WO2001037494A2 - Etalement des acces dans un systeme radio de donnees en paquets - Google Patents

Etalement des acces dans un systeme radio de donnees en paquets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001037494A2
WO2001037494A2 PCT/SE2000/002133 SE0002133W WO0137494A2 WO 2001037494 A2 WO2001037494 A2 WO 2001037494A2 SE 0002133 W SE0002133 W SE 0002133W WO 0137494 A2 WO0137494 A2 WO 0137494A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
packet data
terminal
message
access
time interval
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2000/002133
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2001037494A3 (fr
Inventor
Erik Westerberg
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority to AU15642/01A priority Critical patent/AU1564201A/en
Priority to EP00978156A priority patent/EP1230763A2/fr
Priority to JP2001538341A priority patent/JP2003515274A/ja
Publication of WO2001037494A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001037494A2/fr
Publication of WO2001037494A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001037494A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/006—Transmission of channel access control information in the downlink, i.e. towards the terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H04W74/0833—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and system for spreading access attempts in a packet data system.
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • GPRS overlays a packet based wireless interface on the existing circuit switched GSM network. Information is transmitted in packets which are reassembled at the receiving site. Radio resources are used only when packets are being sent or received. This allows multiple users to share radio resources, in contrast to circuit switched connections in which each mobile data user is assigned a dedicated channel. This results in efficient use of the radio spectrum. Further, the packet-based approach of GPRS allows a seamless connection to the Internet from a mobile personal computer.
  • GPRS Global System for Mobile Communications
  • real-time betting In a typical real-time betting environment, participants place bets during an event based on projections of what might happen during the event. For instance, real- time betting can involve betting by spectators in a sporting arena in the course of a game or match. For instance, the participants could place bets on who will score the next goal, or whether an upcoming power play (in the game of ice hockey) will result in a goal or not.
  • Other applications include betting on horse races, quiz or game shows.
  • Related application include bidding at auctions, buying and selling securities, polling audiences, etc.
  • Implementation of these applications may require changes in the dimensioning of the radio system. For instance, in a real-time betting scenario, many people (e.g.. several thousand) will place their bets within a short period of time, for example, 10-30 seconds. This surge in betting activity places a heavy load on the resources of the radio network. GPRS systems and other packet data radio systems may be incapable of handling applications with these characteristics.
  • a potential problem with applications like the real-time betting and voting is that they induce large peaks in the number of random access attempts to the system.
  • a bet is to be placed within 30 seconds. It is likely that most participants will respond to the bet during the last 10 seconds of the given 30 second period. With a typical configuration providing a random access capacity of 40 attempts per second, this constraint limits the number of participants per cell to 400. If more than 400 participants choose to participate in the bet, the Random Access Channel may become jammed due to access burst collisions. This would effectively stall the GPRS service in the cell. Note that since all applications share the same Random Access Channels, the GPRS service would be stalled for all GPRS applications, not just the betting applications. This situation would be, of course, clearly unsatisfactory to the system operator.
  • the uplink resources are conceptually (and often physically) divided into two groups.
  • a mobile station performs an initial uplink access when no resources are dedicated to that mobile station.
  • the network reserves radio resources for the mobile station radio resources from a
  • the Access Channel Group consists of the Packet Random Access Channel (PRACH) or possibly the Random Access Channel (RACH).
  • PRACH Packet Random Access Channel
  • RACH Random Access Channel
  • the logical channels in the Dedicated Resource Channel Group in GPRS (on the uplink) consist of the Packet Data Traffic Channel (PDTCH).
  • PDTCH Packet Data Traffic Channel
  • PACCH Packet Associated Control Channel
  • PTCCH Packet Timing Control Channel
  • the timing of the transmissions from the mobile station to the network is essentially random.
  • Two mobile stations may independently decide to transmit access bursts to the system at the same time. When this happens, the network is unable to decode either of the access bursts, and both access attempts fail.
  • the Random Access Channel has to be properly dimensioned. When the number of random access attempts is larger than approximately 20% of the bare capacity of the Random Access Channel, the performance of the system rapidly deteriorates. This means that the effective random access capacity is roughly 20% of the bare capacity of the Random Access Channel. In GPRS, the effective capacity of the random access channel is between 40 and 320 random access attempts per second depending on the specific channel configuration.
  • the random access capacity is no more than 40 attempts per second. While sufficient for most applications, this is not enough when thousands of real-time betters try to access the system simultaneously.
  • An overload in the RACH of a GPRS system is illustrated in Figure 1. As indicated there, multiple users respond to a bet at approximately the same time close to the end of the deadline for the bet, thereby exceeding the effective RACH capacity of the radio system (which is denoted by a dashed line). As mentioned above, this can result in the stalling of all GPRS service. More specifically, it may be impossible to contact the GPRS system during and some time after the peak period.
  • Another technique partly ameliorates the problem of collisions by allowing the radio system to recover after the access peak by performing a "back off" procedure upon access failure.
  • this method when a user receives no response to a first access attempt, an assumption is made that a collision has occurred. The user then transmits a second attempt at a random time interval following the first attempt. If the second attempt also fails, a third attempt is made at another randomly selected time. The interval between requests can be lengthened upon each failure to further spread the accesses over a longer time period. In this manner, access congestion is eventually resolved, since users are forced to wait for progressively longer intervals of time before they make access retries.
  • the identified conventional approaches have a number drawbacks.
  • the conventional techniques cannot prevent access congestion from occurring; these technique only resolve the situation once congestion occurs.
  • these techniques affect all applications in the system; they cannot be applied to some applications and not others.
  • the conventional techniques are implemented as part of the packet data radio system rather than on an application level. This introduces complicated dependencies between the applications and the specific packet data radio system.
  • the communication system can include an application host communicatively coupled to a plurality of terminals via a packet data system, the packet data system employing a random access channel.
  • the technique comprises transmitting messages from the application host to respective terminals via the packet data system, each of the messages including an access description element which specifies a time interval.
  • Each terminal receives its respective message and generates a reply thereto.
  • This reply is performed by making an initial uplink access on the random access channel.
  • the network reserves radio resources for the terminal for use in conducting communication between the application host and the terminal.
  • the initial access is transmitted following a lapse of the time interval specified in the message.
