WO2001020718A1 - Systeme d'antenne - Google Patents

Systeme d'antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001020718A1
WO2001020718A1 PCT/SE2000/001700 SE0001700W WO0120718A1 WO 2001020718 A1 WO2001020718 A1 WO 2001020718A1 SE 0001700 W SE0001700 W SE 0001700W WO 0120718 A1 WO0120718 A1 WO 0120718A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna arrangement
arrangement
switches
patch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2000/001700
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Corbett Rowell
Original Assignee
Avantego Ab
Integra Antennas Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Avantego Ab, Integra Antennas Limited filed Critical Avantego Ab
Priority to EP00959103A priority Critical patent/EP1228551A1/fr
Priority to AU70483/00A priority patent/AU7048300A/en
Publication of WO2001020718A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001020718A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/005—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements for radiating non-sinusoidal waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/14—Length of element or elements adjustable

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an antenna arrangement for radiating electromagnetical waves. More specially, the invention relates to an antenna arrangement of the type that comprises a plane of at least one radiating element arranged relative a ground plane, at said least one of element being provided with feed and/or ground connections and having a first electrical characteristic.
  • Wireless phones have traditionally used external antennas (whip and helix) for transmitting and receiving. These antennas radiate outward in all directions. When the phone is placed on a table or in a pocket, this radiation property is highly desired to ensure good reception. When the user talks on the phone, however, the body- loss-effect is up to 40% of this radiation. This body-loss-effect degrades the receiving and transmitting performances and is unwanted. Also the body-loss-effect effect the SAR value that is regulated from , e.g., FCC in US.
  • Wheeler's Law states that for a given antenna size there is a maximum attainable performance (in terms of bandwidth and efficiency). Moreover, there is continued demand for increase of antennas' performance by: - Increasing the antenna's performance by increasing the size (as dictated by Wheeler's law), or by keeping the performance the same, but using different techniques to enable the antenna to effectively operate over a larger frequency band.
  • an oscillator circuit is arranged near the feed of a balanced antenna.
  • the loading circuit adjusts the natural resonance of the antenna to minimize the reflected power.
  • This provides more tuning freedom than matching circuit switching, increases the effective bandwidth of balanced antennas and no feedback circuitry is required.
  • the solution is complex, requiring several components, it works only with balanced antennas and it is difficult to implement for multiple band solutions. All the previous examples employ a variant of some type of "switching": i.e. change the inductive or capacitive loading conditions of the antenna to adjust its frequency.
  • antennas discussed previously are considered passive antennas. Passive antennas do not change or adapt themselves to their environment.
  • An active antenna contains a small circuit, which can adjust the antennas' properties according to its immediate environment. Typically, when the user places their hand over the phone, the antenna's properties change, usually by detuning the antenna (e.g. bad performance in the required frequency band).
  • An active antenna according to the invention will change its own properties to adapt to different hand positions on the phone, optimizing the handset performance.
  • the circuit can be used to allow the internal antenna to cover several frequency bands.
  • the antenna is switched between frequencies using the circuit.
  • a third use of active antennas is to integrate diversity functions into a single antenna.
  • the circuit can be used to switch polarizations in a single antenna. (Traditional diversity antenna systems need more than one antenna, using more volume within the phone.)
  • the active antenna can greatly enhance the properties of an internal antenna within future mobile phone technologies.
  • the main object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems related with the prior art.
  • said arrangement comprises at least one controllable switching arrangement and that said radiating element is arranged to adopt at least a second electrical characteristic when said at least one controllable switching arrangement connects between a first and a second position and change a current path through said radiating element.
  • the arrangement comprises at least two radiating elements.
  • the switching arrangement electrically connects between said radiating elements and reconfigures geometrical characteristics of said elements upon reception of a control signal.
  • the switching arrangement is one of a diode, transistor, MEM or piezoelectric element etc.
  • the antenna arrangement comprises of a carrier, on one surface provided with a layer of separated patches, constituting the radiating antenna elements, a first patch containing feed and ground connections, the remaining patch(es) being isolated from the first patch, between said isolated patches and the first patch being arranged a network of switches being connected to a control circuit.
