WO2001009576A1 - Mesure de l'etat d'une installation - Google Patents

Mesure de l'etat d'une installation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001009576A1
WO2001009576A1 PCT/GB2000/002885 GB0002885W WO0109576A1 WO 2001009576 A1 WO2001009576 A1 WO 2001009576A1 GB 0002885 W GB0002885 W GB 0002885W WO 0109576 A1 WO0109576 A1 WO 0109576A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
output
machine
time domain
vibration
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2000/002885
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eric Atherton
Original Assignee
Eric Atherton
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eric Atherton filed Critical Eric Atherton
Priority to AU62987/00A priority Critical patent/AU6298700A/en
Publication of WO2001009576A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001009576A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to plant condition measurement. It is particularly, but not exclusively, concerned with an electrical submersible pump ('ESP') which is typically used to raise water or oil from boreholes.
  • 'ESP' electrical submersible pump
  • the ESP is supplied with power from the surface via an electrical cable.
  • no flow of fluid to the surface occurs without some sort of pumping mechanism such as an ESP.
  • the natural flow to surface is very slow, and can be enhanced by an ESP.
  • An ESP can be a very expensive device, and furthermore, the loss of production of an unscheduled failure may also be very costly. For this reason, attempts have been made to monitor the performance and condition of an ESP while in place at the bottom of a borehole. Such monitoring if successful may extend the life of the ESP, or at the very least provide an early warning of failure, so that a scheduled replacement may be undertaken.
  • Monitoring systems for an ESP can currently detect motor temperature, pump inlet and outlet pressures and also a vibration measurement, indicating the average vibration at one point in the ESP.
  • the pressure values provide useful diagnostic information to monitor the efficiency of the pump in situ.
  • the temperature of the motor can provide an early indication of an emerging problem.
  • the averaged, single point, vibration reading however often proves less useful in detecting and diagnosing problems.
  • Condition monitoring of machinery at the surface is well known.
  • an accelerometer is mounted close to each likely area of failure, such as a bearing, so that many points on a machine are monitored.
  • a broad range of frequencies is monitored, typically from a few cycles a second (Hz) up to 10kHz.
  • the information is obtained by rapidly sampling the vibration signal from the accelerometer, and then performing a mathematical manipulation known as a Fast Fourier Transform ('FFT') on this time domain data.
  • the FFT is performed using a computer system, and the result is frequency domain data (the frequency spectrum ). Analysis and trending of the frequency spectrum can often yield diagnostic information on the condition of the machine, and provide early warnings of impending failure.
  • the present invention allows multiple high bandwidth monitoring points on an ESP, using a standard submersible cable to convey the data to surface.
  • a method of monitoring remotely the condition of a machine which in operation generates vibration comprising the steps of: generating by means of an accelerometer located on a selected position on the machinery an output analogue signal representing a detected frequency of vibration as time domain data; converting the analogue signal to a digital signal and providing a sampled output of time domain data; all the aforesaid steps being undertaken by means located on or by way of the machine; and linking at least periodically the sampled output as aforesaid as aforesaid or data based on the sampled output to be transferred by a link to a remote data processing system.
  • the further steps following the converting step of undertaking a transform process such as a fast Fourier transform on the time domain data; and storing the results of the transform process; prior to the linking step.
  • the linking step involves the transmission of data in digital format.
  • the linking step is undertaken by way of a transmission line or a wireless link.
  • apparatus for monitoring remotely the condition of a machine comprising a unit for location on a selected position on the machine including:
  • an accelerometer having an output analogue signal representing a detected frequency of vibration at the location on the machine as time domain data
  • an analogue to digital signal converter adapted to receive the output analogue signal and to provide a digital signal output representing the sampled data
  • a data storage device for the storage of the digital signal output; and a link output whereby, at least periodically, the data storage device or data based thereon can be transferred by way of the link to a remote data processing system.
  • the unit further includes a processor adapted to undertake a transform process such as a fast Fourier transform on digital signal output representing frequency domain data time domain data prior to submission to the link output.
  • a processor adapted to undertake a transform process such as a fast Fourier transform on digital signal output representing frequency domain data time domain data prior to submission to the link output.
  • the processor is programmed to identify key elements or particular results following the transform process such as amplitude and frequency of highest peaks in the transform.
  • the processor is used to establish operating parameters of the machine such as rotational speed by way of fundamental vibration frequency.
  • the unit includes a data logger.
  • the present invention lends itself to a wide range of variants and applications.
  • a signal from the accelerometer is rapidly sampled using an analogue to digital converter ('ADC') in the same package as the accelerometer.
  • the signal is sampled for a relatively short period of time.
  • the sample rate would be of the order of 20,000 times per second, and the sample period would be of the order of a tenth of a second, giving about 2000 samples.
  • the data gathered during this period is stored in a local temporary memory, also in the same physical package.
  • the data is then transmitted to a remote data logging or display instrument.
  • the data is transmitted in digital format, allowing optional error correcting protocols to be used during transmission.
  • the rate of data transmission can be readily tailored to the quality of the transmission medium.
  • a slow radio telemetry link may take many seconds to transmit the data gathered during a small fraction of a second.
