WO2001020946A1 - Procede et systeme permettant de definir une qualite de service pour des communications entre une station mobile et un reseau de communications sans fil par paquets - Google Patents

Procede et systeme permettant de definir une qualite de service pour des communications entre une station mobile et un reseau de communications sans fil par paquets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001020946A1
WO2001020946A1 PCT/US2000/022261 US0022261W WO0120946A1 WO 2001020946 A1 WO2001020946 A1 WO 2001020946A1 US 0022261 W US0022261 W US 0022261W WO 0120946 A1 WO0120946 A1 WO 0120946A1
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Prior art keywords
service
quality
voice
mobile station
multimedia
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PCT/US2000/022261
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English (en)
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WO2001020946A9 (fr
Inventor
Kumar Balachandran
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Ericsson Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Ericsson Inc. filed Critical Ericsson Inc.
Priority to DE10084984T priority Critical patent/DE10084984B3/de
Priority to JP2001524393A priority patent/JP4505167B2/ja
Priority to AU69054/00A priority patent/AU6905400A/en
Publication of WO2001020946A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001020946A1/fr
Publication of WO2001020946A9 publication Critical patent/WO2001020946A9/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to radio communication systems and methods, and more particularly to systems and methods for transmitting and receiving data on a radio channel.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile cornrnunications
  • the GSM system has been extended in order to facilitate wireless packet data corrimunications.
  • the General Packet Radio Service has been designed to facilitate packet data communications over a radio channel.
  • the GPRS system is described, for example, in European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) publication GSM 03.60 V.5.2.0 1997-1 entitled Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service description; Stage 2 (GSM 03.60 version 5.2.0), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • Service description Stage 2
  • GSM 03.60 version 5.2.0 Stage 2
  • GPRS Enhanced GPRS
  • EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
  • the design and operation of EGPRS and EDGE are well known to those having skill in the art and need not be described further herein.
  • FIG 1 is an overall block diagram of a GPRS architecture.
  • the GPRS architecture includes a plurality of Mobile Stations (MS) that communicate with the GPRS network using a wireless radiotelephone link.
  • An MS includes a Mobile Terminal (MT) and Terminal Equipment (TE).
  • MT Mobile Terminal
  • TE Terminal Equipment
  • the Um access point is used for mobile access and the R reference point is used for origination or reception of messages.
  • An inter-GPRS interface Gp connects two independent GPRS networks for message exchange.
  • the Gi reference point connects the GPRS network to a Packet Data Network (PDN) or other networks.
  • PDN Packet Data Network
  • FIG. 2 is an overview of a GPRS logical architecture. As shown in Figure 2,
  • GPRS is logically implemented on a GSM structure through the addition of two network nodes, the serving GPRS Support Node (SPSN) and the Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN).
  • the GGSN is a node that is accessed by the packet data network due to evaluation of a packet data protocol address. It contains routing information for attached GPRS users.
  • the SGSN is the node that is serving the MS.
  • the SGSN establishes a mobility management context containing information pertaining to, for example, mobility and security for the MS.
  • the MS communicates with a plurality of Base Station Systems (BSS) using a wireless radiotelephone link.
  • BSS Base Station Systems
  • Figure 3 illustrates a transmission plane of a GPRS system.
  • the transmission plane includes a layered protocol structure providing user information transfer, along with associated information transfer control procedures such as flow control, error detection, error correction, and error recovery.
  • the transmission plane independence of the network subsystem platform from the underlying radio interface may be preserved via the Gb interface.
  • the primary Layer 2 (L2) interface between the MS and the BSS is through the Radio Link Control Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC) block.
  • the RLC portion offers access to control mechanisms associated with the radio resource.
  • the MAC portion allows access to a physical layer.
  • the transmission plane of Figure 3 and the RLC/MAC block are defined in the above-cited GSM 03.60 and GSM 04.60.
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telephone System
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • ERAN EGPRS Radio Access Network
  • a desired quality of service is specified for the mobile station based upon the voice, data processing or multimedia application that is executing on the mobile station, preferably independent of the performance characteristics of the packet wireless communications network.
  • This specified quality of service is conveyed from the mobile station to the packet wireless communication network. Communications then may be established with the mobile station based upon the specified quality of service and the characteristics of the packet wireless commumcations network.
  • the quality of service preferably comprises at least one of a delay sensitivity and an error rate.
  • the quality of service may be specified by the voice, data processing or multimedia application that is executing on the mobile station and/or may be designated by a user of the voice, data processing or multimedia application that is executing on the mobile station.
