WO2001016034A1 - Pond filter - Google Patents

Pond filter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001016034A1
WO2001016034A1 PCT/EP2000/008430 EP0008430W WO0116034A1 WO 2001016034 A1 WO2001016034 A1 WO 2001016034A1 EP 0008430 W EP0008430 W EP 0008430W WO 0116034 A1 WO0116034 A1 WO 0116034A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
water
pond
filter according
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2000/008430
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Willuweit
Peter Söll
Robert Müller
Stefan Nowicki
Original Assignee
Thomas Willuweit
Soell Peter
Mueller Robert
Stefan Nowicki
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomas Willuweit, Soell Peter, Mueller Robert, Stefan Nowicki filed Critical Thomas Willuweit
Priority to AU74146/00A priority Critical patent/AU7414600A/en
Publication of WO2001016034A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001016034A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/103—Textile-type packing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/06—Aerobic processes using submerged filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2003/001—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pond filter for removing particulate and / or dissolved compounds from standing water in particular, such as ponds and lakes, as well as aquariums with a pump sucking water from the water, a filter housing through which the sucked water flows and filter bodies arranged therein, and a return of the treated water into the body of water.
  • Natural waters which in addition to fish also have aquatic plants and microorganisms, are generally in a natural balance with their surroundings. This means that short-term changes in the content of certain ingredients or the supply of other ingredients are not harmful and these ingredients can usually be quickly degraded by systems in the water.
  • a known problem is that the oxygen content is reduced significantly, especially in summer. Circulation pumps are often used for oxygenation, whereby new oxygen is absorbed by the circulation of the water.
  • nitrogenous compounds e.g. Nitrate, nitrite and ammonium compounds are characterized by their good solubility in water, so that they cannot be removed by conventional methods such as precipitation as solids and / or mechanical filtering.
  • the object of the present invention was to provide a device, in particular a filter, with which it is possible to remove water-soluble compounds enriched in water from it.
  • the present invention accordingly relates to a pond filter of the type mentioned, which is characterized in that the filter housing with a
  • Filter material is filled from a three-dimensional plastic web, the cavities of which can be populated with microorganisms.
  • Standing water such as ponds and lakes, in the context of the present invention mean natural or artificial water of any size, including sewage systems,
  • swimming pools, aquariums, etc. includes the garden ponds and the lakes and ponds in the open landscape, industrial sewage systems such as the water pools or connected ponds and septic tanks, aquariums of any size.
  • the removal of particulate and / or dissolved compounds in the sense of the present invention means that these compounds are present in the water entering the filter and are either physically, chemically and / or microbiologically removed therefrom and are present in the exiting water in a considerably reduced amount or are no longer present ,
  • the escaping water is also referred to below as "treated water”.
  • a three-dimensional plastic web is used as filter material, the cavities of which can be populated with microorganisms.
  • a three-dimensional plastic web has the advantage that if its cavities are loaded with microorganisms, there is an optimal contact between the water and the surface of the filter material, i.e. the
  • the plastic web used according to the invention can at least partially be replaced by other conventional filter materials, such as cotton wool, sponges and inorganic substances with a large surface area, such as the aluminum oxides, silica gels, natural or artificial clay minerals and activated carbon mentioned as molecular sieves and adsorbents.
  • filter materials such as cotton wool, sponges and inorganic substances with a large surface area, such as the aluminum oxides, silica gels, natural or artificial clay minerals and activated carbon mentioned as molecular sieves and adsorbents.
  • the preferably used plastic web should consist of a chemically inert material, in particular not by water or by substances present in water, such as soaps, surfactants, oils and fats, as well as acids and bases at normal temperatures to be attacked. Furthermore, it should have such a strength that it can easily flow with the water to be filtered at a speed of 0.2 m / h. up to 2 m / h can withstand. Polyester, polyurethane, PVC etc. have proven to be suitable materials. It has proven to be particularly suitable if the individual cavities are not linked to one another via two-dimensional surfaces, but rather point-wise via corners in this plastic spun. Such plastic webs are commercially available.
  • plastic strands can be produced, for example, by foaming the starting materials in the melt or during the polymerization process, ultrasound treatment during the polymerization process or by extruding a thin plastic strand, this plastic strand being arranged in three dimensions and punctiform connections being formed within this strand.
  • a flexible polyester / polyurethane foam which is coated with polyvinyl chloride, cellulose carboxylate, such as cellulose acetate or other cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose ether, is particularly preferably used as the filter material.
  • the coating made of polyvinyl chloride gives the three-dimensional web a certain strength or enlarges the existing surface due to the roughness formed by the coating.
  • the filter material itself can have any shape customary for filter materials or filter bodies, e.g. cylindrical, elipsoid, cubic, rectangular, tetrahedral, octahedral etc. where angular shapes such as cuboids or cubes have proven to be particularly suitable.
  • the size of the individual filter bodies is preferably between 1 and 6 cm, in particular between 1, 5 and 5 cm, preferably cubic filter materials have an edge length of 2 to 5 cm, particularly preferably of 2 to 3 cm.
  • the filter material usually has a pore density that is preferably up to about 30 ppi
  • This porosity corresponds to approximately 4 to 300 connections per 1 cm 3 .
  • the specific surface is preferably over 150 m 2 / m 3 , preferably between
  • the porosity is preferably above 0.90, particularly preferably above 0.95.
  • Microorganisms can be applied to this plastic web in a manner known per se. Microorganisms of the type of nitrifying and denitrifying have proven to be particularly suitable. Denitrifying microorganisms which reduce nitrogen-containing compounds such as nitrates and nitrites to elemental nitrogen, N 2 , are particularly preferably used. The nitrifying microorganisms oxidize ammonium compounds to the nitrates or nitrites, which in turn can be reduced to N 2 . Elemental nitrogen is a harmless gas that is also present in the atmosphere, so it can be directly released into the environment. The pond filter according to the invention can already be populated by the manufacturer with appropriate microorganisms.
  • the user can also apply the microorganisms themselves, ie on-site to the filter bodies, by immersing the pond filter in a solution or dispersion of the microorganisms or by pumping them through the filter until the colonization for the desired process has been completed.
  • microorganisms also called biomass
  • the microorganisms are applied to the plastic web in amounts between 1 to 110, preferably from 30 to 110 g / m 3 .
  • the filter material is filled into the filter housing in a manner known per se.
  • the amount of filter material in the housing depends on the size of the housing and should be such that the water can pass through the housing unhindered
  • the filter material Depending on the flow deflections through the filter material, it must also be ensured that the water to be filtered has sufficient contact time with the microorganisms on the surface of the filter material.
  • a prefilter is preferably connected upstream of the filter in the flow direction, as a result of which the inflowing water is mechanically cleaned and in particular freed from solid particles and sediments.
  • the filter and the pre-filter are preferably located in a common filter housing. It has proven particularly suitable if the inflow into the pre-filter takes place via a perforated wall of the filter housing. The perforation can be selected in such a way that, depending on the type of water, impurities of a certain particle size are retained.
  • the filter performance of the pond filter according to the invention can be increased if the water flow from the pre-filter space into the filter space is divided into two flows.
  • the division of the filter stream leads to a doubling of the water fronts passing through the medium and to a shortening of the filter section of the water in the filter.
  • the surface speed is reduced while maintaining the gross residence time.
