WO2001005910A1 - Procede et dispositif de production de gaz combustible a partir de dechets carbones - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de production de gaz combustible a partir de dechets carbones Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001005910A1
WO2001005910A1 PCT/IB1999/001292 IB9901292W WO0105910A1 WO 2001005910 A1 WO2001005910 A1 WO 2001005910A1 IB 9901292 W IB9901292 W IB 9901292W WO 0105910 A1 WO0105910 A1 WO 0105910A1
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Prior art keywords
refuse
gasification
steam
water
process according
Prior art date
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PCT/IB1999/001292
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English (en)
Italian (it)
Inventor
Giampiero Morgantini
Roberto Pellegrin
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Nuova Meccanica S.R.L.
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Publication date
Application filed by Nuova Meccanica S.R.L. filed Critical Nuova Meccanica S.R.L.
Priority to PCT/IB1999/001292 priority Critical patent/WO2001005910A1/fr
Priority to AU46406/99A priority patent/AU4640699A/en
Publication of WO2001005910A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001005910A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/523—Ash-removing devices for gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
    • C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
    • C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
    • C10K1/004—Sulfur containing contaminants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/122—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors containing only carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides or oxides of alkali-metals (including Mg)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/12—Electrodes present in the gasifier
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0909—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
    • C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
    • C10J2300/1634—Ash vitrification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1876—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being combustion gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1892—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the gasification of refuse having a carbonaceous matrix for the purpose of obtaining a clean and easily reusable combustible gas, in that it is free from pollutants which are difficult to eliminate such as furans , dioxins or oxides of nitrogen and is usable, after simple cooling and washing treatment, even in internal combustion engines in that it is free from pitch, tars, organic acids and the like.
  • Carbonaceous refuse to which the present invention relates comprise, but without limitation, solid urban refuse and the like (containing paper, cardboard, wood, plastics, kitchen residues, tyres etc) , the residues deriving from sanitary uses (cellulose, cotton, textiles, plastics etc) sludge from paint bays, the discharges deriving from the production of polymers, biomasses, the residues from agricultural and industrial processes, paper mills, rubber works, and the residue of biological purification installations .
  • the said types of refuse contain compounds of polymeric type with carbon and hydrogen (such as cellulose, lignin, polythene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, butadiene-styrene copolymers, polystyrene and others) .
  • the quantity of water necessary for gasification to carbon monoxide and hydrogen depends on the different substances; and thus, on the composition of the refuse which can be extremely varied both in the case of industrial refuse but also as far as urban solid refuse is concerned, which varies in dependence on local uses, the type of urban area and the economic level .
  • An object of the present invention is that of providing a process and apparatus which although intended for the treatment of refuse and therefore of heterogeneous materials of variable composition, makes it possible to effect control of the gasification reaction and its stoichiometry, which aspects are not achievable and which are not encountered in refuse gasification methods known to date.
  • the known methods for gasification of refuse comprise: a) the partial combustion of refuse in the absence of air (or oxygen) with respect to complete combustion, with or without the addition of water; b) thermal carbonisation followed by partial combustion of the above mentioned type; c) exposure to an electric arc with partial combustion due to the presence of air and possible uncontrolled introduction of steam or water.
  • the calorific value of the gas thus obtained is low due to the presence of a high carbon dioxide content and can be used directly only with difficulty so that to overcome the disadvantage of such methods it is often necessary to raise the calorific value of the gas by having recourse to a subsequent passage over a bed of carbon coke maintained red hot with the introduction of energy from the outside for the purpose of reacting the carbon with carbon dioxide thus forming carbon monoxide according to the reaction:
  • the first is that of having a low yield of carbon monoxide and hydrogen due to formation at pyrolytic temperatures between 180 and 400° C of large quantities of carbon dioxide.
  • the second lies in the formation, at the same pyrolytic temperatures, of organic acids and other substances of pyrolysis which distil with the gases (tars, pitches, phenols, cresols, creosote, acetic acid, pyroligneous acid etc, ) which it is necessary to eliminate before being able to use the gas, especially in internal combustion engines .
