WO2000076987A1 - Rhodanine derivatives for use in a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation and imaging amyloid deposits - Google Patents

Rhodanine derivatives for use in a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation and imaging amyloid deposits Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000076987A1
WO2000076987A1 PCT/US2000/015069 US0015069W WO0076987A1 WO 2000076987 A1 WO2000076987 A1 WO 2000076987A1 US 0015069 W US0015069 W US 0015069W WO 0076987 A1 WO0076987 A1 WO 0076987A1
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Prior art keywords
oxo
thioxo
thiazolidin
benzylidene
acetic acid
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PCT/US2000/015069
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French (fr)
Inventor
Corinne Elizabeth Augelli-Szafran
Shelly Ann Glase
Lary Craswell Walker
Tomoyuki Yasunaga
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Warner-Lambert Company
Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Company
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Application filed by Warner-Lambert Company, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Company filed Critical Warner-Lambert Company
Priority to AU53118/00A priority Critical patent/AU5311800A/en
Priority to EP00938021A priority patent/EP1192143A1/en
Priority to CA002374616A priority patent/CA2374616A1/en
Priority to JP2001503845A priority patent/JP2003502320A/en
Priority to MXPA01010490A priority patent/MXPA01010490A/en
Priority to BR0011441-3A priority patent/BR0011441A/en
Publication of WO2000076987A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000076987A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
    • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
    • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D277/36—Sulfur atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation and imaging amyloid deposits. More particularly, this invention relates to a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation, for example to treat Alzheimer's disease using rhodanine derivatives.
  • Amyloidosis is a condition characterized by the accumulation of various insoluble, fibrillar proteins in the tissues of a patient.
  • the fibrillar proteins that comprise the accumulations or deposits are called amyloid proteins. While the particular proteins or peptides found in the deposits vary, the presence of fibrillar morphology and a large amount of ⁇ -sheet secondary structure is common to many types of amyloids.
  • An amyloid deposit is formed by the aggregation of amyloid proteins, followed by the further combination of aggregates and/or amyloid proteins.
  • amyloid deposits has been shown in various diseases, each with its particular associated protein, such as Mediterranean fever, Muckle- Wells syndrome, idiopathetic myeloma, amyloid polyneuropathy, amyloid cardiomyopathy, systemic senile amyloidosis, amyloid polyneuropathy, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, Scrapie, Creutzfeldt- Jacob disease, Kuru, Gerstmann-Straussler- Scheinker syndrome, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Isolated atrial amyloid, ⁇ 2-microglobulin amyloid in dialysis patients, inclusion body myositis, ⁇ 2-amyloid deposits in muscle wasting disease, Sickle Cell Anemia, Parkinson's disease, and Islets of Langerhans diabetes Type 2 insulinoma.
  • Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative brain disorder characterized clinically by progressive loss of memory, cognition, reasoning, judgement, and emotional stability that gradually leads to mental deterioration and ultimately death. Because Alzheimer's disease and related degenerative brain disorders are a major medical issue for an increasingly aging population, the need for new treatments and methods for diagnosing the disorders are needed.
  • a simple, noninvasive method for detecting and quantitating amyloid deposits in a patient has been eagerly sought.
  • detection of amyloid deposits involves histological analysis of biopsy or autopsy materials. Both methods have major drawbacks.
  • an autopsy can only be used for a postmortem diagnosis.
  • amyloid deposits in vivo are difficult, as the deposits have many of the same physical properties (ie, density and water content) as normal tissues. Attempts to image amyloid deposits directly using magnetic resonance imaging (MRJ) and computer-assisted tomography (CAT) have been disappointing and have detected amyloid deposits only under certain favorable conditions. In addition, efforts to label amyloid deposits with antibodies, serum amyloid P protein, or other probe molecules has provided some selectivity on the periphery of tissues, but has provided for poor imaging of tissue interiors. Thus, it would be useful to have a noninvasive technique for imaging and quantitating amyloid deposits in a patient. In addition, it would be useful to have compounds that inhibit the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits.
  • US Patent Number 5,523,314 relates to rhodanine compounds useful as hypoglycemic agents and for treating Alzheimer's disease.
  • the presently claimed compounds can be distinguished from the compounds disclosed in the patent because the patent does not provide for R.2 to be -(CH2) n -C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -(CH2) m -phenyl, or for Rl and R ⁇ together with the nitrogen atom of Formula I to be a cyclic structure.
  • the specific compounds disclosed in the present application show unexpectedly superior activity when compared with the specific compounds disclosed in the 5,523,314 patent. Representative examples in the 5,523,314 patent were tested in the BASST and BASSR assay set forth below with the following results.
  • Compounds of the present invention comprise both a nitrogen atom substituted with Rl and R ⁇ attached to a cyclic or bicyclic group and a -CO2H group attached to a rhodanine group. None of the compounds exemplified in the 5,523,314 patent contain both functional groups. Additionally, the invention compounds are potent inhibitors of amyloid formation in the above assays.
  • the present invention provides compounds of the Formula I
  • Z is hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, Cj-Cg perfluoroalkyl, C2-Cg alkenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, -OH, -OC1 -Cg alkyl, -SCi-Cg alkyl,-SO 3 H, -CO 2 H, -CO 2 C ⁇ -Cg alkyl,
  • Rl and R ⁇ are independently Cj-Cgalkyl or -(CH2) n -C3-C6cycloalkyl,
  • R ⁇ and R ⁇ independently are hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, -(CH2) n -phenyl, or
  • R ⁇ is hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, halogen or -CF3; and each m is 2 to 8 inclusive.
  • a preferred group of compounds are benzylidene derivatives of Formula II
  • R ⁇ , R ⁇ , ⁇ l, ⁇ 2, and n are as defined above.
  • Another preferred group of compounds are naphthalenylmethylene derivatives of Formula III
  • Rl, RX, ⁇ X ⁇ , X- and n are as defined above.
  • Still another preferred group of compounds are quinolinylmethylene derivatives of Formula IV
  • the group -NR1R2 is located at the para position of the aromatic ring portion of X, for example 4-aminophenyl.
  • compounds of Formula I where X has the Z geometry on the double bond. Also preferred are compounds of Formula I wherein R ⁇ is (CH2) n -C3-C6 cycloalkyl or -(CH2) n phenyl when Rl is Cj-Cg alkyl.
  • the compounds of Formula I are:
  • the invention also provides pharmaceutical formulations comprising a compound of Formula I admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, excipient, or carrier therefor.
  • Also provided is a method of inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits comprising administering to a patient in need of inhibition of amyloid protein aggregation an amyloid protein aggregation inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • a method of imaging amyloid deposits comprising the steps of: a. introducing into a patient a detectable quantity of a labeled compound of Formula I b. allowing sufficient time for the labeled compound to become associated with amyloid deposits; and c. detecting the labeled compound associated with the amyloid deposits.
  • the patient has or is suspected to have Alzheimer's disease.
  • the labeled compound is a radiolabled compound.
  • the labeled compound is detected using MRI.
  • composition comprising a compound of Formula I.
  • alkyl means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon.
  • Representative examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyi, isobutyl, butyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, pentyl, and hexyl.
  • Preferred alkyl groups are Cj-Cg alkyl.
  • alkoxy means an alkyl group such as C ⁇ -Cg alkyl attached to an oxygen atom.
  • Representative examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, tert-butoxy, propoxy, and isobutoxy.
  • halogen includes chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine.
  • substituted means that one or more hydrogen atom in a molecule has been replaced with another atom or group of atoms.
  • substituents include halogen, -OH, -CF3, -NO2, -NH2, -NH(C ⁇ -C6alkyl), -N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , C1-C6 alkyl, -OC!-C 6 alkyl, -CN, -CF3, -CO 2 H, and -CO 2 C!-C6 alkyl.
  • substituted phenyl means a phenyl ring in which from 1 to 4 hydrogen atoms have been independently replaced with a substituent, preferably one selected from the list above.
  • salts refers to those carboxylate salts, amino acid addition salts, esters, amides, and prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgement, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of patients without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended use, as well as the zwitterionic forms, where possible, of the compounds of the invention.
  • salts refers to the relatively nontoxic, inorganic and organic acid addition salts of compounds of the present invention.
  • salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds or by separately reacting the purified compound in its free base form with a suitable organic or inorganic acid and isolating the salt thus formed.
  • Representative salts include the hydrobromide, hydrochloride, sulfate, bisulfate, nitrate, acetate, oxalate, valerate, oleate, palmitate, stearate, laurate, borate, benzoate, lactate, phosphate, tosylate, citrate, maleate, fumarate, succinate, tartrate, naphthylate mesylate, glucoheptonate, lactiobionate and laurylsulphonate salts, and the like.
  • alkali and alkaline earth metals such as sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like
  • nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium and amine cations including, but not limited to ammonium, tetramethylammomum, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylamine, and the like.
  • esters of the compounds of this invention examples include Cj-Cg alkyl esters wherein the alkyl group is a straight or branched chain. Acceptable esters also include C5-C7 cycloalkyl esters as well as arylalkyl esters such as, but not limited to benzyl. C1-C4 alkyl esters are preferred. Esters of the compounds of the present invention may be prepared according to conventional methods.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic amides of the compounds of this invention include amides derived from ammonia, primary Cj-Cg alkyl amines and secondary C1-C6 dialkyl amines wherein the alkyl groups are straight or branched chain. In the case of secondary amines, the amine may also be in the form of a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle containing one nitrogen atom. Amides derived from ammonia, C1-C3 alkyl primary amides and C1-C2 dialkyl secondary amides are preferred. Amides of the compounds of the invention may be prepared according to conventional methods.
  • prodrug refers to compounds that are rapidly transformed in vivo to yield the parent compound of the above formulas, for example, by hydrolysis in blood.
  • a thorough discussion is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Deliverv Systems, Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche,
  • the compounds of the present invention can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like.
  • the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention can exist in different stereoisometric forms by virtue of the presence of asymmetric centers in the compounds. It is contemplated that all stereoisometric forms of the compounds, as well as mixture thereof, including racemic mixtures, form part of this invention.
  • a labeled compound of Formula I is introduced into a tissue or a patient in a detectable quantity.
  • the compound is typically part of a pharmaceutical composition and is administered to the tissue or the patient by methods well-known to those skilled in the art.
  • a compound can be administered either orally, rectally, parenterally (intravenous, by intramuscularly or subcutaneously), intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, intravesically, locally (powders, ointments or drops), or as a buccal or nasal spray.
  • compositions suitable for parenteral injection may comprise physiologically acceptable sterile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, and sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
  • suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers, diluents, solvents, or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (propyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycol, glycerol, and the like), suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils (such as olive oil), and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate.
  • Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions and by the use of surfactants.
  • compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying, and dispensing agents.
  • adjuvants such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying, and dispensing agents.
  • Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be ensured by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, and the like.
  • isotonic agents for example sugars, sodium chloride, and the like.
  • Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form can be brought about by the use of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules.
  • the active compound is admixed with at least one inert customary excipient (or carrier) such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate or
  • fillers or extenders as for example, starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid;
  • binders as for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alignates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, and acacia;
  • humectants as for example, glycerol;
  • disintegrating agents as for example, agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain complex silicates and sodium carbonate;
  • solution retarders as for example paraffin;
  • absorption accelerators as for example, quaternary ammonium compounds;
  • wetting agents such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate or
  • Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft- and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar, as well as high molecular weight poly ethylenegly cols, and the like.
  • Solid dosage forms such as tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells, such as enteric coatings and others well known in the art. They may contain opacifying agents, and can also be of such composition that they release the active compound or compounds in a certain part of the intestinal tract in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions which can be used are polymeric substances and waxes. The active compounds can also be in microencapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more of the above-mentioned excipients.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs.
  • the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, as for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyi alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propyleneglycol, 1,3-butyleneglycol, dimethylformamide, oils, in particular, cottonseed oil, groundnut oil, corn germ oil, olive oil, castor oil, and sesame oil, glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethyleneglycols, and fatty acid esters of sorbitan or mixtures of these substances, and the like.
  • inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water or other solvents, solub
  • composition can also include adjuvants, such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
  • adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
  • Suspensions in addition to the active compounds, may contain suspending agents, as for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, or mixtures of these substances, and the like.
  • suspending agents as for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, or mixtures of these substances, and the like.
  • compositions for rectal administrations are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of the present invention with suitable nonirritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethyleneglycol or a suppository wax, which are solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at body temperature and therefore, melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active component.
  • suitable nonirritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethyleneglycol or a suppository wax, which are solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at body temperature and therefore, melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active component.
  • Dosage forms for topical administration of a compound of this invention include ointments, powders, sprays, and inhalants.
  • the active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a physiologically acceptable carrier and any preservatives, buffers or propellants as may be required. Ophthalmic formulations, eye ointments, powders, and solutions are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention.
  • the labeled compound is introduced into a patient in a detectable quantity and after sufficient time has passed for the compound to become associated with amyloid deposits, the labeled compound is detected noninvasively inside the patient.
  • a labeled compound of Formula I is introduced into a patient, sufficient time is allowed for the compound to become associated with amyloid deposits, and then a sample of tissue from the patient is removed and the labeled compound in the tissue is detected apart from the patient.
  • a tissue sample is removed from a patient and a labeled compound of Formula I is introduced into the tissue sample. After a sufficient amount of time for the compound to become bound to amyloid deposits, the compound is detected.