  • a further increase in filter performance can be obtained by arranging deflecting means at the outlet end of the connecting channel into the filter space, which deflect the exiting flow into at least two flow paths that are diametrically directed away from one another. These deflecting means separate the water flow again, which leads to a further doubling of the water fronts.
  • the deflection means are filter internals which extend parallel to at least one of the main sides of the filter space.
  • the connecting channel from the pre-filter space to the filter space can be filled with filter material, but is preferably free of the filter material, so that the actual preparation or cleaning process only takes place in the filter space.
  • the filter housing can consist of any material suitable for pond filters, such as a solid or flexible plastic, metal, etc.
  • the filter housing consists of a flexible film.
  • Such flexible films can be processed particularly well to form spatial structures, e.g. by welding the individual parts together.
  • the filter housing is foldable, i.e. is collapsible. It preferably consists of one that can be folded without being damaged. Suitable materials are e.g. B. plastic films.
  • a foldable housing has the advantage that it can be stored in small and handy packaging and put on the market.
  • the part of the filter housing enclosing the filter space e.g. the film, preferably provided with a closable opening.
  • This opening can e.g. be closed with a zipper, a slide fastener, a Velcro fastener etc.
  • the pond filter is attached below the water surface, in this embodiment it is a so-called pond internal filter.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the water to be filtered does not change its temperature, the incoming water has the same temperature as the outgoing, purified water. It has proven to be suitable to use the filter housing
  • Such an embodiment also has the advantage that in the event of defects, e.g. B. Leaking or there is no connection to the other filter, the sucked water is returned directly to the body of water and there is no risk that it will be pumped empty.
  • the pump for transporting the water is also arranged below the surface of the water, preferably inside the prefilter chamber, so in this embodiment it is invisible to the viewer.
  • the filter housing as described above, can of course also be used to filter and remove other components in the water. Any materials can be used as filter materials that remove components to be removed by adsorption.
  • Another object of the present invention is accordingly a pond filter for removing particulate and / or dissolved components from standing water in particular, such as ponds and lakes, as well as aquariums with a pump sucking water from the water, a filter housing through which the sucked water flows, and a return of the treated water to the water, characterized in that the flow of the sucked water is divided into at least two water flows before entering the filter space.
  • the pond filter can be filled with any filter material, the plastic web described above being used with particular preference.
  • Passed filter space which partial flow can be divided into two or more partial flows before entering the filter space, and the second partial flow is provided with oxygen with the aid of a ventilation device.
  • the ventilation device can, for example, lead air or oxygen into the second partial flow via a gas feed line, such as via an actively operating pump.
  • the second partial flow is preferably connected to the ambient air via a pipe, so that air is entrained in the pipe via the water flow and fresh air is drawn in from the surroundings (Venturi principle). It is of course also possible to effect the aeration, ie the oxygen supply, by adding oxygen-donating compounds, such as peroxides.
  • the pond filter according to the invention can be put on the market in various configurations. In one possible embodiment, the pond filter is already offered filled with filter material. The microorganisms are preferably applied on site by the user.
  • the pond filter is offered as a so-called kit-of-parts, which comprises the filter housing, filter material and microorganisms to be applied.
  • the user fills the filter housing with filter material and then applies the microorganisms to the filter material.
  • the kit-of-parts has the advantage that the individual components can be adjusted depending on the application, such as the type of water. Furthermore, the packaging for the individual components is much smaller and more compact than a fully equipped filter housing.
  • FIG 1 and Figure 2 each show an embodiment of the filter housing according to the invention.
  • the filter material used is not shown.
  • the pond filter shown in Figure 1 consists of a filter housing 1, which includes both the filter chamber 2 and the pre-filter chamber 3.
  • the inflow of the water to be cleaned or filtered takes place via a perforated wall 4 in the filter housing.
  • the water is transported from the pre-filter chamber into the filter chamber 2 via a connecting channel.
  • the water flow is divided into two and transported into the filter space via the connecting channels 5a and 5b.
  • deflection means 7 are arranged in the filter chamber, which deflect the emerging flow in at least two diametrically directed flow paths. This deflection means 7 results in a further division of the water flow, as a result of which a further increase in the filter performance can be brought about.
  • the deflection means 7 are filter internals that extend parallel to at least one of the main sides of the filter space.
  • the water is passed through the openings 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, in
  • the water passed through the filter is discharged near the water surface or above the water surface and returned to the pond, etc.
  • the discharge above the water surface can take place, for example, using suitable attachments, such as fountain attachments, etc. This embodiment offers the possibility that the purified or treated water absorbs oxygen.
  • the filter can be filled with the filter material via the closable opening 10.
  • a filter housing 1 which includes the filter chamber 2 and the pre-filter chamber 3.
  • the water to be filtered or cleaned enters the pre-filter chamber 3 via a perforated wall 4.
  • the connecting channel 5a or 5b has a further outlet opening 11a or 11b.
  • the water flows thus enter the filter space 2 through the outlet openings 6a and 6b and 11a and 11b.
  • Deflection means are also arranged at these outlet openings 6a, 6b, 11a, 11b, through which the flow emerging here is also deflected into at least two flow paths directed diametrically away from one another.
  • a further division of the volume flow takes place through the additional outlet openings.
  • the surface of the water to be cleaned or filtered is increased eightfold, which means that the filtering capacity is increased eightfold.
  • the water to be cleaned or filtered typically has a speed of 0.3 to 1.5 m / hour, in particular 0.5 to 0.75 m / hour.
  • the filter housing shown in FIG. 2 can also be filled with filter material via the closable openings 10.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a pond filter for removing particulate and dissolved compounds from especially stretches of standing water, such as ponds or lakes, as well as aquariums. The inventive pond filter consists of a pump that takes in water from the stretch of water, a filter housing through which the taken in water flows and in which filter bodies and a return for the treated water to the stretch of water is mounted. The filter housing is filled with a filler material from a three-dimensional synthetic nonwoven material the hollow spaces of which can be populated by microorganisms.

Description

Teichfilter teichfilter
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Teichfilter zur Entfernung von partikulären und/oder gelösten Verbindungen aus insbesondere stehenden Gewässern, wie Teichen und Seen, sowie Aquarien mit einer Wasser aus den Gewässern ansaugenden Pumpe, einem von dem angesaugten Wasser durchströmten Filtergehäuse mit darin angeordneten Filterkörpern sowie einer Rückführung des behandelten Wassers in das Gewässer.The present invention relates to a pond filter for removing particulate and / or dissolved compounds from standing water in particular, such as ponds and lakes, as well as aquariums with a pump sucking water from the water, a filter housing through which the sucked water flows and filter bodies arranged therein, and a return of the treated water into the body of water.
Natürliche Gewässer, die neben Fischen auch Wasserpflanzen und Mikroorganismen aufweisen, stehen in der Regel mit ihrer Umgebung in einem natürlichen Gleichgewicht. Das bedeutet, dass kurzzeitige Änderungen der Gehalte an bestimmten Inhaltsstoffen oder die Zufuhr von weiteren Inhaltsstoffen nicht schädlich sind und diese zugeführten Inhaltsstoffe in der Regel durch im Gewässer vorhandene Systeme schnell abgebaut werden können.Natural waters, which in addition to fish also have aquatic plants and microorganisms, are generally in a natural balance with their surroundings. This means that short-term changes in the content of certain ingredients or the supply of other ingredients are not harmful and these ingredients can usually be quickly degraded by systems in the water.