  • the invention stems from the realization that, when a mobile station executes a voice, data processing or multimedia application, neither the radio access network nor the other networks generally have knowledge of the particular type of application that is being executed on the mobile station. However, since the mobile station has knowledge of the application that it is executing, it can convey a desired quality of service to the packet wireless communication network based on the application that is executing on the mobile station. This specified quality of service, that preferably is independent of the performance characteristics of the packet wireless communication network, can be used to establish communications with the mobile station.
  • a voice telephony application may have delay requirements that are stringent, such as a one-way end-to-end delay that is on the order of 100 milliseconds. This means that the delay on the wireless link preferably should be 60 ms or less.
  • a videoconference application may accept longer delays in return for good performance. Such an application may be able to accept delays on the order of 200-500 ms. This information generally is not available to the radio access network or to the core network for applications that are executing on a mobile station.
  • a quality of service may be specified by the mobile station for the mobile station, based upon the voice, data processing or multimedia application that is executing on the mobile station.
  • the present invention may be particularly advantageous for communicating between a Mobile Station (MS) and an Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Radio Access Network (RAN).
  • the MS comprises Terminal Equipment (TE) that executes voice, data processing or multimedia applications that generate respective voice, processed data or multimedia communications.
  • the MS also comprises a Mobile Terminal (MT) that communicates the voice, processed data or multimedia communications to the EGPRS RAN as packetized data.
  • the TE specifies a quality of service for the communications between the TE and the EGPRS RAN based upon the voice, data processing or multimedia application that is executing on the TE.
  • the specified quality of service is conveyed from the TE to the MT.
  • the specified quality of service then is communicated from the MT to the EGPRS RAN. Communications then may be established between the MS and the EGPS RAN based upon the specified quality of service and the characteristics of the EGPRS RAN.
  • a Quality of Service application runs on a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) layer of the TE and allows the voice, data processing or multimedia application that is executing on the TE to specify a quality of service.
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • a socket-based extension to the R reference point between the TE and MT may be used to convey the specified quality of service from the TE to the MT using a Point-to- Point Protocol (PPP) link layer.
  • PPP Point-to- Point Protocol
  • a Quality of Service application may run on the UDP layer of the MT to communicate the specified quality of service from the MS to the EGPRS RAN using the Um access point.
  • a socket-based Application Program Interface can allow control of quality of service in a radio access network. Improved communication of voice, processed data or multimedia communications between a mobile station and a packet wireless communications network thereby may be provided.
  • Figure 1 is an overall block diagram of a GPRS system.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a logical architecture for a GPRS system.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a conventional protocol stack for the transmission plane of a GRPS system.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an overall architecture for an EGPRS Radio Access
  • ERAN E Radio Network
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram of an ERAN reference architecture.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a user plane protocol for an EGPRS system.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a protocol stack for the Terminal Equipment and Mobile Terminal of a Mobile Station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a flowchart that illustrates operations for communicating between a Mobile Station and a GPRS network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 9A and 9B illustrate examples of an RLC MAC block for GPRS/EGPRS in 8-Phase Shift Keying (8PSK) mode and Gassian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) mode, respectively.
  • 8PSK 8-Phase Shift Keying
  • GMSK Gassian Minimum Shift Keying
  • Figure 10 illustrates an example of changing interleaving based on a specified quality of service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS 11 A and 1 IB illustrate Man-Machine Interfaces for Mobile Terminals that allow user specification of quality of service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention may be embodied as methods, systems (apparatus), or computer program products.
  • the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.
  • blocks of the illustrations support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions and program instructions for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems which perform the specified functions or steps, or by combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
  • the present invention can provide an Application Program Interface (API) that allows voice, data or multimedia applications that are executing on the Terminal Equipment to specify key parameters to the Extended Radio Access Network Application (ERANAP) layer from the Mobile Terminal using a socket-based interface carried by UDP.
  • the parameters can include a quality of service indication from the Mobile Terminal based upon the voice, data processing or multimedia application that is executing on the Terminal Equipment.
  • the specified quality of service can include a delay sensitivity, an error rate, a desired quality of sound to be negotiated from the channel and or other parameters.
  • the quality of service specification may be conveyed from the Terminal Equipment to the Mobile Terminal over a PPP link from the Terminal Equipment to the Mobile Terminal using, for example, the R reference point in an EGPRS Mobile Station. This can allow quality of service provisioning with great flexibility.
  • the delay requirements for real-time IP service generally will vary depending upon the application or service being accessed.
  • Voice delay requirements generally are stringent.
  • the one-way end-to-end delay may need to be on the order of 100 ms.
  • the delay on the wireless link preferably should be 40 ms or less.
