WO2001022815A1

WO2001022815A1 - Attractants for female codling moths

Info

Publication number: WO2001022815A1
Application number: PCT/EP2000/008938
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alan Hern
Original assignee: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
Priority date: 1999-09-24
Filing date: 2000-09-13
Publication date: 2001-04-05
Also published as: AU7287200A; DE19945846A1; EP1213963A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of carboxylic acid esters as attractants to be used to control and combat female codling moths and to agents and devices that contain said attractants.

Description

Attractants for female apple winder

The present invention relates to the use of special carboxylic acid esters as attractants for use in the monitoring and control of female apple winder as well as agents and devices which contain these attractants.

The apple wrapper is widespread worldwide (Wong et al., Journal of Economic Entomology, 64 (2), 553-554, 1971). In addition to the apple, its host plants also include pear, quince, walnut and the Prunus species apricot, plum, peach and nectarine. The economic damage in an orchard can amount to more than 30% and is caused by the caterpillar, which prepares itself through its activity on the fruit down to the core (Schmidt, crop protection in fruit growing, 2nd edition, VEB German Agricultural Publishing House Berlin, 1964). Depending on the distribution area or geographical location, the apple wrapper can have between 1-5 generations per

Year. Monitoring and combating female apple winder is therefore of great importance. The efficiency of mechanical, biological and / or chemical control methods can be increased considerably by luring the females to be controlled to the control devices or to the insecticidal agents by means of suitable attractants.

The attractiveness of aromatic substances to apple wrappers has already been tested, but the catch rate was very low and the attraction was therefore questionable. A gender-specific statement could also not be made. Aliphatic substances have not been tested (Eyer et al., Journal of Economic Entomology, 24,

702-71 1, 1931).

The effect of apple fragrances on female apple winder was examined. However, the experiments showed insufficient results (Wearing et al., New Zealand Journal of Science, 16, 697-710, 1973). Ebbinghaus was able to demonstrate that the flight orientation of the females is influenced by fragrances of the apple, but specific substances that trigger this effect could not be identified (Ebbinghaus, dissertation, University of Hohenheim, 1998) .Yan and co-authors confirmed this finding, using green apples and Use apple branches with leaves (Yan et al., Journal of Chemical Ecology, 25 (6), 1343-1351, 1999).

The present invention relates to the use of carboxylic acid esters of the formula (I)

OR ^a -C-OR (I)

in which

R ^{a represents} optionally branched C _j -C alkyl and

R ^{b represents} optionally branched C _j -Cg alkyl

as attractants for female apple winder.

Compounds of the formula (I) are preferably used,

in which

R ^{a represents} optionally branched C - alkyl and

R ^b is optionally substituted branched C3-C ₇ is alkyl.

Compounds of the formula (I) are particularly preferably used,

in which R ^{a stands} for unbranched C _ß -Cg alkyl (for example for n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl or n-hexyl) and

R ^b is unbranched C3-C ₇ alkyl (for example, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl or n-heptyl) stands.

The compound of the formula (I) is very particularly preferably used

in which

R ^{a stands} for n-pentyl and

R ^{b represents} n-butyl,

as well as the compound of formula (I),

in which

R ^{a stands} for n-pentyl and

R ^{b represents} n-hexyl.

The carboxylic acid esters of the formula (I) are known compounds which are commercially available or can be obtained by customary synthetic processes.

The carboxylic acid esters of the formula (I) can advantageously be used to attract female Cwickia pomonella, especially in agriculture, forestry and horticulture. In conjunction with an adhesive, targeted monitoring of the female apple winder takes place. In conjunction with an insecticidal active ingredient, the targeted control of apple female. If a pheromone, which attracts the apple wrap males, is also added, they are also combated.