  • Dioxins belong to a family of 75 similar compounds consisting of 2 benzene rings joined by means of 2 oxygen atoms and having from 1 to 8 chlorine atoms bound to the benzene rings. These compounds are very stable, hardly biodegradable, resistant to even very high temperatures and are therefore the cause of environmental pollution. Although the mechanism of formation is complex it can be summarised by saying that the dioxins form in the presence of oxygen and chlorate or chlorinated compounds in reactions conducted at modest temperatures .
  • Nitrogen in the air normally present in the above-mentioned gasification systems, also involves problems due to the formation of nitrogen oxides .
  • another objective of the present invention is that of providing a process and apparatus which makes it possible to obtain a gasification product comprising a combustible gas free from unwanted polluting compounds and substances.
  • a further objective of the invention is therefore that of providing a process and apparatus which makes it possible to achieve an improved gasification yield.
  • the process and the apparatus which form the subject of the present invention makes it possible conveniently to gasify refuse having a carbonaceous matrix by obtaining: a) optimum gasification in the substantial or complete absence of air, b) limited formation of carbon dioxide, c) no formation of dioxins, furans and nitrogen oxides due to the substantial absence of oxygen and nitrogen and to the very high temperature at which the plasma produced by the electric arc is maintained (higher than 4500°C) , d) destruction of dioxins and other organochlorine compounds which are difficult to eliminate (for example polychlorobiphenyls) possibly present in the refuse, thanks to the very high gasification temperature, e) optimum, constant ratio between the reagents, that is to say between the carbonaceous products and the water, f) gasification at the effective temperature of the electric arc (greater than 4500°C) in that the necessary water is already in the vaporised state at the moment of reaction and therefore no thermal energy has to be removed from
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the gasification plant and process
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a detail of the plant .
  • the refuse is broken up in a grinder 1 to dimensions of about 50mm and then supplied to a rotary classifier 2 for separation of heavy components (glass, metals, glazed material, rubble, etc) which are passed along a conveyer belt 3 and caused to pass under a magnetic separator belt 4 where separation of ferrous materials takes place which are then forwarded on for recovery, whilst the heavy fraction is discharged.
  • heavy components glass, metals, glazed material, rubble, etc
  • the main flow of refuse is supplied to a high speed mill 5 where the material is broken down to a fine size (preferably to average dimensions of about 5mm) and simultaneously is heated to a temperature of about 50°C. Then, via a conveyor system 6, the material is transferred to an empty silo of a group of three silos 7 , 8 and 9 , in which three alternative phases take place, namely filling, preparation of the charge and discharge.
  • the material from the mill 5 is then delivered to the silo 7; when the silo becomes full the flow of material is diverted to the silo 8 and the silo 7 enters the charge preparation phase.
  • the charge preparation phase starts with homogenisation of the material by blowing air from below for about one hour. After homogenisation a sample is drawn off and its moisture content is determined and elementary analysis performed (carbon, oxygen and hydrogen) . By means of the analytical results the quantity of water necessary to obtain the best gasification yield of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is determined.
  • the calculated quantity of water is introduced in the form of steam, which remains in the material in the form of condensate, whilst the temperature rises to about 90-95°C.
  • the silo 9 becomes empty the silo 7 will enter the discharge phase.
  • the silo 8 will have finished the filling phase and will enter the charge preparation phase and so on alternately.
  • the gasification apparatus comprises a hopper 20 provided in its lower part with an extraction device 21 combined with a compression device 22, both operated by a drive unit 23.
  • the extraction device 21 is typically a helical screw auger; the compression device 22 comprises a cylindrical casing 22a heated externally by means of a steam jacket 24, provided with a port 25 for the introduction of steam; the cylindrical casing 22a is further provided with a nozzle 26 for the direct injection of steam into the interior of the compression device 22.