  • the control circuit has a separate ground, which is isolated from said antenna by quarter wave microstrip lines and operates through connection to several different levels of voltage.
  • the voltage enters a voltage comparator, which turns said network of switches on and off according the voltage level.
  • the control circuit has an input analog voltage, whereby an A/D-converter converts an analog signal to a digital signal to control said switches between said antenna patches.
  • the switches are ground isolated from said antenna element using 1/4 microstrip lines.
  • the switching is slow between frequency bands and can accommodate either analog input or digital input for antenna control.
  • the patches are switched on and off, forming different geometries of the antenna.
  • the antenna arrangement comprises a carrier, on which a number of radiating elements in form of conductive films are arranged and at least one switch is arranged there between.
  • the switch is connected to a control signal via a resistor and a LC network.
  • At least one radiating element is provided with additional feed or ground connections, which are provided with switches to through switching allow change of the a current path through the radiating element.
  • the antenna arrangement comprises at least four input lines, feed, ground, serial digital input and clock.
  • the serial digital bits, from the communication device circuitry are converted into a set of parallel bits, which then controls the set of switches.
  • the conversion is achieved by means of a serial-to-parallel converter controlled by said clock signal.
  • the antenna element substantially meander shaped.
  • the feed is connected to the antenna through a capacitive feeding arrangement.
  • two or more switches are arranged between a first active patch and a second passive patch.
  • the invention also relates to a method of changing said characteristic in antenna arrangement of the type that comprises a plane of at least one radiating element arranged relative a ground plane, at said least one of element being provided with feed and/or ground connections and having a first electrical characteristic.
  • the method comprises arranging at least one controllable switching arrangement, and connecting between a first and a second position BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a solution according to the prior art
  • Fig. 2 is another schematic illustration of a solution according to the prior art
  • Fig. 3a is schematic view of a first embodiment of an antenna arrangement in perspective, according to the invention
  • Fig. 3b is an enlarged view of the antenna element according to fig. 3a
  • Fig. 4 is schematic view of a second embodiment of an antenna arrangement in perspective, according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view along line V-V in fig. 4,
  • Fig. 6 is a third embodiment of an antenna arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 7 is a fourth embodiment of an antenna arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 8 is a fifth embodiment of an antenna arrangement according to the invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a sixth embodiment of an antenna arrangement according to the invention.
  • the present invention involves integrating a circuit into the antenna structure itself.
  • This new type of antenna is no longer dependent on the characteristics of the circuit components. It operates over a much wider frequency band with little decrease in performance (compared to the theoretical optimum antenna).
  • the antenna according to the invention is able to optimize the phones' performance while keeping the body-loss-effect low.
  • the physical geometry of the antenna is changed, which allows the antenna to be switched between frequency bands or polarizations, and fulfils two rules: -
  • the feed and ground connections are connected via a base patch , and remaining patches are parasitic elements when switched off.
  • the antenna consists of an N-by-N grid, including 1 by 1, array of metal (conductive) patches.
  • the metal patches can be of arbitrary shape and size and for simplicity, rectangular elements are used.
  • the antenna is located above a ground plane (either partially or entirely). Between each element and its neighbor are switches. This antenna is intended for mobile phone or other communication device use and may be tightly integrated with the RF receiver chain. These switches may consist of diodes, transistors, or micromachined elements.
  • the switches can be controlled by a FPGA or by setting the input voltage level into the antenna.
  • the FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • the FPGA consists of a bank of transistors designed to reconfigure itself, depending on the data input. When the FPGA reconfigures itself, these signals are passed on down to the switches in the N-by-N antenna array.
  • the other option is to use a voltage level to set the switching pattern on the N-by-N antenna array.
  • the feeding element In this embodiment (lxl) feed and ground are connected to the feeding element.. The connection to ground is required for size reduction.
  • the additional antenna elements may consist of 2-D patches or capacitive loads, where one section of the element is closer to ground than the rest of the element.