In addition to one or more carboxylic acid residues of the formula (I), the agents according to the invention can contain UV absorbers. UV absorbers which are only slightly miscible with water are preferred. UV absorbers are to be understood as meaning substances which are able to absorb UV light, preferably UV radiation from sunlight in the wavelength range from 270 to 400 nm. UV absorbers, such as

2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazoles of the formula

in which

R represents hydrogen or chlorine,

R ^{2 represents} hydrogen, alkyl, phenylalkyl or phenyl and

R ^{3 represents} alkyl, phenylalkyl, phenyl or - (CH ₂ ) ₂ -COO-alkyl,

2-hydroxy-4-alkoxy-benzophenones of the formula

in which

R represents hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy and

R 5 represents alkyl, preferably isooctyl or dodecyl,

Oxalanilides of the formula

in which

R ^{7 represents} alkyl,

Cinnamic acid derivatives of the formulas

in which

R ^{7 represents} alkyl, preferably n-butyl, or

in which

R ⁸ and R ^{9 are} alkyl, or

in which

R 10 is alkyl, preferably butyl or the radical - CH ₂ - CH - CH ₉

C ₂ H ₅ stands,

and

Triazine derivatives of the formula

in which R ¹ 'represents hydrogen or hydroxy,

R ^{12 represents} alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,

R ^{13 represents} alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or alkoxy having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,

R ^{14 represents} alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and

m and n stand for the numbers 0, 1 or 2.

Examples of 2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazoles of the formula (II) are the substances listed in Table 1 below:

Table 1

The agents according to the invention can contain an oil, preferably an unsaturated oil which is not very miscible with water. These include all straight-chain or branched, oily liquids of synthetic or natural origin which may contain functional groups and which have one or more unsaturated bonds between 2 carbon atoms and which have a solubility in water of <1 g / 1. Unsaturated oils of vegetable or animal origin are preferred , which are characterized by a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Examples of such oils are linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, cotton oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, rape oil, castor oil and fish oil. Castor oil is particularly preferred. However, the fatty acids contained in the oils mentioned, or compounds which are obtained by chemical modification of the fatty acids, such as, for example, fatty acid ethoxylates, can also be used to prepare the agents according to the invention. Examples of such fatty acids, which can be used individually or as a mixture, are myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and clupanodonic acid.

The agents according to the invention can contain one or more insecticidal active ingredients. This includes all common substances suitable for controlling harmful insects. Carbamates, organic phosphorus compounds, nitrophenols and their derivatives, nitromethylenes, nicotinoids, formamidines, ureas, phenylbenzoylureas, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons and Bacillus thuringensis preparations are preferred. The following substances are mentioned as examples:

Abamectin, AC 303 630, Acephat, Acrinathrin, Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Alphamethrin, Amitraz, Avermectin, AZ 60541, Azadirachtin, Azinphos A, Azinphos M, Azocyclotin,

Bacillus thuringiensis, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Bensultap, Betacyfluthrin, Bifenthrin, BPMC, Brofenprox, Bromophos A, Bufencarb, Buprofezin, Butocarboxin, Butylpyridaben, Cadusafos, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbophenothion, Carbosulfan 157

419, CGA 184699, Chloethocarb, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlorfluazuron, Chlormephos, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos M, Cis-Resmethrin, Clocythrin, Clofentezin, Cyanophos, Cycloprothrin, Cyfluthrin, Cyhalothrin, Cyhexatin Deltamethrin, Demeton M, Demeton S, Demeton-S-methyl, Diafenthiuron, Diazinon,

Dichlofenthion, dichlorvos, dicliphos, dicrotophos, diethion, diflubenzuron,

dimethoate,

Dimethylvinphos, Dioxathion, Disulfoton, Edifenphos, Emamectin, Esfenvalerat, Ethiofencarb, Ethion, Ethofenprox,

Ethoprophos, Etrimphos,

Fenamiphos, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenitrothion, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb,

Fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenpyrad, fenpyroximate, fenthion, fenvalerate, fipronil,

Fluazinam, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, flufenoxuron, flufenprox, fluvalinate, fonophos, formothion, fosthiazate, fubfenprox, furathiocarb,

