WO2001034519A1 - Method and apparatus for production of fotovoltaic grade silicon - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for production of fotovoltaic grade silicon Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001034519A1
WO2001034519A1 PCT/NO2000/000295 NO0000295W WO0134519A1 WO 2001034519 A1 WO2001034519 A1 WO 2001034519A1 NO 0000295 W NO0000295 W NO 0000295W WO 0134519 A1 WO0134519 A1 WO 0134519A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
silicon
reactor
tungsten
alloy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2000/000295
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Silicon As Solar
Original Assignee
Bjorseth, Alf
Margadonna, Daniele
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bjorseth, Alf, Margadonna, Daniele filed Critical Bjorseth, Alf
Priority to AU76925/00A priority Critical patent/AU7692500A/en
Publication of WO2001034519A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001034519A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/02—Silicon
    • C01B33/021—Preparation
    • C01B33/027—Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00132—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
    • B01J2219/00135—Electric resistance heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/0015—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
    • B01J2219/00155—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
    • B01J2219/025—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties characterised by the construction materials of the reactor vessel proper
    • B01J2219/0277—Metal based
    • B01J2219/029—Non-ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
    • B01J2219/185—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/19—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor
    • B01J2219/194—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round
    • B01J2219/1941—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped
    • B01J2219/1943—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped cylindrical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for production of photovoltaic grade silicon.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • Production of electronic grade silicon is mainly produced according to the so-called Siemens process where silane, SiH, or chlorosilanes such as silicontetrachloride (STC) or trichlorosilane (TCS) is supplied to a bell-shaped reactor containing thin silicon rods which are heated by supply of electric current to a temperature above the dissociation temperature whereby silicon is deposited on the silicon rods in the reactor.
  • STC silicontetrachloride
  • TCS trichlorosilane
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RU! E 26) costs for the production equipment is also substantially lower.
  • this method has up till now been used cylinders made from silicon either in the form of a one-piece silicon pipe or in the form of a silicon pipe consisting of a plurality of sections. Due to the brittleness of silicon, the silicon cylinder has to be supported by an outer cylinder of a material having a higher mechanical strength than silicon.
  • This method has the disadvantage that one-piece silicon cylinders are very costly to produce, while it by use of silicon cylinders consisting of a plurality of sections always will exist a danger of gas leakage in the joints between the sections whereby the silane gas can react with the material in the outer cylinder and cause contamination of the silicon produced in the reactor. For the above reasons this method is far less used than the Siemens process.
  • Scrap silicon from the electronic industry is very pure and even if the scrap silicon cannot be used in the electronic industry it can be used in the PV industry.
  • the PV industry has, however, a faster growing rate than the electronic industry, and for this reason there will in the near future be a shortage of pure silicon which can be used in the PV industry. In the worst case this can slow down the development of solar energy and thus put an end to the development of this part of renewable energy sources.
  • the present invention relates to a method for production of high purity silicon where a silane or a chlorosilane is supplied to one end of a cylinder-shaped pipe reactor which reactor is heated to a temperature above the dissociation temperature of the silane or chlorosilane and where the produced silicon is deposited on the inner walls of the cylinder, said method being characterized in that it is used a cylinder- shaped pipe reactor made from a metal or an alloy having a higher melting point than silicon and which has a low solubility in solid silicon and where heat is supplied to the reactor by supply of electric energy to the cylinder. It is preferred to use a cylinder made from tungsten, but other metals such as zirconium, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum and molybdenum can also be used.