  • variable-section shaft with the frusto-conical head 28 constitutes an extension of the helical screw auger 21.
  • the extraction device 21 of the hopper 20 and the compression device 22 can be constituted by separate and different units. It is likewise understood that the compression can be achieved in any other convenient manner to achieve de-aeration of the refuse and heating thereof under pressure whereby to bring the water contained in it to a superheated state .
  • the constriction in the terminal part of the device subjects the refuse to extrusion, at a high pressure which brings the temperature beyond that of the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure (that is to say above 100°C) so that the water in the refuse becomes superheated.
  • the thus-compressed refuse is extruded and passes into a decompression and conveyor device 29 which comprises a vertical duct 30 which opens into the gasification chamber 33 of the gasifier 11 and within the interior of which turns a shaft 31 having blades and driven by a drive unit 32.
  • a decompression and conveyor device 29 which comprises a vertical duct 30 which opens into the gasification chamber 33 of the gasifier 11 and within the interior of which turns a shaft 31 having blades and driven by a drive unit 32.
  • a lower pressure typically the pressure is maintained at a level slightly above atmosphere
  • the superheated water evaporates and the refuse expands forming small pieces which fall into the gasification chamber 33 directly into a zone 34 across which an electric arc is struck with the formation of plasma at a temperature higher than 4500°C.
  • the decompression device 29 is provided with a jacket 35 in which circulates the steam introduced via the port 25, which is then discharged to the outside via an outlet 36.
  • the steam in the jacket 35 serves to protect the refuse supply duct from overheating by radiation and at the same time avoids cooling of the refuse in the expansion phase .
  • the gasification chamber 33 is maintained at a pressure slightly greater than atmospheric pressure by adjustment of the counter pressure in a recovery device 12 ( Figure 1) . This is made in several parts with steel sheets clad internally with crushed refractory materials having a high softening index (greater than 2500°C) .
  • the gasification chamber 33 is preferably an hourglass shape with a constriction in the central part in which the electrodes 37 are housed.
  • the electrodes 37 of which there are at least two, but typically three, are positioned angularly separated by 120° and connected to the three phases of a three-phase alternating current supply at about 400 volts, 50-60H2, adopted in this case as functional, but this is not limiting.
  • the power required by the electrodes depends on the dimensions and capacity of the installation. For a capacity of lOOOkg/h of supplied refuse, the necessary electrical power corresponds by way of example to about lOOOKw.
  • the gasification chamber 33 for such capacity, has by way of non-limitative example the following dimensions: height 3 meters, maximum internal diameter 1.5 meter, internal diameter at the point of maximum constriction 0.5 meters.
  • the electrodes Upon starting up the gasification process the electrodes are brought together until they touch and then automatically separated as soon as the arc is struck and the discharge current is stable.
  • an adjustment device which acts on the electrode movement mechanisms the separation between them is continuously controlled in such a way as to maintain the arc constant and avoid reduction in power or extinction of the arc .
  • the refuse does not remain in the gasification chamber 33 but is immediately transformed as soon as it comes into contact with the electrical discharge . In this way the pyrolytic phenomena which lead to the reduction of the yield and formation of unwanted substances are avoided.
  • the gases are then fed through a washing column 13 in which flows water with added caustic soda, where the gases cool to about 20°C and are purified of water and mineral acids constituted principally by HC1 and IL ⁇ S .
  • the gases are then supplied to a gasometer 14 and then pass through a system of gravel filters 15 which serve as security against flame flash back and where residual moisture is eliminated; then they are supplied to engines 16 coupled to alternators 17 to produce all the electrical energy necessary for the requirements of the installation, as well as an excess which depends on the composition of the refuse to be gasified.
  • the excess energy is about 0.7kWh per kg of treated refuse.
  • the heat of the exhaust gases from the engines is recovered by directing the gases through the steam generator 18 before being released to atmosphere.
  • a torch 19 automatically acts to burn the gases .