  • the remote data logging or display instrument can obtain short bursts of high sample rate vibration data, containing information over a wide frequency range.
  • This enables a 'Fast Fourier Transform ('FFT') to be performed on the data, and standard vibrational analysis methods to be used that require high frequencies to be analyzed, even though the transmission medium between the accelerometer and the remote data logging or display instrument has only a low bandwidth capability.
  • 'FFT' 'Fast Fourier Transform
  • the FFT is performed locally on the data stored in the temporary memory, by a local microprocessor.
  • the total energy in specified frequency bands is then transmitted to the remote data logging or display instrument. This enables trends to be monitored, while only transmitting a fraction of the data contained in the entire set of samples, or full FFT. This takes even lower data transmission bandwidth.
  • the local microprocessor may also be programmed to identify key elements in the FFT, and transmit an appropriate summary of the information. For example, the local microprocessor may identify the highest peaks in the FFT, and transmit their amplitude and frequency. In the case of monitoring rotating machinery, the frequency of the fundamental vibrational frequency can be used to indicate the rotational speed of the machine, which can be a useful diagnostic parameter.
  • a multi-drop transmission medium is used, so that many accelerometers, with their associated rapid sampling ADC and local temporary memory, can all share the same network.
  • a further embodiment of the invention enables the recording of vibrational information down a borehole, when there is no cable connection to the surface.
  • the signal from a battery powered accelerometer is rapidly sampled using an ADC for a relatively short period of time.
  • the data gathered during this period is transferred to a battery powered data logger.
  • a set of samples is only taken at infrequent intervals, so as to conserve the memory in the data logger.
  • the accelerometer and ADC may be powered off between sets of samples, to conserve battery power. It is important to note that each set of samples contains high frequency vibrational information.
  • Data logger memory is held to practical levels by only gathering sets of samples at long time intervals.
  • the battery, accelerometer, memory and ADC are all housed in a waterproof case, suitable for submersion in boreholes.
  • the present invention has many applications other than for use in monitoring the condition of equipment in boreholes. It can usefully be applied to the monitoring of vibration in any location where it is not desirable to locate a computer system, and it is also not desirable to connect a high bandwidth data link to that location.
  • Figure 1 shows diagrammatically a submersible pump located in a borehole
  • Figure 2 shows in more detail a vibration monitoring package for use with the pump of Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 shows a motor 1 connected to submersible pump 2.
  • the submersible pump 2 is located in a borehole 3 and water from the borehole is pumped to surface through tube 5.
  • a power cable to the submersible pump is provided but is not shown.
  • Six vibration monitoring packages 4 are positioned at strategic points on the motor 1 and pump 2 typically at bearing locations.
  • the vibration monitoring packages 4 are connected together and to the surface interface box 7 by cable 6.
  • the surface interface box 7 is connected to an external computer 11.
  • the surface interface box 7 provides power to the vibration monitoring package 4.
  • the surface interface box 7 also interfaces a standard RS232 serial interface in the computer 11 for connection to a multi-drop RS485 interface to the vibration monitoring package 4 in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 2 shows components inside a vibration monitoring package 4.
  • Accelerometer 8 outputs an analogue voltage signal proportional to the acceleration being experienced by the accelerometer 8. This voltage signal is converted into a digital value by means of analogue to digital converter 9.
  • the accelerometer 8 has a frequency response from 10Hz to 10,000Hz.
  • the ADC 9 takes readings at the rate of 20,000 times per second. These readings are stored in microprocessor 10 that also contains memory. 2048 successive readings are taken and stored in microprocessor 10. After a set of 2048 readings have been taken, the microprocessor, 10, performs a FFT on the readings, storing the results in it's memory. The microprocessor 10 then scans the frequency spectrum, picking out the frequency and amplitude of the 10 largest peaks. The amplitude and frequency of these peaks are also stored in the memory.
  • the computer 11 interrogates each vibration monitoring package 4 in turn, and requests the amplitude and frequency data of the 10 largest peaks.
  • the computer 11 then stores these values in a database, and displays trends of these values on the screen.
  • a vibration fault trend is located at one particular vibration monitoring package 4 the operator of the computer 11 can request the full FFT from that location for detailed analysis on the surface.
  • the particular application referred to is monitoring operation of an electrical submersible pump for water or oil in a bore hole.
  • the present invention can be adapted for use in a wide variety of applications. Given the existence of a machine which in operation emits vibration then the present method and apparatus provides for vibrational frequency generated by the machine to be detected remotely and assessed as to whether it represents a value lying within an acceptable tolerance level or a value indicating the onset of a faulty condition in time to enable remedial action to be undertaken.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commande à distance permettant de contrôler l'état d'une machine qui, à l'utilisation, engendre des vibrations. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : fourniture de signal analogique par accéléromètre (8) ayant une position donnée sur la machine (1), ce signal représentant une fréquence de vibration décelée, en guise de données du domaine temporel; conversion du signal analogique en signal numérique et fourniture d'une sortie échantillonnée des données du domaine temporel; ces deux étapes sont conduites via des systèmes implantés sur la machine ou par le biais de la machine; et établissement d'une liaison vers un système (11) distant de traitement des données pour transférer au moins périodiquement la sortie échantillonnée ou les données reposant sur cette sortie vers ledit système.
PCT/GB2000/002885 1999-07-30 2000-07-31 Mesure de l'etat d'une installation WO2001009576A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU62987/00A AU6298700A (en) 1999-07-30 2000-07-31 Plant condition measurement