  • the administration of the labeled compound to a patient can be by a general or local administration route.
  • the labeled compound may be administered to the patient such that it is delivered throughout the body.
  • the labeled compound can be administered to a specific organ or tissue of interest. For example, it is desirable to locate and quantitate amyloid deposits in the brain in order to diagnose or track the progress of Alzheimer's disease in a patient.
  • tissue means a part of a patient's body. Examples of tissues include the brain, heart, liver, blood vessels, and arteries.
  • a detectable quantity is a quantity of labeled compound necessary to be detected by the detection method chosen. The amount of a labeled compound to be introduced into a patient in order to provide for detection can readily be determined by those skilled in the art. For example, increasing amounts of the labeled compound can be given to a patient until the compound is detected by the detection method of choice. A label is introduced into the compounds to provide for detection of the compounds.
  • the term "patient” means humans and other animals. Those skilled in the art are also familiar with determining the amount of time sufficient for a compound to become associated with amyloid deposits. The amount of time necessary can easily be determined by introducing a detectable amount of a labeled compound of Formula I into a patient and then detecting the labeled compound at various times after administration.
  • the term "associated” means a chemical interaction between the labeled compound and the amyloid deposit. Examples of associations include covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions, hydrophobic- hydrophobic interactions, and complexes.
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • PET positron emission tomography
  • SPECT single photon emission computed tomography
  • the label that is introduced into the compound will depend on the detection method desired. For example, if PET is selected as a detection method, the compound must possess a positron-emitting atom, such as ! ! C or 1 8 F.
  • a suitable label in a compound of Formula I is an atom such as 13c, I ⁇ N, or 19p which can be detected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is also sometimes called nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • the labeled compounds of Formula I may also be detected by MRI using paramagnetic contrast agents.
  • EPR electron paramagnetic resonance
  • the imaging of amyloid deposits can also be carried out quantitatively so that the amount of amyloid deposits can be determined.
  • the present invention also provides a method of inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits, by administering to a patient in need of inhibition of the aggregation of amyloid protein an amyloid protein inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • an amyloid inhibiting amount by simply administering a compound of Formula I to a patient in increasing amounts until the growth of amyloid deposits is decreased or stopped. The rate of growth can be assessed using imaging or by taking a tissue sample from a patient and observing the amyloid deposits therein.
  • a patient in need of inhibition of the aggregation of amyloid proteins is a patient having a disease or condition in which amyloid proteins aggregate.
  • diseases and conditions include Mediterranean fever, Muckle-
  • idiopathetic myeloma amyloid polyneuropathy, amyloid cardiomyopathy, systemic senile amyloidosis, amyloid polyneuropathy, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, Scrapie, Creutzfeldt- Jacob disease, Kuru, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Isolated atrial amyloid, ⁇ 2-microglobulin amyloid in dialysis patients, inclusion body myositis, ⁇ 2-amyloid deposits in muscle wasting disease, Sickle Cell Anemia, Parkinson's disease, and Islets of Langerhans diabetes Type 2 insulinoma.
  • Also provided by the present invention are compounds of Formula I wherein one or more atom in the compound has been replaced with a radioisotope.
  • the radioisotope can be any radioisotope. However ⁇ H, 123 ; lj 5 131 s 1 I an( ⁇
  • a radioisotope into a compound.
  • compounds of Formula I wherein the COOH group is replaced by 11 COOH are readily prepared.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered to a patient at dosage levels in the range of about 0.1 to about 1,000 mg per day, which are "effective amounts" for inhibiting amyloid formation and treating the above mentioned diseases.
  • dosage levels in the range of about 0.1 to about 1,000 mg per day, which are "effective amounts" for inhibiting amyloid formation and treating the above mentioned diseases.
  • a dosage in the range of about 0.01 to about 100 mg per kilogram of body weight per day is sufficient.
  • the specific dosage used can vary.
  • the dosage can depend on a number of factors including the requirements of the patient, the severity of the condition being treated, and the pharmacological activity of the compound being used.
  • the determination of optimum dosages for a particular patient is well-known to those skilled in the art.
  • the compounds of Formula I can be prepared by any of several processes, utilizing readily available starting materials and methods well-known in organic chemistry.
  • Scheme I below illustrates a typical method for making starting materials and the final products of Formula I.
  • the invention compounds are generally prepared by reacting a substituted rhodanine with an aldehyde such as benzaldehyde.
  • Appropriately substituted amino benzaldehydes are prepared by reacting 4-fluorobenzaldehyde with an amine (HNR1R2) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. The reaction generally is carried out in a solvent such as dimethylacetamide or dimethylformamide. Many of the aryl aldehydes are commercially available.
  • N-substituted rhodanines also are commercially available, or they can be prepared by condensing carbon disulfide and chloroacetic acid with the appropriate amine.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be prepared by condensation of an appropriately N-substituted rhodanine with an appropriately substituted aromatic aldehyde in refluxing glacial acetic acid in the presence of sodium acetate.
  • W is COOH or an ester group such as CO2CH2PI .
  • Example 2 was prepared according to Example 1, except that dibutylaminobenzaldehyde is substituted for diethylaminobenzaldehyde; mp 268-269°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C2()H26N2 ⁇ 3S2-0.25 H2O: Calculated: C, 58.44; H, 6.50; N, 6.82. Found: C, 58.04; H, 6.40; N, 6.44.
  • Example 3 was prepared according to Example 1, except that dipropylaminobenzaldehyde is substituted for diethylaminobenzaldehyde; mp 233°C. Elemental analysis calculated for Ci 8H22 2O3S2: Calculated: C, 57.12;
  • Example 4 [5-(4-Diisobutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- acetic acid
  • Example 4 was prepared according to Example 3, except that diisobutylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 234°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C2 ⁇ H26N2 ⁇ 3S -0.1 H 2 0: Calculated: C, 58.82; H, 6.75; N, 6.86. Found: C, 58.43; H, 6.25; N, 6.57.
  • Example 5 [5-(4-Dipentylamino-benzyIidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin-3-yl]-acetic acid
  • Example 5 was prepared according to Example 3, except that dipentylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 195-196°C.
  • Example 6 was prepared according to Example 3, except that diisoamylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 257°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C22H3()N2 ⁇ 3S2-0.15 H2O: Calculated: C, 60.42; H, 6.98; N, 6.41. Found: C, 60.06; H, 6.83; N, 6.23.
  • Example 7 was prepared according to Example 3, except that hexamethyleneimine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 275°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C ⁇ H2()N2 ⁇ 3S2: Calculated: C, 57.42; H, 5.35;
  • Example 8 [5-(4-Dihexylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-acetic acid
  • Example 8 was prepared according to Example 3, except that dihexylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 152-153°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C24H34N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 62.30; H, 7.41; N, 6.05. Found: C, 62.05; H, 7.31; N, 5.87.
  • Example 9 (Z) ⁇ 5-[4-(MethyI-octyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl ⁇ - acetic acid
  • Example 9 was prepared according to Example 3, except that N-methyl-N- octylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 203-204°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C21H28N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 59.97; H, 6.71; N, 6.66. Found: C, 59.90; H, 6.62; N, 6.50.
  • Example 10 was prepared according to Example 3, except that perhydroisoquinoline is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 234°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C21H24N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 60.55; H, 5.81; N, 6.72. Found: C, 60.40; H, 5.82; N, 6.60.
  • Example 11 was prepared according to Example 3, except that N-propylcyclopropanemethylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 289°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C19H22N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 58.44;
  • Example 12 (Z) ⁇ 5- [4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl ⁇ -acetic acid
  • Example 12 was prepared according to Example 3, except that
  • Example 13 was prepared according to Example 3, except that N-methylphenethylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp
  • Example 14 was prepared according to Example 3, except that 3-azaspiro(5.5)undecane is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 265°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C22H26 N 2°3 S 2 : Calculated: C, 61.37; H, 6.09; N, 6.51. Found: C, 61.37; H, 6.13; N, 6.42.
  • Example 15 was prepared according to Example 2, except that N-carboxyethylrhodanine is substituted for rhodanine-3 -acetic acid; mp 164-165°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C21H28N2O3S2: Calculated: C,
  • Example 16 (Z) ⁇ 5-[4-(ButyI-methyI-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yI ⁇ - acetic acid
  • Example 16 was prepared according to Example 3, except that
  • N-methylbutylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 223 °C. Elemental analysis calculated for C17H20 2O3S2: Calculated: C, 56.02; H, 5.53; N, 7.69. Found: C, 56.33; H, 5.56; N, 7.66. WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
  • Example 17 was prepared according to Example 3, except that N-ethylbutylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 206°C.
  • Example 18 was prepared according to Example 3, except that N-benzylbutylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 205°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C23H24N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 62.70; H, 5.49; N, 6.36. Found: C, 63.10; H, 5.51; N, 6.28.
  • Example 19 was prepared according to Example 3, except that dioctylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 140-145°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C28H42N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 64.83; H, 8.16;
  • Example 20 was prepared according to Example 12, except that rhodanine- 3-butyric acid is substituted for rhodanine-3 -acetic acid; mp 147-150°C.
  • Example 21 was prepared according to Example 1 except that 4-( «- hexylmethylamino)benzaldehyde and N-carboxyethylrhodanine are used; mp 169-173°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C2()H26N2 ⁇ 3S2-0.21 H2O:
  • Example 22 was prepared according to Example 1 except 4-(dipentylamino)benzaldehyde and N-carboxyethylrhodanine are used; mp 127-130°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C23H32N2O3S2-0.27 H2O:
  • Example 23 was prepared according to Example 20 except 4-(dibutylamino)benzaldehyde is substituted for 4-( «-hexylmethylamino)- benzaldehyde; mp 145-148°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C22H30N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 60.80; H, 6.96; N, 6.45. Found: C, 60.59; H, 6.88; N, 6.33.
  • Example 24 was prepared according to Example 20 except 4-(dipentylamino)benzaldehyde is substituted for 4-( «-hexylmethylamino)- benzaldehyde; mp 132-133°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C24H34N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 62.30; H, 7.41; N, 6.05. Found: C, 62.10; H, 7.28; N, 5.85.
  • Example 25 was prepared according to Example 20 except dl-alanine is substituted for ethyl-4-aminobutyrate in Step A and 4-(dibutylamino)- benzaldehyde is substituted for 4-( «-hexylmethylamino)benzaldehyde in Step B; mp 168-169°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C21H28N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 59.97; H, 6.71; N, 6.66. Found: C, 60.11; H, 6.93; N, 6.76.
  • Example 26 was prepared according to Example 20 except dl-phenylalanine is substituted for ethy-4-aminobutyrate in Step A and 4-(dibutylamino)benzaldehyde is substituted for 4-( «-hexylmethylamino)- benzaldehyde in Step B; mp 205°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C27H32N2O3S2T.OC2H4O2: Calculated: C, 62.56; H, 6.52; N, 5.03. Found: C, 62.72; H, 6.69; N, 5.11.
  • Example 27 was prepared according to Example 20 except dl-histidine is substituted for ethyl-4-aminobutyrate in Step A and 4-(dibutylamino)- benzaldehyde is substituted for 4-( «-hexylmethylamino)benzaldehyde in Step B; mp 280-281°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C24H30N4O3S2: Calculated: C, 59.23; H, 6.21; N, 11.51. Found: C, 59.02; H, 6.09; N, 11.30.
  • Step A N-Methylhexylamine (6.5 mL, 43.0 mmol), 4-fluoro-l-naphthaldehyde
  • the resulting oil is purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) on silica gel eluting with 5% ethyl acetate/hexane to give 5.94 g of 4-( «-hexylmethylamino)- 1-naphthaldehyde as a yellow oil.
  • MPLC medium pressure liquid chromatography
  • Step B Example 28 was prepared according to Example 1 except that 4-( «- hexylmethylamino)-l-naphthaldehyde is substituted for diethylaminobenzaldehyde; mp 132°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C23H26 2O3S2: Calculated: C, 62.42; H, 5.92; N, 6.33. Found: C, 62.65; H, 5.99; N, 6.12. WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
  • Example 38 (Z) ⁇ 4-Oxo-5-[4-(4-propyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzyIidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl ⁇ -butyric acid, mp 181°C, MS 433 (M+).
  • Phosphorus oxychloride (1.57 mL, 16.8 mmol) is added dropwise to DMF (2.0 mL), and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. To this mixture is added dropwise 1 -butyl- 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-quinoline (2.65 g, 14 mmol) in DMF (2.3 mL) over a period of 10 minutes. After the initial exothermic reaction ceases, the mixture is heated to 60°C for 20 minutes then poured onto ice (50 g). To the mixture is added IN NaOH (120 mL), and the resulting heterogeneous mixture is stirred vigorously for 10 minutes and extracted with EtOAc.
  • Step D 1 -Butyl- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydro-quinoline-6-carboxaldehyde is reacted with rhodanine-3 -acetic acid as previously described to obtain Example 39 as a purple solid; mp 222-224°C, MS 391 (M + ).
  • Example 41 (Z) 4- ⁇ 5- [(4aS,8aR)-4-(Octahy dro-isoquinolin-2-y l)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl ⁇ -butyric acid, mp 186°C, MS 445 (M + ).
  • Example 44 4-[4-Oxo-5-(4-perhydro-azepin-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3- yl]-butyric acid, mp 185°C, MS 405 (M + ).