HCH, heptenophos, hexaflumuron, hexythiazox,

Imidacloprid, Iprobefos, Isazophos, Isofenphos, Isoprocarb, Isoxathion, Ivermectin,

Lambda cyhalothrin, lufenuron,

Malathion, Mecarbam, Mervinphos, Mesulfenphos, Metaldehyde, Methacrifos, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Milbemectin,

Monocrotophos, moxidectin,

Naled, NC 184, NI 25, Nitenpyram

Omethoate, Oxamyl, Oxydemethon M, Oxydeprofos,

Parathion A, Parathion M, Permethrin, Phenthoat, Phorat, Phosalon, Phosmet, Phosphamdon, Phoxim, Pirimicarb, Pirimiphos M, Pirimiphos A, Profenofos,

Promecarb, Propaphos, Propoxur, Prothiofos, Prothoat, Pymetrozin, Pyrachlophos,

Pyradaphenthion, Pyresmethrin, Pyrethrum, Pyridaben, Pyrimidifen, Pyriproxifen,

quinalphos,

RH 5992, Salithion, Sebufos, Silafluofen, Sulfotep, Sulprofos,

Tebufenozid, Tebufenpyrad, Tebupirimiphos, Teflubenzuron, Tefluthrin, Temephos,

Terbam, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiafenox, Thiamethoxan, Thiodicarb,

Thiofanox, Thiomethon, Thionazin, Thuringiensin, Tralomethrin, Triarathen,

Triazophos, Triazuron, Trichlorfon, Triflumuron, Trimethacarb, Vamidothion, XMC, Xylylcarb, Zetamethrin. Suitable additives that can be present in the agents according to the invention are all those substances which can usually be used as additives in plant treatment agents. These include polymers, surface-active substances, dyes, antioxidants, thickeners, fillers, cold stabilizers and solvents. In addition, the agents according to the invention can also

Contain water.

Suitable polymers which can be present in the agents according to the invention are all customary water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers or copolymers. Preferred polymers are those obtained by anionic or nonionic polymerization of suitable monomers, e.g. are synthetically accessible by emulsion polymerization or bead polymerization with the help of radical formers or other initiator systems. Polymers based on natural rubber latices can also preferably be used.

The following substances are mentioned as examples of particularly preferred polymers:

Polyvinyl acetate (Mowilith ^® ), polyvinyl alcohols with different degrees of saponification (Mowiol ^® ), polyvinyl pyrrolidones (Lewiskol K ^® , Agrimer ^® ), polyacrylates

(Carbopol ^® ), water-soluble or dispersible coating system binders based on acrylate, polyol or polyester (Desmophen ^® , Roskydal ^® , Bayhydrol ^® ), as well as copolymers of two or more monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, Maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride, vinyl pyrrolidone, ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as ethylene, butadiene, isoprene,

Chloroprene. Styrene, divinylbenzene, α-methylstyrene or p-methylstyrene, furthermore vinyl halides, such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, furthermore vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or vinyl stearate, and also vinyl methyl ketone or esters of aryl acid or methacrylic acid with monohydric alcohols or polyols, such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate , Ethylene methacrylate, lauryl acrylate,

Lauryl methacrylate, dccylacrylate, N, N-dimethylamino-ethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate or glycidyl methacrylate, furthermore diethyl ester or half-ester of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, furthermore (meth) acrylamido-N-methylolmethyl ether, amides or nitriles, such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, in addition N-substituted maleimides and ethers, such as vinyl butyl ether, vinylhysobutyl ether or

Vinyl phenyl ether.

Suitable surface-active substances that can be contained in the agents according to the invention are all those substances with surface-active properties that are usually present in plant treatment agents. Nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty amine ethoxylates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylarylsulfonates, aryl sulfates and silicone surfactants are preferred. Examples of such surfactants are found in Mc Cutcheon's "Emulsifiers and Detergents" 1982 North America Edit, MC Publishing

Co., 175 Rock Road, Glen Rock, NJ 07 452, USA.