  • the cylinder can be made from alloys where all alloying elements have low solubility in solid silicon.
  • alloys are tungsten-iron alloy, with a tungsten content which gives the alloy a liquidus temperature that is higher than the melting point of silicon.
  • alloys of the elements tungsten, zirconium, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum and molybdenum.
  • a layer of heat insulating material is arranged on the outside of the cylinder in order to reduce heat losses from the reactor.
  • the electric energy for heating of the reactor can either be supplied to the cylinder-shaped reactor via terminals or by induction.
  • the method according to the present invention it is obtained an effective production of silicon as the necessary heat energy is supplied directly to the metal cylinder. Further, the produced silicon is of a high purity as the amount of contamination in the silicon from the cylinder is limited to be solubility of the material in solid silicon.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for production of high purity silicon, wherein said apparatus comprises an open-ended cylinder made from a metal or an alloy having a higher melting point than silicon and having a low solubility on solid silicon, means for supply of silane or a chlorosilane to one end of the cylinder, means for removal of reaction gases from the other end of the cylinder and means for supply of electric energy to the cylinder in order to heat the cylinder to reaction temperature.
  • the cylinder is made from tungsten, but cylinders made from other metals such as zirconium, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum and molybdenum can also be used.
  • the cylinder can also be made from alloys where all the alloying elements have a low solubility in solid silicon. Examples of such alloys are tungsten-iron alloys having a tungsten content which gives the alloy a liquidus temperature which is higher than the melting point of silicon.
  • the cylinder can be made from alloys of the elements tungsten, zirconium, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum and molybdenum.
  • the cylinder has a layer of heat insulating material on its outside.
  • the present invention it is possible to produce PV grade silicon in an economic viable way. Further, when silicon has been deposited on the inner walls of the cylinder and the process is stopped, the cylinder can be used as a mould for melting and directional crystallisation of the produced silicon.
  • Figure 1 shows a vertical cut through an apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG 1 there is shown a cylinder-shaped pipe 1 made from a metal having a higher melting point than silicon, such as tungsten.
  • the pipe has end caps 2, 3 at its upper and lower ends made from the same metal as the cylinder-shaped pipe 1.
  • a supply pipe 4 for a mixture of silane and hydrogen in the upper end cap 2
  • an outlet pipe 5 for reaction gases in the lower end cap 3
  • the cylinder-shaped pipe 1 is in its upper and lower ends connected to an electric current source 8 via terminals 6 and 7 for heating of the pipe 1 to reaction temperature.
  • the cylinder-shaped pipe 1 can be heated by induction.
  • the pipe 1 has a heat insulating layer 9 on its outside in order to reduce heat losses from the pipe 1.
  • the pipe 1 is purged with nitrogen or another inert gas in order to remove all air from the reactor.
  • the pipe 1 is heated by means of the electric current source 8 to a temperature above the dissociation temperature for silane and chlorosilane, but below the melting point of silicon.
  • the supply of silane or chlorosilane and H 2 through the supply pipe 4 is started.
  • the supplied silane or chlorosilane will at the temperature in the reaction chamber dissociate and pure silicon will be deposited on the inner walls of the pipe 1. As the process is proceeding it will be formed a layer 10 of pure silicon on the inner walls of the pipe 1. Off-gases from the process is removed via the outlet pipe 5.
  • silicon can be produced in a simple and effective way, which silicon is only contaminated by the amount of the metal or alloying elements in the pipe 1 that is soluble in solid silicon.
  • the produced silicon has a purity which fulfill the requirement to photovoltaic grade silicon.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for production of high purity silicon where a silane or a chlorosilane is supplied to one end of a cylinder-shaped pipe reactor which reactor is heated to a temperature above the dissociation temperature of the silane or chlorosilane and where the produced silicon is deposited on the inner walls of the cylinder. In the method it is used a cylinder-shaped pipe reactor made from a metal or an alloy having a higher melting point than silicon and which has a low solubility in solid silicon and where heat is supplied to the reactor by supply of electric energy to the cylinder. The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Description

