WO2001017123A1 - Logiciel radio portable - Google Patents

Logiciel radio portable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001017123A1
WO2001017123A1 PCT/US2000/022905 US0022905W WO0117123A1 WO 2001017123 A1 WO2001017123 A1 WO 2001017123A1 US 0022905 W US0022905 W US 0022905W WO 0117123 A1 WO0117123 A1 WO 0117123A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
computing device
signal
handheld computing
software
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/022905
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Ismert
Original Assignee
Vanu, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vanu, Inc. filed Critical Vanu, Inc.
Priority to AU69215/00A priority Critical patent/AU6921500A/en
Publication of WO2001017123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001017123A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/0003—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H04B1/403—Circuits using the same oscillator for generating both the transmitter frequency and the receiver local oscillator frequency
    • H04B1/406—Circuits using the same oscillator for generating both the transmitter frequency and the receiver local oscillator frequency with more than one transmission mode, e.g. analog and digital modes

Definitions

  • the systems and methods described herein relate in general to communication systems and in particular to wireless communication systems that can communicate audio, video and data signals.
  • the field of wireless telecommunications has grown rapidly in recent years, and the demand for wireless telecommunication services and equipment continues to grow.
  • a particular demand has arisen for handheld devices that provide for wireless communication services.
  • these systems generally employ a dedicated communication architecture that provides a limited range of services and configurability.
  • the Palm VII a handheld device that provides for wireless communication, is limited in the type of wireless services it can provide.
  • this the Palm VII includes a wireless system that cannot be configure to implement multiple communication protocols, such as CDMA and GSM.
  • the invention provides systems and methods that include, inter alia, handheld software radios that integrate software configurable wireless receivers and transmitters with handheld processing platforms. These systems can employ wide band digitization of an incoming signal, such as an RF signal, and direct the digitized data into the application memory space of the handheld processing platform. An application program operating on the handheld processing platform can perform the digital signal processing that obtains the information encoded within the digitized signal.
  • Figures 1 A and B depict one embodiment of a handheld computing device that is configurable between a plurality of different communication modes
  • Figure 2 depicts a functional block diagram of one architecture for providing a software communication device
  • Figure 3 depicts a functional block diagram of an alternative architecture for providing a software communication device
  • Figures 4 and 5 depict functional block diagrams of a handheld computing device that connects to an extension board, such as the system depicted in Figures 1A and IB;
  • Figure 6 depicts as a functional block diagram one embodiment of a cellular receiver process that processes digitized IF samples delivered into the memory space of the process.
  • a handheld device such as a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA)
  • PDA handheld personal digital assistant
  • a software radio system that provides for configurable support for wireless communication.
  • a handheld computing device such as a PDA
  • the systems and methods described herein can be adapted and modified for other applications and that additions and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • Figure 1A depicts one embodiment of a system according to the invention wherein a handheld computing device or PDA, like the Palm Pilot, Handspring Visor, Philips Nino, Compaq Itsy or iPAq, has been modified to include a wireless communication system that employs a software device to perform the signal processing.
  • a handheld computing device or PDA like the Palm Pilot, Handspring Visor, Philips Nino, Compaq Itsy or iPAq
  • PDA handheld computing device or PDA, like the Palm Pilot, Handspring Visor, Philips Nino, Compaq Itsy or iPAq
  • the system 10 Runsan application program that allows the PDA to operate as a wireless communication device. Such software applications are described in WO99/37099 entitled systems and methods for wireless communications, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the system 10 also has modified to include a receiver and/or transmitter unit that may optionally be integrated into the DDA or may be attached as a peripheral device.
  • the handheld system 10 may be configured to operate as any communication device that the user desires.
  • the system 10 depicted in Figure 1 A may be configured as a cellular receiver for processing the U.S. cellular band, a GSM transceiver for processing in the European communications band, a cellular modem, or a tuner system for processing radio frequency signals within the commercial FM band.
  • the system 10 depicted in Figure 1 A provides a handheld communication device that is an omni -modal communication platform.
  • the system 10 is also depicted as providing icons 12, 14 and 16, each of which may be a graphical icon that appears within the display 20 and that acts as a shortcut for activating an application program for implementing a particular communication application, or protocol.
  • icons 12, 14 and 16 each of which may be a graphical icon that appears within the display 20 and that acts as a shortcut for activating an application program for implementing a particular communication application, or protocol.
  • the systems described herein employ the PDA, including its screen, speaker, and microphone, as parts of the wireless device.
  • the application program running on the PDA will provide a graphical user interface that allows a user to activate a communications program, such as a program that configures the PDA to operate as a cellular phone, or an FM radio.
  • a communications program such as a program that configures the PDA to operate as a cellular phone, or an FM radio.
  • Such a program may for example, present to the user a graphical keypad for entering a phone number, or a graphical image of a
  • the systems described herein may comprise handheld computing devices with integrated microphones and speakers, or handhelds without such peripherals.
  • an attached peripheral board may be provided.