Colorants which are soluble or sparingly soluble are pigments, such as, for example, titanium dioxide, carbon black or zinc oxide.

All substances that can normally be used for this purpose in plant treatment agents are suitable as anoxidants. Sterically hindered phenols and alkyl-substituted hydroxyanisoles and hydroxytoluenes are preferred.

All substances which can normally be used for this purpose in plant treatment agents are suitable as thickeners. Organic polymers such as partially or fully neutralized polyacrylic acids (Carbopol ^® ), polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymers or copolymers (Luviskol K ^® or Luviskol VA ^® ), polyethylene glycols (Polyox ^® ), ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers (Pluronic ^® ) are preferred. Polyvinyl alcohols and non-ionically or ionically modified

Celluloses (Tylose ^® ), thixotropic thickeners based on xanthan (Kelzan ^® ), and also inorganic disperse thickeners, such as precipitated or pyrogenic silicas, kaolins, bentonites, aluminum / silicon mixed oxides and silicates.

Cold stabilizers are all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in plant treatment products. Preferably come into question

Urea, glycerin or propylene glycol.

All inert materials that can normally be used for this purpose in plant treatment agents are also suitable as fillers. Rock flour, calcium carbonate, quartz flour and aluminum are preferred.

/ Mixed silicon oxides or hydroxides.

Suitable solvents are all inert organic solvents which can usually be used for this purpose in plant treatment compositions. Glycols such as propylene glycol and polyethylene glycols with different molecular weights are preferred; Ketones such as methyl isobutyl and methyl isopropyl ketone and cyclohexanone; Amides such as dimethyl or diethylformamide; N, N-dialkylated Carbonsäureami de (eg Hallcomid ^®); Alkyl lactams, such as substituted pyrrolidones (such as N-methylpyrrolidone and Surfadone ^®) and caprolactams (eg Azone ^®); Hydrocarbons, n-paraffins and isoparaffins with different boiling ranges, as are available, for example, under the trade names Exxol ^® , Norpar ^® and Isopar ^® ; aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene and aromatic distillation cuts (eg Solvesso ^® ); Esters such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dibutyl adipate and di-n-butyl phthalate; Ethers such as propylene glycol methyl or butyl ether; Alcohols such as ethanol, n- and i-propanol, n- and i-butanol, n- and i-amyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, l-methoxy-2-propanol and higher alcohols, as well as liquid carriers obtained by modification of vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil methyl ester and 2-ethylhexyl laurate; and also dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran. The solvents can be used as individual components or as mixtures. Particularly preferred are those that use the UV

Stabilizer or the unsaturated oil are miscible and not excessively volatile. Pheromones can be contained in the agents according to the invention in all the usual substances which have an attractive effect on the apple wrap males to be controlled or which change their behavior. The following substances are mentioned as examples of such substances:

Z-5-decenyl acetate, dodecanyl acetate, Z-7-dodecenyl acetate, E-7-dodecenyl acetate, Z-8-dodecenyl acetate, E-8-dodecenyl acetate, Z-9-dodecenyl acetate, E-9-dodecenyl acetate, E-10-dodecenyl acetate 11-dodecenyl acetate, Z-9, 11-dodecadienyl acetate, E-9, 11-dodecadienyl acetate, Z-11 tridecenyl acetate, E-11 tridecenyl acetate, tetradecenyl acetate,