Wegen der Umweltbelastungen haben jedoch insbesondere stehende Gewässer, wie Teiche und Seen, das Problem, dass kontinuierlich zugeführte Schadstoffe sich anreichern und langfristig zu Schäden führen, insbesondere zur Zerstörung des natürlichen Gleichgewichts.Due to environmental pollution, however, standing water such as ponds and lakes in particular have the problem that continuously added pollutants accumulate and lead to long-term damage, in particular to the destruction of the natural balance.
Ein bekanntes Problem ist, dass insbesondere im Sommer der Sauerstoffgehalt sich stark verringert. Zur Sauerstoffanreicherung werden häufig Umwälzpumpen eingesetzt, wobei durch das Umwälzen des Wassers neuer Sauerstoff aufgenommen wird.A known problem is that the oxygen content is reduced significantly, especially in summer. Circulation pumps are often used for oxygenation, whereby new oxygen is absorbed by the circulation of the water.
Ein weiteres bekanntes Problem ist das Algenwachstum, das verstärkt auch auf die Anreicherung von stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen zurückzuführen ist. Diese stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen, z.B. Nitrat, Nitrit und Ammoniumverbindungen, zeichnen sich durch ihre gute Wasserlöslichkeit aus, so dass sie durch übliche Verfahren wie Ausfällen als Feststoffe und/oder mechanische Filterung nicht entfembar sind.Another known problem is the growth of algae, which is increasingly due to the accumulation of nitrogenous compounds. These nitrogen containing compounds, e.g. Nitrate, nitrite and ammonium compounds are characterized by their good solubility in water, so that they cannot be removed by conventional methods such as precipitation as solids and / or mechanical filtering.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Verfügung zu stellen, insbesondere einen Filter, mit dem es möglich ist, wasserlösliche, in Gewässern angereicherte Verbindungen daraus entfernt werden können.The object of the present invention was to provide a device, in particular a filter, with which it is possible to remove water-soluble compounds enriched in water from it.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist demgemäß ein Teichfilter der Eingangs genannten Art, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass das Filtergehäuse mit einemThe present invention accordingly relates to a pond filter of the type mentioned, which is characterized in that the filter housing with a
Filtermaterial aus einem dreidimensionalen Kunststoffgespinst gefüllt ist, dessen Hohlräume mit Mikroorganismen besiedelt werden können.Filter material is filled from a three-dimensional plastic web, the cavities of which can be populated with microorganisms.
BESTÄTIGÜNGS OPIE Überraschenderweise wurde festgestellt, dass, wenn man als Filtermaterial das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte dreidimensionale Kunststoffgespinst verwendet, dessen Oberflächen mit Mikroorganismen beladen sind, sich ein optimaler Kontakt zwischen dem Wasser und der Oberfläche des Filtermaterials ergibt und gleichzeitig aufgrund der offenporigen Struktur des Materials eine sehr gleichmäßige Durchströmungsgeschwindigkeit durch den Filter erreicht wird.CONFIRMATION OPIE Surprisingly, it was found that if the three-dimensional plastic web used according to the invention is used as the filter material, the surfaces of which are loaded with microorganisms, there is an optimal contact between the water and the surface of the filter material and at the same time a very uniform flow rate due to the open-pore structure of the material the filter is reached.
Stehende Gewässer, wie Teichen und Seen, im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung bedeuten natürliche oder künstliche Gewässer beliebiger Größe einschließlich Abwasseranlagen,Standing water, such as ponds and lakes, in the context of the present invention mean natural or artificial water of any size, including sewage systems,
Schwimmbecken, Aquarien usw. Insbesondere zählen dazu die Gartenteiche sowie die in freier Landschaft vorhandenen Seen und Teiche, industrielle Abwasseranlagen, wie die Wasserbecken oder angeschlossenen Teiche und Sickergruben, Aquarien in beliebiger Größe.Swimming pools, aquariums, etc. In particular, this includes the garden ponds and the lakes and ponds in the open landscape, industrial sewage systems such as the water pools or connected ponds and septic tanks, aquariums of any size.
Das Entfernen von partikulären und/oder gelösten Verbindungen im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung bedeutet, dass diese Verbindungen im in den Filter eintretenden Wasser vorliegen und entweder physikalisch, chemisch und/oder mikrobiologisch daraus entfernt und im austretenden Wasser in beträchtlich reduzierter Menge oder nicht mehr vorhanden sind. Das austretende Wasser wird im folgenden auch als „aufbereitetes Wasser" bezeichnet.The removal of particulate and / or dissolved compounds in the sense of the present invention means that these compounds are present in the water entering the filter and are either physically, chemically and / or microbiologically removed therefrom and are present in the exiting water in a considerably reduced amount or are no longer present , The escaping water is also referred to below as "treated water".
Als Filtermaterial wird ein dreidimensionales Kunststoffgespinst verwendet, dessen Hohlräume mit Mikroorganismen besiedelt werden können. Ein dreidimensionales Kunststoffgespinst hat den Vorteil, wenn dessen Hohlräume mit Mikroorganismen beladen sind, sich ein optimaler Kontakt zwischen dem Wasser und der Oberfläche des Filtermaterials, d.h. derA three-dimensional plastic web is used as filter material, the cavities of which can be populated with microorganisms. A three-dimensional plastic web has the advantage that if its cavities are loaded with microorganisms, there is an optimal contact between the water and the surface of the filter material, i.e. the
Oberfläche der Mikroorganismen, ergibt und gleichzeitig aufgrund der offenporigen Struktur des Materials eine sehr gleichmäßige Durchströmungsgeschwindigkeit durch den Filter erreicht wird.Surface of the microorganisms, and at the same time, due to the open-pore structure of the material, a very uniform flow rate through the filter is achieved.
Das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Kunststoffgespinst kann zumindest teilweise durch andere übliche Filtermaterialien, wie Watte, Schwämme und anorganische Stoffe mit großer Oberfläche ersetzt werden, wie die als Molekularsiebe und Adsorptionsmittel genannten Alumiumoxide, Silicagele, natürliche oder künstliche Tonmineralien sowie Aktivkohle.The plastic web used according to the invention can at least partially be replaced by other conventional filter materials, such as cotton wool, sponges and inorganic substances with a large surface area, such as the aluminum oxides, silica gels, natural or artificial clay minerals and activated carbon mentioned as molecular sieves and adsorbents.
