WO2001028351A1 - Gommes a maches ameliorees contenant un glycerol propoxyle esterifie et leurs procedes de fabrication - Google Patents

Gommes a maches ameliorees contenant un glycerol propoxyle esterifie et leurs procedes de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001028351A1
WO2001028351A1 PCT/US1999/024451 US9924451W WO0128351A1 WO 2001028351 A1 WO2001028351 A1 WO 2001028351A1 US 9924451 W US9924451 W US 9924451W WO 0128351 A1 WO0128351 A1 WO 0128351A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gum
chewing gum
esterified propoxylated
base
propoxylated glycerol
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/024451
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert J. Yatka
Rebecca A. Aumann
Original Assignee
Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company filed Critical Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company
Priority to AU12122/00A priority Critical patent/AU1212200A/en
Priority to PCT/US1999/024451 priority patent/WO2001028351A1/fr
Publication of WO2001028351A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001028351A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G4/08—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds of the chewing gum base

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to chewing gum. More specifically, the present invention relates to improved formulations for chewing gum and base.
  • Chewing gum generally consists of a water insoluble gum base and a water soluble portion along with flavors. The water soluble portion and flavors dissipate during chewing and the gum base is retained in the mouth throughout the chew.
  • the insoluble gum base generally comprises elastomers, resins, fats and oils, softeners, and inorganic fillers.
  • Elastomers can include synthetic elastomers including polyisobutylene, isobutylene-isoprene copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyvinyl acetate, polyisoprene, polyethylene, vinyl acetate- vinyl laurate copolymers, and combinations thereof.
  • Natural elastomers can also be used; such natural elastomers include natural rubber.
  • the gum base can also include elastomer plasticizers.
  • elastomer plasticizers can include natural rosin esters, as well as other elastomer plasticizers.
  • the gum base can include fillers/texturizers and softeners/emulsifiers.
  • Softeners are added to chewing gum in order to optimize the chewability and mouth feel of the gum.
  • Softeners/emulsifiers that are typically used include tallow, hydrogenated tallow, hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, cocoa butter, glycerol monostearate, glycerol triacetate, lecithin, and combinations thereof.
  • chewing gum includes an esterified propoxylated glycerol.
  • the esterified propoxylated glycerol is used in the base and/or gum formulations as a plasticizer, softener, and/or emulsifier.
  • the esterified propoxylated glycerol is added to sucrose-type gum formulations replacing a small or large quantity of oils, emulsifiers, and softeners.
  • the present invention can be utilized to create a variety of base and chewing gum formulations.
  • the base formulations of the present invention may be conventional bases that include wax or are wax-free, tacky or non-tacky, and/or bubble gum type bases.
  • the gum formulations can be low or high moisture formulations containing gum formulations made with sorbitol, mannitol, other polyols, and non-sugar carbohydrates.
  • the non-sugar formulations that can be utilized include low or high moisture sugar-free chewing gums.
  • the present invention provides a gum base.
  • the gum base comprises an elastomer and at least 0.02% by weight of an esterified propoxylated glycerol.
  • the base is wax-free. In an embodiment of the invention, the base is non-tacky. In an embodiment of the invention, the base is a bubble gum-type base.
  • the gum base includes at least one resin.
  • the gum base includes at least one softener chosen from the group consisting of: tallow; hydrogenated tallow; hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils; cocoa butter; glycerol monostearate; glycerol triacetate; and lecithin.
  • the esterified propoxylated glycerol comprises not more than 40% by weight of the gum base.
  • a chewing gum formulation comprises an insoluble gum base, a water soluble portion, a flavor, and at least 0.01% by weight esterified propoxylated glycerol.
  • the formulation includes a bulk sweetener.
  • the formulation includes a high-intensity sweetener.
  • the formulation includes an emulsifier.
  • the formulation includes a plasticizer. In an embodiment of the invention, the formulation includes an elastomer.
  • the formulation includes lecithin.
  • a method for producing chewing gum comprises the steps of substituting for a typical plasticizer, softener, or emulsifier, in a chewing gum formulation, esterified propoxylated glycerol.
  • the esterified propoxylated glycerol comprises at least 0.01% of the chewing gum.
  • the method includes the step of blending the esterified propoxylated glycerol with lecithin.
  • esterified propoxylated glycerol is added to other chewing gum components in a liquid state.
  • An advantage of the present invention is to provide an improved chewing gum formulation.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is to provide an improved method for making chewing gum.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is to provide an improved base that can be used to produce chewing gum.
  • an advantage of the present invention is to provide an improved chewing gum softener. Still further, an advantage of the present invention is to provide an improved chewing gum plasticizer.
