherical and the lower part may be provided with a cylindrical water reservoir 3. With this shape, the connecting portion between the riser pipe 4 and the water discharge pipe 5 becomes flat, so that there is an advantage that the riser pipe 4 and the water discharge pipe 5 can be easily connected and the device can be easily manufactured. In addition, if the water pump is used under the water discharge pipe of the present invention to turn a water turbine and connect a generator, it is easily considered that inexpensive power can be obtained. If the pumping devices of the present invention are connected in multiple stages, the water discharge position can be raised, and more effective power generation becomes possible.

In addition, it is conceivable to use the pumping device of the present invention for the propulsion power, braking force and steering force of a ship. In other words, if a riser is provided at the bow and a water discharge pipe is provided at the stern, propulsion can be exerted, and it can be used as a supplement to existing power. Conversely, if a riser pipe and a water discharge pipe are provided, braking force can be obtained. Furthermore, if the pumping device of the present invention is used on the left and right sides of the ship, and two pumping devices are provided with the riser pipe and the water discharge pipe reversed, left and right turning becomes possible. Industrial applicability

As described above, according to the present invention, after operating the vacuum pump, the pump is stopped at the stage of pumping water into the decompression chamber, and the decompression chamber is closed. This makes it possible to provide a highly efficient and inexpensive pumping device without the need for continuous use of electricity.

In addition, if a water wheel is turned using this pumping device, a power generator can be easily established, and an effect that inexpensive power can be obtained can be obtained. Also, if this pumping device is connected in multiple stages, water can be pumped to high places, and it can be used for highland living water and irrigation.

By extending the riser pipe of this pumping device to the deep sea and pumping it from there, low-temperature deep seawater can be easily pumped and used for cooling.

Further, the pumping device of the present invention can be used for propulsion power, braking force and steering force of a ship.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. Equipped with a decompression chamber that is decompressed, a riser pipe that can be pumped from a water source to the decompression chamber and that is about 10 m or less in height from the water surface, and a water discharge pipe that can discharge water in the decompression chamber. The atmospheric pressure is p O, the pressure in the decompression chamber is pi, the vertical height from the water surface to the head of the decompression chamber is H, the specific weight of water is A, the downward force applied to the outlet (p 1 force) Let F d be the sum of the forces due to the gravity of the water in the outlet pipe and the upward force applied to the outlet (push-up force due to atmospheric pressure acting on the outlet).

F d> F u and p i − p O— rH

The inner volume of the water discharge pipe and the shape of the outlet of the water discharge port are given so that the pressure in the pressure reduction chamber is maintained in an equilibrium state, and the water in the water discharge pipe rises in conjunction with the water discharge by gravity and the water discharge A pumping device that pumps water from a pipe.

2. In the pumping apparatus according to claim 1, when the diameter of the water outlet is d, the diameter of the water discharge pipe is D, and the average inclination angle of the throttle shape with respect to the horizontal is 0, Fd>

A pumping apparatus characterized in that the ratio d ZD and the average inclination angle 0 are within predetermined ranges so as to be Fu.

3. The pumping apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio d ZD of the diameter d of the outlet to the diameter D of the outlet pipe is from 0.3 to 0.8, more preferably from 0.2 to 0.5, and A pumping apparatus characterized in that the average inclination angle S is 10 ° to 80 °, more preferably 30 ° to 60 °.

4. The pumping device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water outlet pipe has a throttle shape whose cross-sectional area continuously changes toward the water outlet.

5. The pumping device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the decompression chamber is a sphere.

6. The water pump according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a vacuum pump for depressurizing the decompression chamber and means for stopping the vacuum pump.

7. The pumping device according to claim 1, wherein an exhaust pipe is provided in the pressure reducing chamber, and a blocking valve is provided in the exhaust pipe.

8. Vacuum the decompression chamber connected above the water discharge pipe to pump water to the decompression chamber and the water discharge pipe via the riser installed at the water source, and set the atmospheric pressure to p0, the pressure in the decompression chamber to pl, and the water surface. Is the vertical height from the head to the head of the decompression chamber, H is the specific gravity of water, and F d is the downward force applied to the outlet (the sum of the pushing force by p 1 and the force of gravity of the water in the outlet pipe). If the upward force on the outlet (push-up force due to atmospheric pressure acting on the outlet) is F u,

F d> Fu, and p i−p 0—rH

A pumping method that starts pumping and water discharge by opening a water discharge port using a water discharge pipe having the following relationship.

9. Water is stored in the decompression chamber connected above the water discharge pipe, the atmospheric pressure is ρ0, the pressure in the decompression chamber is Ρ1, the vertical height from the water surface to the head of the decompression chamber is Η, and the specific weight of water The downward force on the outlet (the sum of the pushing force due to ρ1 and the force due to the gravity of the water in the outlet pipe) is Fd, and the upward force on the outlet (push-up force due to the atmospheric pressure acting on the outlet). Is F u,

F d> F u, and p i ρ θ—

A water pumping method that uses a water discharge pipe with the following relationship to discharge water from the water discharge pipe by gravity and pumps water from the riser pipe in conjunction with the water discharge so that the pressure in the decompression chamber is kept in an equilibrium state.

1 0. Inject water into the decompression chamber connected above the water discharge pipe, close the inlet, set the atmospheric pressure to ρ0, the pressure in the decompression chamber to pi, and the head of the decompression chamber from the surface of the riser installed at the water source. The vertical height to the line is H, the specific weight of the water is a, and the downward force on the outlet (the sum of the pushing force by P1 and the force of gravity of the water in the outlet pipe)

Let F d denote the upward force acting on the outlet (push-up force due to atmospheric pressure acting on the outlet) as F u

F d> F u and p l <p 0—rH

By using a water discharge pipe with the shape of Pumping method to start pumping and discharging.

11. The pumping method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein after pumping water to the decompression chamber and the water discharge pipe, the evacuation pipe is closed and the evacuation operation is stopped.