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif servant à traiter des déchets contenant principalement une matrice carbonée. Dans le procédé, les déchets sont gazéifiés en gaz combustible par réaction avec de la vapeur dans une décharge électrique en arc, sensiblement sans oxygène et/ou sans azote ; on ajoute une quantité mesurée d'eau aux déchets destinés à être gazéifiés, et, avant d'être amenés vers l'étape de gazéification, ces déchets sont soumis à une compression pour éliminer sensiblement l'air et amener l'eau qu'ils contiennent à un état surchauffé, puis à une décompression pour transformer cette eau surchauffée en vapeur.
PCT/IB1999/001292 1999-07-19 1999-07-19 Procede et dispositif de production de gaz combustible a partir de dechets carbones WO2001005910A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

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PCT/IB1999/001292 WO2001005910A1 (fr) 1999-07-19 1999-07-19 Procede et dispositif de production de gaz combustible a partir de dechets carbones
AU46406/99A AU4640699A (en) 1999-07-19 1999-07-19 Process and apparatus for producing combustible gas from carbonaceous waste

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/IB1999/001292 WO2001005910A1 (fr) 1999-07-19 1999-07-19 Procede et dispositif de production de gaz combustible a partir de dechets carbones

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WO2002097015A2 (fr) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-05 Bernd Joos Dispositif de production d'un melange gazeux combustible
WO2003066779A1 (fr) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-14 Absil Felicien Gazeification de dechets par plasma
FR2844804A1 (fr) * 2002-09-25 2004-03-26 Litelis Procede et installation de valorisation de sous-produits a base de matieres organiques
WO2004041974A1 (fr) * 2002-11-04 2004-05-21 New Plasma Gmbh Procede pour gazeifier au moyen d'un plasma des substances contenant de l'hydrocarbure
WO2004072210A1 (fr) * 2003-02-13 2004-08-26 Xarox Group Limited Installations pour la transformation de dechets solides, urbains et industriels, en hydrogene et procede pour ce faire
WO2007017155A2 (fr) * 2005-08-05 2007-02-15 Eastern Technologies-E.B.C.Bvba Pyrolyse a plasma liquide ou liquide/gazeux stabilise, gazeification et vitrification de materiaux usages
CZ298249B6 (cs) * 2006-02-20 2007-08-01 Ecosource S. R. O. Zpusob zplynování biochemických a chemických látek s vyuzitím elektrického oblouku a zarízení k provádení tohoto zpusobu
WO2007103771A2 (fr) * 2006-03-06 2007-09-13 Klepper Robert E Procédé et dispositif servant à produire du gaz de synthèse à partir de déchets
EP2025073A2 (fr) * 2006-05-12 2009-02-18 InEnTec LLC Système combiné de gazéification et de vitrification
WO2012009783A1 (fr) * 2010-07-21 2012-01-26 Responsible Energy Inc. Système et procédé de traitement d'un matériau en vue de la production de gaz de synthèse
GB2490175A (en) * 2011-04-21 2012-10-24 Tetronics Ltd Treatment of waste
EP2537911A1 (fr) * 2011-06-21 2012-12-26 Stirling.DK ApS Gazogène vertical doté de moyens d'humidification
CN103878165A (zh) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-25 气体产品与化学公司 用于将城市固体废物进料到等离子体气化反应器的方法和设备
CN104862013A (zh) * 2015-05-25 2015-08-26 山东百川同创能源有限公司 一种生物质类固废及危废上料系统
US9206364B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2015-12-08 Inentec Inc. Gasification system
US9222039B2 (en) 2008-01-14 2015-12-29 Inentec Inc. Grate for high temperature gasification systems
WO2016040969A1 (fr) * 2014-09-16 2016-03-24 Ame Handelsgesellschaft M.B.H. Procédé et dispositif de production d'un gaz de synthèse à partir de déchets carbonés
US20170145314A1 (en) * 2014-07-03 2017-05-25 Dps Bristol (Holdings) Limited Waste processing apparatus and method of feeding waste
US9803150B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2017-10-31 Responsible Energy Inc. System and apparatus for processing material to generate syngas in a modular architecture
US10233393B2 (en) * 2016-07-08 2019-03-19 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Heated airlock feeder unit