Das vorzugsweise eingesetzte Kunststoffgespinst sollte aus einem chemisch inerten Material bestehen, insbesondere nicht durch Wasser oder durch in Wasser vorhandene Substanzen, wie Seifen, Tenside, Öle und Fette, sowie Säuren und Basen bei üblichen Temperaturen angegriffen werden. Ferner sollte es eine solche Festigkeit haben, dass es ohne weiteres dem Strom des zu filtrierenden Wassers bei einer Geschwindigkeit von 0,2 m/Std. bis 2 m/Std. standhalten kann. Als geeignete Materialien haben sich Polyester, Polyurethane, PVC etc. erwiesen. Es hat sich als besonders geeignet erwiesen, wenn in diesem Kunststoffge- spinst die einzelnen Hohlräume nicht über zweidimensionale Flächen, sondern punktförmig über Ecken miteinander verknüpft sind. Derartige Kunststoffgespinste sind im Handel erhältlich. Sie können z.B. hergestellt werden durch Schäumen der Ausgangsmaterialien in der Schmelze oder während des Polymerisationsverfahrens, Ultraschallbehandlung während des Polymerisationsverfahrens oder durch Exdrudieren eines dünnen Kunststoffstranges wobei dieser Kunststoffstrang dreidimensional anordnet und punktförmige Verknüpfungen innerhalb dieses Stranges gebildet werden.The preferably used plastic web should consist of a chemically inert material, in particular not by water or by substances present in water, such as soaps, surfactants, oils and fats, as well as acids and bases at normal temperatures to be attacked. Furthermore, it should have such a strength that it can easily flow with the water to be filtered at a speed of 0.2 m / h. up to 2 m / h can withstand. Polyester, polyurethane, PVC etc. have proven to be suitable materials. It has proven to be particularly suitable if the individual cavities are not linked to one another via two-dimensional surfaces, but rather point-wise via corners in this plastic spun. Such plastic webs are commercially available. They can be produced, for example, by foaming the starting materials in the melt or during the polymerization process, ultrasound treatment during the polymerization process or by extruding a thin plastic strand, this plastic strand being arranged in three dimensions and punctiform connections being formed within this strand.
Besonders bevorzugt wird als Filtermaterial ein flexibler Polyester/Polyurethanschaum eingesetzt, der mit Polyvinylchlorid, Cellulosecarboxylat, wie Celluloseacetat oder anderen Cel- lulosederiveaten, wie Celluloseether, beschichtet ist. Die Beschichtung aus Polyvinylchlorid verleiht dem dreidimensionalen Gespinst eine gewisse Festigkeit bzw. vergrößert die vorhandene Oberfläche durch die durch die Beschichtung bildenden Rauhigkeiten.A flexible polyester / polyurethane foam which is coated with polyvinyl chloride, cellulose carboxylate, such as cellulose acetate or other cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose ether, is particularly preferably used as the filter material. The coating made of polyvinyl chloride gives the three-dimensional web a certain strength or enlarges the existing surface due to the roughness formed by the coating.
Das Filtermaterial selbst kann eine beliebige für Filtermaterialien bzw. Filterkörper übliche Form aufweisen, z.B. zylindrisch, elipsoid, kubisch, rechteckig, tetraedrisch, oktaedrisch etc. wobei sich eckige Formen wie Quader oder Würfel als besonders geeignet erwiesen haben.The filter material itself can have any shape customary for filter materials or filter bodies, e.g. cylindrical, elipsoid, cubic, rectangular, tetrahedral, octahedral etc. where angular shapes such as cuboids or cubes have proven to be particularly suitable.
Die Größe der einzelnen Filterkörper liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 6 cm, insbesondere zwischen 1 ,5 und 5 cm, vorzugsweise weisen kubische Filtermaterialien eine Kantenlänge von 2 bis 5 cm, besonders bevorzugt von 2 bis 3 cm auf.The size of the individual filter bodies is preferably between 1 and 6 cm, in particular between 1, 5 and 5 cm, preferably cubic filter materials have an edge length of 2 to 5 cm, particularly preferably of 2 to 3 cm.
Das Filtermaterial hat üblicherweise eine Porendichte, die etwa bis zu 30 ppi, vorzugsweiseThe filter material usually has a pore density that is preferably up to about 30 ppi
10 bis 30 ppi entspricht. Diese Porosität entspricht ca. 4 bis 300 Verknüpfungen pro 1 cm3.Corresponds to 10 to 30 ppi. This porosity corresponds to approximately 4 to 300 connections per 1 cm 3 .
Die spezifische Oberfläche beträgt vorzugsweise über 150 m2/m3, vorzugsweise zwischenThe specific surface is preferably over 150 m 2 / m 3 , preferably between
250 und 500 m2/m3 und bei besonders hohen Belastungen und Verwendung des beschich- teten Materials bis zu 10.000 m2/m3. Die Porosität liegt vorzugsweise über 0,90, besonders bevorzugt über 0,95.250 and 500 m 2 / m 3 and with particularly high loads and use of the coated material up to 10,000 m 2 / m 3 . The porosity is preferably above 0.90, particularly preferably above 0.95.
Auf dieses Kunststoffgespinst können in an sich bekannter Weise Mikroorganismen aufgebracht werden. Als besonders geeignet haben sich Mikroorganismen der Gattung der Nitrifi- kanten und Denitrifikanten erwiesen. Besonders bevorzugt werden denitrifizierende Mikroorganismen eingesetzt, die Stickstoff-haltige Verbindungen, wie Nitrate und Nitrite zu elementarem Stickstoff, N2, reduzieren. Die nitrifizierenden Mikroorganismen oxidieren Ammonium- verbindungen zu den Nitraten bzw. Nitriten, die wiederum zu N2 reduziert werden können. Elementarer Stickstoff ist ein unschädliches Gas, das auch in der Atmosphäre enthalten ist, es kann also direkt an die Umgebung abgeführt werden. Der erfindungsmäße Teichfilter kann bereits seitens des Herstellers mit entsprechenden Mikroorganismen besiedelt werden. Der Anwender kann die Mikroorganismen auch selbst, d.h. vor Ort auf die Filterkörper aufbringen, indem der Teichfilter in eine Lösung oder Dispersion der Mikroorganismen getaucht oder diese durch den Filter gepumpt werden, bis die Besiedelung für den gewünschten Vorgang abgeschlossen ist.Microorganisms can be applied to this plastic web in a manner known per se. Microorganisms of the type of nitrifying and denitrifying have proven to be particularly suitable. Denitrifying microorganisms which reduce nitrogen-containing compounds such as nitrates and nitrites to elemental nitrogen, N 2 , are particularly preferably used. The nitrifying microorganisms oxidize ammonium compounds to the nitrates or nitrites, which in turn can be reduced to N 2 . Elemental nitrogen is a harmless gas that is also present in the atmosphere, so it can be directly released into the environment. The pond filter according to the invention can already be populated by the manufacturer with appropriate microorganisms. The user can also apply the microorganisms themselves, ie on-site to the filter bodies, by immersing the pond filter in a solution or dispersion of the microorganisms or by pumping them through the filter until the colonization for the desired process has been completed.
Die Mikroorganismen, auch Biomasse genannt, werden auf das Kunststoffgespinst in Mengen zwischen 1 bis 110, vorzugsweise von 30 bis 110 g/m3 aufgebracht.The microorganisms, also called biomass, are applied to the plastic web in amounts between 1 to 110, preferably from 30 to 110 g / m 3 .
Das Einfüllen des Filtermaterials in das Filtergehäuse erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise. Die Menge an Filtermaterial im Gehäuse hängt von der Größe des Gehäuses ab und sollte so bemessen sein, dass das Wasser ungehindert durch das Gehäuse, selbstverständlich inThe filter material is filled into the filter housing in a manner known per se. The amount of filter material in the housing depends on the size of the housing and should be such that the water can pass through the housing unhindered
Abhängigkeit von den Strömungsablenkungen durch das Filtermaterial, hindurchströmen kann, wobei auch gewährleistet sein muß, dass das zu filternde Wasser eine ausreichende Kontaktzeit mit den auf der Oberfläche des Filtermaterials befindenden Mikroorganismen hat.Depending on the flow deflections through the filter material, it must also be ensured that the water to be filtered has sufficient contact time with the microorganisms on the surface of the filter material.