  • an advantage of the present invention is to provide an improved emulsifying agent for chewing gum.
  • an advantage of the present invention is to provide a chewing gum having improved texture.
  • An additional advantage of the present invention is to provide a chewing gum having improved shelf life.
  • an advantage of the present invention is to provide a chewing gum having improved flavor quality.
  • the present invention provides improved chewing gum and base formulations.
  • an esterified propoxylated glycerol is used.
  • the esterified propoxylated glycerol can be used in chewing gum and/or base formulations.
  • esterified propoxylated glycerol can be used as a softener, plasticizer, and/or emulsifying agent.
  • Esterified propoxylated glycerol is synthetically produced. It is derived from edible oils.
  • the propoxylation of glycerin occurs by adding propylene oxide to glycerin in the presence of a catalytic amount of an alkali metal alkoxylate, at temperatures of approximately 70 C to about 130 C.
  • the propoxylated glycerol is then cooled and purged with nitrogen. It is then ready for esterification.
  • fatty acids can be used as reactants. These fatty acids can either be saturated or unsaturated fatty acids or mixtures thereof. Once the reaction process is completed, the reaction product is purified.
  • Esterified propoxylated glycerol has an appearance that is similar to edible fats and oils. It is white to amber in color and bland in taste. Esterified propoxylated glycerol is essentially insoluble in water, but, is soluble in hexane, chloroform, ether, and oils. Esterified propoxylated glycerols can either be a fat or oil and vary in melting point depending on the various fatty acids used.
  • esterified propoxylated glycerol can be used in base formulations and/or chewing gum formulations.
  • the esterified propoxylated glycerol can be used as a softener, plasticizer, and/or emulsifying agent.
  • the esterified propoxylated glycerol is used as a softener combined with other base softeners for use in the chewing gum base.
  • softeners can include, but are not limited to, fats and oils, such as tallow, hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, cocoa butter, mono- and di-glycerides, acetylated monoglycerides, softeners such as glycerol triacetate, waxes such as paraffin and microcrystallme waxes, and emulsifiers such as lecithin.
  • the esterified propoxylated glycerol is used as a softener in chewing gum formulations to fully replace other softeners that are typically used.
  • esterified propoxylated glycerol is used in chewing gum formulations to replace typical plasticizers and emulsifying agents that are used in chewing gum formulations.
  • the esterified propoxylated glycerol softeners are used in chewing gum formulation combined with other emulsifiers and plasticizing agents.
  • the esterified propoxylated glycerol can be used alone or combined with an inert material, which may be added in a dry form. Additionally, the esterified propoxylated glycerol can also be added to the flavor as a carrier for its use in chewing gum.
  • esterified propoxylated glycerol when used according to the present invention, affords the chewing gum an improved texture, improved shelf life, and improved flavor quality. Even though esterified propoxylated glycerol is similar to fats and oils in some respects, esterified propoxylated glycerol has significant softening effects that produce a resultant chewing gum product that has high consumer acceptability.
  • the present invention provides a chewing gum base comprising an elastomer and at least 0.02% by weight of esterified propoxylated glycerol.
  • the present invention provides a chewing gum formulation comprising an insoluble gum base, a water-soluble portion, a flavor, and at least 0.01% by weight of esterified propoxylated glycerol.
  • the esterified propoxylated glycerol can be used in a variety of different chewing gum formulations and bases.
  • chewing gum generally consists of a water insoluble gum base, a water-soluble portion, and flavor.
  • the insoluble gum base generally comprises elastomers, resins, fats and oils, softeners, and inorganic fillers.
  • the gum base may or may not include wax.
  • the insoluble gum base can constitute approximately 5 to about 95 percent, by weight, of the chewing gum, more commonly, the gum base comprises 10 to about 50 percent of the gum, and in some embodiments, 20 to about 35 percent, by weight, of the chewing gum. In an embodiment, the chewing gum base of the present invention contains about
  • Synthetic elastomers may include, but are not limited to, polyisobutylene with a
  • Preferred ranges are, for polyisobutylene, approximately 50,000 to about 80,000 GPC weight average molecular weight, for styrene-butadiene, 1 :1 to 1 :3 bound styrene- butadiene, for polyvinyl acetate, approximately 10,000 to about 65,000 GPC weight average molecular weight with a higher molecular weight polyvinyl acetates typically used in bubble gum base, and for vinyl acetate- vinyl laurate content of approximately 10 to about 45 percent.
