WO2001006848A1 - Ratones transgenicos y modelo de sobreexpresion del gen ntrk3 (trkc) basado en los mismos para el estudio y monitorizacion de tratamientos de la ansiedad, depresion y enfermedades psiquiatricas relacionadas - Google Patents
Ratones transgenicos y modelo de sobreexpresion del gen ntrk3 (trkc) basado en los mismos para el estudio y monitorizacion de tratamientos de la ansiedad, depresion y enfermedades psiquiatricas relacionadas Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001006848A1 WO2001006848A1 PCT/ES2000/000267 ES0000267W WO0106848A1 WO 2001006848 A1 WO2001006848 A1 WO 2001006848A1 ES 0000267 W ES0000267 W ES 0000267W WO 0106848 A1 WO0106848 A1 WO 0106848A1
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the development of murine models that overexpress the NTRK3 gene in its different iso- forms will allow to study the pathophysiology, and develop pharmacological, genetic and behavioral treatments for anxiety, depression and related psychiatric disorders.
- Panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, simple phobia and other anxiety disorders affect 5-10% of the general population.
- the prevalence of major depressive disorder ranges from 12 to 17%, with the most prevalent psychiatric disorder.
- mb megabases
- Duplication 15q24-25 is closely associated with panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, simple phobia and major depression.
- Duplication 15q24-25 is generated multiple times and is found in mosaicism in most patients.
- Anxiety disorders are neurotic disorders that include generalized anxiety, phobic disorders, panic disorders (panic attacks, panic disorders and agoraphobia) and obsessive-compulsive disorders 1,2 .
- panic disorder and agoraphobia have an autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance 11.
- it has been proposed a major gene for panic disorder it has also been postulated a multifactorial / polygenic inheritance 1 .
- the prevalence in life of the major depressive disorder ranges between 12 and 17%, the most prevalent psychiatric disorder being 13.1 .
- the clinical characteristics with which the disorder occurs allow us to differentiate two types of depression: the endogenous (in turn subdivisible in bipolar and unipolar due to its clinical and even genetic and biological differences) and the reactive 15 .
- Panic disorder is a particularly frequent diagnosis in these patients, as well as generalized anxiety or social phobia 16,17 . Studies find that 24% of patients with panic disorder have a depressive disorder, dysthymia being more common than major depression 18 . However, family studies on the association between anxiety and depression have yielded conflicting results. In some cases, panic disorder and major depression are distinct disorders that are transmitted specifically and independently, while the comorbid condition does not represent a single or distinct syndrome 19 . In other cases, there seems to be a higher prevalence of reactive depression in relatives of patients with panic disorder 5 '19 .
- duplication 15q24-25 causes anxiety disorders and other psychiatric disorders, still to be determined, is probably through a gene dose effect, with overexpression of one or more genes from the duplicated region.
- candidate genes of the 10 mb of the duplicated region we must consider those genes with a possible role in the pathophysiology of these disorders.
- For the pathology of psychiatric origin would be the genes that are expressed in structures of the central nervous system (CNS).
- mice with certain anxious behavior have also been obtained, which have been chemically induced by the use of mutagenic agents such as nitrosurea 2 .
- the murine models generated will contribute to the identification of genes involved in anxiety while allowing progress in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of anxiety and its relationship with depression. In addition, they will constitute an invaluable pharmacological tool for the trial of new drugs with a specific activity profile in the treatment of anxiety and depression disorders.
- Duplication 15q24-25 is found in 6-9% of individuals in the general population and is the main genetic susceptibility factor for anxiety and depression, there is also a relationship with disorders comorbid to them, which include disorders food
- TgNTRK3 NTRK3
- TgNTRK3-ki14 The characterization of TgNTRK3-ki14 indicates that the neurochemical response of the serotonergic system in control animals to the administration of a panicogenic agent is significantly different from that obtained in TgNTRK3-kil mice.
- Overexpression of NTRK3 could have a direct trophic effect on the proportion of noradrenergic neurons that interact with the locus coeruleus. This would have a neurochemical impact, increasing the responsiveness of the noradrenergic system to punitive environmental situations or to pharmacological agents.
- the alteration of the functionality of the noradrenergic system could condition the alteration of the neurochemical response of other neuro-transmission systems related to anxiety / depression.
- the mouse TgNT.RK3-.ki14 is a model for the study of pathophysiology, and the development of pharmacological, genetic and behavioral treatments of anxiety, depression and related psychiatric disorders.