  • the application host specifies different time intervals for different terminals. Accordingly, the access attempts made by the terminals are spread out over time. The distribution of access attempts ensures that the access attempts do not exceed the capacity of the random access channel.
  • the technique can be implemented at the application level and is independent from the packet data system. As such, the technique does not require any special protocol for interaction between the application level and the packet data system. Further, because the technique is entirely implemented in the application layer, the technique does not directly affect those applications which do not use access spreading.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of access attempts in a real-time betting application in a conventional system
  • Figure 2 shows a radio network which can be used to implement the access spreading technique of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating the access spreading technique of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a timing diagram showing a sequence of events in one example of the accessing spreading technique of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the distribution of access attempts in a real-time betting application according to the present invention.
  • the discussion is framed in the context of real-time betting or voting.
  • the principles discussed herein can be applied to any packet data system which can benefit from the reduction of congestion in the access channel.
  • the access spreading technique is described in the context of the GSM/GPRS system. However, the access spreading technique can be applied to other packet data systems, including D-AMPS/EDGE, IS-95 and future wideband systems such as UMTS and CDMA2000.
  • FIG. 2 shows an overview of a system 1 which can implement the access spreading technique of the present invention.
  • the system includes an application host (or server) 4.
  • the application host 4 administers the application.
  • the application host 4 is the server responsible for formulating the bets, communicating the betting conditions to the corresponding applications residing in terminal equipment 5 , receiving the bets from the terminal equipment 5 and administrating the results of the bets.
  • the logic used to perform these tasks can be implemented in software, discrete logic circuitry or combination thereof.
  • the application host 4 is communicatively coupled to a GPRS system 7.
  • the GPRS system 7 provides communication between the application host 4 and the terminal equipment 5.
  • the architecture of the GPRS system 7 is specified in TS GSM 03.60, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the GPRS system 7 includes a GPRS network 2, which, in turn, includes a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and a GPRS Base Station System (GPRS BSS), as known to those skilled in the art.
  • GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
  • SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
  • GPRS BSS GPRS Base Station System
  • the GPRS network 2 is communicatively coupled to one or more GSM/GPRS base stations 6.
  • the base station(s) 6 are communicatively coupled to a mobile station 3, which may comprise a GPRS radio unit, via wireless (e.g. , radio) communication.
  • the mobile station 3 also directly interfaces with the terminal equipment 5.
  • the terminal equipment 5 can be a laptop computer, a smart phone, or any other device capable of running an application and interfacing with the mobile station 3.
  • the application logic resides in the terminal equipment 5 and can be implemented as software, discrete logic circuitry or combination thereof.
  • FIG 3 is a flow chart illustrating the access spreading technique in the specific exemplary context of a real-time betting application.
  • the betting application in the application host 4 creates a message (Betting Offer Message) that contains the betting conditions as well as an Access Description Element.
  • the Access Description Element contains information which specifies when the application in the terminal equipment 5 shall respond to the system. For example, the Access Description Element could tell the application to send the response at a time t, where t is a random time between 10 seconds and 30 seconds after the reception of the Betting Offer Message.
  • the Betting Offer Message is transported to the terminal equipment 5.
  • the betting offer is displayed to the end user.
  • step S5 the system determines the time at which a Response Message should be sent to the mobile station 3.
  • step S6 the terminal equipment 5 submits the Response Message to the mobile station 3.
  • step S7 the mobile station 3 accesses the system on the Random Access Channel according to standard GPRS procedures.
  • step S8 the Response Message is transmitted to the application host 4.
  • the Access Description Element in the Betting Offer Message assures that the responses from the terminal equipment 5 are spread out evenly over a prescribed time period (e.g.. in one exemplary case, about 10 to 30 seconds) after the reception of the Betting Offer Message. Since the GPRS mobile station 3 sends an access burst on the Random Access Channel immediately after the reception of the Response Message from the terminal equipment 5 , the access bursts are also spread evenly over the same period of time. As such, the overload of the Random Access Channel can be avoided.
  • a prescribed time period e.g. in one exemplary case, about 10 to 30 seconds
  • Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a specific example of the technique of Figure 3.
  • the application host 4 has constructed a bet with betting alternatives A and B.
  • the application host 4 needs the responses from the end users within 60 seconds .
  • the present spreading technique there would be a great risk that the replies from the end users would congest the Random Access Channel, as previously illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the application host 4 inserts a requirement in the Betting Offer Message that the end user has to choose one of the alternatives A and B within 20 seconds after the reception of the Betting Offer Message.
  • the application host 4 provides an Access Description Element that instructs the betting application in the terminal equipment 5 to stall sending of the reply and to submit the response to the mobile station 3 at a random time between 20 and 55 seconds after the reception of the Betting Offer Message.
  • the events shown in Figure 4 correspond to the steps shown in Figure 3.
  • the Betting Offer Message is forwarded and displayed to the user in events 1-3.
  • the Betting Offer Message specifies that the user has 20 seconds to respond to the bet. Providing that the user responds in this time interval (as determined in event 4), the terminal equipment 5 will send the reply to the mobile station 3 after stalling for a random time between 20 and 55 seconds (in events 5 and 6).
  • the mobile station 5 receives the reply, it immediately forwards it to the application host 4 via the GPRS system (in events 7 and 8).
  • the technique described above has the effect of distributing the betting replies over a time interval. As a consequence, the traffic on the Random Access Channel does not exceed the capacity of this channel at any time.
  • the above-described technique effectively addresses problems encountered with access-intense applications, such as real-time betting.
  • the present technique operates on an application level rather than in the packet data radio system itself.
  • the technique provides a design that is tailored to each application to control the access load from that particular application to avoid access congestion.
  • the technique can make the access spreading transparent to other applications. For instance, while the access spreading increases the average access time for the particular application, other applications do not experience any delay in their access time.
  • the technique is entirely confined to the application layer, it works equally well for all packet data radio systems, and it does not induce any complicated relations between the betting application and the packet data radio system.
  • the spreading technique is not limited to the GRPS or
  • the technique can be used, for instance, in the D- AMPS/EDGE, IS-95, UMTS, UTRA, CDMA 2000 systems, and generally any packet data radio systems using random access channels. Further, the technique has application to other types of networks, including networks with hardwired links (e.g. , networks that do not use wireless communication).

