钻 并 设 备 技术领域 Drilling and installation equipment
本发明涉及一种钻井设备。 The invention relates to a drilling equipment.
背景技术 Background technique
现有的用于打井的钻井设备, 通常包括: 起升系统、 旋转系统、 循 环系统、 动力设备、 传动系统、 控制系统、 底座和其他一些辅助设备等。 其中, 动力设备设在井上, 通过钻杆将动力传递给钻头。 钻进愈深, 所 需钻杆就愈长。 当钻深井时, 需要增大钻井设备的驱动动力, 钻杆所受 的应力增大。 随着钻进的进行, 泥浆、 井壁与钻杆间产生了较大的摩擦, 钻速减慢, 钻杆破损率增高。 The existing drilling equipment for well drilling generally includes: lifting systems, rotary systems, circulation systems, power equipment, transmission systems, control systems, bases and other auxiliary equipment. Among them, the power equipment is set on the well, and the power is transmitted to the drill bit through the drill pipe. The deeper the drill, the longer the drill pipe required. When drilling a deep well, the driving power of the drilling equipment needs to be increased, and the stress on the drill pipe increases. As drilling progresses, greater friction occurs between the mud, the wall of the well, and the drill pipe. The rate of drilling slows down and the rate of drill pipe damage increases.
井眼的垂直度是靠扶正器来保证的。 现有的扶正器设在钻杆上, 并 随钻杵一起转动, 使扶正器与井壁之间存在摩擦, 从而将井眼的孔径扩 大。 而扩大孔径等于削弱了扶正器用来扶正钻头的作用, 使井眼的垂直 度降低。 The verticality of the wellbore is ensured by the centralizer. The existing centralizer is set on the drill pipe and rotates with the drilling pestle, so that there is friction between the centralizer and the wall of the well, thereby expanding the borehole diameter. Enlarging the hole diameter weakens the role of the centralizer to center the drill bit, and reduces the verticality of the wellbore.
发明内容 Summary of the Invention
本发明的目的是, 提供一种钻井效率高、 造价低、 不易损坏、 成井 率高的钻井设备。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drilling equipment with high drilling efficiency, low cost, not easy to damage and high rate of well formation.
为达到上述目的, 本发明提供一种钻井设备, 它包括一个钻头、 一 个向钻头传递扭矩的钻杆、 一个减速机、 一个通过减速机将扭矩传递给 钻杆的电机、 一个高压水泵和扶正装置。 按本发明, 它还具有一个位于 所述钻头之上与所述减速机相连接的开槽传动箱、 两个径向相对地设置 的用于在井壁上开槽的开槽刀具和两个相互平行地设在所述开槽刀具正 上方的阻力臂, 所述电机为一潜水电机, 它的外壳和所述高压水泵的外 壳固定连接, 两者与所述钻头间的距离是一定的, 从而在钻进过程中随 所述钻头一起深入井眼, 所述减速机将动力传入所述幵槽传动箱, 再由 它将运动传递给所述开槽刀具, 所述阻力臂相对所述电机的定子固定设 置。 To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a drilling equipment, which includes a drill bit, a drill rod that transmits torque to the drill bit, a reducer, a motor that transmits torque to the drill rod through the reducer, a high-pressure water pump, and a centering device . According to the present invention, it also has a slotted transmission box connected to the speed reducer above the drill bit, two slotted cutters for grooving on the wall of the well, and two The resistance arms are arranged in parallel with each other directly above the slotting cutter, the motor is a submersible motor, and its casing is fixedly connected to the casing of the high-pressure water pump. The distance between the two and the drill bit is constant. Therefore, during the drilling process, the drill bit is penetrated into the wellbore, the reducer transmits power to the grooving transmission box, and then transmits the motion to the grooving cutter, and the resistance arm is opposite to the The stator of the motor is fixed.
附图概述 Overview of the drawings
通过下面结合附图对优选实施例的描述, 会更好地理解本发明。 附 图中: The invention will be better understood through the following description of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached:
图 1为按本发明的钻井设备的示意图。
本发明的最佳实施方式 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drilling apparatus according to the present invention. Best Mode of the Invention
参见图 1 , 本发明的钻井设备具有一个作为动力装置的潜水电机 12 , 它通过一个减速机 8、 一个钻杆 2将扭矩传递给钻头 1。 减速机 8 的壳体与潜水电机 12的外壳通过连接盘 11实现密封地固定连接。 在潜 水电机 12的上侧, 设有一个制冷设备 14 , 它的外壳通过一连接盘 13 与潜水电机 12的外壳密封固定连接。该制冷设备 14在潜水电机 12内的 水大于等于 75 °C启动, 用来将潜水电机 12内的水冷却, 使电机 12正常 工作。 在减速器 8和制冷设备 14的外壳上, 对称地固定两个阻力臂 9、 10。 这两个阻力臂 9、 10相对电机 12的定子部分不能转动。 Referring to FIG. 1, the drilling equipment of the present invention has a submersible motor 12 as a power unit, which transmits torque to the drill bit 1 through a speed reducer 8 and a drill pipe 2. The housing of the reducer 8 and the housing of the submersible motor 12 are fixedly connected in a sealed manner through a connection plate 11. On the upper side of the submersible motor 12, a refrigeration device 14 is provided, and its shell is connected to the shell of the submersible motor 12 in a sealed and fixed manner through a connection plate 13. The refrigeration equipment 14 starts when the water in the submersible motor 12 is 75 ° C or higher, and is used to cool the water in the submersible motor 12 so that the motor 12 can work normally. On the housings of the reducer 8 and the refrigeration device 14, two resistance arms 9, 10 are fixed symmetrically. The two resistance arms 9, 10 cannot rotate relative to the stator portion of the motor 12.