Um zu verhindern, dass das Filtergehäuse mit gröberen Verunreinigungen aus dem Gewässer verschmutzt wird, ist dem Filter in Durchströmungsrichtung vorzugsweise ein Vorfilter vorgeschaltet, wodurch das zuströmende Wasser mechanisch gereinigt und insbesondere von Feststoffteilchen und Sedimenten befreit wird. Um die Herstellungskosten des Filtergehäuses günstig und die Anwendung einfach zu halten, befinden sich der Filter und der Vor- filter vorzugsweise in einem gemeinsamen Filtergehäuse. Es hat sich als besonders geeignet erwiesen, wenn die Zuströmung in den Vorfilter über eine perforierte Wand des Filtergehäuses erfolgt. Die Perforation kann derart ausgewählt werden, dass, je nach Gewässertyp, Verunreinigungen einer bestimmten Teilchengröße zurückgehalten werden.In order to prevent the filter housing from being contaminated with coarser impurities from the water, a prefilter is preferably connected upstream of the filter in the flow direction, as a result of which the inflowing water is mechanically cleaned and in particular freed from solid particles and sediments. In order to keep the manufacturing costs of the filter housing low and to keep the application simple, the filter and the pre-filter are preferably located in a common filter housing. It has proven particularly suitable if the inflow into the pre-filter takes place via a perforated wall of the filter housing. The perforation can be selected in such a way that, depending on the type of water, impurities of a certain particle size are retained.
Vom Vorfilterraum wird das aufzubereitende bzw. zu reinigende Wasser in den Filterraum, der mit dem Filtermaterial gefüllt ist, transportiert. Die Filterleistung des erfindungsgemäßen Teichfilters kann erhöht werden, wenn man den Wasserstrom vom Vorfilterraum in den Filterraum in zwei Ströme aufteilt. Das Aufteilen des Filterstroms führt zu einer Verdoppelung der das Medium durchtretenden Wasserfronten und mit zu einer Verkürzung der Filterstrecke des Wassers im Filter. Insgesamt wird die Flächengeschwindigkeit verringert unter Aufrechterhaltung der Bruttoverweilzeit. Eine weitere Erhöhung der Filterleistung kann dadurch erhalten werden, dass am Austrittsende des Verbindungskanals in den Filterraum Umlenkmittel angeordnet sind, welche die austretende Strömung in mindestens zwei diametral voneinander weggerichtete Strömungspfade umlenken. Diese Umlenkmittel trennen den Wasserstrom erneut, was zu einer weite- ren Verdoppelung der Wasserfronten führt.The water to be treated or cleaned is transported from the pre-filter room to the filter room which is filled with the filter material. The filter performance of the pond filter according to the invention can be increased if the water flow from the pre-filter space into the filter space is divided into two flows. The division of the filter stream leads to a doubling of the water fronts passing through the medium and to a shortening of the filter section of the water in the filter. Overall, the surface speed is reduced while maintaining the gross residence time. A further increase in filter performance can be obtained by arranging deflecting means at the outlet end of the connecting channel into the filter space, which deflect the exiting flow into at least two flow paths that are diametrically directed away from one another. These deflecting means separate the water flow again, which leads to a further doubling of the water fronts.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Umlenkmittel Filtereinbauten, die sich parallel zu mindestens einer der Hauptseiten des Filterraumes erstrecken.In a preferred embodiment, the deflection means are filter internals which extend parallel to at least one of the main sides of the filter space.
Der Verbindungskanal vom Vorfilterraum zum Filterraum kann mit Filtermaterial gefüllt sein, ist jedoch vorzugsweise frei vom Filtermaterial, so dass die eigentliche Aufbereitung bzw. der Reinigungsvorgang erst im Filterraum stattfindet.The connecting channel from the pre-filter space to the filter space can be filled with filter material, but is preferably free of the filter material, so that the actual preparation or cleaning process only takes place in the filter space.
Das Filtergehäuse kann aus einem beliebigen, für Teichfilter geeigneten Material bestehen, wie einem festen oder flexiblen Kunststoff, Metall, usw. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht das Filtergehäuse aus einer flexiblen Folie. Derartige flexible Folien lassen sich besonders gut zu räumlichen Gebilden verarbeiten, z.B. durch Verschweißen der einzelnen Teile miteinander.The filter housing can consist of any material suitable for pond filters, such as a solid or flexible plastic, metal, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the filter housing consists of a flexible film. Such flexible films can be processed particularly well to form spatial structures, e.g. by welding the individual parts together.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Filtergehäuse faltbar, d.h. zusammenlegbar ist. Vorzugsweise besteht es aus einem, das sich falten läßt, ohne beschädigt zu werden. Geeignete Materialien sind z. B. Folien aus Kunststoffen. Ein faltbares Gehäuse hat den Vorteil, daß es in kleinen und handlichen Verpackungen gelagert und in den Handel gebracht werden kann.In a preferred embodiment, the filter housing is foldable, i.e. is collapsible. It preferably consists of one that can be folded without being damaged. Suitable materials are e.g. B. plastic films. A foldable housing has the advantage that it can be stored in small and handy packaging and put on the market.
Um den Filterraum mit Filtermaterial befüllen zu können, ist der den Filterraum einschließende Teil des Filtergehäuses, z.B. der Folie, vorzugsweise mit einer verschließbaren Öffnung versehen. Diese Öffnung kann z.B. mittels eines Reißverschlusses, eines Gleitverschlusses, eines Klettverschlusses etc. verschlossen werden.In order to be able to fill the filter space with filter material, the part of the filter housing enclosing the filter space, e.g. the film, preferably provided with a closable opening. This opening can e.g. be closed with a zipper, a slide fastener, a Velcro fastener etc.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird der Teichfilter unterhalb der Gewässeroberfläche angebracht, in dieser Ausführungsform handelt es sich um einen sogenannten Teichinnenfilter. Diese Ausführungsform hat den Vorteil, dass das zu filtrierende Wasser seine Temperatur nicht ändert, das eintretende Wasser hat die gleiche Temperatur wie das austretende, gereinigte Wasser. Es hat sich als geeignet erwiesen, das Filtergehäuse mitIn a further preferred embodiment, the pond filter is attached below the water surface, in this embodiment it is a so-called pond internal filter. This embodiment has the advantage that the water to be filtered does not change its temperature, the incoming water has the same temperature as the outgoing, purified water. It has proven to be suitable to use the filter housing
Mitteln zur Befestigung des Gehäuses unter der Gewässeroberfläche zu versehen. Eine derartige Ausführungsform hat ferner den Vorteil, dass bei etwaigen Defekten, z. B. Undichtig- keiten oder mangelnde Verbindung zum weiteren Filter, das angesogene Wasser direkt wieder dem Gewässer zugeführt und nicht die Gefahr besteht, dass dieses leer gepumpt wird.To provide means for fastening the housing under the surface of the water. Such an embodiment also has the advantage that in the event of defects, e.g. B. Leaking or there is no connection to the other filter, the sucked water is returned directly to the body of water and there is no risk that it will be pumped empty.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist auch die Pumpe zum Transportieren des Wassers unterhalb der Gewässeroberfläche angeordnet, vorzugsweise innerhalb der Vorfilterkammer, in dieser Ausführungsform ist sie also unsichtbar für den Betrachter.In a further preferred embodiment, the pump for transporting the water is also arranged below the surface of the water, preferably inside the prefilter chamber, so in this embodiment it is invisible to the viewer.