  • Example 45 (Z) 4- ⁇ 5-[(4aS,8aS)-4-(Octahydro-isoquinoIin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl ⁇ -butyric acid, mp 173°C, MS 445 (M + ).
  • Phosphorus oxychloride (0.69 mL, 7.14 mmol) is added dropwise to DMF (1.09 mL), and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. To this mixture is added dropwise 1-butylindoline (1.18 g, 6.74 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) over a period of 10 minutes. After the initial exothermic reaction ceases, the mixture is heated to 60°C for 20 minutes then poured onto ice. To the mixture is added IN NaOH (80 mL), and the resulting heterogeneous mixture is stirred vigorously for 10 minutes and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer is washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the resulting oil is purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) on silica gel eluting with 5% ethyl acetate/hexane to give 0.792 g of 1 -butylindoline- 5-carboxaldehyde as a yellow oil.
  • MPLC medium pressure liquid chromatography
  • Step B l-Butylindoline-5-carboxaldehyde is reacted with rhodanine-3-acetic acid as previously described to obtain Example 52 as a solid; mp >250°C, MS 377
  • Example 60 (Z) 3-[4-Oxo-5-(4-azocan-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3- yl]propionic acid, mp 224°C, MS 405 (M + ).
  • Example 65 (Z) 4- ⁇ 5-[4-(4-HexyI-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin- 3-yl ⁇ -butyric acid, mp 192-193°C, MS 475 (M + ).
  • BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES Invention compounds of Formula I have been evaluated in several standard in vitro and in vivo assays which are well-established as indicative of clinical usefulness in treating Alzheimer's disease and other conditions associated with amyloid formation.
  • Soluble A ⁇ ( 1-40) peptide (Bachem, Torrance, CA) - 2.2 mg/mL in deionized H2O (stored in aliquots at -20°C, keep on ice when thawed) will self-seed after 1 week storage. Typically, the solution should be stored until no lag phase is seen in the assay.
  • 125j_ ⁇ a b e ⁇ e( i A ?(l-40) can be made in accordance with the procedure set forth by H. Levine, III in Neurobiol. Aging, 16:755 (1995), which is hereby incorporated by reference, or this reagent may be purchased from Amersham, Arlington Heights, Illinois.
  • -37- Final assay conditions 30 ⁇ M soluble A/? (1-40) in deionized water in assay buffer + 20K to 50K cpm 125 I-labeled A ⁇ (1-40) per assay.
  • Compound to be tested is dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), typically 5 to 50 mM stock, such that the final concentration of DMSO is ⁇ 1% v/v in the assay.
  • DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
  • Reaction mixture for 50 assays (on ice) is comprised of 0.1-0.2 ⁇ L of
  • reaction mixture 1) Prepare reaction mixture above by mixing components and storing on ice.
  • Soluble A ⁇ (1-40) - 2.2 mg/mL in deionized H2O (store in aliquots at -20°C, keep on ice when thawed) will self seed after 1 week storage. Typically, the solution should be stored until no lag phase is seen in the assay.
  • Final assay conditions 30 ⁇ M soluble A ⁇ X-4i)) in deionized water in assay buffer.
  • Compound to be tested is dissolved in DMSO, typically 5 to 50 mM stock, such that the final concentration of DMSO is ⁇ 1% v/v in the assay.
  • Reaction mixture for 50 assays comprised of 1 ⁇ L of soluble A ⁇ X-4J) + 13.5 ⁇ L assay buffer per assay. The following are the amounts of the components of the reaction mixture that result in each of the 50 assay wells.
  • Assay Method 1 Prepare the reaction mix above by mixing the components and storing on ice.
  • This assay is used to provide a measure of inhibition by a compound against the aggregation behavior of the beta amyloid peptide.
  • HFIP hexafluoroisopropanol
  • a ⁇ (1-42) (California Peptide) was dried from its hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) stock solution.
  • the A ⁇ (1-42) was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and then mixed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS)
  • the mixed A ⁇ (1-42) solution was filtered with a 0.2 ⁇ m Omnipore membrane syringe filter (Millipore, Bedford, MA).
  • the compound to be tested in DMSO 50 times concentrate was put into each well (0.5 ⁇ L/well) of a 96-well plate.
  • the A ⁇ (1-42) solution was added into each well (24.5 ⁇ L/well).
  • the plate was centrifuged at 1,000 g for 5 minutes and incubated at 37°C for 1 day (A ⁇ l-42; final concentration 100 ⁇ M).
  • Thioflavin T (ThT) (30 ⁇ M) solution in glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 8.5, 50 mM) was added into each well (250 ⁇ L/well), fluorescence was measured (ex. 440/20 nm, em; 485/20 nm) using a fluorescence plate reader.
  • the inhibitory activity was calculated as the reduction of fluorescence with the following formula:
  • Inhibition (%) ⁇ (F(A ⁇ )-F(A ⁇ +compound) ⁇ / ⁇ F(A ⁇ )-F(solvent+compound) ⁇ x 100 .
  • the IC5o's were calculated by a curve fitting program using the following equation. The data were obtained from two different experiments in triplicate.
  • Inhibition(x) 100-100/ ⁇ l+(x/IC 50 ) n ⁇ .
  • x concentration of tested compound (M).
  • IC 50 (M).
  • n Hill coefficient.
  • Representative compounds of Formula I have exhibited inhibitory activities (IC50) ranging from about 0.1 ⁇ M to greater than 100 ⁇ M in the foregoing assays.
  • IC50 inhibitory activities
  • the results of these assays for specific representative compounds of the present invention are shown in the table below.
  • the invention compounds have also shown good activity in standard in vivo mouse assays commonly used to evaluate agents to treat diseases related to aggregation of amyloid proteins, especially Alzheimer's disease.
  • assays are WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
  • amyloid protein is induced into the spleen of mice by subcutaneous injections of silver nitrate, Freund's complete adjuvant, and an intravenous injection of amyloid enhancing factor. Silver nitrate is administered each day through Day 11. Test compounds are administered to the mice daily starting on Day 1 through Day 11.
  • mice Another in vivo assay in which the invention compounds have been evaluated uses transgenic mice.
  • the mice bear a human ⁇ -amyloid precursor protein transgene with a prion promoter, as descried by Hsiao et al, "Correlative Memory Deficits, A ⁇ Elevation, and Amyloid Plaques in Transgenic Mice,"
  • mice develop ⁇ -amyloid deposits at about 9 months of age. By 15 months, diffuse and compact senile plaques are abundant, primarily in the neocortex, olfactory bulb, and hippocampus. Invention compounds are administered orally to the mice beginning at the age of 8 months (just prior to the onset of amyloid deposits) and continuing for several months (up to about age 14-18 months). The animals are then sacrificed, and the brains are removed. The amount of amyloid in the brain is quantitated both histologically and biochemically. Invention compounds evaluated in this model have shown good inhibition of amyloid accumulation in the cortex and hippocampus relative to untreated controls.
  • invention compounds of Formula I are potent inhibitors of protein aggregation, and are thus useful in treating diseases associated with amyloid deposits and to image amyloid deposits for diagnostic use.
  • the compounds typically will be used in the form of pharmaceutical formulations for therapeutic use, and the following examples further illustrate typical compositions.
  • Example 1 The compound of Example 1 is mixed with the lactose and cornstarch (for mix) and blended to uniformity to a powder.
  • the cornstarch (for paste) is suspended in 6 mL of water and heated with stirring to form a paste.
  • the paste is added to the mixed powder, and the mixture is granulated.
  • the wet granules are passed through a No. 8 hard screen and dried at 50°C.
  • the mixture is lubricated with 1% magnesium stearate and compressed into a tablet.
  • the tablets are administered to a patient at the rate of 1 to 4 each day for prevention of amyloid and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
  • Example 26 In a solution of 700 mL of propylene glycol and 200 mL of water for injection is added 20.0 g of the compound of Example 26. The mixture is stirred and the pH is adjusted to 5.5 with hydrochloric acid. The volume is adjusted to 1000 mL with water for injection. The solution is sterilized, filled into 5.0 mL ampoules, each containing 2.0 mL (40 mg of Example 26), and sealed under nitrogen. The 10 solution is administered by injection to a patient suffering from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and in need of treatment.

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Abstract

The present invention provides a method of treating Alzheimer's disease using a compound of Formula (I). Also provided is a method of inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins using a compound of Formula (I) and a method of imaging amyloid deposits using compounds of Formula (I).

Description

WO 00/76987 PCT USOO/l 5069
RHODANINE DERIVATIVES FOR USE IN A METHOD OF INHIBITING AMYLOID PROTEIN AGGREGATION AND IMAGING AMYLOID DEPOSITS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation and imaging amyloid deposits. More particularly, this invention relates to a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation, for example to treat Alzheimer's disease using rhodanine derivatives.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Amyloidosis is a condition characterized by the accumulation of various insoluble, fibrillar proteins in the tissues of a patient. The fibrillar proteins that comprise the accumulations or deposits are called amyloid proteins. While the particular proteins or peptides found in the deposits vary, the presence of fibrillar morphology and a large amount of β-sheet secondary structure is common to many types of amyloids. An amyloid deposit is formed by the aggregation of amyloid proteins, followed by the further combination of aggregates and/or amyloid proteins.
The presence of amyloid deposits has been shown in various diseases, each with its particular associated protein, such as Mediterranean fever, Muckle- Wells syndrome, idiopathetic myeloma, amyloid polyneuropathy, amyloid cardiomyopathy, systemic senile amyloidosis, amyloid polyneuropathy, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, Scrapie, Creutzfeldt- Jacob disease, Kuru, Gerstmann-Straussler- Scheinker syndrome, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Isolated atrial amyloid, β2-microglobulin amyloid in dialysis patients, inclusion body myositis, β2-amyloid deposits in muscle wasting disease, Sickle Cell Anemia, Parkinson's disease, and Islets of Langerhans diabetes Type 2 insulinoma. Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative brain disorder characterized clinically by progressive loss of memory, cognition, reasoning, judgement, and emotional stability that gradually leads to mental deterioration and ultimately death. Because Alzheimer's disease and related degenerative brain disorders are a major medical issue for an increasingly aging population, the need for new treatments and methods for diagnosing the disorders are needed.
A simple, noninvasive method for detecting and quantitating amyloid deposits in a patient has been eagerly sought. Presently, detection of amyloid deposits involves histological analysis of biopsy or autopsy materials. Both methods have major drawbacks. For example, an autopsy can only be used for a postmortem diagnosis.
The direct imaging of amyloid deposits in vivo is difficult, as the deposits have many of the same physical properties (ie, density and water content) as normal tissues. Attempts to image amyloid deposits directly using magnetic resonance imaging (MRJ) and computer-assisted tomography (CAT) have been disappointing and have detected amyloid deposits only under certain favorable conditions. In addition, efforts to label amyloid deposits with antibodies, serum amyloid P protein, or other probe molecules has provided some selectivity on the periphery of tissues, but has provided for poor imaging of tissue interiors. Thus, it would be useful to have a noninvasive technique for imaging and quantitating amyloid deposits in a patient. In addition, it would be useful to have compounds that inhibit the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits.
US Patent Number 5,523,314 relates to rhodanine compounds useful as hypoglycemic agents and for treating Alzheimer's disease. The presently claimed compounds can be distinguished from the compounds disclosed in the patent because the patent does not provide for R.2 to be -(CH2)n-C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -(CH2)m-phenyl, or for Rl and R^ together with the nitrogen atom of Formula I to be a cyclic structure. Moreover, the specific compounds disclosed in the present application show unexpectedly superior activity when compared with the specific compounds disclosed in the 5,523,314 patent. Representative examples in the 5,523,314 patent were tested in the BASST and BASSR assay set forth below with the following results.
Figure imgf000004_0002
Compounds of the present invention comprise both a nitrogen atom substituted with Rl and R^ attached to a cyclic or bicyclic group and a -CO2H group attached to a rhodanine group. None of the compounds exemplified in the 5,523,314 patent contain both functional groups. Additionally, the invention compounds are potent inhibitors of amyloid formation in the above assays.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides compounds of the Formula I
Figure imgf000004_0001
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X is
Figure imgf000005_0001
each n is independently 1 to 3 inclusive; χl and X^ are independently hydrogen or Cj-Cg alkyl, or -(CH2)y-Z; y is 0 to 4 inclusive;
Z is hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, Cj-Cg perfluoroalkyl, C2-Cg alkenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, -OH, -OC1 -Cg alkyl, -SCi-Cg alkyl,-SO3H, -CO2H, -CO2Cι-Cg alkyl,
O O O
I II II
-CHN2, -CNH(Cι-Cgalkyl), -CN(C1-Cgalkyl)2, -NH2, -NH(Cι-Cgalkyl), O
II
-N(Cι-Cgalkyl)2, -NCCj-Cg alkyl, guanidinyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, or indolyl; Rl and R^ are independently Cj-Cgalkyl or -(CH2)n-C3-C6cycloalkyl,
-(CH2)n-phenyl, or Rl and R^ taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a cyclic structure selected from
Figure imgf000005_0002
Figure imgf000005_0003
where R^ and R^ independently are hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, -(CH2)n-phenyl, or
-(CH2)n cycloalkyl;
R^ is hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, halogen or -CF3; and each m is 2 to 8 inclusive.
A preferred group of compounds are benzylidene derivatives of Formula II
Figure imgf000006_0001
wherein R}, R^, χl, χ2, and n are as defined above.