Title of invention: Method and apparatus for production of fotovoltaic grade silicon.
Field of Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for production of photovoltaic grade silicon.
Background Art
The photovoltaic (PV) industry is today mainly using scrap silicon from the electronic industry in its production of silicon solar cells and other photovoltaic products. The reason for this is that there are not available industrial processes which can refine metallurgical grade silicon to a purity which gives silicon a good photovoltaic effect at an acceptable price.
Production of electronic grade silicon is mainly produced according to the so- called Siemens process where silane, SiH, or chlorosilanes such as silicontetrachloride (STC) or trichlorosilane (TCS) is supplied to a bell-shaped reactor containing thin silicon rods which are heated by supply of electric current to a temperature above the dissociation temperature whereby silicon is deposited on the silicon rods in the reactor. When a sufficiently thick layer of high purity silicon has been deposited on the silicon rods, the process is stopped and the silicon rods with the deposit of high purity silicon are removed. Thereafter the process is started again with new silicon rods in the reactor. This process being a batch process, is costly and energy consuming, but the produced silicon has very high purity and is well suited for semi- conduction purposes.
It is further known to produce electronic grade silicon by depositing high purity silicon on the inner walls of a cylinder-shaped reactor where silane gas is supplied at one end of the cylinder and where off-gas is removed at the other end. In this way the volume available for deposition of silicon is substantially increased compared to the Siemens process. As a cylinder-shaped reactor is substantially smaller than the bell-shaped Siemens reactor, the investment
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RU! E 26) costs for the production equipment is also substantially lower. In this method it has up till now been used cylinders made from silicon either in the form of a one-piece silicon pipe or in the form of a silicon pipe consisting of a plurality of sections. Due to the brittleness of silicon, the silicon cylinder has to be supported by an outer cylinder of a material having a higher mechanical strength than silicon. This method has the disadvantage that one-piece silicon cylinders are very costly to produce, while it by use of silicon cylinders consisting of a plurality of sections always will exist a danger of gas leakage in the joints between the sections whereby the silane gas can react with the material in the outer cylinder and cause contamination of the silicon produced in the reactor. For the above reasons this method is far less used than the Siemens process.
Scrap silicon from the electronic industry is very pure and even if the scrap silicon cannot be used in the electronic industry it can be used in the PV industry. The PV industry has, however, a faster growing rate than the electronic industry, and for this reason there will in the near future be a shortage of pure silicon which can be used in the PV industry. In the worst case this can slow down the development of solar energy and thus put an end to the development of this part of renewable energy sources.
There is therefore a need for a method for production of silicon of PV grade that can be produced at a lower cost than silicon of electronic grade.
Disclosure of Invention
Thus, according to a first embodiment the present invention relates to a method for production of high purity silicon where a silane or a chlorosilane is supplied to one end of a cylinder-shaped pipe reactor which reactor is heated to a temperature above the dissociation temperature of the silane or chlorosilane and where the produced silicon is deposited on the inner walls of the cylinder, said method being characterized in that it is used a cylinder- shaped pipe reactor made from a metal or an alloy having a higher melting point than silicon and which has a low solubility in solid silicon and where heat is supplied to the reactor by supply of electric energy to the cylinder. It is preferred to use a cylinder made from tungsten, but other metals such as zirconium, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum and molybdenum can also be used.
The cylinder can be made from alloys where all alloying elements have low solubility in solid silicon. Examples of such alloys are tungsten-iron alloy, with a tungsten content which gives the alloy a liquidus temperature that is higher than the melting point of silicon. Further it can be used alloys of the elements tungsten, zirconium, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum and molybdenum.
According to a preferred embodiment of the method, a layer of heat insulating material is arranged on the outside of the cylinder in order to reduce heat losses from the reactor.
The electric energy for heating of the reactor can either be supplied to the cylinder-shaped reactor via terminals or by induction.
By the method according to the present invention it is obtained an effective production of silicon as the necessary heat energy is supplied directly to the metal cylinder. Further, the produced silicon is of a high purity as the amount of contamination in the silicon from the cylinder is limited to be solubility of the material in solid silicon.
According to another embodiment, the present invention relates to an apparatus for production of high purity silicon, wherein said apparatus comprises an open-ended cylinder made from a metal or an alloy having a higher melting point than silicon and having a low solubility on solid silicon, means for supply of silane or a chlorosilane to one end of the cylinder, means for removal of reaction gases from the other end of the cylinder and means for supply of electric energy to the cylinder in order to heat the cylinder to reaction temperature.
According to a preferred embodiment the cylinder is made from tungsten, but cylinders made from other metals such as zirconium, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum and molybdenum can also be used. The cylinder can also be made from alloys where all the alloying elements have a low solubility in solid silicon. Examples of such alloys are tungsten-iron alloys having a tungsten content which gives the alloy a liquidus temperature which is higher than the melting point of silicon. Further, the cylinder can be made from alloys of the elements tungsten, zirconium, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum and molybdenum.
According to another embodiment, the cylinder has a layer of heat insulating material on its outside.
By the present invention it is possible to produce PV grade silicon in an economic viable way. Further, when silicon has been deposited on the inner walls of the cylinder and the process is stopped, the cylinder can be used as a mould for melting and directional crystallisation of the produced silicon.
Short description of the drawing
Figure 1 shows a vertical cut through an apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
On figure 1 there is shown a cylinder-shaped pipe 1 made from a metal having a higher melting point than silicon, such as tungsten. The pipe has end caps 2, 3 at its upper and lower ends made from the same metal as the cylinder-shaped pipe 1. In the upper end cap 2, there is arranged a supply pipe 4 for a mixture of silane and hydrogen, while it in the lower end cap 3 there is arranged an outlet pipe 5 for reaction gases. The cylinder-shaped pipe 1 is in its upper and lower ends connected to an electric current source 8 via terminals 6 and 7 for heating of the pipe 1 to reaction temperature. Alternatively, the cylinder-shaped pipe 1 can be heated by induction.
The pipe 1 has a heat insulating layer 9 on its outside in order to reduce heat losses from the pipe 1. Before starting the process, the pipe 1 is purged with nitrogen or another inert gas in order to remove all air from the reactor. Thereafter the pipe 1 is heated by means of the electric current source 8 to a temperature above the dissociation temperature for silane and chlorosilane, but below the melting point of silicon. Thereafter the supply of silane or chlorosilane and H2 through the supply pipe 4 is started.
The supplied silane or chlorosilane will at the temperature in the reaction chamber dissociate and pure silicon will be deposited on the inner walls of the pipe 1. As the process is proceeding it will be formed a layer 10 of pure silicon on the inner walls of the pipe 1. Off-gases from the process is removed via the outlet pipe 5.
When the silicon layer 10 has become sufficiently thick, supply of electric current and supply of silane or chlorosilane are stopped. After cooling of the reactor, the produced silicon layer 10 is removed from the reactor, whereafter the process is started again. As the metal or alloy in the pipe 1 normally will have a thermal expansion different from silicon, the silicon layer 10 will loosen during the cooling of the reactor. The produced silicon can thus easily be removed from the pipe 1.
By the present invention silicon can be produced in a simple and effective way, which silicon is only contaminated by the amount of the metal or alloying elements in the pipe 1 that is soluble in solid silicon. The produced silicon has a purity which fulfill the requirement to photovoltaic grade silicon.