Das Filtergehäuse, wie es voranstehend beschrieben wird, kann selbstverständlich auch zum Filtrieren und Entfernen anderer, im Wasser befindlicher Komponenten eingesetzt wer- den. So können als Filtermaterialien auch beliebige Materialien eingesetzt, die zu entfernenden Komponenten durch Adsorption entfernen.The filter housing, as described above, can of course also be used to filter and remove other components in the water. Any materials can be used as filter materials that remove components to be removed by adsorption.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist demgemäß ein Teichfilter zur Entfernung von partikulären und/oder gelösten Komponenten aus insbesondere stehenden Ge- wässern, wie Teichen und Seen, sowie Aquarien mit einer Wasser aus dem Gewässer ansaugenden Pumpe, einem von dem angesaugten Wasser durchströmten Filtergehäuse sowie einer Rückführung des behandelten Wassers in das Gewässer, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strom des angesaugten Wassers vor Eintritt in den Filterraum in mindestens zwei Wasserströme geteilt wird.Another object of the present invention is accordingly a pond filter for removing particulate and / or dissolved components from standing water in particular, such as ponds and lakes, as well as aquariums with a pump sucking water from the water, a filter housing through which the sucked water flows, and a return of the treated water to the water, characterized in that the flow of the sucked water is divided into at least two water flows before entering the filter space.
In dieser Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung kann der Teichfilter mit einem beliebigen Filtermaterial befüllt werden, wobei das oben beschriebene Kunststoffgespinst besonders bevorzugt eingesetzt wird.In this embodiment of the present invention, the pond filter can be filled with any filter material, the plastic web described above being used with particular preference.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Teilstrom in denIn a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a partial flow in the
Filterraum geleitet, wobei dieser Teilstrom vor Eintritt in den Filterraum in zwei oder mehrere Teilströme aufgeteilt werden kann, und der zweite Teilstrom wird mit Hilfe einer Belüftungseinrichtung mit Sauerstoff versehen.Passed filter space, which partial flow can be divided into two or more partial flows before entering the filter space, and the second partial flow is provided with oxygen with the aid of a ventilation device.
Die Belüftungseinrichtung kann beispielsweise über eine Gaszuleitung Luft oder Sauerstoff in den zweiten Teilstrom leiten, wie über eine aktiv tätige Pumpe. Vorzugsweise ist der zweite Teilstrom über ein Rohr mit der Umgebungsluft verbunden, so daß über den Wasserstrom Luft aus dem Rohr mitgerissen und Frischluft aus der Umgebung angezogen wird (Venturi-Prinzip). Es ist natürlich auch möglich, die Belüftung, d.h. die Sauerstoffzufuhr, durch Zugabe von Sauerstoff-spendenden Verbindungen, wie Peroxiden, zu bewirken. Der erfindungsgemäße Teichfilter kann in verschiedenen Ausgestaltungen in den Handel gebracht werden. In einer möglichen Ausführungsform wird der Teichfilter bereist gefüllt mit Filtermaterial angeboten. Das Aufbringen der Mikroorganismen erfolgt vorzugsweise vor Ort durch den Anwender.The ventilation device can, for example, lead air or oxygen into the second partial flow via a gas feed line, such as via an actively operating pump. The second partial flow is preferably connected to the ambient air via a pipe, so that air is entrained in the pipe via the water flow and fresh air is drawn in from the surroundings (Venturi principle). It is of course also possible to effect the aeration, ie the oxygen supply, by adding oxygen-donating compounds, such as peroxides. The pond filter according to the invention can be put on the market in various configurations. In one possible embodiment, the pond filter is already offered filled with filter material. The microorganisms are preferably applied on site by the user.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung wird der Teichfilter als sogenanntes Kit-of-parts angeboten, das das Filtergehäuse, Filtermaterial und aufzubringende Mikroorganismen umfaßt. Das Befüllen des Filtergehäuses mit Filtermaterial und anschließende Aufbringen der Mikroorganismen auf das Filtermaterial erfolgt durch den An- wender. Das Kit-of-parts hat den Vorteil, daß die einzelnen Komponenten ggf. vom Anwendungszweck, wie vom Gewässertyp, abgestimmt werden können. Ferner ist die Verpackung für die einzelnen Bestandteile wesentlich kleiner und kompakter als ein fertig ausgestattetes Filtergehäuse.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pond filter is offered as a so-called kit-of-parts, which comprises the filter housing, filter material and microorganisms to be applied. The user fills the filter housing with filter material and then applies the microorganisms to the filter material. The kit-of-parts has the advantage that the individual components can be adjusted depending on the application, such as the type of water. Furthermore, the packaging for the individual components is much smaller and more compact than a fully equipped filter housing.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert.The present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached figures.
Figur 1 und Figur 2 zeigen je eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Filtergehäuses. Das verwendete Filtermaterial ist nicht dargestellt.Figure 1 and Figure 2 each show an embodiment of the filter housing according to the invention. The filter material used is not shown.
Der in Figur 1 dargestellte Teichfilter besteht aus einem Filtergehäuse 1 , der sowohl den Filterraum 2 als auch die Vorfilterkammer 3 umfaßt. Die Zuströmung des zu reinigenden beziehungsweise filtrierenden Wassers erfolgt über eine perforierte Wand 4 im Filtergehäuse.The pond filter shown in Figure 1 consists of a filter housing 1, which includes both the filter chamber 2 and the pre-filter chamber 3. The inflow of the water to be cleaned or filtered takes place via a perforated wall 4 in the filter housing.
Von der Vorfilterkammer wird das Wasser über einen Verbindungskanal in den Filterraum 2 transportiert. In der hier dargestellten Ausführungsform wird der Wasserstrom zweigeteilt und über die Verbindungskanäle 5a und 5b in den Filterraum transportiert. Am Austrittsende 6a und 6b sind im Filterraum 2 Umlenkmittel 7 angeordnet, welche die austretende Strömung in mindestens zwei diametral voneinander weggerichtete Strömungspfade umlenken. Durch diese Umlenkmittel 7 erfolgt eine weitere Aufteilung des Wasserstroms, wodurch eine wei- tere Erhöhung der Filterleistung bewirkt werden kann.The water is transported from the pre-filter chamber into the filter chamber 2 via a connecting channel. In the embodiment shown here, the water flow is divided into two and transported into the filter space via the connecting channels 5a and 5b. At the outlet end 6a and 6b 2 deflection means 7 are arranged in the filter chamber, which deflect the emerging flow in at least two diametrically directed flow paths. This deflection means 7 results in a further division of the water flow, as a result of which a further increase in the filter performance can be brought about.
In der hier dargestellten Ausführungsform sind die Umlenkmittel 7 Filtereinbauten, die sich parallel zu mindestens einer der Hauptseiten des Filterraums erstrecken.In the embodiment shown here, the deflection means 7 are filter internals that extend parallel to at least one of the main sides of the filter space.