  • a video stream may have much looser delay requirements and a low rate digital videoconference session can sustain delays of 200-500 ms for a one-way link.
  • Voice streams associated with the video conference may be subject to similar delays.
  • Frame Error Rate (FER) requirements generally are similar for video streams and voice, i.e., about 1% FER.
  • Delay for collaborative applications such as whiteboarding or talk sessions generally are similar to those for video streams at about 300-500 ms.
  • Unidirectional streams for media content on the world-wide web generally do not have specific delay requirements, other than those imposed by the limited memory in the rendering buffers at the destination.
  • frame error requirements still are expected to be about 1%.
  • Future applications may be implemented with similar or less stringent frame error rates. However, there may be a need for lower frame error rates for specific applications.
  • the present invention stems from the realization that the GPRS network and other networks generally do not have knowledge of the application that runs on the Terminal Equipment. However, the Mobile Terminal is associated closely with the applications rimning on the Terminal Equipment. Accordingly, the present invention allows the Mobile Terminal to specify a quality of service for the Mobile Station based upon the voice, data processing or multimedia application that is executing on the Terminal Equipment, preferably independent of the performance characteristics of the packet wireless communication network. Quality of service may be specified directly by specifying a delay sensitivity and/or error rate. Alternatively, quality of service may be specified by conveying to the radio access network, the type of application that is executing on the terminal equipment, such as a multimedia application, a videoconference or a voice telephony application. Other conventional techniques for specifying a quality of service also may be used.
  • a preferred technique for specifying quality of service allows an application executing on the Terminal Equipment to make specific requests of the radio access network.
  • the Terminal Equipment may choose an interleaving depth based on the apphcation that it executing thereon.
  • a 4-bit code may be assigned to various interleaving options that are available on the GPRS network. Table 1 specifies one possible set of 4-bit codes that are used to specify interleaving depth choice.
  • the Terminal Equipment may select a code for a desired interleaving depth choice based on the application that is executed thereon.
  • the Terminal Equipment may select a particular coding scheme based on the application that is executing thereon by specifying a 4-bit code point.
  • Table 2 illustrates one embodiment of 4-bit codes that can be used to specify coding.
  • Turbo-codes are well known to those having skill in the art and are described for example in a publication entitled Near Shannon Limit Error - Correcting Coding and
  • the present invention may be used in an EGPRS Radio Access Network
  • FIG. 4 illustrates of an overall architecture for an ERAN. As shown in Figure 4, the ERAN functional entity includes three functional subentities: the Radio
  • the ERAN can support real- time IP -based applications.
  • the IuPs' interface includes two planes: the user plane, denoted as IuPS '-u, and the control plane, denoted as IuPS'-c.
  • the user plane interface is between the Enhanced Serving GPRS Support Node (E-SGSN) and the RNGW.
  • the control plane interfaces between the E-SGSN and the RNCF.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram of an ERAN reference architecture.
  • the ERAN reference architecture can provide complete separation of Core Network and Radio Access Network functionality into distinct components.
  • the ERAN reference architecture also can provide one common packet switched code network based on GPRS for all access networks, for example, for both the ERAN and the UMT Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN).
  • UTRAN UMT Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a user plane protocol for an EGPRS system.
  • the R99 and R2000 RLC/MAC layers may differ in the MAC layer procedures alone.
  • the Sub- Network Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP) and Logical Link Control (LLC) layers may be treated as sublayers of the Release 99 Link Layer.
  • the Radio Resource Management Entity is common to each of the user plane stacks shown.
  • radio resources may be drawn from a common pool. All link layers shown may be managed using a common Link Layer Management Entity (LLME), whose interface to higher layer protocols may be a dynamically assigned Network layer . Service Access Point Identifier (NSAPI), and whose interface to lower layers is a link layer SAPI along with Temporary Logical Link Identity (TLLI).
  • LLME Link Layer Management Entity
  • NSAPI Service Access Point Identifier
  • TLLI Temporary Logical Link Identity
  • the Best Efforts-Logical Link Control (BE-LLC) layer reduces link layer overhead for best-effort traffic, and provides unacknowledged transfer of IP datagrams with optional protocol and data compression.
  • the BE-LLC layer preferably is transparent (after header compression) in the user plane for flows that are restricted to single time-slot operation. Minimal overhead may be added to allow multi-slot operation.
  • the Real Time-Logical Link Control (RT-LLC) layer allows transfer of IP/UDP or IP/UDP RTP data with protocol compression. This layer can carry real time flows with end-to-end IP connectivity. An optional single slot with transparency in the user plane after header compression also may be provided.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a protocol stack for the Terminal Equipment and Mobile Terminal of a Mobile Station according to the present invention.
