WO2001001206A2 - Generateur de modeles du comportement dynamique de systemes et simulateur associe - Google Patents

Generateur de modeles du comportement dynamique de systemes et simulateur associe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001001206A2
WO2001001206A2 PCT/US2000/017793 US0017793W WO0101206A2 WO 2001001206 A2 WO2001001206 A2 WO 2001001206A2 US 0017793 W US0017793 W US 0017793W WO 0101206 A2 WO0101206 A2 WO 0101206A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
model
group
definition
variables
variable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/017793
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2001001206A9 (fr
WO2001001206A3 (fr
Inventor
C. Keith Eubanks
Alan K. Graham
Larry Yeager
Andy Evans
Gregg Dieguez
John S. Fine
Adolfo Canovi
Chris Heye
Peter Maximov
Harry Chan
Karl Von Lauderman
Original Assignee
Strategic Simulation Systems, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Strategic Simulation Systems, Inc. filed Critical Strategic Simulation Systems, Inc.
Publication of WO2001001206A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001001206A2/fr
Publication of WO2001001206A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001001206A3/fr
Publication of WO2001001206A9 publication Critical patent/WO2001001206A9/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B17/00—Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems
    • G05B17/02—Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems electric
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/12—Symbolic schematics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems, methods and products for developing
  • control mechanisms such as rules or policies
  • model developer attempts to define a model in terms of fundamental constituent elements so that the model is as simple as
  • Simulating a system dynamics model causes the model to advance through a
  • part of the system can be observed to determine their effect on the system as a whole.
  • the predetermined goal is deemed to be the "optimal solution.”
  • a system dynamics model typically represents a set of linear and non-linear
  • Construction and simulation of system dynamics models involves: (i) developing
  • Tests of the model determine its validity or relevance
  • Tests might include model causal tests and model behavior
  • model definition produces a flow diagram, translating the model into a computer
  • executable model is most easily accomplished through a graphical user interface.
  • STELLA and to a lesser extent, Powersim Constructor, are designed primarily to support the construction and simulation of relatively small system dynamics
  • Such tools should require little or no programming knowledge of the user, have a user-
  • the environment may include means responsive to user selection of a plurality
  • model definition elements for the group means responsive to user selection for defining
  • Another aspect of the invention may provide a computer program in a computer-
  • Each group provides a set of
  • computer program may provide means responsive to user selection of a plurality of
  • Means are provided for hierarchically arranging the groups in a system dynamics model structure and means are provided for copying a variable and its
  • the computer program also provides
  • Still another aspect of the model provides a method of building a complex system
  • each group having a set of dynamically interactive model definition elements.
  • the method preferably includes steps such as configuring a system dynamic
  • the method allows the copying of a variable from a
  • the tool includes a definition facility, linked to
  • the graphical interface is adapted to
  • the graphical interface is further
  • the input is represented in the flow diagram in a manner visibly
  • a compiler for the tool receives as input the variables and equations within the
  • a compiler receives as input a plurality of
  • the tool further includes a
  • the simulator calculating a second subset of equations at each of the
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a flow diagram view in accordance with an embodiment of the
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a variable properties box in accordance with a preferred
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a chart generated in accordance with a preferred embodiment of
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a view of the navigator screen in accordance with an
  • FIG. 5 provides a view of a dashboard screen in accordance with a preferred
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary table of the icons within the application toolbar of an
  • FIG. 7 shows a table of icons for a control toolbar in accordance with an
  • FIG. 8 shows an implementation of aspects of the present invention within a
  • modeling environment with a graphical user interface that allows a model developer to
  • Variables within a group may be defined solely within
  • the compiler recognizes the presence of a shared variable
  • variables on a layer may contain within them one or more layers of sub-functions or
  • present invention is in addition to such a multilayered structure.
  • the present invention may be embodied as a computer program product including
  • a fast, efficient simulation engine enables certain particularly preferred
  • Preferred implementations of the present invention provide a graphical editor to
  • a computer display may show a
  • interconnections can be easily defined using familiar graphical editing techniques and a
  • variable definitions can be directly entered from variable definition dialog boxes
  • a first and a second level are accessible from the graphical user interface. For example, a first and a second level
  • Rate variables might be placed on a flow diagram using the graphical editor.