E-7-tetradecenyl acetate, Z-8-tetradecenyl acetate, E-8-tetradecenyl acetate, Z-9-tetra-decenyl acetate, E-9-tetradecenyl acetate, Z-10-tetradecenyl acetate, E-10-tetradecenyl acetate, Z-11 - Tetradecenyl acetate, E-11 tetradecenyl acetate, Z-12 pentadecenyl acetate, E-12 pentadecenyl acetate, hexadecanyl acetate, Z-7 hexadecenyl acetate, Z-11 hexadecenyl acetate, E-11 hexadecenyl acetate, octadecanyl acetate, E, 9-dodecadienyl acetate, Z, E-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, E, E-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, Z, Z-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, E, E-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate, E, Z-9,12-dodecadienyl acetate, E, Z-4,7-tridecadienyl acetate, 4-methoxy-cinnamaldehyde, β-ionone, estragol, eugenol, indole, 8-methyl-2-decyl propanoate, E, E-9, 11-tetradecadienyl acetate, Z, Z-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, Z, Z-7, 11 l-hexadecadienyl acetate, E, Z-7, 11 l-hexadecadienyl acetate, Z, E-7,11-

Hexadecadienyl acetate, E, E-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, Z, E-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, E, Z-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, E, E-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, ethanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, Decanol, Z-6-nonenol, E-6-nonenol, dodecanol, 11-dodecenol, Z- 7-dodecenol, E-7-dodecenol, Z-8-dodecenol, E-8-dodecenol, E-9-dodecenol, Z-9- dodecenol, E-9, l l-dodecadienol, Z-9, l l-dodecadienol, Z, E-5,7-dodecadienol, E, E-

5,7-dodecadienol, E, E-8,10-dodecadienal, E, E-8,10-dodecadienol, E, Z-8,10-dodecadienol, Z, Z-8,10-dodecadienol, Z, E-8,10-dodecadienol, E, Z-7,9-dodecadienol, Z, Z- 7,9-dodecadienol, E-5-tetradecenol, Z-8-tetradecenol, Z-9-tetradecenol, E-9- Tetradecenol, Z-10-Tetradecenol, Zl 1-Tetradecenol, E-11-Tetradecenol, Zl 1-Hexadecenol, Z, E-9.1 1-Tetradecadienol, Z, E-9.12-Tetradecadienol, Z, Z-9 , 12-

Tetradecadienol, Z, Z-10.12-Tetradecadienol, Z, Z-7.1 1 -Hexadecadienol, Z, E-7.11- Hexadecadienol, (E) - 14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1 -ol, (Z) - 14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1 -ol, E, E-10,12-hexadecadienol, E, Z-10, 12-Hexadecadienol, Dodecanal, Z-9-Dodecenal, Tetradecanal, Z-7-Tetradecenal, Z-9-Tetradecenal, Z-11-Tetradecenal, El 1- Tetradecenal, E-11, 13-Tetradecadienal, E, E-8 , 10-tetradecadienal, Z, E-9, 11- tetradecadienal, Z, E-9,12-tetradecadienal, hexadecanal, Z-8-hexadecenal, Z-9-

Hexadecenal, Z-10-Hexadecenal, E-10-Hexadecenal, Zl 1 -Hexadecenal, El 1-Hexadecenal, Z-12-Hexadecenal, Z-13-Hexadecenal, (Z) -14-Methyl-8-Hexadecenal, (E ) -14-methyl-8-hexadecenal, Z, Z-7,11-hexadecadienal, Z, E-7,11-hexadecadienal, Z, E-9,11-hexadecadienal, E, E-10,12-hexadecadienal, E, Z-10,12-Hexadecadienal, Z, E-10,12-Hexadecadienal, Z, Z-10,12-Hexadecadienal, Z, Zl l, 13-Hexadecadienal, Octa-decanal, Z-1 1-Octadecenal, E-13-octadecenal, Z-13-octadecenal, Z-5-decenyl-3-methyl-butanoate, Seudenol: 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-l-ol, Sulcatol: 6-methyl-5-hepten-2- ol, cis-2-verbenol: cis-4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo [3, l, l] hept-3-en-2-ol cucurbitacin, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 4-methyl -3-heptanol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 4-methyl-3-heptanol, α-caryophyllene: 4, 11, 11 l-trimethyl-8-methylene bicyclo [7.2.0] undecan, Z-9-