在减速器 8的下面, 通过一连接盘 7连接有一个开槽传动箱 5。 开 槽传动箱 5的外壳与减速器 8的外壳密封地固定连接。电机 12的动力经 減速器 8传递给开槽传动箱 5的输入轴。 开槽传动箱 5有两个输出轴, 其上分别连接有一个开槽刀具 3、 4。 在钻井过程中, 开槽刀具 3、 4 上下往复运动, 在井壁上切削出两个径向相对的槽。 开槽刀具 3、 4分 别位于两个阻力臂 9、 10的正下方。 在钻井过程中, 两个阻力臂 9、 10分别嵌入由开槽刀具 3、 4所开的两个槽内, 从而使两个阻力臂 9、 10相对井壁只能在槽内滑动, 而不能转动。 A slotted gearbox 5 is connected under the reducer 8 via a connecting disc 7. The housing of the slotted transmission case 5 is fixedly connected to the housing of the reducer 8 in a sealed manner. The power of the motor 12 is transmitted to the input shaft of the slotted transmission case 5 through the reduction gear 8. The slotted transmission box 5 has two output shafts, and a slotted cutter 3, 4 is connected to each of them. During the drilling process, the slotting cutters 3 and 4 reciprocated up and down to cut two radially opposite grooves on the well wall. The grooving tools 3 and 4 are located directly under the two resistance arms 9, 10 respectively. During the drilling process, the two resistance arms 9, 10 are respectively embedded in the two slots opened by the slotting tools 3, 4, so that the two resistance arms 9, 10 can only slide in the slot relative to the well wall, but not Turn.
在制冷设备 14的上方, 利用一连接盘 15连接有一个高压水泵 16。 该高压水泵 16的外壳与制冷设备 14的外壳固定连接。 它把由一水管 18 供入的水加压, 将高压水向下注入到钻头处, 从而将钻头钻下的泥沙帶 走。 高压水泵 16随钻头向下, 有两大好处: 1. 在钻头附近的高压水的 速度大、压力高; 2. 供给水所用的水管, 可以用普通管,从而降低成本。 Above the refrigerating equipment 14, a high-pressure water pump 16 is connected by a connection plate 15. The casing of the high-pressure water pump 16 is fixedly connected to the casing of the refrigeration equipment 14. It pressurizes the water supplied from a water pipe 18 and injects the high-pressure water down to the drill bit, thereby taking away the sediment that was drilled by the drill bit. The high-pressure water pump 16 goes down with the drill bit, which has two major advantages: 1. The high-pressure water near the drill bit has high speed and high pressure; 2. The water pipe used for water supply can use ordinary pipes, thereby reducing costs.
在开槽传动箱 5和高压水泵 16的壳体上,分别固定安装一个扶正圈 6、 17。 两个扶正圈 6、 17相对电机 12的定子是不能转动的, 不会因 转动产生摩擦而使井孔直径扩大。 结果, 由本发明的钻井设备所钻的井 眼垂直度高, 成井率也因此提高。 On the casing of the slotted transmission box 5 and the high-pressure water pump 16, a centering ring 6, 17 is fixedly installed, respectively. The two centering rings 6, 17 cannot rotate relative to the stator of the motor 12, and will not enlarge the borehole diameter due to friction caused by rotation. As a result, the verticality of the wellbore drilled by the drilling equipment of the present invention is high, and the rate of well formation is also improved accordingly.
按本发明的钻井设备, 还包括用于控制潜水电机 12、 制冷设备 14 和高压水泵 16并向它们提供电力的电缆 19 , 以及用于提升钻井设备的 固定在高压水泵 16外壳上的例如为尼龙绳的绳索 20。 The drilling equipment according to the present invention further includes a cable 19 for controlling and supplying electric power to the submersible motor 12, the refrigeration equipment 14, and the high-pressure water pump 16, and a fixed, for example, nylon, fixed to the casing of the high-pressure water pump 16 for lifting the drilling equipment Rope of rope 20.
另外, 按本发明的钻井设备, 所需井架只需两米多高, 从而降低了 井架的造价和安装运输费用。 In addition, according to the drilling equipment of the present invention, the required derrick only needs to be more than two meters high, thereby reducing the construction cost and installation and transportation costs of the derrick.
按本发明的钻井设备, 在钻进过程中, 动力装置随钻头一起深入井 眼, 钻杆的长度可以设计成很短, 例如不到 1米, 钻杆与井壁间不接触, 钻杆与泥浆间的摩擦甚小。 利用按本发明的钻井设备, 不论井眼的深浅, 在同等地层、 地质中钻速一致, 而且避免了现有钻井设备的钻进愈深动
力消耗愈大的问题。. According to the drilling equipment of the present invention, during the drilling process, the power unit goes into the wellbore with the drill bit, and the length of the drill pipe can be designed to be short, for example, less than 1 meter. There is no contact between the drill pipe and the well wall. There is very little friction between the mud. With the drilling equipment according to the present invention, regardless of the depth of the wellbore, the drilling speed is the same in the same stratum and geology, and the deeper movement of the existing drilling equipment is avoided. The problem of greater power consumption. .
按本发明的钻井设备, 整体结构简单, 成本降低。
The drilling equipment according to the present invention has a simple overall structure and reduced cost.