Im weiteren Filtriervorgang wird das Wasser durch die Durchtrittsöffnungen 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, inIn the further filtering process, the water is passed through the openings 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, in
Richtung Auslass 9 transportiert, wo die einzelnen Volumenströme wieder gesammelt werden und den Teichfilter als ein Strom verlassen. ln einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird das durch den Filter geführte Wasser in der Nähe der Wasseroberfläche oder über der Wasseroberfläche ausgetragen und dem Teich etc. wieder rückgeführt. Das Austragen über der Wasseroberfläche kann z.B. mittels dafür geeigneter Aufsätze, wie Fontänenaufsätzen etc. erfolgen. Diese Ausführungsform bietet die Möglichkeit, dass das gereinigte bzw. aufbereitete Wasser Sauerstoff aufnimmt.Transported towards outlet 9, where the individual volume flows are collected again and leave the pond filter as one stream. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water passed through the filter is discharged near the water surface or above the water surface and returned to the pond, etc. The discharge above the water surface can take place, for example, using suitable attachments, such as fountain attachments, etc. This embodiment offers the possibility that the purified or treated water absorbs oxygen.
Der Filter kann über die verschließbare Öffnung 10 mit dem Filtermaterial gefüllt werden.The filter can be filled with the filter material via the closable opening 10.
Auch in Figur 2 ist ein Filtergehäuse 1 dargestellt, das den Filterraum 2 und die Vorfilterkammer 3 umfaßt. Das zu filtrierende beziehungsweise reinigende Wasser tritt über eine perforierte Wand 4 in die Vorfilterkammer 3 ein. Auch in dieser Ausführungsform wird der Wasserstrom geteilt und über die Verbindungskanäle 5a und 5b in den Filterraum 2 trans- portiert. In der hier dargestellten Ausführungsform weist der Verbindungskanal 5a beziehungsweise 5b eine weitere Austrittsöffnung 11a beziehungsweise 11 b auf. Die Wasserströme treten also durch die Austrittsöffnungen 6a und 6b sowie 11a und 11b in den Filterraum 2 ein. Auch an diesen Austrittsöffnungen 6a, 6b, 11a, 11 b sind Umlenkmittel angeordnet, durch welches die hier austretende Strömung ebenfalls in mindestens zwei diametral voneinander weggerichtete Strömungspfade umgelenkt wird. Durch die zusätzlichen Aus- trittsöffnungen erfolgt eine weitere Aufteilung des Volumenstromes. In der hier dargestellten Ausführungsform wird eine Verachtfachung der Oberfläche des zu reinigenden beziehungsweise filtrierenden Wassers erreicht, was eine Verachtfachung der Filterleistung bedeutet.Also shown in Figure 2 is a filter housing 1, which includes the filter chamber 2 and the pre-filter chamber 3. The water to be filtered or cleaned enters the pre-filter chamber 3 via a perforated wall 4. In this embodiment, too, the water flow is divided and transported into the filter space 2 via the connecting channels 5a and 5b. In the embodiment shown here, the connecting channel 5a or 5b has a further outlet opening 11a or 11b. The water flows thus enter the filter space 2 through the outlet openings 6a and 6b and 11a and 11b. Deflection means are also arranged at these outlet openings 6a, 6b, 11a, 11b, through which the flow emerging here is also deflected into at least two flow paths directed diametrically away from one another. A further division of the volume flow takes place through the additional outlet openings. In the embodiment shown here, the surface of the water to be cleaned or filtered is increased eightfold, which means that the filtering capacity is increased eightfold.
Üblicherweise weist das zu reinigende beziehungsweise filtrierende Wasser eine Geschwindigkeit von 0,3 bis 1 ,5 m/Stunde, insbesondere von 0,5 bis 0,75 m/Stunde auf.The water to be cleaned or filtered typically has a speed of 0.3 to 1.5 m / hour, in particular 0.5 to 0.75 m / hour.
Insgesamt bleibt zwar die Oberflächengeschwindigkeit unverändert, da sich die Oberfläche jedoch vergrößert, vergrößert sich auch die Filterleistung des erfindungsgemäßen Teichfil- ters.Overall, the surface speed remains unchanged, but since the surface area increases, the filter performance of the pond filter according to the invention also increases.
Auch das in Figur 2 dargestellte Filtergehäuse kann über die verschließbaren Öffnungen 10 mit Filtermaterial gefüllt werden. BezugszeichenlisteThe filter housing shown in FIG. 2 can also be filled with filter material via the closable openings 10. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Filtergehäuse1 filter housing
2 Filterraum2 filter room
3 Vorfilterkammer3 pre-filter chamber
4 perforierte Wand4 perforated wall
5a, 5b Verbindungskanal5a, 5b connecting channel
6a, 6b Austrittsende6a, 6b exit end
7 Umlenkmittel7 deflecting means
8a, 8b, 8c, 8d Durchtrittsöffnungen8a, 8b, 8c, 8d through openings
9 Auslass9 outlet
10 verschließbare Öffnung10 closable opening
11a, 11b Austrittsöffnungen 11a, 11b outlet openings

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Teichfilter zur Entfernung von schädlichen Verbindungen aus insbesondere stehenden Gewässern, wie Teichen und Seen, sowie Aquarien mit einer Wasser aus dem Gewässer ansaugenden Pumpe, einem von dem angesaugten Wasser durchströmten Filtergehäuse mit darin angeordneten Filterkörpern sowie einer Rückführung des behandelten Wassers in das Gewässer, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Filtergehäuse mit einem Filtermaterial aus einem dreidimensionalen Kunststoffgespinst gefüllt ist, dessen Hohlräume mit Mikroorganismen besiedelt werden können.1. pond filter for removing harmful compounds from standing water in particular, such as ponds and lakes, as well as aquariums with a pump sucking water from the water, a filter housing through which the sucked water flows, with filter bodies arranged therein, and a return of the treated water to the water, characterized in that the filter housing is filled with a filter material made of a three-dimensional plastic web, the cavities of which can be populated with microorganisms.
2. Teichfilter nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Durchströmungrichtung dem Filter ein Vorfilter vorgeschaltet ist, in dem das zuströmende Wasser mechanisch gereinigt und insbesondere von Feststoffteilchen und Sedimenten befreit wird.2. Pond filter according to claim 1, characterized in that a pre-filter is connected upstream of the filter in the flow direction, in which the inflowing water is mechanically cleaned and in particular freed from solid particles and sediments.
3. Teichfilter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich Filter und Vorfilter in einem gemeinsamen Filtergehäuse befinden.3. Pond filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the filter and pre-filter are in a common filter housing.
4. Teichfilter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zuströmung in den Vorfilter über eine perforierte Wand des Filtergehäuses erfolgt.4. Pond filter according to claim 3, characterized in that the inflow into the pre-filter takes place via a perforated wall of the filter housing.
5. Teichfilter nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von dem Vorfilterraum zu dem Filterraum mindestens ein Verbindungskanal führt, und dass am Austrittsende des Verbindungskanals in dem Filterraum Umlenkmittel angeordnet sind, welche die austretende Strömung in mindestens zwei diametral vonein- ander weggerichtete Strömungspfade umlenken.5. Pond filter according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that at least one connecting duct leads from the pre-filter space to the filter space, and that deflection means are arranged in the filter space at the outlet end of the connecting duct, which deflect the emerging flow in at least two diametrically apart divert away flow paths.