  • the graphical user interface can be used to define the model in ways best suited to graphical manipulation, such as overall structural layout, and the text-based
  • variable definition editor can be used to define aspects of the model most appropriate to a
  • a user in the modeling environment preferably
  • model elements in a hierarchical, tabular or chart-like display so that the developer can
  • the navigator feature allows a developer the ability to view
  • system dynamics modeling environment provides a navigator interface
  • Advanced charting features enable users to create a wide range of two-dimensional and
  • one embodiment of the modeling environment directed to this objective provides a complete implementation of some or all of the aspects of the present invention
  • modeling environment to be modular so that the environment supports component-based
  • model refers to several related aspects, including the
  • Model The entire set of information that is used in a modeling project
  • SDMDB A System Dynamics Model Database contains some or all of the
  • information for a modeling project may also contain all or parts of multiple models, model versions, and model variants.
  • SDMDB may be distributed as a single entity.
  • Model Structure The equations and associated flow diagrams that define a model.
  • Model Version A specific set of model structure equations that is different from
  • Scenario A scenario is a specific model simulation that is based on a
  • Parameter Set A collection of parameters that can be invoked or referenced by
  • Model Data Static information typically actual system behavior, about
  • a model is built by defining individual model elements such as variables and the
  • Simulation of the model proceeds by defining initial variable states and the length of the
  • the simulation function preferably includes a compilation
  • simulation results be compared to model data to evaluate
  • the user can then re-specify model variables to modify the results.
  • the scenario or model is preferably combined
  • scenario or model is preferably
  • data and other information related to a model are stored within
  • SDMDB system dynamics model databases
  • database structure is a fundamental characteristic of the modeling environment and provides a structure for the data both during data editing and during compilation and
  • the database structure also simplifies the tracking of various pieces of work
  • An SDMDB contains some or all of the system
  • An SDMDB may also be associated with an SDMDB.
  • SDMDB may contain a portion of a separately
  • SDMDB 's are stored as physical files that may
  • system dynamics model definition facilities such as the navigator interface.
  • Some SDMDB embodiments may contain entire models or sectors of models. Other
  • embodiments may simply contain macros or tables, as described more fully below.
  • Model definition and model analysis is performed in the context of an active
  • developer preferably has access to at least one SDMDB and defines the model within that
  • the developer may select a current model or create a new model, which in turn preferably selects the associated SDMDB or
  • the modeling environment prompts the
  • the developer may open two or
  • Scenarios, groups, or elements may be copied or moved
  • SDMDB's Some embodiments of standard SDMDB's are write protected and
  • SDMDB may be a library of reusable and independently testable model elements.
  • such a database is read-only to the typical user or to users defined below a
  • a modeling environment may include or have
  • facilities are provided within the modeling environment so that an
  • SDMDB can be generated and made read-only (“locked”) to future users or to users that
  • model groups and other model elements inside model groups.
  • the concept of the group is a particularly
  • a model may contain a financial sector, manufacturing sector, purchasing sector,
  • model groups are a collection of individual but tightly interrelated groups
  • each group preferably has defined within it an interface to one or
  • FIG. 1 might define a single immune system group within
  • each group within the model would have a
  • Each of the groups with their associated screens has a
  • the group can be accessed, for editing or otherwise,
  • the group definition screen of FIG. 1 shows
  • FIG. 1 The complexity of the immune system group shown in FIG. 1 illustrates
  • model definition elements of all groups in the system model defines the structural
  • system dynamics groups a means for hierarchically arranging the groups in a system
  • implementation preferably includes a means for enabling the groups to dynamically
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a computer program product in a
  • model definition elements includes model definition elements and may have both equation and graphical
  • model includes multiple groups, it is preferred that each group
  • a first group might include model
  • defimtion elements that are selected from the following:
  • the group can also include a list of SDMDB's and models to search for additional groups
  • variable types that might be defined include:
  • Bezier curves are supported for information links and general sketching. These information links and flow links move intelligently when objects are moved. The user
  • properties include shape, color, style, size, font, and
  • the user may change the default characteristics for new objects, by object
  • the user may also change characteristics for any individual element or selected set
  • the user may customize the view by including or excluding ghosts,
  • Free- form flow diagrams contain any combination of variables, parameters, or
  • inventions may continue after initial database selection by utilizing means responsive to
  • a developer builds a model using the graphics editor 1 by selecting a
  • variable type level, rate, auxiliary, or constant
  • a preferred embodiment further includes a means responsive to user selection for
  • defimtion element in the group This might be accomplished in an editing environment
  • the properties box might have an appearance and functionality like that shown in FIG. 2
  • variable type has a slightly different properties box as appropriate to how the variable
  • definition element from a first group to a second group. This might be accomplished
  • This preferred aspect of the present invention allows models to be constructed
  • the computer program product can simulate the performance of the model consisting of at least one
  • the simulator solves the equations for each time period until the simulator
  • length of the simulation are set by the user. For example, a user may specify a simulation
  • Simulation output can be viewed in either graphical or tabular form.