  • the depicted system 10 includes an integrated microphone element 22 for receiving signals such as voice signals from a user.
  • an input jack may be provided for an ear bud.
  • the depicted speaker element 24 may be employed for providing to the user output signals, such as output voice signals of the type normally exchanged during a cellular telephone conversation.
  • Additional I/O hardware may also be provided for allowing other types of communications, such as text data communications to this end the system 10 may include ports for interfacing with modems and other peripheral devices.
  • Figure 1 A further depicts that the system 10 may also include control buttons, such as the depicted control button 28 that may be used as a mouse button to activate graphical controls.
  • These graphical controls may be presented on the display 20, which optionally may be a touch screen display such as the type commonly employed with handheld devices, by any of the application programs invoked by one of the shortcuts 12, 14 or 16.
  • Figure IB depicts in more detail that the handheld computing device 10 of Figure 1 A includes a main body 32 and a sleeve 30.
  • Main body 32 slides within the sleeve 30 and a dataport 34 on the main body 32 couples to a connector port 38 on the sleeve 36.
  • the connector port 38 couples the main body 32 to the input output subsystem 40 that's carried on the sleeve 36 as will be described in greater detail hereinafter.
  • the input output subsystem 40 may act as a normal standalone computer system with built in memory and processing power.
  • This standalone system may include a receiver and or transmitter unit, optionally coupled to antenna 30, that receives RF signals and mixes the received spectrum down to baseband.
  • the electronics 40 may also digitize the baseband signal to provide a baseband signal that may be processed by a computer program operating on the processor of the electronics 40, or optionally on the processor running in the main body of the handheld device of 32, or optionally by programs running on either processor.
  • sleeve 36 provides a wireless transmitter receiver unit and RF processing system that couples easily to the handheld device of 32, thereby providing the handheld device of 32 with RF services that application programs may employ for providing the communications functions described above.
  • the design of the device 40 falls from principals well known in the art, and certain embodiments of the systems are set forth in more detail below. Further it will be understood that the device 40 may comprise conventional electronic components of the type sold by Analog Devices of Norwood, Massachusetts, as well as custom Asics or custom hardware design. The actual devices employed may vary depending upon the application, and those of ordinary skill in the art will know that optional features, and designs may be employed without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the system 40 may include a mechanism that determines the type of communication services to provide and configures the system appropriately. For example, the system may determine that the only suitable communication service presently available to the system 10 is the GSM service.
  • Such a mechanism may employ heuristic techniques to make such a determination, such as by balancing competing criteria of cost, reliability and other such factors. This may be done in a manner that either is transparent to the user, or presents choices to the user to allow the user to select a mode that may be, for example, more expensive but more reliable.
  • Figure IB further depicts that the system 10 may include an antenna, such as the depicted antenna 30.
  • the antenna 30, in one embodiment is a fractal antenna, but in other embodiments is a conventional wire antenna of the type commonly employed with wireless communication devices, like cellular phones.
  • FIG 2 one architecture for a system according to the invention is depicted.
  • the system shown in Figure 2 will be described with reference to an application program that implements a cellular receiver for processing the U.S. cellular band.
  • the systems described herein are in no way limited to any particular application, and that other application programs may be run on the system 10 for implementing other applications, including cellular modems, radio receivers, television receivers, wireless network interface cards, remote control devices, such as garage door openers, and signal monitoring devices, or any other type of wireless communication service, virtual device or application.
  • Figure 2 depicts that the system 10 may comprise a data processing platform 32 and a receiver/transmitter platform 34.
  • the data processing platform 32 may include a CPU 35, a memory device, or devices 36, and one or more I/O devices 38. each of theses devices communicates with the data/address/I/O bus 40.
  • the bus 40 may comprise the address and data bus of the CPU 35.
  • the depicted receiver/transmitter platform 34 comprises an RF receiver unit that may act as a front end for the system 10 to collect and translate a selected broadcast band of interest to a baseband or IF signal.
  • the receiver/transmitter platform 34 may also include a transmitter unit (not shown) that modulates up a base band signal or IT into the transmission band.
  • the receiver/transmitter may operate along different portions of the RF spectrum, including
  • the receiver may collect an RF signal and generate from that RF signal a wideband IF signal that may be transmitted to the converter unit 46.
  • the converter element 46 may be a high performance analog to digital converter and a high performance digital to analog converter of the type manufactured and sold by the Analog Devices Corporation of Norwood, Massachusetts.
  • the receiver/transmitter also includes a dual port memory device 48 and a memory controller 44.
  • the memory device 48 may be a FIFO, a SRAM, or another suitable memory device. Additionally, the memory device may be a plurality of different devices, as well a device that is integrated into the memory controller, converter or other element of the system.
  • the memory controller may be a digital logic circuit, implemented as separate components or as an ASIC or PAL device.
  • the memory controller and the dual port memory cooperate to provide memory addresses that may be mapped onto the memory space of an application program executing on the data processing platform 32. In the depicted embodiment, the memory 48 buffers data that is sent from the converter 46.