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une technique servant à étaler les tentatives d'accès dans un système de communications. A cet effet, on émet à destination des différents terminaux des messages d'un hôte d'application via un système de données en paquets, chacun des messages comportant un élément de description d'accès spécifiant un intervalle de temps. En l'occurrence, une fois que chaque terminal a reçu le message qui le concerne, il produit une réponse à ce message. Cette réponse se matérialise par un accès initial en liaison montante sur le canal d'accès aléatoire, à la suite de quoi, le réseau réserve pour le terminal des ressources radio qui lui permettront de mener les communications entre l'hôte d'application et le terminal. L'émission de l'accès initial intervient rapidement après une infime partie de l'intervalle de temps correspondant aux différents terminaux. L'étalement dans le temps des tentatives d'accès par les terminaux permet de réduire les encombrements dans le canal d'accès aléatoire.
PCT/SE2000/002133 1999-11-15 2000-10-31 Etalement des acces dans un systeme radio de donnees en paquets WO2001037494A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU15642/01A AU1564201A (en) 1999-11-15 2000-10-31 Access spreading in a packet data radio system
EP00978156A EP1230763A2 (fr) 1999-11-15 2000-10-31 Etalement des acces dans un systeme radio de donnees en paquets
JP2001538341A JP2003515274A (ja) 1999-11-15 2000-10-31 パケットデータ無線システムにおけるアクセス拡散