Another preferred group of compounds are naphthalenylmethylene derivatives of Formula III
Figure imgf000006_0002
wherein Rl, RX, ~X\, X- and n are as defined above.
Still another preferred group of compounds are quinolinylmethylene derivatives of Formula IV
Figure imgf000006_0003
wherein Rx, R4; χl 5 χ25 and n ^Q as defined above. In a preferred embodiment, the group -NR1R2 is located at the para position of the aromatic ring portion of X, for example 4-aminophenyl.
Also preferred are compounds of Formula I where X has the Z geometry on the double bond. Also preferred are compounds of Formula I wherein R^ is (CH2)n-C3-C6 cycloalkyl or -(CH2)n phenyl when Rl is Cj-Cg alkyl.
In a most preferred embodiment, the compounds of Formula I are:
(Z) [5-(4-Diethylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- acetic acid; (Z) [5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- acetic acid;
(Z) [5-(4-Dipropylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- acetic acid;
(Z) [5-(4-Diisobutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- acetic acid;
(Z) [5-(4-Dipentylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- acetic acid;
(Z) (5-{4-[Bis-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-benzylidene}-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl)-acetic acid; (Z) [5-(4-Azepan-l-yl-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- acetic acid;
(Z) [5 -(4-Dihexylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl] - acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Methyl-octyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl}-acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Cyclopropylmethyl-propyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo- 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl } -acetic acid; (Z) {5-[4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-
3 -yl} -acetic acid; (Z) {5-[4-(Methyl-phenethyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(3-Aza-spiro[5.5]undec-3-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid; (Z) 3-[5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- propionic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Butyl-methyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3 -yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Butyl-ethyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3 -yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Benzyl-butyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl}-acetic acid;
(Z) [5-(4-Dioctylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- acetic acid; (Z) 4-{5-[4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -butyric acid;
(Z) 3- {5-[4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-propionic acid;
(Z) 3-[5-(4-Dipentylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- propionic acid;
(Z) 4-[5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- butyric acid;
(Z) 4-[5-(4-Dipentylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- butyric acid; (Z) 2-[5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- propionic acid;
(Z) 2-[5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- 3-phenyl-propionic acid;
(Z) 2-[5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- 3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-propionic acid;
(Z) { 5- [4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-naphthalen- 1 -ylmethylene] -4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl } -acetic acid; (Z) [4-Oxo-5-(4-pyrrolidin- 1 -yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- acetic acid;
(Z) { 5 - [4-(4-Butyl-piperazin- 1 -y l)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid; (Z) (4-Oxo-5-{4-[4-(3-phenyl-propyl)-piperidin-l -yl] -benzylidene} -2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)-acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) 3 - { 5- [4-(3 - Aza-spiro [5.5]undec-3 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3 -yl } -propionic acid;
(Z) 3-[4-Oxo-5-(4-azepan-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- propionic acid;
(Z) 4- { 5- [4-(3 -Aza-spiro [5.5] undec-3 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -butyric acid; (Z) {4-Oxo-5-[4-(4-propyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) 3- {4-Oxo-5-[4-(4-propyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene]-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid;
(Z) 4- {4-Oxo-5-[4-(4-propyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene]-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3 -yl} -butyric acid;
(Z) [5-(l-Butyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-6-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-acetic acid;
(Z) 3-{5-[(4aS,8aR)-4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo- 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl } -propionic acid; (Z) 4-{5-[(4aS,8aR)-4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-
2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid;
(Z) [4-Oxo-5-(4-piperidin- 1 -yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- acetic acid;
(Z) 3-{5-[(4aS,8aS)-4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid;
(Z) 4-[4-Oxo-5-(4-azepan-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- butyric acid; (Z) 4-{5-[(4aS,8aS)-4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid;
(Z) 3 - [4-0x0-5 -(4-piperidin- 1 -yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl] - propionic acid; (Z) 4-[4-Oxo-5-(4-piperidin- 1 -yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- butyric acid;
(Z) [4-Oxo-5-(4-azepan- 1 -yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl] - acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(4-Ethyl-4-methyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3 -yl } -acetic acid;
(Z) 3-{5-[4-(4-Ethyl-4-methyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl } -propionic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(4-Cyclohexylmethyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid; (Z) [5-( 1 -Butyl-2,3-dihydro- 1 H-indol-5-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl] -acetic acid;
(Z) 4- { 5 - [4-(4-Ethyl-4-methyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid;
(Z) 3-{5-[4-(4-Cyclohexylmethyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid;
(Z) 3 - { 5 - [4-(4-Benzyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzy lidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(4-Benzyl-piperidin-l -yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid; (Z) 4-[4-Oxo-5-(4-azocan- 1 -yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- butyric acid;
(Z) 4-{5-[4-(4-Benzyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid;
(Z) 4- { 5- [4-(4-Cyclohexylmethyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid;
(Z) 3-[4-Oxo-5-(4-azocan-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- propionic acid; (Z) 3-[5-(l-Butyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-6-yl-methylene)-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl] -propionic acid;
(Z) 4-[5-(l-Butyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-6-yl-methylene)-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-butyric acid; (Z) {5-[4-(4-Hexyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) 3 - { 5- [4-(4-Hexyl-piperidin- 1 -y l)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid;
(Z) 4- { 5 - [4-(4-Hexyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3 -yl} -butyric acid;
(Z) { 5 - [4-(4-Butyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) 3 - { 5 - [4-(4-Butyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid; (Z) 4-{5-[4-(4-Butyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -butyric acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(4-Pentyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid;
(Z) 3 - { 5 - [4-(4-Pentyl-pyrrolidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3 -yl} -propionic acid;
(Z) 4-{5-[4-(4-Pentyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -butyric acid.
Also provided is a method of treating Alzheimer's disease, the method comprising administering to a patient having Alzheimer's disease a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I
The invention also provides pharmaceutical formulations comprising a compound of Formula I admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, excipient, or carrier therefor.
Also provided is a method of inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits, the method comprising administering to a patient in need of inhibition of amyloid protein aggregation an amyloid protein aggregation inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula I. Also provided is a method of imaging amyloid deposits, the method comprising the steps of: a. introducing into a patient a detectable quantity of a labeled compound of Formula I b. allowing sufficient time for the labeled compound to become associated with amyloid deposits; and c. detecting the labeled compound associated with the amyloid deposits. In a preferred embodiment of the method, the patient has or is suspected to have Alzheimer's disease. In another preferred embodiment, the labeled compound is a radiolabled compound.
In another preferred embodiment, the labeled compound is detected using MRI.
Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The term "alkyl" means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon. Representative examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyi, isobutyl, butyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, pentyl, and hexyl. Preferred alkyl groups are Cj-Cg alkyl.
The term "alkoxy" means an alkyl group such as C^-Cg alkyl attached to an oxygen atom. Representative examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, tert-butoxy, propoxy, and isobutoxy.
The term "halogen" includes chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine. The term "substituted" means that one or more hydrogen atom in a molecule has been replaced with another atom or group of atoms. For example, substituents include halogen, -OH, -CF3, -NO2, -NH2, -NH(Cι-C6alkyl), -N(C1-C6alkyl)2, C1-C6 alkyl, -OC!-C6 alkyl, -CN, -CF3, -CO2H, and -CO2C!-C6 alkyl. The term "substituted phenyl" means a phenyl ring in which from 1 to 4 hydrogen atoms have been independently replaced with a substituent, preferably one selected from the list above.
The symbol "-" means a covalent bond. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, and prodrug" as used herein refers to those carboxylate salts, amino acid addition salts, esters, amides, and prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgement, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of patients without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended use, as well as the zwitterionic forms, where possible, of the compounds of the invention. The term "salts" refers to the relatively nontoxic, inorganic and organic acid addition salts of compounds of the present invention. These salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds or by separately reacting the purified compound in its free base form with a suitable organic or inorganic acid and isolating the salt thus formed. Representative salts include the hydrobromide, hydrochloride, sulfate, bisulfate, nitrate, acetate, oxalate, valerate, oleate, palmitate, stearate, laurate, borate, benzoate, lactate, phosphate, tosylate, citrate, maleate, fumarate, succinate, tartrate, naphthylate mesylate, glucoheptonate, lactiobionate and laurylsulphonate salts, and the like.
These may include cations based on the alkali and alkaline earth metals, such as sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like, as well as, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium and amine cations including, but not limited to ammonium, tetramethylammomum, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylamine, and the like. (See, for example, Berge S.M., et al., Pharmaceutical Salts, J Pharm. Sci., 66:1-19 (1977) which is incorporated herein by reference.)
Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic esters of the compounds of this invention include Cj-Cg alkyl esters wherein the alkyl group is a straight or branched chain. Acceptable esters also include C5-C7 cycloalkyl esters as well as arylalkyl esters such as, but not limited to benzyl. C1-C4 alkyl esters are preferred. Esters of the compounds of the present invention may be prepared according to conventional methods.
Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic amides of the compounds of this invention include amides derived from ammonia, primary Cj-Cg alkyl amines and secondary C1-C6 dialkyl amines wherein the alkyl groups are straight or branched chain. In the case of secondary amines, the amine may also be in the form of a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle containing one nitrogen atom. Amides derived from ammonia, C1-C3 alkyl primary amides and C1-C2 dialkyl secondary amides are preferred. Amides of the compounds of the invention may be prepared according to conventional methods.
The term "prodrug" refers to compounds that are rapidly transformed in vivo to yield the parent compound of the above formulas, for example, by hydrolysis in blood. A thorough discussion is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Deliverv Systems, Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche,
American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
In addition, the compounds of the present invention can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the present invention.
The compounds of the present invention can exist in different stereoisometric forms by virtue of the presence of asymmetric centers in the compounds. It is contemplated that all stereoisometric forms of the compounds, as well as mixture thereof, including racemic mixtures, form part of this invention.
In the first step of the present method of imaging, a labeled compound of Formula I is introduced into a tissue or a patient in a detectable quantity. The compound is typically part of a pharmaceutical composition and is administered to the tissue or the patient by methods well-known to those skilled in the art. In the methods of the present invention, a compound can be administered either orally, rectally, parenterally (intravenous, by intramuscularly or subcutaneously), intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, intravesically, locally (powders, ointments or drops), or as a buccal or nasal spray. Compositions suitable for parenteral injection may comprise physiologically acceptable sterile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, and sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. Examples of suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers, diluents, solvents, or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (propyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycol, glycerol, and the like), suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils (such as olive oil), and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions and by the use of surfactants.
These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying, and dispensing agents. Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be ensured by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents, for example sugars, sodium chloride, and the like. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form can be brought about by the use of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is admixed with at least one inert customary excipient (or carrier) such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate or (a) fillers or extenders, as for example, starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid; (b) binders, as for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alignates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, and acacia; (c) humectants, as for example, glycerol; (d) disintegrating agents, as for example, agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain complex silicates and sodium carbonate; (e) solution retarders, as for example paraffin; (f) absorption accelerators, as for example, quaternary ammonium compounds; (g) wetting agents, as for example, cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate; (h) adsorbents, as for example, kaolin and bentonite; and (i) lubricants, as for example, talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, or mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents.
Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft- and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar, as well as high molecular weight poly ethylenegly cols, and the like.
Solid dosage forms such as tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells, such as enteric coatings and others well known in the art. They may contain opacifying agents, and can also be of such composition that they release the active compound or compounds in a certain part of the intestinal tract in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions which can be used are polymeric substances and waxes. The active compounds can also be in microencapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more of the above-mentioned excipients.
Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs. In addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, as for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyi alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propyleneglycol, 1,3-butyleneglycol, dimethylformamide, oils, in particular, cottonseed oil, groundnut oil, corn germ oil, olive oil, castor oil, and sesame oil, glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethyleneglycols, and fatty acid esters of sorbitan or mixtures of these substances, and the like.
Besides such inert diluents, the composition can also include adjuvants, such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
Suspensions, in addition to the active compounds, may contain suspending agents, as for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, or mixtures of these substances, and the like.
Compositions for rectal administrations are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of the present invention with suitable nonirritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethyleneglycol or a suppository wax, which are solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at body temperature and therefore, melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active component.
Dosage forms for topical administration of a compound of this invention include ointments, powders, sprays, and inhalants. The active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a physiologically acceptable carrier and any preservatives, buffers or propellants as may be required. Ophthalmic formulations, eye ointments, powders, and solutions are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the labeled compound is introduced into a patient in a detectable quantity and after sufficient time has passed for the compound to become associated with amyloid deposits, the labeled compound is detected noninvasively inside the patient. In another embodiment of the invention, a labeled compound of Formula I is introduced into a patient, sufficient time is allowed for the compound to become associated with amyloid deposits, and then a sample of tissue from the patient is removed and the labeled compound in the tissue is detected apart from the patient. In a third embodiment of the invention, a tissue sample is removed from a patient and a labeled compound of Formula I is introduced into the tissue sample. After a sufficient amount of time for the compound to become bound to amyloid deposits, the compound is detected.
The administration of the labeled compound to a patient can be by a general or local administration route. For example, the labeled compound may be administered to the patient such that it is delivered throughout the body. Alternatively, the labeled compound can be administered to a specific organ or tissue of interest. For example, it is desirable to locate and quantitate amyloid deposits in the brain in order to diagnose or track the progress of Alzheimer's disease in a patient.