  • Natural elastomers may include natural rubber such as smoked or liquid latex and guayule as well as natural gums such as jelutong, lechi caspi, perillo, sorva, massaranduba balata, massaranduba chocolate, nispero, rosindinha, chicle, gutta hang kang, and combinations thereof.
  • the preferred synthetic elastomer and natural elastomer concentrations vary depending on whether the chewing gum in which the base is used is adhesive or conventional, bubble gum or regular gum, as discussed below.
  • Elastomer plasticizers may include, but are not limited to, natural rosin esters, often called estergums, such as glycerol esters of partially hydrogenated rosin, glycerol esters polymerized rosins, glycerol esters of partially dimerized rosin, glycerol esters of rosin, pentaerythritol esters of partially hydrogenated rosin, methyl and partially hydrogenated methyl esters of rosin, pentaerythritol esters of rosin; synthetics such as terpene resins derived from alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and/or d-limonene; and any suitable combinations of the foregoing.
  • estergums such as glycerol esters of partially hydrogenated rosin, glycerol esters polymerized rosins, glycerol esters of partially dimerized rosin, glycerol esters of rosin
  • the preferred elastomer plasticizers will also vary depending on the specific application, and on the type of elastomer which is used.
  • Fillers/texturizers may include magnesium and calcium carbonate, ground limestone, silicate types such as magnesium and aluminum silicate, clay, alumina, talc, titanium dioxide, mono-, di-, and tri- calcium phosphate, cellulose polymers, such as wood, and combinations thereof.
  • softeners/emulsifiers may include tallow, hydrogenated tallow, hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, cocoa butter, glycerol monostearate, glycerol triacetate, lecithin, mono-, di-, and triglycerides, acetylated monoglycerides, fatty acids, (e.g., stearic, palmitic, oleic. and linoleic acids), and combinations thereof.
  • Colorants and whiteners may include FD&C-type dyes and lakes, fruit and vegetable extracts, titanium dioxide, and combinations thereof.
  • the base may or may not include wax.
  • Waxes may include synthetic waxes such as carnuba, beeswax, candellia, or polyethylene wax.
  • An example of a wax-free gum base is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,286,500, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a typical chewing gum composition includes a water-soluble bulk portion and one or more flavoring agents.
  • the water soluble portion can include bulk sweeteners, high intensity sweeteners, flavoring agents, softeners, emulsifiers, colors, acidulants, fillers, antioxidants, and other components that provide desired attributes.
  • the softeners which are also known as plasticizers and plasticizing agents, generally constitute between approximately 0.5 to about 15% by weight of the chewing gum.
  • the softeners may, in addition to including esterified propoxylated glycerol, include glycerin, lecithin, and combinations thereof.
  • Aqueous sweetener solutions such as those containing sorbitol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, com syrup, and combinations thereof, may also be used as softeners and binding agents in chewing gum.
  • Bulk sweeteners include both sugar and sugarless components. Bulk sweeteners typically constitute approximately 5% to about 95% by weight of the chewing gum, more typically, 20 to 80% by weight, and more commonly, 30 to 60% by weight of the gum.
  • Sugar sweeteners generally include saccharide-containing components commonly known in the chewing gum art, but not limited to, sucrose, dextrose, maltose, dextrin, dried invert sugar, fructose, levulose, galactose, com syrup, solids, and the like, alone or in combination.
  • Sorbitol can be used as a sugarless sweetener.
  • sugarless sweeteners can include, but are not limited to, other sugar alcohols such as mannitol, xylitol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, maltitol, and the like, alone or in combination.
  • High intensity artificial sweeteners can also be used in combination with the above.
  • Prefe ⁇ ed sweeteners include, but are not limited to, sucralose, aspartame, salts of acesulfame, alitame, saccharin and its salts, cyclamic acid and its salts, glycyrrhizin, dihydrochalcones, thaumatin, monellin, and the like, lasting sweetness and flavor perception, it may be desirable to encapsulate or otherwise control the release of at least a portion of artificial sweetener.
  • Such techniques as wet granulation, wax granulation, spray drying, spray chilling, fluid bed coating, coacervation, and fiber extrusion may be used to achieve the desired release characteristics.
  • usage level of the artificial sweetener will vary greatly and will depend on such factors as potency of the sweetener, rate of release, desired sweetness of the product, level and type of flavor used and cost considerations. Thus, the active level of artificial sweetener may vary from approximately 0.02% to about 8%. When carriers used for encapsulation are included, the usage level of the encapsulated sweetener will be proportionately higher. Combinations of sugar and sugarless sweeteners may be used in chewing gum.
  • the softener may also provide additional sweetness such as with aqueous sugar or alditol solutions.
  • a low calorie bulking agent can be used.