US10345048B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2019-07-09 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Cyclonic condensing and cooling system
US10421919B2 (en) 2014-07-03 2019-09-24 Pyrocore S.A. Gasifier
US10436525B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2019-10-08 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Cyclonic cooling system
US10544367B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2020-01-28 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Char separator and method
CN110902220A (zh) * 2019-11-14 2020-03-24 利辛县雨若信息科技有限公司 一种垃圾回收中转装置
US10633595B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2020-04-28 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Char separator
US10731082B2 (en) 2016-07-05 2020-08-04 Braven Environmental, Llc System and process for converting waste plastic into fuel
US10961062B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2021-03-30 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Bag press feeder assembly
CN112946195A (zh) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-11 中油锐思技术开发有限责任公司 多元热流体余氧检测装置
IT202100004523A1 (it) * 2021-02-26 2022-08-26 Reset S R L Sistema per il recupero della biomassa esausta in impianti di gassificazione

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Cited By (52)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002097015A3 (fr) * 2001-05-31 2004-05-06 Bernd Joos Dispositif de production d'un melange gazeux combustible
WO2002097015A2 (fr) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-05 Bernd Joos Dispositif de production d'un melange gazeux combustible
WO2003066779A1 (fr) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-14 Absil Felicien Gazeification de dechets par plasma
FR2844804A1 (fr) * 2002-09-25 2004-03-26 Litelis Procede et installation de valorisation de sous-produits a base de matieres organiques
EA009601B1 (ru) * 2002-11-04 2008-02-28 Нью Плазма Гмбх Унд Ко Кег Способ газификации углеродсодержащих веществ плазмой
WO2004041974A1 (fr) * 2002-11-04 2004-05-21 New Plasma Gmbh Procede pour gazeifier au moyen d'un plasma des substances contenant de l'hydrocarbure
WO2004072210A1 (fr) * 2003-02-13 2004-08-26 Xarox Group Limited Installations pour la transformation de dechets solides, urbains et industriels, en hydrogene et procede pour ce faire
WO2007017155A2 (fr) * 2005-08-05 2007-02-15 Eastern Technologies-E.B.C.Bvba Pyrolyse a plasma liquide ou liquide/gazeux stabilise, gazeification et vitrification de materiaux usages
WO2007017155A3 (fr) * 2005-08-05 2007-04-19 Eastern Technologies E B C Bvb Pyrolyse a plasma liquide ou liquide/gazeux stabilise, gazeification et vitrification de materiaux usages
CZ298249B6 (cs) * 2006-02-20 2007-08-01 Ecosource S. R. O. Zpusob zplynování biochemických a chemických látek s vyuzitím elektrického oblouku a zarízení k provádení tohoto zpusobu
WO2007103771A3 (fr) * 2006-03-06 2008-01-31 Robert E Klepper Procédé et dispositif servant à produire du gaz de synthèse à partir de déchets
US7655215B2 (en) 2006-03-06 2010-02-02 Bioconversion Technology Llc Method and apparatus for producing synthesis gas from waste materials
AU2007223367B2 (en) * 2006-03-06 2011-04-14 Robert E. Klepper Method and apparatus for producing synthesis gas from waste materials
WO2007103771A2 (fr) * 2006-03-06 2007-09-13 Klepper Robert E Procédé et dispositif servant à produire du gaz de synthèse à partir de déchets
US9206364B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2015-12-08 Inentec Inc. Gasification system
EP2025073A2 (fr) * 2006-05-12 2009-02-18 InEnTec LLC Système combiné de gazéification et de vitrification
JP2009536979A (ja) * 2006-05-12 2009-10-22 インエンテック エルエルシー 複合されたガス化およびガラス化システム
US10927028B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2021-02-23 InEnTec, Inc. Combined gasification and vitrification system
US9994474B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2018-06-12 InEnTec, Inc. Combined gasification and vitrification system
US9914890B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2018-03-13 InEnTec, Inc. Gasification system