  • the memory controller monitors the available memory addresses within the memory device and keeps track of what addresses contain good data for transfer on the bus 40, and which addresses contain old data that has already been transferred.
  • the memory controller partitions the memory space of the memory device, one of which may be available for transferring data onto the bus 40, and one partition that may be employed for receiving data from the converter.
  • the memory controller may switch the partitions to make collected data available for transfer across the bus 40, and to make the other partition available for buffering data from the converter.
  • the memory controller 44 may decode addresses in the application memory space and deliver data from the memory device 48 in response to these addresses.
  • a set of registers in the memory controller may store information representative of the address locations of the different partitions, and the function of the different partitions. These registers may be employed by the memory controller logic and the operating system of the processing platform to determine which partition should receive incoming data signals, and which partition should be providing data to the memory bus. Additionally, partitions may be provided for receiving data from the bus and for providing data to the converter.
  • the data in the memory device 48 that gets mapped into the memory space of the application program is processed by the platform 30.
  • the platform 30 performs signal processing on the digitized wideband IF data delivered from the converter.
  • the processor 35 may run a process within the program memory space.
  • An operating system which controls resources on the platform 30, such as the memory resource may allocate to the process a portion of the memory space. This allocated portion of the memory space may include the addresses to which the memory device maps.
  • each application program operating on the platform is given the responsibility over the system resources, and in this embodiment the application program sets its memory space to include the set of addresses to which the memory device maps.
  • the memory device may be a single ported memory device, and the memory controller may perform bus arbitration between the converter and the bus 40.
  • Figure 3 depicts an embodiment wherein the converter couples to the bus 40 and the memory controller 44 acts to control the timing and operation of the converter, for allowing the converter to deliver data onto the bus 40.
  • no memory bank is employed for storing data being transferred between the receiver/transmitter 42 and the bus 40.
  • a small FIFO buffer may be employed to address bus jitter.
  • the receiver 34 may transfer data across the bus 40 at a capacity of at least 200 Mbytes per second.
  • the data rate selected may vary depending upon the application.
  • Figures 4 and 5 depict one particular architecture wherein a system according to the invention comprises a handheld device, such as the compact iPAq that is modified to include a sleeve such as the sleeve depicted in Figure IB, that carries on the sleeve a circuit for performing the wireless services that will be employed by applications running on the compact handheld device.
  • a compact handheld mainbody 32 may couple to an expansion board such as the circuitry 40 on the sleeve 36 depicted in Figure IB.
  • the expansion board may include the antenna, the RF front end, converters, an IO subsystems, a processor, such as the strong arm processor, memory, and an optional encryption circuit.
  • the expansion board can receive RF signals and mix them down to baseband or an appropriate band further processing.
  • the converters can translate the analog signal into a digital signal and the processor, IO system and memory and work together to deliver a signal to the handheld device.
  • the processor of the handheld device performs demodulation and equalization. However, in other embodiments the demodulation and equalization is performed by the processor on the handheld device. Other methods for sharing the responsibility for demodulation and other signal processing functions may be employed without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 the system of Figure 4 shown in more detail wherein the IO subsystem is shown to have an RF front end that includes converters that are controlled by a field programmable gate array circuit.
  • a dual port S ram may act as a memory buffer for buffering data going to and from the converters.
  • other memory devices may be employed for buffering the transferred data to and from the handheld computing device, as well as for temporarily storing data as waiting for access to the system bus, and memory for storing program instructions.
  • the expansion board includes a strong arm processor that operates at approximately 200 megahertz.
  • the system can operate under the Linux operating system, and may achieve transfer rates of approximately 200 Mbits per second.
  • This transfer rates achieved by the above systems allows the platform to run a cellular receiver process that demodulates the wideband digitized IF data to provide a wideband digital receiver capable of operating in the "A-side" of the U.S. cellular band.
  • This cellular receiver process provides a receiver that may continuously monitor 10
  • the process may control the system parameters, such as channel filter size and the various sample rates. This allows parameters to be modified even while the receiver is operating.
  • the computer program may be written in C, C++, Java, or in any suitable computer language, and developed using standard software debugging tools. As is known to those of ordinary skill in the art, the program may comprise a plurality of routines, classes or modules, each of which perform a portion of the processing that is carried out by the cellular receiver process.
  • the cellular receiver process may include a channel selection stage, a quadrature demodulator stage, a low pass filter and decimation stage and an audio band pass filter and an output controller.
  • the application may employ algorithms designed to work on blocks of data rather than on single samples, which for example would include signal processing algorithms such as the Fast Fourier transform.
  • signal processing algorithms such as the Fast Fourier transform.
  • the application or development of other such algorithms follows from principles known in the art, including principles set forth in Oppenheim et al, Digital Signal Processing, Prentice-
  • Figures 6 provides a functional block diagram of one example cellular receiver process that can demodulate the sampled IF data being provided to the program memory 36.