6. Teichfilter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umlenkmittel Filtereinbauten sind, die sich parallel zu mindestens einer der Hauptseiten des Filterraums erstrecken.6. pond filter according to claim 5, characterized in that the deflecting means are filter internals which extend parallel to at least one of the main sides of the filter space.
Teichfilter nach Anspruch 5 oder Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbindungskanal frei von Filtermaterial ist. Pond filter according to claim 5 or claim 6, characterized in that the connecting channel is free of filter material.
8. Teichfilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Filtergehäuse aus flexibler Folien besteht.8. pond filter according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the filter housing consists of flexible films.
9. Teichfilter nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der den Filterraum einschließende Teil der Folie mit einer verschließbaren Öffnung versehen ist.9. pond filter according to claim 8, characterized in that the part of the film enclosing the filter space is provided with a closable opening.
10. Teichfilter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Öffnung mittels eines Reißverschlusses, eines Gleitverschlusses oder eines Klettverschlusses ver- schließbar ist.10. Pond filter according to claim 9, characterized in that the opening can be closed by means of a zipper, a slide fastener or a Velcro fastener.
11. Teichfilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 gekennzeichnet durch Mittel zur Befestigung des Filtergehäuses unter der Gewässeroberfläche.11. Pond filter according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by means for fastening the filter housing under the surface of the water.
12. Teichfilter nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auch die Pumpe unter der Gewässeroberfläche angeordnet ist.12. Pond filter according to claim 11, characterized in that the pump is also arranged under the surface of the water.
13. Teichfilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kunststoffgespinst des Filtermaterials gebildet wird durch Kunststoffstränge, die 4 bis 300 Verknüpfungsstellen pro 1 cm3 aufweisen.13. Pond filter according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the plastic web of the filter material is formed by plastic strands having 4 to 300 connection points per 1 cm 3 .
14. Teichfilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Filtermaterial zylindrisch, elipsoid, kubisch, rechteckig, tetraedrisch, oktaedrisch ist.14. Pond filter according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the filter material is cylindrical, elipsoid, cubic, rectangular, tetrahedral, octahedral.
15. Teichfilter nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Filtermaterial ein15. pond filter according to claim 14, characterized in that the filter material
Quader oder Würfel mit einer Kantenlänge von 1 ,5 bis 5 cm ist.Cuboid or cubes with an edge length of 1.5 to 5 cm.
16. Teichfilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mit nitrifizierenden, vorzugsweise denitrifizierenden, Mikroorganismen beladen ist.16. Pond filter according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it is loaded with nitrifying, preferably denitrifying, microorganisms.
17. Teichfilter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das gereinigte Wasser in der Nähe oder über der Wasseroberfläche ausgetragen wird.17. Pond filter according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the purified water is discharged near or above the water surface.
18. Teichfilter zur Entfernung von partikulären und/oder gelösten Komponenten aus ins- besondere stehenden Gewässern, wie Teichen und Seen, sowie Aquarien mit einer18. Pond filter for the removal of particulate and / or dissolved components from standing water in particular, such as ponds and lakes, as well as aquariums with a
Wasser aus dem Gewässer ansaugenden Pumpe, einem von dem angesaugten Wasser durchströmten Filtergehäuse sowie einer Rückführung des behandelten Wassers in das Gewässer, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strom des angesaugten Wassers vor Eintritt in den Filterraum in mindestens zwei Wasserströme geteilt wird.Water from the water-sucking pump, a filter housing through which the sucked-in water flows and a return of the treated one Water into the water, characterized in that the flow of the sucked water is divided into at least two water flows before entering the filter room.
19. Filtermaterial geeignet zum Entfernen von partikulären und/oder gelösten Verbindungen aus insbesondere stehenden Gewässern, wie Teichen und Seen, sowie Aquarien dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein dreidimensionales Kunststoffgespinst ist, worin die einzelnen Hohlräume punktförmig über Ecken miteinander verknüpft sind.19. Filter material suitable for removing particulate and / or loosened compounds from standing water in particular, such as ponds and lakes, as well as aquariums, characterized in that it is a three-dimensional plastic web, in which the individual cavities are connected to one another in a point-like manner via corners.
20. Kit-of-parts, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein Filtergehäuse nach einem der20. Kit-of-parts, characterized in that it is a filter housing according to one of the
Ansprüche 1 bis 19, Filtermaterial und zum Aufbringen auf Filtermaterial geeignete Mikroorganismen umfaßt.Claims 1 to 19, filter material and suitable for application to filter material microorganisms.
21. Kit-of-parts, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Filtermaterial aus einem dreidimen- sionalem Kunststoffgespinst besteht.21. Kit-of-parts, characterized in that the filter material consists of a three-dimensional plastic web.
22. Kit-of-parts nach Anspruch 20 oder 21 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mikroorganismen ausgewählt sind aus der Gattung der Nitrifikanten und Denitrifikanten. 22. Kit-of-parts according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the microorganisms are selected from the genus of nitrifying and denitrifying.
PCT/EP2000/008430 1999-08-31 2000-08-30 Pond filter WO2001016034A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU74146/00A AU7414600A (en) 1999-08-31 2000-08-30 Pond filter

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1999141457 DE19941457A1 (en) 1999-08-31 1999-08-31 Filter removing pollutants from standing waters, e.g. ponds, lakes and aquaria, contains spun plastic yarn filter material, interspaces of which are populated with microorganisms
DE19941457.2 1999-08-31
DE1999142475 DE19942475A1 (en) 1999-08-31 1999-09-06 Pond filter
DE19942475.6 1999-09-06

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EP0165862A1 (en) * 1984-06-14 1985-12-27 Institut National De Recherche Chimique Appliquee Material with a large specific surface and its use in favourizing the contact between environments or reactants involving physical and/or chemical and/or biological phenomena
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GB1574922A (en) * 1976-09-24 1980-09-10 Niigata Engineering Co Ltd Method and unit for wastewater treatment by microorganisms
GB2146255A (en) * 1983-09-07 1985-04-17 Malcolm Graham Goodson Pond filter
EP0165862A1 (en) * 1984-06-14 1985-12-27 Institut National De Recherche Chimique Appliquee Material with a large specific surface and its use in favourizing the contact between environments or reactants involving physical and/or chemical and/or biological phenomena
FR2639342A1 (en) * 1988-11-22 1990-05-25 Seine Normandie Agence Financi Support for binding microorganisms in water purification and treatment and purification processes and reactors employing such a support
EP0630861A1 (en) * 1993-06-24 1994-12-28 Monsanto Europe S.A./N.V. Substrate material for a biofilm and biofilm reactor
US5853578A (en) * 1996-07-10 1998-12-29 Flyaks; Nina Method for biological purification of liquids and biological filter for purification of liquids

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004020343A2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-11 Oase Gmbh Pool filter with a pre-filtering unit
WO2004020343A3 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-04-29 Oase Wuebker Gmbh & Co Kg Pool filter with a pre-filtering unit
US7264720B2 (en) 2002-08-30 2007-09-04 Case Gmbh Pool filter with a pre-filtering unit

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DE19942475A1 (en) 2001-05-10
DE19941457A1 (en) 2001-03-01
AU7414600A (en) 2001-03-26

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