Tricosen, α-multistriatin 2 (2-endo, 4-endo) -5-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo [3,2, l] octane, methyleugenol: 1,2-dimethoxy- 4- (2-propenyl) phenol, lineatin: 3,3,7-trimethyl-2,9-dioxatricyclo [3,3, 1,0] nonane, chalcogran: 2-ethyl-1,6, dioxa-spiro [4th , 4] nonane, frontalin: 1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo [3,2,1] octane, endo-brevicomine: endo-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo [3,2 , l] octane, exo-brevicomine: exo-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo [3,2, l] octane, (Z) -5- (l-decenyl) dihydro-2- (3H ) - furanone, farnesol 3,7-, l-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-l-ol, nerolidol 3,7, -11-trimethyl-1, 6, 10-dodecatrien-3-ol, 3 -Methyl, 6- (1 -methylethenyl) -9-decen-1-ol acetate, (Z) -3-methyl-6- (1-methylethenyl) -3, 9-decadiene-1-ol acetate, ( E) -3, 9-methyl-6- (1-methylethenyl) -5, 8-decadiene-1-ol acetate, 3-methylene-7-methyl-octene-1-ol propionate,

(Z) -3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-l-ol-propionate, (Z) -3,9-dimethyl-6- (l-methylethenyl) -3.9-decadien-l -ol- propionate.

The concentrations of the individual components can be varied within a wide range in the agents according to the invention. That's how they are Concentrations, after subtracting the water possibly contained in the agents according to the invention

of carboxylic acid esters of the formula (I) in general between 0.01 and 50% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 10% by weight, particularly preferably between 0.05 and 10% by weight, particularly preferably between 0, 05 and 3% by weight,

UV absorbers generally between 1 and 40% by weight, preferably between 5 and 20% by weight,

unsaturated oils between 10 and 90% by weight, preferably between 40 and 85% by weight,

of pesticidal active substances in general between 0 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0 and 5% by weight,

of additives between 0 and 70% by weight, preferably between 0 and 60% by weight,

of pheromones generally between 0.01 and 1% by weight, preferably between 0.05 and 0.3% by weight.

The agents according to the invention can also contain water. The water content is variable within a wide range before drying. It is generally between 0 and 80% by weight.

The preparation of the agents according to the invention is generally carried out by first dissolving or dispersing a carboxylic acid ester of the formula (I), optionally one or more UV absorbers, optionally one or more insecticidal active ingredients and optionally a pheromone in if appropriate, a premix with an unsaturated oil while stirring at temperatures between 20 ° C. and 70 ° C., preferably at room temperature, and optionally adding additives. In the manufacture of agents according to the invention, however, the procedure can also be different. For example, the premix can be dispersed in water with stirring at temperatures between 20 ° C. and 70 ° C., preferably at room temperature, in a solution of at least one surface-active substance. The dispersion can be carried out in such a way that an oil-in-water emulsion is formed in which the average particle size is generally between 0.5 and 50 μm, but preferably between 1 and 20 μm. The resulting emulsion can then be added with stirring

Temperatures between 20 ° C and 70 ° C, but preferably at room temperature, with a solution or dispersion of at least one polymer in water and optionally with additives.

In the preparation of the agents according to the invention, however, you can also in other

Way. In principle, it is possible to mix the components in any order. All the stirring and mixing units customary for this purpose can be used to produce the agents according to the invention.

The agents according to the invention are obtained in the production in a thin or viscous state. After application, depending on the type of manufacture, they remain viscous or form a non-flowable covering.

The agents according to the invention can be applied to the plants or cultivated areas to be treated and distributed there in the form of droplets, drop-like areas or thin delimited layers using conventional devices, as are known to the person skilled in the art, and distributed there. A method is particularly suitable for the treatment of orchards, in which the formulations according to the invention are dispensed in a defined amount onto the branches and / or leaves of the stem with the aid of metering dispensers, pipettes or syringes

Plants are applied, the application device being used for flat division of the means over a larger area can also be provided with a coating device or with a flat nozzle. It is also possible to spread the formulations according to the invention on a solid base and to let them dry there.