  • the cellular receiver process can be an executing computer program that operates in the program space of the handheld memory or the memory of the expansion band.
  • the computer program can be written in C, C++, Java, or in any suitable computer language, and developed using standard software debugging tools.
  • the program can also include routines from commercially available components, such as the FFTW package developed by Matteo Frigo and Steven G. Johnson, and freely distributed, which provides routines of signal processing algorithms. Other commercially available libraries of routines or sets of classes for building user interfaces, or for other functionality can be employed.
  • the program may comprise a plurality of routines, classes or modules, each of which perform a portion of the processing that is carried out by the cellular receiver process 80.
  • the cellular receiver process 80 can include a channel selection stage 82, a quadrature demodulator stage 84, a low pass filter and decimation stage 88 and an audio band pass filter 90 and an output controller 48.
  • the IF samples can be provided through DMA transfer into the memory space of the application program. The IF samples can be transferred at the system transfer rate, and the cellular receiver 80 can be responsible for operating at sufficient speed to process incoming samples, thereby avoiding the dropping of samples.
  • the depicted cellular receiver process 80 employs an upstream communication path for controlling data transfer between the stages of the process.
  • each module is capable of requesting data from the next upstream module. Accordingly, each module can call the upstream module (or modules) requesting the needed data.
  • the data delivered between modules can be done on a sample by sample basis.
  • the process 80 can operate on blocks of data, or payloads.
  • the data payloads, such as the depicted payloads 92, 94 and 98 can be made large enough to take advantage of data and instruction caching effects, but small enough to avoid introducing unacceptable latency.
  • the signal processing applications can employ algorithms designed to work on blocks of data rather than on single samples, which for example would include signal processing algorithms such as the fast Fourier transform.
  • signal processing algorithms such as the fast Fourier transform.
  • the cellular receiver process 80 includes the channel selection filter stage 82.
  • This stage, or module has the task of extracting from the digitized IF samples a narrowband FM signal (AMPS channel bandwidth is 30 kHz) from a 10 MHz wide frequency band.
  • This depicted stage 82 accomplishes this task using a filter design that combines three steps of translating the signal to baseband, lowpass filtering and decimating to an intermediate sample rate.
  • the channel selection filter 82 follows the structure of a hardware DDC.
  • Multiple threads could be employed to implement in software the structure of the hardware DDCS, wherein the separate steps of the down-conversion process, that is, the generation of the sine/cosine multiplication factors, frequency translation, and filtering, are done in separate physical locations in the DDC, and a high degree of pipeline parallelism is achieved. Furthermore, there can be additional fine grained parallelism within the FIR filter.
  • the desired information (the voice, in the case of a cellular telephone) is carried by the instantaneous frequency, which is the time derivative of the phase of the complex signal.
  • This signal is therefore demodulated using a simple quadrature demodulation algorithm that approximates the derivative of the signal phase by the phase difference between successive samples, appropriately scaled. This quadrature demodulation is carried out by stage 84 of the process 80.
  • the two final steps of processing are implemented as finite impulse response (FIR) filters.
  • the first can be simply a lowpass decimating filter that removes high frequency components that would cause aliasing when the sample rate is reduced to the audio rate, R A , typically 8K samples/sec. This is carried out in stage 88.
  • the final step, carried out in stage 90, is an optional bandpass filter that removes out-of-band noise from the voice signal.
  • the system optionally can include a programming environment that supports the development of application programs that process the digitized IF samples to provide, for example, portable, adaptive signal processing systems with real-time constraints.
  • the programming environment can include a library of routines, or a class or set of classes, written in a computer programming language, such as the C, C++ or Java language.
  • the programming environment can include an object-oriented application framework that consists of a library of classes that are designed to be extended and subclassed by the application programmer, packaged along with several illustrative sample applications that use those classes and which are designed to be modified by the application programmer.
  • the sample applications generally constitute a system that is useful in its own right.
  • Frameworks can provide functionality and "wired-in" interconnections between the object classes that provide an infrastructure for the application developer.
  • the inter-connections can provide the architectural model and design for developers and free them to apply their effort on the problem domain.
  • the framework can decrease the amount of standard code that the developer has to program, test, and debug.
  • Some example frameworks include X Toolkit, Motif Toolkit, Smalltalk Model- View-Controller GUI, and MacApp.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes et des procédés qui comprennent notamment des systèmes de communication sans fil intégrant des récepteurs et des émetteurs sans fil avec des plates-formes d'ordinateurs hôtes et qui comprennent un canal d'accès aux données qui distribue des données numériques représentant un signal modulé en bande de base dans l'espace mémoire d'un programme d'application. Par conséquent, ces systèmes peuvent utiliser une numérisation à large bande d'un signal entrant, tel qu'un signal HF, diriger les données numérisées dans l'espace mémoire de l'application d'un poste de travail universel et permettre à un programme d'application fonctionnant sur ce poste de travail universel d'effectuer le traitement de signaux numériques permettant d'obtenir les informations codées dans le signal numérisé.
PCT/US2000/022905 1999-08-20 2000-08-18 Logiciel radio portable WO2001017123A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU69215/00A AU6921500A (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-18 Handheld software radios