- Duplication 15q24-25 is involved in family cases of various anxiety and depression disorders, confirming the genetic and inherited basis of these alterations and defining a common biological basis of susceptibility for these pathologies (panic disorder, agoraphobia, simple phobia , social phobia and depression), also suggesting their participation in related diseases such as eating disorders and drug addictions.
- the penetrance of this genetic alteration is not complete and the mutation is present in 6-9% of individuals in the general population.
- This incomplete penetrance of the 15q24-25 mutation is in line with clinical estimates of the penetrance of a predisposition allele for panic disorder, under an autosomal dominant model.
- the different types of 15q24-25 duplications involve a region of chromosome 15 of about 10 Mb, between markers D15S739 and D15S930, suggesting a common mutational mechanism. This mutation originates and loses by unequal recombination between sister chromatids during the mitosis or, more likely, is due to intrachromosomal rearrangements during mitosis. Gene conversions between different types of duplications and between chromosomes Duplicates and non-duplicates are a common feature of 15q24-25 duplication. NTRK3 and anxiety disorders
- NTRK3 neurotrophin-3 receptor
- TRKC neurotrophin-3 receptor
- NE integrates and coordinates responses to fear stimuli.
- the LC is the main nucleus that contains NE in the
- NTRK3 noradrenergic neurons
- NTRK3 an excellent candidate for anxiety disorders.
- Overexpression of NTRK3 in the LC can induce an excessive trophic and proliferative effect on NE neurons. Because the main source of NE in the brain is LC, the final consequence of NTRK3 overexpression would be hyperactivity and increased efficacy of NE synapses, resulting in a dys- NE response regulation. This greater efficacy of NE synapses would lower the emotional arousal threshold of the individual and alter the fear and alarm regulation system.
- the human cDNA of NTRK3-kil4 and TgNTRK3 were microinjected, both fused to the PDGFB gene promoter, according to the described methodology.
- This promoter was chosen since it has been shown that it is capable of directing the expression of the fused gene specifically to brain 29 .
- Southern blot analysis allowed to identify three independent lines of transgenic mice (57, 76 and 81) containing respectively 3, 2 and 1 copy of the integrated transgene (Fig. 1) for the construction PDGFB- ⁇ globin-NTRK3 -ki.
- a line containing approximately 5 copies of the transgene has been obtained.
- the quantification of the number of neurons in the LC did not show significant differences between groups, although there was a non-significant tendency to present greater cellularity in females compared to males, both in the control group and in the TgNTRK3 -kil4 group ( fig. 3B).
- the quantification of the immunoreactive neuronal population against the antithyrosine hydroxylase antibody, a marker of catecholaminergic neurons showed no significant differences in the absolute number of neurons, although in the group of transgenic animals, both male and female showed a non-significant tendency to present an increase in anti-TH neurons compared to the respective controls (fig. 3C).
- Extracellular serotonin levels were determined by in vivo microdialysis in control and TgNTRK3-kil4 mice. Baseline levels showed no significant differences between the two groups. After collecting baseline samples for 1.5 h, the infusion was carried out through the KCl dialysis cannula (100 mM, 30 min. to 1 ml / min.). Under these stimulation conditions there was a significant increase (300-400%) in the presynaptic release of dopamine that did not differ in both experimental groups (fig. 4). These data indicate that the serotonergic system retains the integrity of its neurotransmitter release mechanisms in transgenic mice, suggesting that the serotonergic system has not been affected by overexpression of TgNTRK3-kil4.
- the invention consists in the generation of a urinary model of overexpression of NTRK3, whose characterization reveals facts that validate it as a possible model of anxiety / depression, and probably of the psychiatric disorders related to these pathologies.
- the results obtained indicate that the neurochemical response of the serotonergic system, a neurotransmission system that has been implicated in anxiety and depression, in control animals in the administration of a panicogenic agent, is significantly different from that obtained in TgNTRK3-kil4 mice. . This effect is not due to the impairment of the functionality of the serotonergic system, but it probably occurs through an indirect route.
- the human cDNA corresponding to the gene isoform with an insertion of 14 amino acids in the extracellular domain of the protein (pNIJ-3) (31) was kindly provided by Dr. Dionisio Mart ⁇ n-Zanca (University of Salamanca) and was subsequently used for the construction design NT.RiC3 -.ki14.
- a primer with a restriction target ⁇ spHI (5 'CTTCGGCATGTCCAGAGATGTCTAC 3') was designed 18 bases before the start of said insertion, a primer in the 3 'region of AD ⁇ c immediately after the stop codon of the gene with the EcoRI target (5' ATACTTAAGTACTGGTGGTCGGTGG3 ') and the corresponding sequence was amplified by PCR using the product of a brain RT as a template.