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US44027899A 1999-11-15 1999-11-15
US09/440,278 1999-11-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001037494A2 true WO2001037494A2 (fr) 2001-05-25
WO2001037494A3 WO2001037494A3 (fr) 2001-12-06

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PCT/SE2000/002133 WO2001037494A2 (fr) 1999-11-15 2000-10-31 Etalement des acces dans un systeme radio de donnees en paquets

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EP (1) EP1230763A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003515274A (fr)
CN (1) CN1390410A (fr)
AU (1) AU1564201A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001037494A2 (fr)

Cited By (8)

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EP1286505A1 (fr) * 2001-08-23 2003-02-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Procédé de compensation du délais de propagation dans un réseau de communication de données de point à multipoint
WO2004086653A1 (fr) * 2003-03-25 2004-10-07 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Procede de commande d'acces aleatoire, station de base et dispositif terminal
WO2006048033A1 (fr) * 2004-11-03 2006-05-11 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Procede et dispositif pour l'optimisation des performances d'un reseau de distribution de donnees
EP2509384A1 (fr) * 2009-12-02 2012-10-10 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Procédé et appareil d'accès au réseau
US9805549B2 (en) 2003-04-10 2017-10-31 Cantor Index Llc Real-time interactive wagering on event outcomes
US10074244B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2018-09-11 Cfph, Llc Products and processes for processing information related to weather and other events
US10410283B2 (en) 2004-06-07 2019-09-10 Cfph, Llc System and method for managing transactions of financial instruments
US10475278B2 (en) 2000-05-01 2019-11-12 Interactive Games Llc Real-time interactive wagering on event outcomes