  • voice, data or multimedia applications 510, 520, and 530 respectively execute in an application layer on the UDP layer 540 of the Terminal Equipment.
  • the voice, data or multimedia applications 510, 520, and 530 respectively interface to a quality of service application 550 that also preferably executes in the application layer on the UDP layer 540.
  • the quality of service application 550 interfaces with an Object Resource Broker (ORB) 560 that runs in an application layer on the UDP layer 570 of the Mobile Terminal.
  • the Object Resource Broker interfaces with an EGPRS Radio Access Network Application Part (ERANAP) 580.
  • ERP EGPRS Radio Access Network Application Part
  • applications 510, 520, and 530 can negotiate specific requirements using the ORB 560.
  • the application informs the ERANAP running on the MT about the FER and/or delay requirements for the flow.
  • the ERANAP can translate the requirements into specific requests and can initiate renegotiation procedures for the associated communication channel.
  • a request for interleaving the data portion diagonally over 4-5 Protocol Data Units (PDU) may be sent to the ERAN.
  • the Radio Network Control Functionality (RNCF) can alter the characteristics for an interleaving delay for 100 ms.
  • RCF Radio Network Control Functionality
  • the ORB 560 can be used to negotiate performance requirements. For example, there may be a need for a packet error rate of 0.1%.
  • the application 510-530 could then negotiate channel coding and interleaving with the ORB 560 through the quality of service application 550 to provide the desired performance.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart that illustrates operations for communicating between a Mobile Station and a GPRS network according to the present invention.
  • the Terminal Equipment initializes a voice, data or multimedia application 510-530.
  • the application specifies a quality of service to the quality of service application 550.
  • the quality of service application 550 may accept a specified quality of service from the user of the Terminal Equipment at block 630. User specification of quality of service will be described in detail below.
  • the quality of service application 550 conveys a specified quality of service to the Mobile Terminal, for example using a socket-based R interface and the Object Resource Broker 560.
  • the Mobile Terminal communicates a specified quality of service to the GPRS RAN using the ERANAP 580.
  • the GRPS RAN then establishes communications with the voice, data or multimedia application based upon the quality of service and the performance characteristics of the GPRS RAN at block 660.
  • FIGS 9 A and 9B illustrate examples of embodiments of RLC/MAC blocks for GPRS/EGPRS systems in an 8 Phase Shift Keying (8PSK) and Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) mode, respectively.
  • 8PSK Phase Shift Keying
  • GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
  • the RLC/MAC block spans 4 time slots that are distributed (interleaved) over 4 frames, each frame including 8 slots, in the GSM Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) frame structure.
  • the coded data generally is interleaved over these 4 time slots.
  • the coding rate achievable can vary between 1/12 and 1/5 for 8PSK and 1/4 to 1/2 for GMSK.
  • the RLC/MAC block includes an Uplink State Flag (USF) field that allows the Mobile Terminals to sense the state of the uplink channel.
  • a Payload Type (PT) flag identifies the type of real-time traffic.
  • a Temporary Flow Identifier (TFI) field identifies the Temporary Block Flow to which the data belongs.
  • a Power Reduction (PR) field denotes the reduction in power relative to the BCCH in the next RLC/MAC block.
  • a Coding and Punct ⁇ ring (CPS) field denotes the channel coding protocol.
  • An encryption indicator (K) denotes whether encryption is active.
  • CRC is a Cyclic Redundancy Check field.
  • the distribution of these 36 octets in RLC/MAC blocks varies depending on the interleaving negotiated for the RAB. For example, as shown in Figure 10, two data units of 36 octets may be diagonally interleaved prior to construction of the RLC/MAC block of Figure 9 A or 9B. Alternatively, interleaving may be block oriented. The characteristics of the interleaving for the communication may be stored in the RLC/MAC context for the communication after error negotiations, and need not be signaled over the radio link. As was described above in connection with Figure 8, at block 630, the present invention also contemplates user specification of quality of service instead of or in addition to specification by an application 510-530.
  • Figures 11 A and 1 IB illustrate Man-Machine Interfaces (MMI) on a mobile station that allows user specification of quality of service.
  • Figure 11 A illustrates a mobile station 900 having a touch screen display 910 with a quality of service slider 920 displayed thereon.
  • Figure 11 B illustrates up and down buttons 930 and 940, respectively, on the display 910 of the mobile station 900.
  • Other aspects of the design of the mobile station 900 are well known to those having skill in the art, and need not be described further herein.