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9917877.4 1999-07-30
GB9917877A GB2354825A (en) 1999-07-30 1999-07-30 Plant condition monitoring using vibrational measurements

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001009576A1 true WO2001009576A1 (fr) 2001-02-08

Family

ID=10858198

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2000/002885 WO2001009576A1 (fr) 1999-07-30 2000-07-31 Mesure de l'etat d'une installation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6298700A (fr)
GB (1) GB2354825A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001009576A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100380415C (zh) * 2006-05-19 2008-04-09 武汉大学 基于平面电容电子水位标尺的数据传输系统
NO328800B1 (no) * 2007-04-30 2010-05-18 Nat Oilwell Norway As Fremgangsmate for a detektere en fluidlekkasje tilknyttet en stempelmaskin
AU2018253514B1 (en) * 2018-07-11 2019-05-23 Institute Of Geology And Geophysics Chinese Academy Of Sciences Downhole vibration and impact data recording method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070272023A1 (en) * 2006-05-23 2007-11-29 Honeywell International Inc. Electronic vibration sensor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184205A (en) * 1977-11-25 1980-01-15 Ird Mechanalysis, Inc. Data acquisition system
US4885707A (en) * 1987-02-19 1989-12-05 Dli Corporation Vibration data collecting and processing apparatus and method
US4903245A (en) * 1988-03-11 1990-02-20 Exploration Logging, Inc. Downhole vibration monitoring of a drillstring
US5907491A (en) * 1996-08-23 1999-05-25 Csi Technology, Inc. Wireless machine monitoring and communication system

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4109309A (en) * 1977-02-09 1978-08-22 Kearney & Trecker Corporation Method and apparatus for remote display of analog signals occurring in computer controlled machine tools
US4568933A (en) * 1981-09-30 1986-02-04 Otis Engineering Corporation Electronic well tools and multi-channel recorder
US4459760A (en) * 1982-02-24 1984-07-17 Applied Technologies Associates Apparatus and method to communicate information in a borehole
SE8303785L (sv) * 1983-07-01 1985-01-02 Jan Ludwik Liszka System for driftkontroll av en maskin
US4715451A (en) * 1986-09-17 1987-12-29 Atlantic Richfield Company Measuring drillstem loading and behavior
GB9101348D0 (en) * 1991-01-22 1991-03-06 North West Water Group Plc Communication
US5845230A (en) * 1996-01-30 1998-12-01 Skf Condition Monitoring Apparatus and method for the remote monitoring of machine condition

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184205A (en) * 1977-11-25 1980-01-15 Ird Mechanalysis, Inc. Data acquisition system
US4885707A (en) * 1987-02-19 1989-12-05 Dli Corporation Vibration data collecting and processing apparatus and method
US4903245A (en) * 1988-03-11 1990-02-20 Exploration Logging, Inc. Downhole vibration monitoring of a drillstring
US5907491A (en) * 1996-08-23 1999-05-25 Csi Technology, Inc. Wireless machine monitoring and communication system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100380415C (zh) * 2006-05-19 2008-04-09 武汉大学 基于平面电容电子水位标尺的数据传输系统
NO328800B1 (no) * 2007-04-30 2010-05-18 Nat Oilwell Norway As Fremgangsmate for a detektere en fluidlekkasje tilknyttet en stempelmaskin
AU2018253514B1 (en) * 2018-07-11 2019-05-23 Institute Of Geology And Geophysics Chinese Academy Of Sciences Downhole vibration and impact data recording method
US10851647B2 (en) 2018-07-11 2020-12-01 Institute Of Geology And Geophysics Chinese Academy Of Sciences (Iggcas) Downhole vibration and impact data recording method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9917877D0 (en) 1999-09-29
GB2354825A (en) 2001-04-04
AU6298700A (en) 2001-02-19

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