Claims

1. Method for production of high purity silicon where a silane or a chlorosilane is supplied to one end of a cylinder-shaped pipe reactor which reactor is heated to a temperature above the dissociation temperature of the silane or chlorosilane and where the produced silicon is deposited on the inner walls of the cylinder, c h a ra cte rized i n that it is used a cylinder-shaped pipe reactor made from a metal or an alloy having a higher melting point than silicon and which has a low solubility in solid silicon and where heat is supplied to the reactor by supply of electric energy to the cylinder.
2. Method according to claim 1, ch a racte rized i n that it is used cylinder-shaped reactor made from tungsten, zirconium, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum or molybdenum.
3. Method according to claim 1, cha racterized i n that it is used a cylinder-shaped reactor made from a tungsten-iron alloy having a tungsten content which gives the alloy a liquidus temperature that is higher than the melting point of silicon.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a layer of heat insulating material is arranged on the outside of the cylinder in order to reduce heat losses from the reactor.
5. Apparatus for production of high purity silicon, characterized i n that the apparatus comprises an open-ended cylinder-shaped reactor made from a metal or an alloy having a higher melting point than silicon and having a low solubility in solid silicon, means for supply of silane or a chlorosilane to one end of the cylinder, means for removal of reaction gases from the other end of the cylinder and means for supply of electric energy to the cylinder in order to heat the cylinder to reaction temperature.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the cylinder-shaped reactor is made from tungsten, zirconium, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum or molybdenum.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the cylinder-shaped reactor is made from a tungsten-iron alloy having a tungsten content which gives the alloy a liquidus temperature which is higher than the melting point of silicon.
8. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the cylinder has a layer of heat insulating material on its outside.
PCT/NO2000/000295 1999-11-11 2000-09-11 Method and apparatus for production of fotovoltaic grade silicon WO2001034519A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU76925/00A AU7692500A (en) 1999-11-11 2000-09-11 Method and apparatus for production of fotovoltaic grade silicon

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO995507A NO995507D0 (en) 1999-11-11 1999-11-11 Method and apparatus for producing photovoltaic-grade silicon
NO1999550719991111 1999-11-11

Publications (1)

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WO2001034519A1 true WO2001034519A1 (en) 2001-05-17

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1798199A1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2007-06-20 Tokuyama Corporation Reactor for chlorosilane compound

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3014791A (en) * 1958-10-01 1961-12-26 Merck & Co Inc Pyrolysis apparatus
FR1582720A (en) * 1967-09-25 1969-10-03
GB1364099A (en) * 1970-12-07 1974-08-21 Dow Corning Production method for polycrystalline semiconductor bodies
US4237150A (en) * 1979-04-18 1980-12-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method of producing hydrogenated amorphous silicon film
CA1144739A (en) * 1978-05-03 1983-04-19 Ernest G. Farrier Production of low-cost polycrystalline silicon powder
DE4127819A1 (en) * 1991-08-22 1993-02-25 Wacker Chemitronic Discontinuous silicon@ prodn. by thermal decomposition - in which deposition occurs on inner wall of silicon@ tube and deposit is collected by periodically melting

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3014791A (en) * 1958-10-01 1961-12-26 Merck & Co Inc Pyrolysis apparatus
FR1582720A (en) * 1967-09-25 1969-10-03
GB1364099A (en) * 1970-12-07 1974-08-21 Dow Corning Production method for polycrystalline semiconductor bodies
CA1144739A (en) * 1978-05-03 1983-04-19 Ernest G. Farrier Production of low-cost polycrystalline silicon powder
US4237150A (en) * 1979-04-18 1980-12-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method of producing hydrogenated amorphous silicon film
DE4127819A1 (en) * 1991-08-22 1993-02-25 Wacker Chemitronic Discontinuous silicon@ prodn. by thermal decomposition - in which deposition occurs on inner wall of silicon@ tube and deposit is collected by periodically melting

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1798199A1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2007-06-20 Tokuyama Corporation Reactor for chlorosilane compound
EP1798199A4 (en) * 2004-08-19 2011-05-18 Tokuyama Corp Reactor for chlorosilane compound

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Publication number Publication date
NO995507D0 (en) 1999-11-11
AU7692500A (en) 2001-06-06

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