  • low bulking agents include: polydextrose; raftilose; raftilin; fructooligosaccharides (NutraFlora); Palatinose oligosaccharide; Guar Gum Hydrolysate (Sun Fiber); or low calorie bulking agents can be used.
  • a variety of flavoring agents can be used. The flavor can be used in amounts of approximately 0.1 to about 15 weight percent of the gum, more likely, about 0.2 to about 5%.
  • Flavoring agents may include essential oils, synthetic flavors, or mixtures thereof, including, but not limited to, oils derived from plants and fruits such as citrus oils, fruit essences, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, other mint oils, clove oil, oil of wintergreen, anise, and the like. Artificial flavoring agents and components may also be used. Natural and artificial flavoring agents may be combined in any sensorially acceptable fashion.
  • the present invention can be used with a variety of processes for manufacturing chewing gum.
  • Chewing gum is generally manufactured by sequentially adding the various chewing gum ingredients to commercially available mixers known in the art. After the ingredients have been thoroughly mixed, the chewing gum mass is discharged from the mixer and shaped into the desired form, such as by rolling into sheets and cutting into sticks, extruding into chunks, or casting into pellets.
  • the ingredients are mixed by first melting the gum base and adding it to the running mixer.
  • the gum base may alternatively be melted in the mixer.
  • Color and emulsifiers can be added at this time.
  • a chewing gum softener such as glycerin can be added next along with part of the bulk portion. Further parts of the bulk portion may then be added to the mixer.
  • Flavoring agents are typically added with the final part of the bulk portion. The entire mixing process typically takes from five to fifteen minutes, although longer mixing times are sometimes required.
  • Esterified propoxylated glycerol in its liquid or solid form, may be added to chewing gum during manufacture of the base. Esterified propoxylated glycerol may be added at any time during processing of the base. It should be noted, that if esterified propoxylated glycerol is added toward the end of the batch, it can act as a softener.
  • Esterified propoxylated glycerol may be added to conventional bases that contain wax or are wax-free bases, that may or may not contain polyvinyl acetate or terpene resins, or bases that contain natural gums or synthetic bases, bases that are non-tacky, or are bubble gum bases. At levels of approximately 0.02% to about 40% by weight of the gum base, esterified propoxylated glycerol may replace some or most of the partially hydrogenated or hydrogenated vegetable oils, mono-, di-glycerides, acetylated monoglycerides, or other softeners used in gum base. Esterified propoxylated glycerol may also be blended with the other softeners used in the gum base and added during the manufacturing process.
  • a chewing gum base made with esterified propoxylated glycerol will have greater oxidative stability due to the presence of esterified propoxylated glycerol, and will provide a chewing gum having a cleaner taste due to a reduction of off-tasting fats and oils.
  • Esterified propoxylated glycerol may also be added to a chewing gum formulation in its molten or solid form or may be mixed with other gum or base softeners and added to a gum formulation during the processing. Esterified propoxylated glycerol may be added during the gum manufacturing at any time during the processing. To ensure a thorough mixing of esterified propoxylated glycerol in the gum base, early mixing in the batch is suggested.
  • Esterified propoxylated glycerol can be added to the chewing gum formulation so that it comprises approximately 0.01 % to about 5% by weight of the chewing gum formulation.
  • esterified propoxylated glycerol comprises approximately 0.02% to about 2% and more specifically, about 0.05% to about 0.5% by weight of the chewing gum formulation.
  • Esterified propoxylated glycerol may be blended with other softeners such as lecithin, glycerol triacetate, acetylated monoglycerides, mono- and di-glycerides, or other vegetable oils and fats that may be added to a gum formulation.
  • esterified propoxylated glycerol may act as a carrier or solvent for the particular lecithin.
  • Lecithin when mixed with molten esterified propoxylated glycerol, may allow for easier dispersion of lecithin in a gum formulation. This should be contrasted with soybean oil that is typically used as a carrier for lecithin.
  • Esterified propoxylated glycerol may also be blended with a wide range of natural and artificial flavor oils and act as a carrier for flavors and oils. Some esterified propoxylated glycerol are dispersible with/or dissolved in flavors such as spearmint, peppermint, cinnamon, wintergreen, and fruit flavors. The level of esterified propoxylated glycerol mixed with flavors can vary over a wide range from approximately 1% to about 99% by weight since most gum flavors are oil soluble.
  • Esterified propoxylated glycerol can also act as a carrier for artificial and natural colors such as in FD&C lake dispersions and natural colors like betacarotene. Some esterified propoxylated glycerol may eliminate the off-taste associated with fat/oil carriers and allows higher usage of color.