The amounts in which the agents according to the invention are applied can be varied within a substantial range. They are generally of the order of magnitude that is usually chosen for the use of "attract-and-kill formulations".

The agents according to the invention can also be applied to a suitable, e.g. glued pad, e.g. by brushing, spraying, impregnation, printing, applied, optionally together with other effective agents, such as attracting colors and / or heat and / or moisture.

The agents according to the invention can be incorporated into adhesive traps, the mixtures either being mixed with the insect trapping glue, but preferably being applied to the glue and very particularly preferably to an absorbent pad (e.g. filter paper strips) which is then applied to the glue. This is located on a suitable base, preferably made of cardboard material, which is provided with a color which enhances the attracting effect, particularly preferably dark tones, very particularly preferably black.

The shape is either flat (catch surface) or tubular (catch tube), in which case the glue is on the outside and / or inside.

The agents according to the invention can also be in a form in which they are released over a longer period of time (slow release formulations). For this purpose, commercially available pheromone dispensers can be used, for example, or they are incorporated into polymer material, paraffins, waxes etc. or are microencapsulated. The agents according to the invention can also be used in other trap systems, for example electrical traps with high-voltage grids or suction traps, the mixtures according to the invention being applied to the trap either on inert carrier material (for example cardboard, filter paper) or as slow release formulations.

The "slow release formulations" can also be used for monitoring in addition to attracting and combating apple wrappers.

The use of the agents according to the invention is illustrated by the following examples.

test method

Attracting apples wrappers in a Y-tube olfactometer

Fertilized female apple winder and male apple winder for comparison are tested.

The Y-tube olfactometer is dark, the temperature is 24 ° C.

Cleaned, humidified air is introduced into the two arms of the Y-tube olfactometer.

In one arm of the Y-tube olfactometer is a chamber with 50 μl test substance (carboxylic acid ester dissolved in hexane), applied to a silicone / Teflon septum, in the other arm is the pure solvent.

A moth is placed at the entrance of the Y-tube olfactometer and the position of the moth is changed after 15 min. recorded.

If the moth remains in the outlet pipe, this behavior is classified as a non-choice. If the moth chooses the test substance or the control, this behavior is classified as an option.

The significant attractiveness is calculated using the X ² square test (Zar, Biostatistical Analysis, Prentice Hall Intern. Inc., 4 ^th Edition, 6635, 1998).

The experiments listed in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 were carried out using the method described above.

Claims

claims

1. Use of compounds of the formula (I)

OR ^a -C-OR ^b (I)

in which

R ^{a represents} optionally branched C1-C ₇ alkyl and

R ^{b represents} optionally branched C _j -Cg alkyl

as attractants for female apple winder.

2. Use of compounds of formula (I) according to claim 1, in which

R ^{a represents} optionally branched C -Cg alkyl and

R ^b is optionally substituted branched C3-C ₇ alkyl

as attractants for female apple winder.

3. Use of compounds of formula (I) according to claim 1, in which

R ^{a stands} for unbranched C3-Cö-alkyl and

R ^{b represents} unbranched C ₃ -C ₇ alkyl

as an attractant for female apple winder.

4. Use of the compound of formula (I) according to claim 1, in which

R ^{a stands} for n-pentyl and

R ^{b represents} n-butyl

as an attractant for female apple winder.

5. Use of the compound of formula (I) in which

R ^{a stands} for n-pentyl and

R ^{b represents} n-hexyl

as an attractant for female apple winder.

6. Compositions containing one or more compounds of the formula (I) according to Claims 1 to 5.

7. A method for attracting female apple winder, characterized in that means according to claim 6 are applied in the habitat of female apple winder.

8. Composition according to claim 6, characterized in that additional pheromones are included.

9. A method of attracting male and female apple wingers, characterized in that agents are applied in accordance with claim 8 in the apple moth habitat.