  • the computer product of the present invention preferably possesses advanced charting
  • FIG. 3 An example of one form of graphical output is shown in FIG. 3.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • graphical editing tool such as a mouse or other implement that interacts with the
  • This GUI can include a means of navigating
  • the GUI includes a screen displaying the hierarchical structure of the model, a means for selecting a group from the
  • the program preferably
  • Inputs from other groups may be optionally displayed as ghosts.
  • Output to other groups may also be optionally displayed.
  • the user may add or delete
  • equation may be modified in the text editor or in the variable dialog box that can be
  • Groups may also be used as macros or as molecules, which are groups specifically
  • equation structures that can be used (i) by more than one model, (ii) more than
  • the group definition screen lists the calling arguments for the macro in
  • a macro may contain
  • a group is suitable for reuse as a molecule. If a group is used as a molecule, it is refe ⁇ ed to
  • molecule function provide help information that assists the user in using the molecule
  • Molecules connect to the rest of a model by connecting variable names defined
  • a molecule may be used many times within a model. To function, however, the
  • VARNAME[ RANGE1, RANGE2,...] MOLECULE.
  • the reference statement may then be:
  • each array is preferably assigned one or more additional dimensions:
  • Molecule arrays may be used to construct models with predefined model subsets having
  • input array is preferably used for each affected molecule calculation.
  • modeling environment most preferably also allows a user to define an explicit source for
  • Open flow diagram Opens the primary flow diagram window for the selected
  • Open text editor which opens the text editor view for the group.
  • Properties Window describes group properties and other comments.
  • the user is able to create a new group within the model definition of the SDMDB by
  • the user may also select a group from the current model
  • Old versions of groups may be included in the current version.
  • the modeling environment provides the ability to build and
  • the simulator is an integral part of
  • modeling environment preferably recodes the model equations into tables and structures
  • the core of the simulation engine most preferably is
  • variable references will exist within the model (actually, within one or more SDMDB's)
  • the simulator To generate a simulation, the simulator generally determines a correct
  • the simulator preferably also produces sequenced lists of variables that are to be
  • a system dynamics model typically requires the
  • model might include major segments of equations, or groups, that are not executed during
  • DYNAMO as an example of a system
  • the compiler of the present invention is designed to reduce simulation times.
  • the simulator keeps
  • the modeling environment preferably maintains a list of variables that are known
  • product preferably also utilize a variety of code optimization techniques such as branch
  • Table functions might, for example, be
  • Simulation specification group This is a special group that contains the
  • arrays Support is provided for arrays, which are matrices of elements of the same
  • variable dialog box may be declared an a ⁇ ay by designating dimensions in the variable dialog box.
  • the definition of a model includes the structural and quantitative relationships
  • variable dialog box accessed through the navigator functionality.
  • the navigator functionality is represented as a tabbed display chart. This
  • prefe ⁇ ed aspect of the present invention is referenced here as a navigator because it
  • the navigator functionality is in addition to the
  • prefe ⁇ ed variable definition dialog boxes preferably integrated with the graphical user interface
  • the navigator functionality is well suited to the definition of groups and for
  • FIG. 4 shows a particularly prefe ⁇ ed implementation of a navigator window.
  • navigator allows users to easily store and display major elements of a model.