The term "tissue" means a part of a patient's body. Examples of tissues include the brain, heart, liver, blood vessels, and arteries. A detectable quantity is a quantity of labeled compound necessary to be detected by the detection method chosen. The amount of a labeled compound to be introduced into a patient in order to provide for detection can readily be determined by those skilled in the art. For example, increasing amounts of the labeled compound can be given to a patient until the compound is detected by the detection method of choice. A label is introduced into the compounds to provide for detection of the compounds.
The term "patient" means humans and other animals. Those skilled in the art are also familiar with determining the amount of time sufficient for a compound to become associated with amyloid deposits. The amount of time necessary can easily be determined by introducing a detectable amount of a labeled compound of Formula I into a patient and then detecting the labeled compound at various times after administration. The term "associated" means a chemical interaction between the labeled compound and the amyloid deposit. Examples of associations include covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions, hydrophobic- hydrophobic interactions, and complexes.
Those skilled in the art are familiar with the various ways to detect labeled compounds. For example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be used to detect radiolabeled compounds. The label that is introduced into the compound will depend on the detection method desired. For example, if PET is selected as a detection method, the compound must possess a positron-emitting atom, such as ! ! C or 18F.
Another example of a suitable label in a compound of Formula I is an atom such as 13c, I ^N, or 19p which can be detected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is also sometimes called nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In addition, the labeled compounds of Formula I may also be detected by MRI using paramagnetic contrast agents.
Another example of detection is electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). In this case, EPR probes which are well-known in the art, such as nitroxides, can be used.
The imaging of amyloid deposits can also be carried out quantitatively so that the amount of amyloid deposits can be determined.
The present invention also provides a method of inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits, by administering to a patient in need of inhibition of the aggregation of amyloid protein an amyloid protein inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula I. Those skilled in the art are readily able to determine an amyloid inhibiting amount by simply administering a compound of Formula I to a patient in increasing amounts until the growth of amyloid deposits is decreased or stopped. The rate of growth can be assessed using imaging or by taking a tissue sample from a patient and observing the amyloid deposits therein.
A patient in need of inhibition of the aggregation of amyloid proteins is a patient having a disease or condition in which amyloid proteins aggregate. Examples of such diseases and conditions include Mediterranean fever, Muckle-
Wells syndrome, idiopathetic myeloma, amyloid polyneuropathy, amyloid cardiomyopathy, systemic senile amyloidosis, amyloid polyneuropathy, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, Scrapie, Creutzfeldt- Jacob disease, Kuru, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Isolated atrial amyloid, β2-microglobulin amyloid in dialysis patients, inclusion body myositis, β2-amyloid deposits in muscle wasting disease, Sickle Cell Anemia, Parkinson's disease, and Islets of Langerhans diabetes Type 2 insulinoma.
Also provided by the present invention are compounds of Formula I wherein one or more atom in the compound has been replaced with a radioisotope.
The radioisotope can be any radioisotope. However^H, 123 ; lj5 131 s 1 I an(^
1 p are preferred. Those skilled in the art are familiar with the procedure used to introduce a radioisotope into a compound. For example, compounds of Formula I wherein the COOH group is replaced by 11 COOH are readily prepared. The compounds of the present invention can be administered to a patient at dosage levels in the range of about 0.1 to about 1,000 mg per day, which are "effective amounts" for inhibiting amyloid formation and treating the above mentioned diseases. For a normal human adult having a body weight of about 70 kg, a dosage in the range of about 0.01 to about 100 mg per kilogram of body weight per day is sufficient. The specific dosage used, however, can vary. For example, the dosage can depend on a number of factors including the requirements of the patient, the severity of the condition being treated, and the pharmacological activity of the compound being used. The determination of optimum dosages for a particular patient is well-known to those skilled in the art.
The examples presented below are intended to illustrate particular embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the specification, including the claims, in any manner.
EXAMPLES General Synthetic Scheme
The compounds of Formula I can be prepared by any of several processes, utilizing readily available starting materials and methods well-known in organic chemistry. Scheme I below illustrates a typical method for making starting materials and the final products of Formula I. The invention compounds are generally prepared by reacting a substituted rhodanine with an aldehyde such as benzaldehyde.
Appropriately substituted amino benzaldehydes are prepared by reacting 4-fluorobenzaldehyde with an amine (HNR1R2) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. The reaction generally is carried out in a solvent such as dimethylacetamide or dimethylformamide. Many of the aryl aldehydes are commercially available.
N-substituted rhodanines also are commercially available, or they can be prepared by condensing carbon disulfide and chloroacetic acid with the appropriate amine. The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by condensation of an appropriately N-substituted rhodanine with an appropriately substituted aromatic aldehyde in refluxing glacial acetic acid in the presence of sodium acetate. Scheme 1
Figure imgf000020_0001
Figure imgf000021_0001
NaOAc, HOAc reflux
Figure imgf000021_0002
Figure imgf000021_0003
W is COOH or an ester group such as CO2CH2PI .
Example 1 (Z) [5-(4-Diethylamino-benzyIidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-acetic acid
Diethylaminobenzaldehyde (1.02 g, 5.75 mmol), rhodanine-3 -acetic acid (1.0 g, 5.22 mmol) and sodium acetate (1.28 g, 15.6 mmol) in acetic acid (10 mL) are heated to reflux for 15 hours with stirring. The reaction mixture is cooled, and the precipitated solids are collected by filtration, washed with water and dried under vacuum to provide 1.10 g of the title compound as a red solid; melting point (mp) 240°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C]6HιgN2θ3S2: Calculated: C, 54.84; H, 5.18; N, 7.99. Found: C, 54.95; H, 5.09; N, 7.84.
Example 2
(Z) [5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-acetic acid Example 2 was prepared according to Example 1, except that dibutylaminobenzaldehyde is substituted for diethylaminobenzaldehyde; mp 268-269°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C2()H26N2θ3S2-0.25 H2O: Calculated: C, 58.44; H, 6.50; N, 6.82. Found: C, 58.04; H, 6.40; N, 6.44.
Example 3
(Z) [5-(4-Dipropylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin-3-yI]-acetic acid
Step A:
Dipropylamine (10.9 mL, 80.0 mmol), 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (4.2 mL, 40.0 mmol), and potassium carbonate (6.62 g, 48.0 mmol) in dimethylacetamide
(20 mL) are heated to 95 °C for 3 days with vigorous stirring. The reaction mixture is cooled, diluted with water (200 mL), and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic extract is dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting oil is purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) on silica gel eluting with 5% ethyl acetate/hexane to give 1.42 g of dipropylaminobenzaldehyde as a yellow oil.
Step B:
Example 3 was prepared according to Example 1, except that dipropylaminobenzaldehyde is substituted for diethylaminobenzaldehyde; mp 233°C. Elemental analysis calculated for Ci 8H22 2O3S2: Calculated: C, 57.12;
H, 5.86; N, 7.40. Found: C, 57.10; H, 5.79; N, 7.39.
Example 4 (Z) [5-(4-Diisobutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- acetic acid Example 4 was prepared according to Example 3, except that diisobutylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 234°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C2θH26N2θ3S -0.1 H20: Calculated: C, 58.82; H, 6.75; N, 6.86. Found: C, 58.43; H, 6.25; N, 6.57. Example 5 (Z) [5-(4-Dipentylamino-benzyIidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin-3-yl]-acetic acid
Example 5 was prepared according to Example 3, except that dipentylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 195-196°C.
Elemental analysis calculated for C22H30N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 60.80; H, 6.96; N, 6.45. Found: C, 60.60; H, 6.82; N, 6.30.
Example 6 (Z) (5-{4-[Bis-(3-methyI-butyl)-amino]-benzyIidene}-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl)-acetic acid
Example 6 was prepared according to Example 3, except that diisoamylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 257°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C22H3()N2θ3S2-0.15 H2O: Calculated: C, 60.42; H, 6.98; N, 6.41. Found: C, 60.06; H, 6.83; N, 6.23.
Example 7
(Z) [5-(4-Azepan-l-yI-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-acetic acid
Example 7 was prepared according to Example 3, except that hexamethyleneimine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 275°C. Elemental analysis calculated for Cι H2()N2θ3S2: Calculated: C, 57.42; H, 5.35;
N, 7.44. Found: C, 57.25; H, 5.29; N, 7.37.
Example 8 (Z) [5-(4-Dihexylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-acetic acid Example 8 was prepared according to Example 3, except that dihexylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 152-153°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C24H34N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 62.30; H, 7.41; N, 6.05. Found: C, 62.05; H, 7.31; N, 5.87. Example 9 (Z) {5-[4-(MethyI-octyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}- acetic acid
Example 9 was prepared according to Example 3, except that N-methyl-N- octylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 203-204°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C21H28N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 59.97; H, 6.71; N, 6.66. Found: C, 59.90; H, 6.62; N, 6.50.
Example 10 (Z) {5-[4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazoIidin-3-yl}-acetic acid
Example 10 was prepared according to Example 3, except that perhydroisoquinoline is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 234°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C21H24N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 60.55; H, 5.81; N, 6.72. Found: C, 60.40; H, 5.82; N, 6.60.
Example 11
(Z) {5- [4-(Cy clopropylmethyl-propyl-amino)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid
Example 11 was prepared according to Example 3, except that N-propylcyclopropanemethylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 289°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C19H22N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 58.44;
H, 5.68; N, 7.17. Found: C, 56.65; H, 5.46; N, 6.92.
Example 12 (Z) {5- [4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl}-acetic acid Example 12 was prepared according to Example 3, except that
N-methylhexylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 207-208°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C19H24N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 58.14; H, 6.16; N, 7.14. Found: C, 58.42; H, 6.26; N, 6.89. Example 13 (Z) {5-[4-(Methyl-phenethyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl} -acetic acid
Example 13 was prepared according to Example 3, except that N-methylphenethylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp
263-264°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C21H20N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 61.14; H, 4.89; N, 6.79. Found: C, 61.12; H, 4.93; N, 6.68
Example 14 (Z) {5-[4-(3-Aza-spiro[5.5]undec-3-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazo!idin-3-yl}-acetic acid
Example 14 was prepared according to Example 3, except that 3-azaspiro(5.5)undecane is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 265°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C22H26N2°3S2: Calculated: C, 61.37; H, 6.09; N, 6.51. Found: C, 61.37; H, 6.13; N, 6.42.
Example 15
(Z) 3-[5-(4-DibutyIamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin-3-yl]- propionic acid
Example 15 was prepared according to Example 2, except that N-carboxyethylrhodanine is substituted for rhodanine-3 -acetic acid; mp 164-165°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C21H28N2O3S2: Calculated: C,
59.97; H, 6.71; N, 6.66. Found: C, 58.84; H, 6.38; N, 6.61.
Example 16 (Z) {5-[4-(ButyI-methyI-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yI}- acetic acid Example 16 was prepared according to Example 3, except that
N-methylbutylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 223 °C. Elemental analysis calculated for C17H20 2O3S2: Calculated: C, 56.02; H, 5.53; N, 7.69. Found: C, 56.33; H, 5.56; N, 7.66. WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-25- Example 17 (Z) {5-[4-(Butyl-ethyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin-3-yl}- acetic acid
Example 17 was prepared according to Example 3, except that N-ethylbutylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 206°C.
Elemental analysis calculated for C18H22 2O3S2: Calculated: C, 57.12; H, 5.86; N, 7.40. Found: C, 57.24; H, 5.84; N, 7.37.
Example 18 (Z) {5-[4-(Benzyl-butyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}- acetic acid
Example 18 was prepared according to Example 3, except that N-benzylbutylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 205°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C23H24N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 62.70; H, 5.49; N, 6.36. Found: C, 63.10; H, 5.51; N, 6.28.
Example 19
(Z) [5-(4-Dioctylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-acetic acid
Example 19 was prepared according to Example 3, except that dioctylamine is substituted for dipropylamine in Step A; mp 140-145°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C28H42N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 64.83; H, 8.16;
N, 5.40. Found: C, 64.51; H, 8.17; N, 5.28.
Example 20 (Z) 4-{5-[4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-benzyIidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin- 3-yl}-butyric acid
Step A:
To a mixture of carbon disulfide (10.9 mL, 0.18 mol) and ammonium hydroxide (40 mL) at 0°C is added ethyl-4-aminobutyrate (24.2 g, 0.14 mol). The reaction mixture is warmed to room temperature and stirred for 18 hours. The resulting dithiocarbamate is collected on a filter, washed with a small amount of WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-26- diethyl ether, and dried. This dithiocarbamate (10.75 g, 0.048 mol) is added slowly to a cold (0°C) solution of sodium chloroacetate (5.82 g, 0.050 mol) in water (10 mL) made basic with sodium carbonate. The reaction mixture is warmed to room temperature and poured into a warm (70°C) HC1 solution (80 mL, 7 M) and heated to 90°C for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture is cooled, the product collected on a filter, washed with water, and dried to give 8.08 g of rhodanine-3 -butyric acid.
Step B:
Example 20 was prepared according to Example 12, except that rhodanine- 3-butyric acid is substituted for rhodanine-3 -acetic acid; mp 147-150°C.
Elemental analysis calculated for C21H28N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 59.97; H, 6.71; N, 6.66. Found: C, 57.98; H, 6.45; N, 6.38.