- Plasmid p ⁇ IJ3 was digested with the restriction enzymes ⁇ spHI and EcoRI and ligated to the new fragment obtained for obtain a new plasmid without insertion and that was used for the design of the NTRK3 construction.
- NTRK3 -kil4 and NTRK3 Two independent constructions were made for the human isoforms NTRK3 -kil4 and NTRK3.
- the promoter-regulatory region of the PDGFB gene was fused to the NTRK3-kil4 cDNA and the NTRK3 cDNA, independently.
- the second intron of the ⁇ -globin gene was introduced in the 5 'zone of the NTRK3-kil4 and NTRK3 cDNA, and the SV40 virus polyadenylation signal in the 3' zone.
- the different cloning stages were carried out in the plasmid PGetn-7. The integrity of the construction was confirmed in its entirety by sequencing, using different primers located in the promoter, intronic and coding region.
- PDGFB -NTRK3 -kil4 and PDGFB-NTRK3 were obtained, the transgene was isolated from the plasmid sequences by digestion with Xbal and Xhol and subsequent electroelution.
- the DNA was prepared at two different concentrations of 2 ng / l and 4 ng / ml and microinjection was carried out.
- Embryo manipulation and microinjection procedure was performed according to standard protocols. For this, embryos were obtained in the unicellular stage of the female oviduct B6SJL Fl. The embryos were microinjected with the chimeric gene, PDGFB -NTRK3 -ki 14 or the chimeric gene PDGFB-NTRK3. The embryos that survived the microinjection were transferred to CD1 receptor females in a state of pseudogestation and at three weeks of age the mice were weaned and the presence or not of the transgene was analyzed. Four . Analysis of the transcranial by southern blot
- BcoRI was digested in parallel with amounts equivalent to 5, 10 and 10 copies of the construction used.
- the doses of the hybridization signals were determined in the autoradiographs by quantification of the intensity of the bands and the heights of the peaks, compared to the control markers by means of a densitometer (Phoretix, International, Newcastle, UK). 2. Analysis of the levels of expression of the trans ⁇ enes by RT-PCR
- NTRK3hum / mou-F 5 '-TGTTTGACGAAGTGAGTCCC-3' and NTRK3hum / mou - R 5'-TCCAGTGACGAGGGCGTG-3 ' were used: 1) the samples were treated with RNAse Free RNAse (Boehringer Manheim), and 2) a gdx fragment was amplified with the gdx-F 5 'primers -GGCAGCTGATCTCCAAAGTCCTGG-3 'and gdx-R 5'AACGTTCGATGTCATCCAGTGTTA-3' gives rise to fragments of different sizes as they are amplified from RNA (125 bp) or DNA (235 bp).
- the immune complexes were collected by centrifugation, and washed and resuspended in loading buffer for SDS-7% polyacrylamide electrophoresis and subsequent electro-magnetic transfer to a HyJond-P membrane (Amersham).
- the primary anti-panTrk antibody (1: 1000) (Promega) and the secondary anti-chicken IgY conjugated to peroxidase (1: 1000) (Promega) were used to perform the Western Jblot. Protein detection was performed according to the ECL System (Amersham) protocol. The quantification of the bands obtained was performed by densitometry (Phoretix).
- mice were perfused with a 4% paraformaldehyde solution, dissected and fixed for 24 h. 50 ⁇ m brain sections were cut, which were washed in PBS buffer to subsequently keep them in glycerol.
- a previous blockade of the endogenous peroxidases was performed with a solution (PBS, 3% hydrogen peroxide and 10% methanol). The nonspecific binding was blocked by a PBS solution, 0.2% TxlOO, 0.2% gelatin, 0.2% acid, 0.2% glycine and 0.2% lysine.
- TrkC TrkC
- TrkC-kil4 TrkC-kil4
- a polyclonal rabbit anti-trkC antibody (1: 100) (Santa Cruz Bio-technology, Inc.) was used. Incubation of the antibody was performed under 10% normal serum. The development was carried out using a PBS solution, 0.05% DAB and 0.1% hydrogen peroxide. Functional studies of transgenic mice
- Stereology allows a quantitative biased study of variables such as number, surface and volume in biological structures.
- the fundamental advantage is its efficiency, so that with a small number of data high precision is achieved in the estimate.