US9222041B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2015-12-29 Inentec Inc. Combined gasification and vitrification system
EP2025073B1 (fr) * 2006-05-12 2013-12-04 InEnTec LLC Système combiné de gazéification et de vitrification
US8685121B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2014-04-01 Inentec Inc. Combined gasification and vitrification system
US9222039B2 (en) 2008-01-14 2015-12-29 Inentec Inc. Grate for high temperature gasification systems
US9080116B2 (en) 2010-07-21 2015-07-14 Responsible Energy Inc. System and method for processing material to generate syngas using water injection
WO2012009783A1 (fr) * 2010-07-21 2012-01-26 Responsible Energy Inc. Système et procédé de traitement d'un matériau en vue de la production de gaz de synthèse
US8574325B2 (en) 2010-07-21 2013-11-05 Responsible Energy Inc. System and method for processing material to generate syngas
US9505996B2 (en) 2010-07-21 2016-11-29 Responsible Energy Inc. System and method for processing material to generate syngas using plurality of gas removal locations
GB2490175A (en) * 2011-04-21 2012-10-24 Tetronics Ltd Treatment of waste
US9744575B2 (en) 2011-04-21 2017-08-29 Tectronics (International) Limited Treatment of waste
EP2537911A1 (fr) * 2011-06-21 2012-12-26 Stirling.DK ApS Gazogène vertical doté de moyens d'humidification
US9656863B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2017-05-23 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and apparatus for feeding municipal solid waste to a plasma gasifier reactor
CN103878165A (zh) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-25 气体产品与化学公司 用于将城市固体废物进料到等离子体气化反应器的方法和设备
EP2746368A1 (fr) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-25 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Méthode et appareil pour alimenter un réacteur de gazéfication plasma en déchets solides municipaux
US10421919B2 (en) 2014-07-03 2019-09-24 Pyrocore S.A. Gasifier
US20170145314A1 (en) * 2014-07-03 2017-05-25 Dps Bristol (Holdings) Limited Waste processing apparatus and method of feeding waste
WO2016040969A1 (fr) * 2014-09-16 2016-03-24 Ame Handelsgesellschaft M.B.H. Procédé et dispositif de production d'un gaz de synthèse à partir de déchets carbonés
CN104862013A (zh) * 2015-05-25 2015-08-26 山东百川同创能源有限公司 一种生物质类固废及危废上料系统
US9803150B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2017-10-31 Responsible Energy Inc. System and apparatus for processing material to generate syngas in a modular architecture
US10436525B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2019-10-08 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Cyclonic cooling system
US10345048B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2019-07-09 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Cyclonic condensing and cooling system
US11542434B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2023-01-03 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Char separator and method
US10544367B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2020-01-28 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Char separator and method
US10633595B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2020-04-28 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Char separator
US10961062B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2021-03-30 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Bag press feeder assembly
US10731082B2 (en) 2016-07-05 2020-08-04 Braven Environmental, Llc System and process for converting waste plastic into fuel
US11773330B2 (en) 2016-07-05 2023-10-03 Braven Environmental, Llc System and process for converting waste plastic into fuel
US10233393B2 (en) * 2016-07-08 2019-03-19 Golden Renewable Energy, LLC Heated airlock feeder unit
CN110902220A (zh) * 2019-11-14 2020-03-24 利辛县雨若信息科技有限公司 一种垃圾回收中转装置
CN112946195A (zh) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-11 中油锐思技术开发有限责任公司 多元热流体余氧检测装置
CN112946195B (zh) * 2021-02-03 2023-10-03 中油锐思技术开发有限责任公司 多元热流体余氧检测装置
IT202100004523A1 (it) * 2021-02-26 2022-08-26 Reset S R L Sistema per il recupero della biomassa esausta in impianti di gassificazione

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