  • this antenna system By controlling the switching of the antenna elements, there are several different applications for this antenna system, for example: Multiple band antennas, i.e. 4 to 5 frequency bands on the same antenna, finger effects, i.e. adjust the resonant frequency to compensate loss of performance due to the user shifting their finger on the back of the mobile handset, and SAR, which means by controlling the direction of the currents, this can reduce the amount of body-loss-effect.
  • Multiple band antennas i.e. 4 to 5 frequency bands on the same antenna
  • finger effects i.e. adjust the resonant frequency to compensate loss of performance due to the user shifting their finger on the back of the mobile handset
  • SAR which means by controlling the direction of the currents, this can reduce the amount of body-loss-effect.
  • One embodiment of the antenna 300 comprises of a double-sided PCB 310.
  • a network of separated patches 321-323 constituting the radiating antenna elements, is arranged on the upper surface.
  • a first patch 321 (active patch) contains feed and ground connections, 340 and 350, respectively, to the handsets' PCB 310.
  • the remaining patches 322 and 323 are isolated from the feeding patch.
  • the RF switching may include diodes, transistors, MEMs, piezoelectric elements etc. This network of switches is connected through vias 311-313 to the opposite side of the PCB with the control circuit 370.
  • the patches are arranged above a ground plane 390 (not shown in fig. 3a for clarity reason), covering it at least partly.
  • the active patch 321 may also comprise of a switching center (not shaped as a patch). Moreover, the active patch does not need to be connected to both feed and ground connections. It may only be connected to one of ground or feed connections.
  • the space between the ground plane and the patches may contain air or a dielectric spacer means, which allows reduction of size.
  • the control circuit 370 has a separate ground, which is isolated from the antenna by quarter wave microstrip lines (not shown).
  • the voltage enters a voltage comparator, which then turns the network of RF switches on and off according to the voltage level. Since the controlling circuit is DC and the RF switches are "slow", there is no inter-modulation between the antenna and the control circuit (a common problem with past active antennas). Since there is no inter- modulation between the controlling circuit and the AC current in the antenna, the controlling circuit does not need to be isolated from the antenna (i.e. with a form of shielding, or grounding). Previous active antennas need to have this shielding which affects the performance of the antenna. In addition, this allows the controlling circuit to be integrated together with the antenna, simplifying production and resulting in a more mechanically stable antenna.
  • Diodes can be ground isolated from antenna using 1/4 microstrip lines. Switching is "slow" between frequency bands and can accommodate either analogue input or digital input for antenna control. The concept is extendable to diversity antennas, frequency tuning, etc.
  • the patches on the upper layer of the PCB are switched on and off, forming different geometries of the antenna. These different geometries are primarily metal plates and therefore have excellent conductivity and good radiation efficiency.
  • the patches can be slowly switched (about once every few minutes up to once every few days) from one frequency band to another (i.e. from GSM to UMTS or PCN). These slow switches do not interfere with the phone's circuitry (as explained above).
  • Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of an antenna arrangement 400 according to the invention.
  • the antenna comprises a carrier 410, on which a number of radiating elements 421 and 422 are arranged.
  • the radiating elements are conductive films adhered or in a suitable way attached to the carrier 410.
  • the first element 421 is fed and connected to ground through connections 440 and 450, respectively.
  • a switching element 460 is arranged between the radiating elements.
  • a ground plane (not shown) is arranged inside the carrier under the radiating elements.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-section along line V-V in fig. 4.
  • the switch 460 for example a diode, is connected between the elements 421 and 422.
  • a hole 501 is arranged through which the switch is connected to a control signal via a resistor 503 and a LC network comprising an inductive element 502 and a capacitive element 504.
  • the inductive element 502 e.g. an inductance, is arranged to eliminate the feedback of radio frequency signals.
  • the capacitive element is arranged between the ground and the input signal.
  • the antenna 700 requires four input lines: feed 740, ground 750, serial digital input 780, and clock 790.
  • the serial digital bits (from the phone circuitry, not shown) are converted into a set of parallel bits, with a serial -to- parallel converter 795 controlled by the clock signal 790, which then controls the set of switches embedded within the antenna.
  • the advantage with this antenna is that no analog input/connection required as some handsets try to minimize the analog components within the phone. In this configuration, only a digital input/connection is required.