Example 21 (Z) 3- {5- [4-(Hexy l-methyl-amino)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl}-propionic acid
Example 21 was prepared according to Example 1 except that 4-(«- hexylmethylamino)benzaldehyde and N-carboxyethylrhodanine are used; mp 169-173°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C2()H26N2θ3S2-0.21 H2O:
Calculated: C, 58.54; H, 6.49; N, 6.83. Found: C, 58.55; H, 6.44; N, 6.71.
Example 22
(Z) 3-[5-(4-Dipentylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- propionic acid
Example 22 was prepared according to Example 1 except 4-(dipentylamino)benzaldehyde and N-carboxyethylrhodanine are used; mp 127-130°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C23H32N2O3S2-0.27 H2O:
Calculated: C, 60.91; H, 7.23; N, 6.18. Found: C, 60.91; H, 7.20; N, 6.09. Example 23 (Z) 4-[5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- butyric acid
Example 23 was prepared according to Example 20 except 4-(dibutylamino)benzaldehyde is substituted for 4-(«-hexylmethylamino)- benzaldehyde; mp 145-148°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C22H30N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 60.80; H, 6.96; N, 6.45. Found: C, 60.59; H, 6.88; N, 6.33.
Example 24 (Z) 4- [5-(4-Dipentylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl] - butyric acid
Example 24 was prepared according to Example 20 except 4-(dipentylamino)benzaldehyde is substituted for 4-(«-hexylmethylamino)- benzaldehyde; mp 132-133°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C24H34N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 62.30; H, 7.41; N, 6.05. Found: C, 62.10; H, 7.28; N, 5.85.
Example 25
(Z) 2-[5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzyIidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin-3-yl]- propionic acid
Example 25 was prepared according to Example 20 except dl-alanine is substituted for ethyl-4-aminobutyrate in Step A and 4-(dibutylamino)- benzaldehyde is substituted for 4-(«-hexylmethylamino)benzaldehyde in Step B; mp 168-169°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C21H28N2O3S2: Calculated: C, 59.97; H, 6.71; N, 6.66. Found: C, 60.11; H, 6.93; N, 6.76.
Example 26 (Z) 2-[5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- 3-phenyl-propionic acid
Example 26 was prepared according to Example 20 except dl-phenylalanine is substituted for ethy-4-aminobutyrate in Step A and 4-(dibutylamino)benzaldehyde is substituted for 4-(«-hexylmethylamino)- benzaldehyde in Step B; mp 205°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C27H32N2O3S2T.OC2H4O2: Calculated: C, 62.56; H, 6.52; N, 5.03. Found: C, 62.72; H, 6.69; N, 5.11.
Example 27 (Z) 2-[5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]- 3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-propionic acid
Example 27 was prepared according to Example 20 except dl-histidine is substituted for ethyl-4-aminobutyrate in Step A and 4-(dibutylamino)- benzaldehyde is substituted for 4-(«-hexylmethylamino)benzaldehyde in Step B; mp 280-281°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C24H30N4O3S2: Calculated: C, 59.23; H, 6.21; N, 11.51. Found: C, 59.02; H, 6.09; N, 11.30.
Example 28 (Z) {5-[4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-naphthalen-l-ylmethylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid
Step A: N-Methylhexylamine (6.5 mL, 43.0 mmol), 4-fluoro-l-naphthaldehyde
(5.0 g, 28.7 mmol, prepared according to J. Org. Chem. 1995;60:6592-6594) and potassium carbonate (4.75 g, 34.4 mmol) in dimethylacetamide (10 mL) are heated to 95°C for 3 days with vigorous stirring. The reaction mixture is cooled, diluted with water (100 mL) and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic extract is dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting oil is purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) on silica gel eluting with 5% ethyl acetate/hexane to give 5.94 g of 4-(«-hexylmethylamino)- 1-naphthaldehyde as a yellow oil.
Step B: Example 28 was prepared according to Example 1 except that 4-(«- hexylmethylamino)-l-naphthaldehyde is substituted for diethylaminobenzaldehyde; mp 132°C. Elemental analysis calculated for C23H26 2O3S2: Calculated: C, 62.42; H, 5.92; N, 6.33. Found: C, 62.65; H, 5.99; N, 6.12. WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-29- The following additional invention compounds (Examples 29-71) were prepared according to the general procedures described above:
Example 29 (Z) [4-Oxo-5-(4-pyrrolidin-l-yI-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-acetic acid, mp 266-268°C, MS 349 (M+).
Example 30 (Z) {5-[4-(4-ButyI-piperazin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3- yl}-acetic acid, mp 273°C, MS 420 (M+).
Example 31 (Z) (4-Oxo-5-{4-[4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperidine-l-yl]-benzylidene}-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl)-acetic acid, mp 158-159°C, MS 481 (M+).
Example 32 (Z) {5-[4-(Octahydro-isoquinoIin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid, mp 247-248°C, MS 417 (M+).
Example 33
(Z) {5-[4-(3-Aza-spiro[5.5]undec-3-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-propionic acid, mp 258°C, MS 445 (M+).
Example 34 (Z) 3-[4-Oxo-5-(4-perhydro-azepin-l-yl-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl]-propionic acid, mp 233°C, MS 391 (M+).
Example 35 (Z) 4-{5-[4-(3-Aza-spiro[5.5]undec-3-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid, mp 180°C, MS 459 (M+). WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-30- Example 36 (Z) {4-Oxo-5-[4-(4-propyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid, mp 260°C, MS 405 (M+).
Example 37 (Z) 3-{4-Oxo-5-[4-(4-propyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-propionic acid, mp 236°C, MS 419 (M+).
Example 38 (Z) {4-Oxo-5-[4-(4-propyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzyIidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid, mp 181°C, MS 433 (M+).
Example 39
(Z) [5-(l-Butyl-l,2,3>4-tetrahydro-quinolin-6-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl] -acetic acid
Step A:
A mixture of quinoline (3.23 g, 25 mmol) and n-butyl bromide (4.11 g, 30 mmol) are heated to 100°C for 13 hours. Toluene (10 mL) is added to the resulting purple solid. This solid is triturated to a coarse powder, collected, and washed with additional toluene to give 4.89 g of the quinolinium salt.
Step B:
To a solution of this salt (4.89 g, 18.2 mmol) in EtOH (50 mL) is added platinum oxide (240 mg) and stirred under 1 atm of H2 for 5 hours. The catalyst is removed by filtration through Celite and washed with EtOH. The filtrate is concentrated and the residue dissolved in 0.3N HCI. The aqueous solution is washed with EtOAc, neutralized with IN NaOH, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic extract is washed with brine, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated to give 2.7 g of 1 -butyl- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoline as a slightly colored oil. WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-31- Step C:
Phosphorus oxychloride (1.57 mL, 16.8 mmol) is added dropwise to DMF (2.0 mL), and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. To this mixture is added dropwise 1 -butyl- 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-quinoline (2.65 g, 14 mmol) in DMF (2.3 mL) over a period of 10 minutes. After the initial exothermic reaction ceases, the mixture is heated to 60°C for 20 minutes then poured onto ice (50 g). To the mixture is added IN NaOH (120 mL), and the resulting heterogeneous mixture is stirred vigorously for 10 minutes and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer is washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting oil is purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) on silica gel eluting with 5% ethyl acetate/hexane to give 2.61 g of 1 -butyl- 1, 2,3, 4-tetrahydro-quinoline-6-carboxaldehyde as a yellow oil.
Step D: 1 -Butyl- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydro-quinoline-6-carboxaldehyde is reacted with rhodanine-3 -acetic acid as previously described to obtain Example 39 as a purple solid; mp 222-224°C, MS 391 (M+).
Example 40 (Z) 3-{5-[(4aS,8aR)-4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-propionic acid, mp 237°C, MS 431 (M+).
Example 41 (Z) 4- {5- [(4aS,8aR)-4-(Octahy dro-isoquinolin-2-y l)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid, mp 186°C, MS 445 (M+).
Example 42 (Z) [4-Oxo-5-(4-piperidin-l-yI-benzyIidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3- yl]acetic acid, mp 243°C, MS 363 (M+). WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-32- Example 43 (Z) {5-[(4aS,8aS)-4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yI}-propionic acid, mp 215°C, MS 431 (M+).
Example 44 (Z) 4-[4-Oxo-5-(4-perhydro-azepin-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3- yl]-butyric acid, mp 185°C, MS 405 (M+).
Example 45 (Z) 4-{5-[(4aS,8aS)-4-(Octahydro-isoquinoIin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid, mp 173°C, MS 445 (M+).
Example 46
(Z) 3-[4-Oxo-5-(4-piperidine-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin-3- yl]propionic acid, mp 252°C, MS 377 (M+).
Example 47 (Z) 4-[4-Oxo-5-(4-piperidine-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3- yl]butyric acid, mp 181 °C, MS 391 (M+).
Example 48 (Z) [4-Oxo-5-(4-azocan-l-yl)-benzyIidene-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin-3-yl]-acetic acid, mp 274°C, MS 391 (M+).
Example 49 (Z) {5-[4-(4-Ethyl-4-methyl-piperidin-l-yI)-benzyIidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid, mp 258°C, MS 405 (M+).
Example 50 (Z) 3-{5-[4-(4-Ethyl-4-methyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-propionic acid, mp 237°C, MS 419 (M+). WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-33- Example 51 (Z) {5-[4-(4-Cyclohexylmethyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yI}-acetic acid, mp 225°C, MS 459 (M+).
Example 52 (Z) [5-(l-ButyI-2,3-dihydro-lH-indol-5-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl] -acetic acid
Step A:
Phosphorus oxychloride (0.69 mL, 7.14 mmol) is added dropwise to DMF (1.09 mL), and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. To this mixture is added dropwise 1-butylindoline (1.18 g, 6.74 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) over a period of 10 minutes. After the initial exothermic reaction ceases, the mixture is heated to 60°C for 20 minutes then poured onto ice. To the mixture is added IN NaOH (80 mL), and the resulting heterogeneous mixture is stirred vigorously for 10 minutes and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer is washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting oil is purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) on silica gel eluting with 5% ethyl acetate/hexane to give 0.792 g of 1 -butylindoline- 5-carboxaldehyde as a yellow oil.
Step B: l-Butylindoline-5-carboxaldehyde is reacted with rhodanine-3-acetic acid as previously described to obtain Example 52 as a solid; mp >250°C, MS 377
(M+).
Example 53 (Z) 4-{5-[4-(4-Ethyl-4-methyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid, mp 162°C, MS 433 (M+).
Example 54 (Z) 3-{5-[4-(4-Cyclohexylmethyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-propionic acid, mp 205°C, MS 473 (M+). WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-34- Example 55 (Z) 3-{5-[4-(4-Benzyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl}-propionic acid, mp 202°C, MS 467 (M+).
.Example 56 (Z) {5-[4-(4-Benzyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3- yl}-acetic acid, mp 221°C, MS 453 (M+).
Example 57 (Z) 4-[4-Oxo-5-(4-azocan-l-yI-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiozolidin-3-yl]butyric acid, mp 199°C, MS 419 (M+).
Example 58
(Z) 4-{5-[4-(4-Benzyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yI}-butyric acid, mp 147°C, MS 481 (M+).
Example 59 (Z) 4-{5-[4-(4-Cyclohexylmethyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid, mp 168°C, MS 487 (M+).
Example 60 (Z) 3-[4-Oxo-5-(4-azocan-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3- yl]propionic acid, mp 224°C, MS 405 (M+).
Example 61 (Z) 3-[5-(l-Butyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-6-ylmethyIene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl]-propionic acid, mp 214-215°C, MS 405 (M+).
Example 62 (Z) 4-[5-(l-Butyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-6-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl]-butyric acid, mp 152-154°C, MS 419 (M+). WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-35- Example 63 (Z) {5-[4-(4-Hexyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3- yl}-acetic acid, mp 180°C, MS 447 (M+).
Example 64 (Z) 3-{5-[4-(4-Hexyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-
3-yl}-propionic acid, mp 190-191°C, MS 461 (M+).
Example 65 (Z) 4-{5-[4-(4-HexyI-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin- 3-yl}-butyric acid, mp 192-193°C, MS 475 (M+).
Example 66
(Z) {5-[4-(4-Butyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzyIidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3- yl}-acetic acid
Example 67 (Z) 3-{5-[4-(4-Butyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl}-propionic acid
Example 68 (Z) 4-{5-[4-(4-Butyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl}-butyric acid
Example 69 (Z) {5-[4-(4-Pentyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazoIidin-
3-yl}-acetic acid, mp 221°C, MS 419 (M+).
Example 70 (Z) 3-{5-[4-(4-Pentyl-pyrroIidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-propionic acid, mp 222°C, MS 433 (M+). WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-36- Example 71 (Z) 4-{5-[4-(4-Pentyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid, mp 17FC, MS 447 (M+).
BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES Invention compounds of Formula I have been evaluated in several standard in vitro and in vivo assays which are well-established as indicative of clinical usefulness in treating Alzheimer's disease and other conditions associated with amyloid formation.
AMYLOID ASSAYS
BASSR (Beta-Amyloid Self-Seeding Radioassav
An assay for inhibitors of self-seeded amyloid fibril growth
Materials:
Stock Solutions: Assay Buffer - 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 0.02% NaN3, 1 M urea (filter and store at 4°C)
Soluble A β( 1-40) peptide (Bachem, Torrance, CA) - 2.2 mg/mL in deionized H2O (stored in aliquots at -20°C, keep on ice when thawed) will self-seed after 1 week storage. Typically, the solution should be stored until no lag phase is seen in the assay.