  • the user can dynamically specify the desired quality of service using buttons, sliding controls or other well-known user interfaces.
  • the primitives that the user can select may be based on generalities, such as less delay or more delay.
  • Another control may be used to control the perceived quality of a voice or a video application by specifying better quality or lower quality.
  • the user selection may be mapped using a Venn diagram or other approach into characteristics that are available from the network. For example, the user input may be translated into directives to change 40 ms of interleaving to 80 ms of interleaving. The data portion then may be interleaved appropriately after renegotiating procedures are carried out.
  • Transition from one interleaving scheme to another may be accomplished by insertion of dummy frames allowing a temporary flow suspension, and re- establishment of the Temporary Block Flow (TBF) at the RLC/MAC layer.
  • TBF Temporary Block Flow
  • the transition may be accomplished using handover procedures.
  • Transitions from one coding scheme to another also may be accomplished using other standard link adaptation procedures.
  • One of the uses of the quality of service provision may be to limit performance so that lower data rates may be utilized, allowing cheaper access to radio resources. The user thus may be given control over the quality of service and the cost of service as well.
  • an IP based transport network can be completely unaware of the specific application that is requesting the network resources. Stated differently, all data may be treated equally in an IP based transport network. Urihilst, however, the specific application that is executing on
  • Terminal Equipment such as voice, data or multimedia
  • Terminal Equipment may require differing quality of service for acceptable performance.
  • the present invention allows the Mobile
  • Access Network and/or the other networks can provide acceptable quality of service, without knowledge of the application that is executing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une station mobile qui exécute des applications vocales, de traitement de données ou des applications multimédia qui génèrent respectivement des communications vocales, de données traitées ou multimédia qui sont communiquées à un réseau de communications sans fil par paquets par la station mobile comme données « paquétisées ». Une qualité de service est définie pour la station mobile sur la base de l'application vocale, de traitement de données ou multimédia exécutée sur la station mobile, indépendamment des caractéristiques de performance du réseau de communications sans fil par paquets. Cette qualité de service définie est acheminée de la station mobile au réseau de communications sans fil par paquets. Des communications peuvent alors être établies avec le terminal mobile sur la base de la qualité de service spécifiée et des caractéristiques du réseau de communications sans fil par paquets. La présente invention peut être particulièrement avantageuse pour établir des communications entre une station mobile (MS) et un réseau d'accès radio (RAN) d'un service général de radiocommunication amélioré en mode paquet (EGPRS). La MS comprend un équipement de terminal (TE) qui exécute des applications vocales, de traitement de données ou des applications multimédia qui génèrent respectivement des communications vocales, de données traitées ou multimédia. La MS comprend également un terminal mobile (MT) qui communique les communications vocales, de données traitées ou multimédia au RAN de l'EGPRS comme données « paquétisées ». Le TE définit une qualité de service des communications entre le TE et le RAN de l'EGPRS sur la base de l'application vocale, de traitement de données ou multimédia exécutée sur le TE. La qualité de service définie est acheminée du TE au MT, puis communiquée du MT au RAN de l'EGPRS. Des communications peuvent être établies avec la MS sur la base de la qualité de service définie et des caractéristiques du RAN de l'EGPRS.
PCT/US2000/022261 1999-09-15 2000-08-11 Procede et systeme permettant de definir une qualite de service pour des communications entre une station mobile et un reseau de communications sans fil par paquets WO2001020946A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10084984T DE10084984B3 (de) 1999-09-15 2000-08-11 Mobile Station zum Spezifizieren einer Qualität eines Dienstes für eine Kommunikation mit einem Paket-Funkkommunikationsnetzwerk
JP2001524393A JP4505167B2 (ja) 1999-09-15 2000-08-11 移動局とパケット無線通信ネットワークとの間の通信のためのサービス品質を特定するための方法及び装置
AU69054/00A AU6905400A (en) 1999-09-15 2000-08-11 Method and system for specifying a quality of service for communication between a mobile station and a packet wireless communications network

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US39699099A 1999-09-15 1999-09-15
US09/396,990 1999-09-15

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WO2001020946A1 true WO2001020946A1 (fr) 2001-03-22
WO2001020946A9 WO2001020946A9 (fr) 2002-07-11

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CN1177507C (zh) 2004-11-24
AU6905400A (en) 2001-04-17
CN1399854A (zh) 2003-02-26
JP4505167B2 (ja) 2010-07-21
MY125299A (en) 2006-07-31
DE10084984B3 (de) 2012-08-30
DE10084984T1 (de) 2002-08-14
WO2001020946A9 (fr) 2002-07-11

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