- the brains were reintroduced into 30% sucrose and 50 mm thick serial cuts were made in a cryostat (2800 Frigocut, Reichert-Jung). Tissue cuts were mounted on jelly-like portals and kept in a solution of cresyl violet for 2 h at 40 ° c. After staining was completed, the cuts were dehydrated by successive passes by increasing concentrations of alcohol and mounted with DPX (Fluka). The volume calculation was performed according to the method of Cavalieri 33 , based on the possibility of obtaining an unbiased estimate of the volume of any object by adding the areas of parallel sections of said object separated by a known distance. The condition that the first section is chosen at random must be met.
- the measurement of the area in each section is estimated by using point templates, each of which has a specific area associated. The measurements were made using the CAST-GRID program adapted to an OLYMPUS microscope.
- the optical dissector method was used, which consists in the systematic use of a sampling window, the dissector, of dimensions chosen by the experimenter that runs the deep cut.
- the area of interest is delimited with the smallest objective (2.5x) and within it random subdivisions are made with a size chosen by the experimenter within the XY axes. Within each of these subdivisions the dissector is superimposed, area where the neurons are going to be counted.
- Avertin Tribromoethanol / Tertamylalcohol 1.6 / 1 p / p; 0.1 mL / 10 g administered intraperitoneally.
- the dialysis probe was connected to a continuous infusion pump, through which a Krebs Ringer solution was perfused at a flow rate of 1 ml / min. After a balancing period of one hour dialysate samples were collected every 20 min. The collection of dialysate samples was performed under baseline conditions, after stimulation with 100 mM KCl and after intraperitoneal administration of sodium lactate (0.5-2.5 mEq / kg), a substance validated as a panicogenic agent 30 . The dialysates were analyzed to determine the serotonin content by HPLC with electrochemical detection.
- the detection is carried out by means of a 3 mm electrode, at + 0.85 v.
- the injection volume was 5 ml.
- the data is presented as mean +. ESM The analysis of the statistical significance of the results is performed using ANOVA using Bonferroni's analysis as a posttest.
- Kendell RE The classification of depressions: a review of contemporary confusion. Br. J. Psvchiatrv 129, 15-28 (1976).
- Figure 2. A) Determination of NTRK3-kil4 expression in murine line number 57. Lane 1: RT-PCR with trkC primers hum / mou F / R from total RNA obtained from the brain of a wild mouse (WT) ; lane 2, mouse TgNTRK3 -kil4
- TG RT-PCR with trkC hum / mou F / R primers from total RNA obtained from the brain of a WT mouse and treated with DNAse RNAse free (Boehringer Manheim); lane 4, mouse TG; lanes 5-8, controls of genomic contamination in RT-PCR reactions using gdx murine gene primers to discriminate between amplification from RNA (125 bp) or from DNA (235 bp); rails 5 and 6, of WT and TG mice respectively, without treating with RNAse free RNAse, lanes 7 and 8, of WT and TG mice respectively, with RNAse treatment, free, lanes 9 and 10, controls murine genomic DNA; lanes 11-14, RT-PCR control with specific primers of the murine dscrl gene (672 bp); lane 15, control trkC hum / mou F / R from the construct used; lane 16, control of the trkC hum / mou F / R primers;
- FIG. 4 Response of the serotonergic system against the sodium lactate panicogenic agent in TgNTRK3-kil4 mice and controls.
- K + indicates infusion of KCl.
- the arrow indicates the infusion of sodium lactate.
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EP00949494A EP1197144A1 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2000-07-21 | Transgenic mice and overexpression model of the gene ntrk3 (trkc) based thereon for the study and monitoring of treatments of anxiety, depression and related psychiatric diseases |
AU62827/00A AU6282700A (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2000-07-21 | Transgenic mice and overexpression model of the gene ntrk3 (trkc) based thereon for the study and monitoring of treatments of anxiety, depression and related psychiatric diseases |
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ES9901674A ES2152900B1 (es) | 1999-07-23 | 1999-07-23 | Ratones transgenicos y modelo de sobreexpresion del gen ntrk3 (trkc) basado en los mismos para el estudio y monitorizacion de tratamientos de la ansiedad, depresion y enfermedades psiquiatricas relacionadas. |
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- 2000-07-21 EP EP00949494A patent/EP1197144A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-21 AU AU62827/00A patent/AU6282700A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-21 WO PCT/ES2000/000267 patent/WO2001006848A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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ES2152900B1 (es) | 2001-08-16 |
ES2152900A1 (es) | 2001-02-01 |
EP1197144A1 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
AU6282700A (en) | 2001-02-13 |
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