125I-labeledAβ (1-40) - 150K to 350K cpm/μL in 100% acetonitrile- 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)-1% β-mercaptoethanol (aliquots stored at -20°C). 125j_ιabeιe(i A ?(l-40) can be made in accordance with the procedure set forth by H. Levine, III in Neurobiol. Aging, 16:755 (1995), which is hereby incorporated by reference, or this reagent may be purchased from Amersham, Arlington Heights, Illinois. WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-37- Final assay conditions: 30 μM soluble A/? (1-40) in deionized water in assay buffer + 20K to 50K cpm 125I-labeled Aβ (1-40) per assay. Compound to be tested is dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), typically 5 to 50 mM stock, such that the final concentration of DMSO is <1% v/v in the assay.
Assay: Reaction mixture for 50 assays (on ice) is comprised of 0.1-0.2 μL of
125I-labeled A125I-labeledAβ(X- 40) + 1 μL of soluble /? (1-40) + 13.5 μL assay buffer per assay. The following are the amounts of the components of the reaction mixture sufficient for 50 assay wells.
5-10 μL 125I-labeled ?(l-40) dried down 675 μL assay buffer
50 μL soluble Aβ(X-40)
Assay Method
1) Prepare reaction mixture above by mixing components and storing on ice.
2) Pipet 14.5 μL of reaction mixture into each of 50 wells on a polypropylene U-bottom 96-well microtiter plate on ice. (Costar 3794).
3) Add 1.7 μL of diluted compound to be tested to each well in a column of eight, including solvent control. Serial 3-fold dilutions from 1 mM (100 μM final) in assay buffer-urea = 7 dilutions + zero. Each 96-well plate can therefore accommodate 11 samples + 1 Congo Red control (0.039-5 μM final in 2-fold steps).
4) Seal the plate with aluminum film (Beckman 538619) and incubate for 10 minutes on ice.
5) Raise the temperature to 37°C and incubate for 3 to 5 hours (depending on the lot of the peptide). 6) Remove the aluminum film and add 200 μL/well of ice cold assay buffer with urea, collecting the radiolabeled fibrils by vacuum filtration through 0.2 μm pore size GNWP filters in 96-well plates (Millipore MAGN Ν22, Bedford, MA). Determine the radioactivity of the filters using standard methods well-known to those skilled in the art. WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-38- BASST (Beta-Amyloid Self-seeding. ThioflavinD
An assay for inhibitors of self-seeded amyloid fibril growth
METHODS: Materials: Stock Solutions:
Assay Buffer - 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 0.02% NaN3,
1 M urea (filter and store at 4°C)
Soluble Aβ (1-40) - 2.2 mg/mL in deionized H2O (store in aliquots at -20°C, keep on ice when thawed) will self seed after 1 week storage. Typically, the solution should be stored until no lag phase is seen in the assay.
Final assay conditions: 30μM soluble Aβ{X-4i)) in deionized water in assay buffer. Compound to be tested is dissolved in DMSO, typically 5 to 50 mM stock, such that the final concentration of DMSO is <1% v/v in the assay.
Assay: Reaction mixture for 50 assays (on ice) comprised of 1 μL of soluble Aβ{X-4J) + 13.5 μL assay buffer per assay. The following are the amounts of the components of the reaction mixture that result in each of the 50 assay wells.
50 μL soluble )0 (1-40) 675 μL assay buffer
Assay Method 1) Prepare the reaction mix above by mixing the components and storing on ice.
2) Pipet 14.5 μL of reaction mixture into each of 50 wells of a polystyrene U-bottom 96-well microtiter plate (Corning 25881-96) on ice.
3) Add 1.7 μL of diluted compound to be tested to each well in a column of eight, including solvent control. Serial 3-fold dilutions from 1 mM (100 μM final) in assay buffer-urea = 7 dilutions + zero. Each 96-well plate can therefore accommodate 11 samples + 1 Congo Red control (0.039-5 μM final in 2-fold steps). 4) Seal the plate with aluminum film and incubate for 10 minutes on ice.
5) Raise the temperature to 37°C and incubate for 3 to 5 hours (depends on the lot of the peptide).
6) Remove the aluminum film and add 250 μL/well of 5 μM thioflavin T (ThT) [T-3516, Sigma-Aldrich] in 50 mM glycine-NaOH, pH 8.5. Read fluorescence on a plate reader (ex = 440 nm/20 nm ; em = 485 nm/20 nm) within 5 minutes.
BAPA (Beta-Amyloid Peptide Aggregation')
This assay is used to provide a measure of inhibition by a compound against the aggregation behavior of the beta amyloid peptide.
The purpose of this assays is to provide a higher volume method of assaying the amount of beta amyloid aggregation using an endpoint assay based on filtration. In this assay, hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is used to break down the initial amyloid peptide to a monomer state and use a concentration of 33 μM which is high enough so that aggregation will occur at pH 6.0 in several hours.
METHODS:
β-Amyloid Peptide Aggregation, pH 6.0 (BAPA
In a 96-well plate (Costar 3794), we add 25 μL 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.0, 10 μL 0.5 mg/mL Aβ (1-40) peptide in 20% HFIP + 0.1 μL/assay radioiodinated 125I Aβ (1-40) [125I Aβ(l-40)], and 1 μL of the compound to be tested starting at 50 mM with a concentration of DMSO <1%. Then, we incubate for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature. We stop the reaction with 200 μL of 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.0, and filter it through a 0.2 μm 96-well filter plate (Millipore MAGU N22). We wash the filter plate with 100 μL of the same phosphate buffer. Aggregation was detected on a Microbeta counter after impregnating the filters with Meltilex (1450-441) and is corrected for background. WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-40- BATYM ASSAY
METHODS:
Required Aβ (1-42) (California Peptide) was dried from its hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) stock solution. The Aβ (1-42) was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and then mixed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS)
(pH 7.4). The mixed Aβ (1-42) solution was filtered with a 0.2 μm Omnipore membrane syringe filter (Millipore, Bedford, MA). The compound to be tested in DMSO (50 times concentrate) was put into each well (0.5 μL/well) of a 96-well plate. The Aβ (1-42) solution was added into each well (24.5 μL/well). The plate was centrifuged at 1,000 g for 5 minutes and incubated at 37°C for 1 day (Aβl-42; final concentration 100 μM).
After incubation, Thioflavin T (ThT) (30 μM) solution in glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 8.5, 50 mM) was added into each well (250 μL/well), fluorescence was measured (ex. 440/20 nm, em; 485/20 nm) using a fluorescence plate reader. The inhibitory activity was calculated as the reduction of fluorescence with the following formula:
Inhibition (%) = {(F(Aβ)-F(Aβ+compound)}/{F(Aβ)-F(solvent+compound)} x 100 .
The IC5o's were calculated by a curve fitting program using the following equation. The data were obtained from two different experiments in triplicate.
Inhibition(x) = 100-100/ {l+(x/IC50)n}. x = concentration of tested compound (M). IC50 = (M). n = Hill coefficient.
Representative compounds of Formula I have exhibited inhibitory activities (IC50) ranging from about 0.1 μM to greater than 100 μM in the foregoing assays. The results of these assays for specific representative compounds of the present invention are shown in the table below. Amyloid Inhibition
Example BASST BAYTM BASSR BAPA
No. IC50 μM IC50 μM IC50 μM IC50 μM
1 12.4 31.4 65.3 11.3
2 1.5 3.95 36 >60
3 3 41 15
4 2 31 12
5 2 2.17 7 8
6 3 2.35 10 13.5
7 8 12.4 10 74
8 1.5 1.63 12 56
9 1.2 1.73 8 37
10 4.2 3.98 3 71
11 7 9.72 17.5 23.5
12 6 4.09 31 9.5
13 3 62.5 17.7
14 1 3.13 10 7.5
15 33.7 3.33 11.4 44
16 5 33.5 56
17 5 9.46 15 53
18 0.2 2.58 13 43
19 18 10 39
20 0.4 1.6 4.5 33
21 0.2 3.1 11 14
22 2 2.03 7.5 7
23 2 2.64 2 4
24 1.8 1.95 5 3
25 6 3.72 10.5
26 1 2.30 3
27 30 8.46 20
28 1 1.61 25 33
29 10, 6 >100 >60
30 30 >100 >100 11, 8
31 0.3 80 51
32 1, 0.9 2.84 8, 2 >60, >60
33 0.6 2.63 2.2 33, >60
34 1 6.18 10 >60, 63
35 0.2 1.88 1.8 >60, >100 Amyloid Inhibition (cont'd)
Example BASST BAYTM BASSR BAPA
No. IC50 μM IC50 μM IC50 μM IC50 μM
36 1.1 3.99 0.7 59, >60
37 0.4 2.74 3 55, 79
38 0.2 3.17 1 >60, 69
39 2 5.05 12 101
40 0.4, 0.8 3.81 52, 55, 30 98
41 0.5, 0.3 4.03 12, 18, 11 50
42 8 26.5 >100 5
43 0.3 2.28 18, 15 7
44 0.7 5.45 19, 20 6
45 0.3 1.87 10, 8 7
46 3 13.9 >100 5
47 1.8 8.02 75, 60 12
48 1 7.64 12 8
49 1.2 4.36 60 7
50 0.2 4.52 19 80
51 0.2 2.56 15 71
52 3 11.5 >100 30
53 0.3 3.21 >100 40
54 2 2.76 75 >60, >100
55 0.7, 0.2 2.87 15, 8 >60
56 0.1 4.31 >100 38
57 0.3 5.17 12 40
58 0.2 3.02 6 63
59 0.2 3.23 4.2 88
60 0.6 7.27 70 72
61 1.5 4.22 4.8 30
62 1 5.08 3.5 60
63 0.5 2.64 25 >60
64 0.6 2.84 21 >60
65 0.3 2.21 >100 >60
The invention compounds have also shown good activity in standard in vivo mouse assays commonly used to evaluate agents to treat diseases related to aggregation of amyloid proteins, especially Alzheimer's disease. Such assays are WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-43- described by Axelrod et al., Lab. Invest. 1982;47(2):139-146; and by Stenstad et al., J. Biochem. 1994;303(Pt 2):663-670. In one assay, amyloid protein is induced into the spleen of mice by subcutaneous injections of silver nitrate, Freund's complete adjuvant, and an intravenous injection of amyloid enhancing factor. Silver nitrate is administered each day through Day 11. Test compounds are administered to the mice daily starting on Day 1 through Day 11. On Day 12, the animals are sacrificed, and the spleens are removed, histologically prepared, stained with Congo red, and the percent area of the spleen occupied by birefringent, Congo red - stained amyloid is quantitated microscopically. Invention compounds evaluated in this test have shown good inhibition of splenic amyloid deposition relative to untreated controls.
Another in vivo assay in which the invention compounds have been evaluated uses transgenic mice. The mice bear a human β-amyloid precursor protein transgene with a prion promoter, as descried by Hsiao et al, "Correlative Memory Deficits, Aβ Elevation, and Amyloid Plaques in Transgenic Mice,"
Science 1996;274:99-102. These transgenic mice develop β-amyloid deposits at about 9 months of age. By 15 months, diffuse and compact senile plaques are abundant, primarily in the neocortex, olfactory bulb, and hippocampus. Invention compounds are administered orally to the mice beginning at the age of 8 months (just prior to the onset of amyloid deposits) and continuing for several months (up to about age 14-18 months). The animals are then sacrificed, and the brains are removed. The amount of amyloid in the brain is quantitated both histologically and biochemically. Invention compounds evaluated in this model have shown good inhibition of amyloid accumulation in the cortex and hippocampus relative to untreated controls.
The foregoing data establish that invention compounds of Formula I are potent inhibitors of protein aggregation, and are thus useful in treating diseases associated with amyloid deposits and to image amyloid deposits for diagnostic use. The compounds typically will be used in the form of pharmaceutical formulations for therapeutic use, and the following examples further illustrate typical compositions. WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-44- Example 72
Tablet Formulation
Ingredient Amount
Compound of Example 1 50 mg
Lactose 80mg
Cornstarch (for mix) 10 mg
Cornstarch (for paste) 8 mg
Magnesium Stearate (1%) 2 mg
150 mg
The compound of Example 1 is mixed with the lactose and cornstarch (for mix) and blended to uniformity to a powder. The cornstarch (for paste) is suspended in 6 mL of water and heated with stirring to form a paste. The paste is added to the mixed powder, and the mixture is granulated. The wet granules are passed through a No. 8 hard screen and dried at 50°C. The mixture is lubricated with 1% magnesium stearate and compressed into a tablet. The tablets are administered to a patient at the rate of 1 to 4 each day for prevention of amyloid and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Example 73
Parenteral Solution
In a solution of 700 mL of propylene glycol and 200 mL of water for injection is added 20.0 g of the compound of Example 26. The mixture is stirred and the pH is adjusted to 5.5 with hydrochloric acid. The volume is adjusted to 1000 mL with water for injection. The solution is sterilized, filled into 5.0 mL ampoules, each containing 2.0 mL (40 mg of Example 26), and sealed under nitrogen. The 10 solution is administered by injection to a patient suffering from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and in need of treatment.