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14997999P 1999-08-20 1999-08-20
US60/149,979 1999-08-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001017123A1 true WO2001017123A1 (fr) 2001-03-08

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PCT/US2000/022905 WO2001017123A1 (fr) 1999-08-20 2000-08-18 Logiciel radio portable

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AU (1) AU6921500A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001017123A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110070790A (zh) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-30 广州大学 基于软件无线电的多模式通信演示系统

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996038925A1 (fr) * 1995-06-01 1996-12-05 Norand Corporation Module emetteur-recepteur a spectre etale faisant intervenir la transmission en mode multiple
WO1999010976A1 (fr) * 1997-08-27 1999-03-04 Radioscape Limited Dispositif de communication
WO1999037099A2 (fr) * 1998-01-13 1999-07-22 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Systeme et procede de communications radio

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996038925A1 (fr) * 1995-06-01 1996-12-05 Norand Corporation Module emetteur-recepteur a spectre etale faisant intervenir la transmission en mode multiple
WO1999010976A1 (fr) * 1997-08-27 1999-03-04 Radioscape Limited Dispositif de communication
WO1999037099A2 (fr) * 1998-01-13 1999-07-22 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Systeme et procede de communications radio

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110070790A (zh) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-30 广州大学 基于软件无线电的多模式通信演示系统

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Publication number Publication date
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