  • the navigator shows the model structure as an arrangement of model groups. Tabs can be selected by the user to show various attributes of the group, for example
  • pane has tabs to show different information about the contents of the specific model that
  • FIG. 4 shows the "variables" tab selected for a
  • variable Within the "variables" view are the name of the variables, the variable
  • the navigator tree provides a rapid way for the user to review model structure
  • the primary branches of the navigator tree are those groups that directly
  • the top level view is presented as a tree
  • the navigator view options are controlled through a menu choice. Groups are marked
  • the user may choose views that display only selected types of elements. For instance,
  • the user may decide to view only levels.
  • the user may also choose to view a group by
  • a group may be moved to another location in the tree, by using "cut” and "paste"
  • Embodiments may be used in: 1) system dynamics simulation software, 2)
  • This capability allows a broad array of users to develop
  • users in a simpler and more practical manner. Once a model is built, users may generate
  • the dashboard builder is a standard multiple document application contained
  • computer program product includes a means of designing a customized graphical user
  • GUI model defimtion interface
  • the means of designing the customized GUI further includes a
  • simulator control to a model definition element, and a means responsive to user entry of an initial state of each variable in the model defimtion element and for displaying the
  • the application has several menus and toolbars that provide the means for a user
  • FIG. 5 shows the dashboard builder application with two open
  • dashboard files From this interface of the dashboard builder, a model developer can
  • dashboard builder functionality provided to a distribution version of a model using the dashboard builder functionality.
  • the active window "Dashboard One" of the dashboard builder interface contains four
  • dashboard builder interface In FIG. 6, the "application” toolbar contains icons for many
  • dashboard functionality allows a model developer to customize the dashboard functionality
  • the customized environment interface developed through the dashboard builder may be used to restrict the end user's choices or
  • distribution ready user interface may include any of the standard functions from the
  • the dashboard builder interface preferably provides controls-adapted "Help" messages
  • the help messages provided may address navigator issues, for example how to use the
  • Dashboards may be designed that provide input controls and information displays
  • Each dashboard is customized for use by a specific type of end user or group of end-users.
  • a dashboard can present a control panel
  • Dashboard design is a menu-driven process. The user
  • designing the dashboard may modify an existing dashboard or create a new dashboard.
  • the design area preferably has the format of a familiar WYSIWYG ("what you see is what you get") area surrounded by various buttons and controls.
  • the design may place as
  • the end-user may
  • dashboard may be fixed in either situation.
  • Various portions of the dashboard may provide the end-
  • selection trees are available to the designer and provide access to parameters and dialog
  • Plots and charts may be positioned as display windows. The end-user is able to
  • select objects such as the type of display, size of display, text labels, and data
  • Each display may include an optional border, background color and
  • Any plot may have associated analysis equations that
  • buttons may be used to provide the end-user with an easy method of selecting a particular parameter set or group of parameter settings.
  • the dashboard designer may present
  • a clustered entry dialog can be configured to provide
  • the dashboard designer may provide a sheltered view, or a sub-set of the dashboard
  • dashboard may also provide access
  • the computer program product further includes a
  • designing the dashboard may define analysis progressions that provide the end-user with
  • the user may click on any line, bar, slice or row in a chart or tabular output
  • FIG. 3 chart might click on the chart to view the functionality that defines the
  • Prefe ⁇ ed embodiments provide basic support for allowing several users to make changes
  • the software preferably keeps a record of groups that were changed
  • a Date/Time/ Author Stamp contains the date, time and author that applied when a
  • the model has a DTA stamp when it was originally created
  • preferably is set to the Windows user name as a default, but may be changed in the
  • Each group has a latest change DTA stamp, known as the Group
  • a menu command preferably allows the user to select two model files to compare.
  • a standard 'Open' dialog allows the user to pick the target data files and then the source
  • Modification DTA stamps for the two files are checked first. If they are the
  • the models will be opened (if not open already) and contents of the models will
  • Modification DTA stamps are the same. Groups are compared on a name basis. Although each group and variable has a unique identifying serial number, this number is not
  • This window is a regular application window, not a dialog, allowing it to be moved and
  • a group comparison allows the user to compare the contents of a group that exists
  • variable exists in the other model, and if contents are the same.