  • Esterified propoxylated glycerol can also be used as a release agent for encapsulated flavors. Esterified propoxylated glycerol can be added to an encapsulating media to allow for faster and easier dissolution of the encapsulation media.
  • the use of esterified propoxylated glycerol in chewing gum has a unique benefit not found in other types of food products.
  • the chewing gum bolus is not ingested, but discarded, and is generally very lipophilic. Fats, oils, some emulsifiers, and softeners of the gum base remain in the gum bolus and are therefore not ingested, but discarded.
  • esterified propoxylated glycerol which is very lipophilic, may be used in chewing gum base, remain in the gum bolus, and be discarded with the gum base.
  • Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
  • Glycerin 1.20 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 EPG 0.05 0.10 0.25 1.00 2.00
  • Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10
  • Examples 1 1-15 are not specifically set forth in a table but are the same as Examples 6-10 except that esterified propoxylated glycerol is preblended with peppermint flavor and added to gum formulation.
  • Examples 16-21 in Table 4 (below) set forth the use of esterified propoxylated glycerol in low moisture sugar formulations having less than 2% theoretical moisture.
  • Example 16 Exampl e l7
  • Example 18 Exampl e l7
  • Examples 21-25 in Table 5 (below) provide for the use of esterified propoxylated glycerol in medium-moisture sugar formulations having about 2% to about 5% moisture.
  • Example 21 Exampl e 22
  • Example 23 Example 24
  • Example 25
  • Examples 26-30 in Table 6 (below) set forth the use of esterified propoxylated glycerol in high moisture sugar formulations having more than 5% moisture.
  • Example 26 Exampl e 27
  • Example 28 Example 29
  • Example 30 Example 30
  • Lecithin* 0.10 0.10 0.10 —
  • Examples 31-35 in Table 7 and Examples 36-45 in Tables 8 and 9 (below) provide for the use of esterified propoxylated glycerol in low- and high- moisture gums that are sugar-free. Low-moisture gums have less than 2% moisture, high-moisture gums have greater than 2% moisture.
  • Example 31 Example 32
  • Example 33 Exampl e 34
  • Example 35
  • Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 Example 40
  • Sorbitol liquid contains 70% sorbitol, 30% water
  • Table 10 (below) illustrates sugar chewing gum formulations that can be made with esterified propoxylated glycerol and various types of sugars.
  • Table 11 (below) sets forth the use of chewing gum formulations that are free of sugar. These formulations use a wide variety of other non-sugar alditols.
  • Table 12 for natural and synthetic gum bases with wax
  • Table 13 for chewing gum bases that are wax-free and have some reduced tack properties
  • Table 14 for wax-free bubble gum bases
  • Table 15 for wax-free bases having non-tack characteristics.
  • Example 56 Example 57
  • Example 58
  • Example 59 Example 60
  • Example 61 Example 61
  • Example 62 Example 63
  • Example 64
  • Example 65 Example 66
  • Example 67 Polyisobutylene
  • Example 68 Example 69

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des formulations de gomme à mâcher et de base ainsi que leurs procédés de fabrication. Ces formulations renferment un glycérol propoxylé estérifié agissant comme ramollissant, plastifiant et/ou émulsifiant dans la formulation.
PCT/US1999/024451 1999-10-18 1999-10-18 Gommes a maches ameliorees contenant un glycerol propoxyle esterifie et leurs procedes de fabrication WO2001028351A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU12122/00A AU1212200A (en) 1999-10-18 1999-10-18 Improved chewing gums containing esterified propoxylated glycerol and methods ofmaking same
PCT/US1999/024451 WO2001028351A1 (fr) 1999-10-18 1999-10-18 Gommes a maches ameliorees contenant un glycerol propoxyle esterifie et leurs procedes de fabrication

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1999/024451 WO2001028351A1 (fr) 1999-10-18 1999-10-18 Gommes a maches ameliorees contenant un glycerol propoxyle esterifie et leurs procedes de fabrication

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WO2001028351A1 true WO2001028351A1 (fr) 2001-04-26

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5219604A (en) * 1991-02-13 1993-06-15 Nabisco, Inc. Use of ester-bridged side chains to suppress caloric availability of fat compounds
US5662953A (en) * 1989-09-20 1997-09-02 Nabisco, Inc. Reduced calorie triglyceride mixtures

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5662953A (en) * 1989-09-20 1997-09-02 Nabisco, Inc. Reduced calorie triglyceride mixtures
US5219604A (en) * 1991-02-13 1993-06-15 Nabisco, Inc. Use of ester-bridged side chains to suppress caloric availability of fat compounds

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