Example 74 Patch Formulation
Ten milligrams of (Z) 4-{5-[4-(4-benzylpiperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4- oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidine-3-yl}butyric acid is mixed with 1 mL of propylene WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-45- glycol and 2 mg of acrylic-based polymer adhesive containing a resinous cross- linking agent. The mixture is applied to an impermeable backing (30 cm2) and applied to the upper back of a patient for sustained release treatment of amyloid polyneuropathy. The invention and the manner and process of making and using it are now described in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person killed in the art to which it pertains, to make and use the same. It is to be understood that the foregoing describes preferred embodiments of the present invention and that modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims. To particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter regarded as invention, the following claims conclude this specification.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:
1. A compound of the Formula I
Figure imgf000047_0001
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein: X is
Figure imgf000047_0002
each n is independently 1 to 3 inclusive; χl and X2 are independently hydrogen or Cj-Cg alkyl, or -(CH2)y-Z; y is 0 to 4 inclusive;
Z is hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, Cj-Cg perfluoroalkyl,
C2-C8 alkenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, -OH, -OCι-C8 alkyl, -SCi-Cg alkyl,-SO3H, -CO2H,
O O
II II
-CO2C!-Cg alkyl, -CNH2, -CNH(Cι -Cgalkyl), O
-CN(Cι-C8alkyl)2, -NH2, -NH(Cι -Cgalkyl), O
II
-N(Cι-Cgalkyl)2, -NCC^-Cg alkyl, guanidinyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, or indolyl; Rl and R2 are independently C\ -Cgalkyl or -(CH2)n-C3-C6cycloalkyl, -(CH2)n-phenyl, or Rl and R2 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a cyclic structure selected from
Figure imgf000048_0001
Figure imgf000048_0002
where R^ and R^ independently are hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, (CH2)n- phenyl, or (CH2)n-cycloalkyl; R^ is hydrogen, Ci -Cg alkyl, halogen or -CF3; and each m is 2 to 8 inclusive.
The compounds:
(Z) [5 -(4-Diethylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl]-acetic acid;
(Z) [5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl]-acetic acid;
(Z) [5-(4-Dipropylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl]-acetic acid;
(Z) [5-(4-Diisobutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl]-acetic acid;
(Z) [5-(4-Dipentylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl]-acetic acid;
(Z) (5- {4-[Bis-(3 -methyl-butyl)-amino] -benzylidene } -4-oxo- 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl)-acetic acid;
(Z) [5-(4-Azepan- 1 -yl-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl]-acetic acid; (Z) [5-(4-Dihexylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3 -yl] -acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Methyl-octyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid; or (Z) {5-[4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-
2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid.
3. The compounds:
(Z) {5-[4-(Cyclopropylmethyl-propyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo- 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl } -acetic acid; (Z) {5-[4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Methyl-phenethyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) { 5- [4-(3- Aza-spiro [5.5]undec-3-yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo- 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl } -acetic acid;
(Z) 3-[5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl]-propionic acid;
(Z) { 5-[4-(Butyl-methyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid; (Z) {5-[4-(Butyl-ethyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Benzyl-butyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) [5-(4-Dioctylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl]-acetic acid;
(Z) 4- { 5-[4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -butyric acid;
(Z) 3-{5-[4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid; (Z) 3-[5-(4-Dipentylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl]-propionic acid; (Z) 4- [5 -(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl]-butyric acid;
(Z) 4-[5-(4-Dipentylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl] -butyric acid; (Z) 2-[5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-
3 -yl] -propionic acid;
(Z) 2- [5 -(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl]-3-phenyl-propionic acid;
(Z) 2- [5-(4-Dibutylamino-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl]-3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-propionic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Hexyl-methyl-amino)-naphthalen-l -ylmethylene]-4- oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid;
(Z) [4-Oxo-5-(4-pyrrolidin-l -yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3-yl]-acetic acid; (Z) { 5- [4-(4-Butyl-piperazin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) (4-Oxo-5-{4-[4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperidine-l-yl]- benzylidene}-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)-acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) 3 - { 5- [4-(3 -Aza-spiro [5.5 ]undec-3 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl } -propionic acid;
(Z) 3-[4-Oxo-5-(4-perhydro-azepin-l -yl-benzylidene)-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl] -propionic acid; (Z) 4-{5-[4-(3-Aza-spiro[5.5]undec-3-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid;
(Z) {4-Oxo-5-[4-(4-propyl-piperidin-l -yl)-benzylidene]-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) 3-{4-Oxo-5-[4-(4-propyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid;
(Z) 4-{4-Oxo-5-[4-(4-propyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -butyric acid; (Z) [5-(l-Butyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-6-ylmethylene)-4-oxo- 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl] -acetic acid;
(Z) 3- { 5-[(4aS,8aR)-4-(octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]- 4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid; (Z) 4-{5-[(4aS,8aR)-4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]-
4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid;
(Z) [4-Oxo-5 -(4-piperidin- 1 -yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin- 3 -yl} acetic acid;
(Z) 3-{5-[(4aS,8aS)-4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]- 4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid;
(Z) 4-[4-Oxo-5-(4-perhydro-azepin-l -yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl] -butyric acid;
(Z) 4- { 5-[(4aS,8aS)-4-(Octahydro-isoquinolin-2-yl)-benzylidene]- 4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid; (Z) 3-[4-Oxo-5-(4-piperidine-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl]propionic acid;
(Z) 4-[4-Oxo-5-(4-piperidine-l -yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} butyric acid;
(Z) { 5 - [(4-azocan- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3 - yl]-acetic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(4-Ethyl-4-methyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid;
(Z) 3- { 5-[4-(4-Ethyl-4-methyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo- 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid; (Z) {5-[4-(4-Cyclohexylmethyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4- oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid;
(Z) [5-(l-Butyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-indol-5-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl] -acetic acid;
(Z) 4- { 5- [4-(4-Ethyl-4-methyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo- 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3 -yl } -butyric acid;
(Z) 3- { 5-[4-(4-Cyclohexylmethyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene]-4- oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-propionic acid; (Z) 3 - { 5 - [4-(4-Benzyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(4-Benzyl-piperidin-l -yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid; (Z) 4-[4-Oxo-5-(4-azocan-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiozolidine-
3-yl]butyric acid;
(Z) 4- { 5-[4-(4-Benzyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -butyric acid;
(Z) 4- { 5- [4-(4-Cyclohexylmethyl-piperidin- 1 -y l)-benzylidene] -4- oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid;
(Z) 3-[4-Oxo-5-(4-perhydro-azacin-l-yl-benzylidene)-2-thioxo- thiazolidine-3-yl]propionic acid;
(Z) 3-[5-(l -Butyl- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-6-ylmethylene)-4- oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-propionic acid; (Z) 4-[5-(l-Butyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-6-ylmethylene)-4- oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-butyric acid;
(Z) { 5 - [4-(4-Hexyl-piperidin- 1 -y l)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) 3 - { 5 - [4-(4-Hexyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3 -yl} -propionic acid;
(Z) 4- { 5 - [4-(4-Hexyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl}-butyric acid;
(Z) {5-[4-(4-Butyl-piperidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -acetic acid; (Z) 3 - { 5- [4-(4-Butyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -propionic acid;
(Z) 4- { 5-[4-(3 -Butyl-piperidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3-yl} -butyric acid;
(Z) { 5 - [4-(3 -Pentyl-pyrr olidin- 1 -yl)-benzylidene] -4-oxo-2-thioxo- thiazolidin-3 -yl} -acetic acid;
(Z) 3-{5-[4-(3-Pentyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-propionic acid; (Z) 4-{5-[4-(3-Pentyl-pyrrolidin-l-yl)-benzylidene]-4-oxo-2- thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl} -butyric acid.
4. A method of treating Alzheimer's disease, the method comprising administering to a patient having Alzheimer's disease a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1.
5. A method of treating Alzheimer's disease, the method comprising administering to a patient having Alzheimer's disease a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 3.
6. A method of treating Alzheimer's disease, the method comprising administering to a patient having Alzheimer's disease a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 4.
7. A method of inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits, the method comprising administering to a patient in need of inhibition of amyloid protein aggregation an amyloid protein aggregation inhibiting amount of a compound of Claim 1.
8. A method of inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits, the method comprising administering to a patient in need of inhibition of amyloid protein aggregation an amyloid protein aggregation inhibiting amount of a compound of Claim 3.
9. A method of inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins to form amyloid deposits, the method comprising administering to a patient in need of inhibition of amyloid protein aggregation an amyloid protein aggregation inhibiting amount of a compound of Claim 4.
10. A method of imaging amyloid deposits, the method comprising the steps of: a. introducing into a patient a detectable quantity of a labeled compound of Claim 1; b. allowing sufficient time for the labeled compound to become associated with amyloid deposits; and c. detecting the labeled compound associated with the amyloid deposits.
11. A method of imaging amyloid deposits, the method comprising the steps of: a. introducing into a patient a detectable quantity of a labeled compound of Claim 3; b. allowing sufficient time for the labeled compound to become associated with amyloid deposits; and c. detecting the labeled compound associated with the amyloid deposits.
12. A method of imaging amyloid deposits, the method comprising the steps of: a. introducing into a patient a detectable quantity of a labeled compound of Claim 4; b. allowing sufficient time for the labeled compound to become associated with amyloid deposits; and c. detecting the labeled compound associated with the amyloid deposits.
13. The method of Claim 11 wherein the patient has or is suspected to have
Alzheimer's disease.
14. The method of Claim 12 wherein the patient has or is suspected to have Alzheimer's disease.
15. The method of Claim 13 wherein the patient has or is suspected to have Alzheimer's disease.
16. The method of Claim 11 wherein the labeled compound is a radiolabeled compound. WO 00/76987 PCT/USOO/l 5069
-54-
17. The method of Claim 12 wherein the labeled compound is a radiolabeled compound.
18. The method of Claim 13 wherein the labeled compound is a radiolabeled compound.
19. The method of Claim 11 wherein the labeled compound is detected using
MRI.
20. The method of Claim 12 wherein the labeled compound is detected using MRI.
21. The method of Claim 13 wherein the labeled compound is detected using MRI.
22. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Claim 1 together with an excipient, diluent, or carrier therefor.
23. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Claim 3 together with an excipient, diluent, or carrier therefor.
24. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Claim 4 together with an excipient, diluent, or carrier therefor.
PCT/US2000/015069 1999-06-10 2000-05-31 Rhodanine derivatives for use in a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation and imaging amyloid deposits WO2000076987A1 (en)

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AU53118/00A AU5311800A (en) 1999-06-10 2000-05-31 Rhodanine derivatives for use in a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation and imaging amyloid deposits
EP00938021A EP1192143A1 (en) 1999-06-10 2000-05-31 Rhodanine derivatives for use in a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation and imaging amyloid deposits
CA002374616A CA2374616A1 (en) 1999-06-10 2000-05-31 Rhodanine derivatives for use in a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation and imaging amyloid deposits
JP2001503845A JP2003502320A (en) 1999-06-10 2000-05-31 Rhodanin derivatives for use in a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation and imaging amyloid deposits
MXPA01010490A MXPA01010490A (en) 1999-06-10 2000-05-31 Rhodanine derivatives for use in a method of inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation and imaging amyloid deposits.
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WO2005007123A2 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-27 Pintex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Pin1-modulating compounds and methods of use thereof
US6964957B2 (en) 2000-08-18 2005-11-15 Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Fused pyrazole compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for modulating or inhibiting ERAB or HADH2 activity
US7205295B2 (en) 2002-12-06 2007-04-17 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Benzoxazin-3-ones and derivatives thereof as therapeutic agents
WO2008099210A2 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-08-21 Merck & Co., Inc. Piperazine derivatives for treatment of ad and related conditions
US8933075B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-01-13 Fuzians Biomedicals, Inc. Compounds useful as antiviral agents, compositions, and methods of use
CN106045986A (en) * 2016-05-31 2016-10-26 广东工业大学 Novel phenothiazine derivative and preparation method and application thereof
CN106045987A (en) * 2016-06-21 2016-10-26 广东工业大学 Multifunctional near infrared fluorescence magnetic nanoparticles as well as preparation method and application thereof

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JPH01147462A (en) * 1987-12-03 1989-06-09 Mita Ind Co Ltd Carrier generating material and its production
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6964957B2 (en) 2000-08-18 2005-11-15 Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Fused pyrazole compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for modulating or inhibiting ERAB or HADH2 activity
US7205295B2 (en) 2002-12-06 2007-04-17 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Benzoxazin-3-ones and derivatives thereof as therapeutic agents
WO2005007123A2 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-27 Pintex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Pin1-modulating compounds and methods of use thereof
WO2005007123A3 (en) * 2003-07-18 2006-02-16 Pintex Pharmaceuticals Inc Pin1-modulating compounds and methods of use thereof
WO2008099210A2 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-08-21 Merck & Co., Inc. Piperazine derivatives for treatment of ad and related conditions
US8933075B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-01-13 Fuzians Biomedicals, Inc. Compounds useful as antiviral agents, compositions, and methods of use
CN106045986A (en) * 2016-05-31 2016-10-26 广东工业大学 Novel phenothiazine derivative and preparation method and application thereof
CN106045987A (en) * 2016-06-21 2016-10-26 广东工业大学 Multifunctional near infrared fluorescence magnetic nanoparticles as well as preparation method and application thereof

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MXPA01010490A (en) 2005-05-27
AU5311800A (en) 2001-01-02
BR0011441A (en) 2002-07-16

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