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US7545827B2 (en) * 2004-02-13 2009-06-09 Hong Kong Applied Science And Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Busy tone for wireless networks
US7890396B2 (en) 2005-06-07 2011-02-15 Cfph, Llc Enhanced system and method for managing financial market information
CN100347999C (zh) * 2005-10-28 2007-11-07 清华大学 到达业务处理与到达业务前处理衔接的网络业务处理方法
US7715864B2 (en) * 2006-09-13 2010-05-11 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Arrangement and method for contention-based multi-access in a wireless communication system
WO2008087941A1 (fr) * 2007-01-19 2008-07-24 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Dispositif de station de base, station mobile, système de communication mobile et procédé de commande de communication
US20090185526A1 (en) * 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Method and Apparatus for a Dynamic Create/Change of Service Flows
CN105101370B (zh) * 2015-07-29 2021-05-14 青岛海尔智能家电科技有限公司 一种数据的连接方法、装置及wifi模块

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WO1998024250A2 (fr) * 1996-11-27 1998-06-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Procede et appareil ameliorant les performances d'un systeme de communication par paquets

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WO1998024250A2 (fr) * 1996-11-27 1998-06-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Procede et appareil ameliorant les performances d'un systeme de communication par paquets

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10475278B2 (en) 2000-05-01 2019-11-12 Interactive Games Llc Real-time interactive wagering on event outcomes
US11127249B2 (en) 2000-05-01 2021-09-21 Interactive Games Llc Real-time interactive wagering on event outcomes
US7251240B2 (en) 2001-08-23 2007-07-31 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method for transmitting data and compensating for propagation delay in point-to-multipoint data communication network
EP1286505A1 (fr) * 2001-08-23 2003-02-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Procédé de compensation du délais de propagation dans un réseau de communication de données de point à multipoint
WO2004086653A1 (fr) * 2003-03-25 2004-10-07 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Procede de commande d'acces aleatoire, station de base et dispositif terminal
US10559164B2 (en) 2003-04-10 2020-02-11 Cantor Index Llc Real-time interactive wagering on event outcomes
US9805549B2 (en) 2003-04-10 2017-10-31 Cantor Index Llc Real-time interactive wagering on event outcomes
US11263867B2 (en) 2003-04-10 2022-03-01 Cantor Index, Llc Real-time interactive wagering on event outcomes
US10410283B2 (en) 2004-06-07 2019-09-10 Cfph, Llc System and method for managing transactions of financial instruments
US11205225B2 (en) 2004-06-07 2021-12-21 Cfph, Llc System and method for managing transactions of financial instruments
WO2006048033A1 (fr) * 2004-11-03 2006-05-11 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Procede et dispositif pour l'optimisation des performances d'un reseau de distribution de donnees
US10074244B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2018-09-11 Cfph, Llc Products and processes for processing information related to weather and other events
US10657772B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2020-05-19 Cfph, Llc Products and processes for processing information related to weather and other events
US11562628B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2023-01-24 Cfph, Llc Products and processes for processing information related to weather and other events
EP2680660A1 (fr) * 2009-12-02 2014-01-01 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Procédé d'accès au réseau, station de base et système d'accès au réseau pour la randomisation du temps d'accès au réseau
EP2897437A1 (fr) * 2009-12-02 2015-07-22 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Appareil pour la randomisation du temps d'accès au réseau
EP2509384A4 (fr) * 2009-12-02 2012-10-31 Huawei Tech Co Ltd Procédé et appareil d'accès au réseau
EP2509384A1 (fr) * 2009-12-02 2012-10-10 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Procédé et appareil d'accès au réseau

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1390410A (zh) 2003-01-08
EP1230763A2 (fr) 2002-08-14
JP2003515274A (ja) 2003-04-22
AU1564201A (en) 2001-05-30
WO2001037494A3 (fr) 2001-12-06

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