  • window is a regular application window, not a dialog, allowing it to be moved
  • the scenario can be a useful tool in analyzing model behavior.
  • a scenario is a specific set of
  • a scenario always relates to a
  • scenario number is assigned in numerical sequence within the SDMDB.
  • Model parameters are accessible in a tree, similar to file folder trees conventionally found
  • Model simulation runs i.e., scenarios, that are executed based on these parameter changes can be named and are automatically saved by the program. Users can also view a
  • the scenario roster shows all
  • the user may save the results of a simulation run.
  • the "save" command closes
  • the user may request the scenario and freezes all of the inputs required to generate the result.
  • the user may
  • the user is preferably forced to choose one of the above prior to
  • end-user makes an explicit decision not to save the scenario. If the user decides not to save the scenario.
  • the scenario list is used to select which scenario to use as a base for other
  • the list format may also be used to select scenarios to
  • a grid is used to review and select scenarios.
  • the scenario list box may also be
  • Scenario numbers are unique within an SDMDB and are assigned starting with
  • the default name for a scenario consists of the model name and an ordinal number sequentially designating the scenario. Alternate names and aliases may be
  • Scenario numbers are not re-used within a given model, even if
  • the user may change any parameter used by the model.
  • the user may construct
  • Parameter sets are assigned names that identify a
  • the user may create multiple versions of a parameter set
  • Parameter sets are created at the model level.
  • the parameter set is created at the model level.
  • Each parameter set contains a set of
  • Parameter set membership meamng the list
  • This parameter set is saved for each scenario. This parameter set contains the names of any
  • results of each scenario are stored in a results area that contains variables
  • scenario For analysis purposes, the user may select any scenario as the cu ⁇ ent scenario.
  • any other scenario may be designated as the base scenario.
  • other scenarios may be designated as the base scenario.
  • the user may select a variable to display by clicking on it anywhere within the
  • model structure (navigator, flow diagram, or text editor).
  • model structure several options appear including the display of the default plot.
  • the program includes a number of standard plot capabilities, including line plots,
  • the user may have many plots on the screen at one time.
  • the user may have many plots on the screen at one time.
  • Tabular output may be viewed in much the same way as charts.
  • the tables may
  • the user may also specify algebraic expressions whose results are displayed.
  • the specification may include the option to use the
  • variable current as of the run-time or to use the original variable value set at the time the
  • click-to-trace command combines aspects of the click-to-plot, rapid mode, and tree
  • click-to-trace mode the user may also view a text box that
  • This box is cumulative; it includes the starting
  • Scenario results may be directly output in spreadsheet form, for instance into

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Abstract

Un environnement de modélisation du comportement dynamique d'un système comporte une interface utilisateur graphique conçue pour permettre à un responsable de la génération de modèles de définir un modèle au moyen d'entrées graphiques, par exemple en sélectionnant des icônes et en les faisant glisser sur une représentation d'un ordinogramme. Les données et autres informations relatives à un modèle particulier sont stockées dans une structure de type base de données qui permet une organisation efficace des données. Un second éditeur non graphique constitue un outil distinct et séparé d'édition des équations et des autres informations représentatives d'un modèle. Ledit environnement de modélisation du comportement dynamique de modèles permet la définition d'une pluralité de groupes constitués chacun d'un jeu de données représentant un ordinogramme complet et susceptible d'être couplé à un autre groupe définissant une partie du modèle sur la même couche du modèle. L'invention concerne également un environnement de simulation efficace qui permet de déterminer quels groupes sont actifs à l'intérieur du modèle et d'effectuer des simulations uniquement sur ces groupes actifs. Les utilisateurs ont également la possibilité de créer des interfaces utilisateurs personnalisées, ou 'tableau de bord' pour leurs modèles, sans expérience préalable de la programmation. Les utilisateurs ont également accès à des fonctions qui facilitent la création et la sauvegarde de scénarios et de modèles.
PCT/US2000/017793 1999-06-30 2000-06-28 Generateur de modeles du comportement dynamique de systemes et simulateur associe WO2001001206A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14202999P 1999-06-30 1999-06-30
US60/142,029 1999-06-30
US36004499A 1999-07-23 1999-07-23
US09/360,044 1999-07-23

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