  • Fig. 8 shows another embodiment of an antenna 800, in which an antenna element 821, substantially meander formed, is arranged above a ground plane 890.
  • a switch center 805 is arranged to feed different positions of the antenna element.
  • Each connection to the antenna element may also be substituted with separate switches of above-mentioned type.
  • the antenna element is connected to ground through connection 850.
  • the antenna arrangement 900 comprises a first patch 921 and a second, substantially U-shaped patch 922, both arranged relative to a ground plane 990 and electrically isolated from each other.
  • the first patch 921 may be connected to the feed and ground connections, not shown for simplicity.
  • the first patch 921 can be electrically connected to the second patch 922 through switches 961 and 962. By connecting the first patch to the second patch in different positions through the switches the electrical characteristics of the antenna is changed, thus providing different antenna characteristics.
  • the antennas described here can be used in any device having need for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic radiation, such as for example cellular phones, any radio device, PCMCIA cards, Blutooth devices, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'antenne (300, 400, 600, 700, 800, 900) comprenant un réseau d'au moins un élément rayonnant (321, 322, 323, 421, 422, 423, 621, 622, 623, 721, 722, 723, 821, 921, 922) disposés par rapport à un réseau terre (390), le ou lesdits éléments étant dotés de connexions d'alimentation (340, 440, 640, 740, 940) et/ou de masse (350, 450, 650a-650d, 750, 850, 950) et présentant une première caractéristique électrique. Ledit système comporte au moins un dispositif de commutation commandé (360, 361, 362, 460, 860, 961, 962), et ledit élément rayonnant (321, 322, 323, 421, 422, 423, 621, 622, 623, 721, 722, 723) est conçu pour présenter au moins une deuxième caractéristique électrique lorsque ledit système de commutation commandé assure la connexion entre une première et une deuxième position et modifie le trajet du courant dans ledit élément rayonnant.
PCT/SE2000/001700 1999-09-10 2000-09-04 Systeme d'antenne WO2001020718A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00959103A EP1228551A1 (fr) 1999-09-10 2000-09-04 Systeme d'antenne
AU70483/00A AU7048300A (en) 1999-09-10 2000-09-04 Antenna arrangement

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15334599P 1999-09-10 1999-09-10
US60/153,345 1999-09-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001020718A1 true WO2001020718A1 (fr) 2001-03-22

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ID=22546813

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2000/001700 WO2001020718A1 (fr) 1999-09-10 2000-09-04 Systeme d'antenne

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1228551A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU7048300A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001020718A1 (fr)

Cited By (52)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1198027A1 (fr) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-17 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Antenne miniaturisée
EP1248317A1 (fr) * 2001-04-02 2002-10-09 Nokia Corporation Antenne planaire multibandes accordable électriquement
EP1296410A1 (fr) * 2001-09-19 2003-03-26 Nokia Corporation Antenne multibande interne
WO2004023598A1 (fr) * 2002-09-04 2004-03-18 Perlos Ab Dispositif d'antenne
WO2004047220A1 (fr) * 2002-11-20 2004-06-03 Nokia Corporation Systeme d'antenne controlable
WO2004095633A1 (fr) * 2003-04-24 2004-11-04 Amc Centurion Ab Dispositif antenne et dispositif de radiocommunication portable comprenant un tel dispositif d'antenne
FR2856846A1 (fr) * 2003-06-27 2004-12-31 Univ Rennes Antenne imprimee agile en frequence a tres large excursion continue ou discrete
WO2005048403A1 (fr) * 2003-11-12 2005-05-26 Amc Centurion Ab Dispositif antenne et appareil de communication radio portable dote de ce dispositif antenne
FR2864353A1 (fr) * 2003-12-23 2005-06-24 Sagem Antenne a surface(s) rayonnante(s) plane(s) multibande et telephone portable comportant une telle antenne.
FR2866987A1 (fr) * 2004-03-01 2005-09-02 Thomson Licensing Sa Antenne planaire multibandes
WO2006031171A1 (fr) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-23 Amc Centurion Ab Dispositif d'antenne et dispositif de radiocommunication comportant un tel dispositif d'antenne
WO2006031170A1 (fr) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-23 Amc Centurion Ab Antenne et dispositif portable de radiocommunications la contenant
FR2882854A1 (fr) * 2005-03-02 2006-09-08 Sagem Perfectionnement aux antennes planaires
EP1879255A2 (fr) * 2006-07-04 2008-01-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Antenne multibande dotée d'un découplage
EP1714351B1 (fr) * 2004-02-02 2009-04-08 AMC Centurion AB Dispositif d'antenne et dispositif de radiocommunications portatif equipe de ce dispositif
US7616158B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2009-11-10 Hong Kong Applied Science And Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Multi mode antenna system
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US9123990B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-09-01 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-feed antenna apparatus and methods
US9203154B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2015-12-01 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-resonance antenna, antenna module, radio device and methods
US9246210B2 (en) 2010-02-18 2016-01-26 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna with cover radiator and methods
US9350081B2 (en) 2014-01-14 2016-05-24 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable multi-radiator high band antenna apparatus
US9407976B2 (en) 2014-02-04 2016-08-02 Raytheon Company Photonically routed transmission line
US9406998B2 (en) 2010-04-21 2016-08-02 Pulse Finland Oy Distributed multiband antenna and methods
US9437921B2 (en) 2014-02-04 2016-09-06 Raytheon Company Optically reconfigurable RF fabric
US9450291B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2016-09-20 Pulse Finland Oy Multiband slot loop antenna apparatus and methods
US9461371B2 (en) 2009-11-27 2016-10-04 Pulse Finland Oy MIMO antenna and methods
US9484619B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2016-11-01 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable diversity antenna apparatus and methods
US9531058B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2016-12-27 Pulse Finland Oy Loosely-coupled radio antenna apparatus and methods
US9590308B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2017-03-07 Pulse Electronics, Inc. Reduced surface area antenna apparatus and mobile communications devices incorporating the same
US9634383B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2017-04-25 Pulse Finland Oy Galvanically separated non-interacting antenna sector apparatus and methods
US9639001B2 (en) 2014-02-04 2017-05-02 Raytheon Company Optically transitioned metal-insulator surface
US9647338B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2017-05-09 Pulse Finland Oy Coupled antenna structure and methods
US9673507B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2017-06-06 Pulse Finland Oy Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
US9680212B2 (en) 2013-11-20 2017-06-13 Pulse Finland Oy Capacitive grounding methods and apparatus for mobile devices
US9722308B2 (en) 2014-08-28 2017-08-01 Pulse Finland Oy Low passive intermodulation distributed antenna system for multiple-input multiple-output systems and methods of use
US9728668B2 (en) 2014-02-04 2017-08-08 Raytheon Company Integrated photosensitive film and thin LED display
US9761951B2 (en) 2009-11-03 2017-09-12 Pulse Finland Oy Adjustable antenna apparatus and methods
US9906260B2 (en) 2015-07-30 2018-02-27 Pulse Finland Oy Sensor-based closed loop antenna swapping apparatus and methods
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US9948002B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2018-04-17 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods
US9973228B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2018-05-15 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods
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US10079428B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2018-09-18 Pulse Finland Oy Coupled antenna structure and methods
CN114188707A (zh) * 2022-02-17 2022-03-15 荣耀终端有限公司 一种终端天线和控制天线波束方向的方法

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Cited By (69)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6693604B2 (en) 2000-10-12 2004-02-17 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Small antenna
EP1198027A1 (fr) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-17 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Antenne miniaturisée
EP1248317A1 (fr) * 2001-04-02 2002-10-09 Nokia Corporation Antenne planaire multibandes accordable électriquement
US6693594B2 (en) 2001-04-02 2004-02-17 Nokia Corporation Optimal use of an electrically tunable multiband planar antenna
CN100342585C (zh) * 2001-09-19 2007-10-10 诺基亚有限公司 内部的多频带天线
EP1296410A1 (fr) * 2001-09-19 2003-03-26 Nokia Corporation Antenne multibande interne
WO2004023598A1 (fr) * 2002-09-04 2004-03-18 Perlos Ab Dispositif d'antenne
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