WO2000076715A2 - Vorrichtung zur bestimmung der position von emissionsbereichen eines thermischen prozesses mit lokal begrenzter energieeinbringung - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur bestimmung der position von emissionsbereichen eines thermischen prozesses mit lokal begrenzter energieeinbringung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000076715A2 WO2000076715A2 PCT/DE2000/002086 DE0002086W WO0076715A2 WO 2000076715 A2 WO2000076715 A2 WO 2000076715A2 DE 0002086 W DE0002086 W DE 0002086W WO 0076715 A2 WO0076715 A2 WO 0076715A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- laser beam
- emission
- optical
- filter
- workpiece
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the selective determination of the position of areas with different emission behavior within and in the vicinity of the interaction zone of a thermal process caused by a laser beam with locally limited energy input into a workpiece.
- the thermal process brought about by a laser beam can be a welding process, a cutting process or hardening of a workpiece by means of a laser beam.
- Laser beam welding is a process that is used to advantage in manufacturing processes.
- laser beam welding is used in the automotive industry for welding roof seams or the like, in shipbuilding for welding sandwich panels or the like, in container construction, etc. It is necessary to correctly maintain the distance between the workpiece surface and the focus of the laser beam during the machining, ie welding process. Deviations of this distance of a few 0.1 mm can result in a reduced welding depth and in addition by a corresponding change in the overall process lead to a deterioration in production quality.
- the distance between the workpiece surface and the focus of the laser beam are various sensor systems such as systems with leading sensors for measuring the geometric size of the machining distance between the workpiece and the processing head (nozzle), systems with sensors for detecting the intensity of the process emission and systems with sensors for recording the intensity distribution of the process emission at the processing site is known.
- the first-mentioned systems with leading sensors measure, for example, the machining distance in advance with the aid of tactile sensors using a touch finger or with the help of optical sensors based on triangulation with a measuring laser beam or light section with, for example, one or more light lines or with an oscillating laser beam.
- Process-relevant parameters for the machining result are the focus position and the machining distance.
- the focus position describes the distance of the focus of the laser beam from the workpiece surface in the beam direction. A direct measurement during the machining process is not possible. Since the focus position is generally constant relative to the machining head, a measurement of the distance between the machining head (or nozzle) and the workpiece surface, i. H.
- the focus position is determined indirectly by measuring the machining distance.
- a common feature of these known systems is that they can only be operated in advance, since the temperature at the respective processing location is too high for the finger and the optical process emissions are too high for a measurement Dominate laser beam. It follows that systems with tactile sensors and such optical sensors can be used only to a very limited extent, since, for. B. in the case of three-dimensional laser beam welding, a leading sensor delivers a wrong measured value on curves in the machining path.
- Systems with sensors for detecting the process emission include systems that record the temporal course of the intensity of the process emission with sensors, which are, for example, photodiodes, microphones or the like. acts. A connection with the focus position is then established from the time course recorded with the said sensors.
- the systems which determine the focus position in this way have the disadvantage that changes in the intensity or changes in the time course can be attributed to various process parameters, which means that the changes mentioned cannot be clearly assigned to the respective focus position.
- the latter systems are therefore generally only used for process monitoring, they are only conditionally or not suitable for control loops.
- other focus positions ie z * 0 mm, are usually required.
- CCD, CMOS or high-speed cameras are used in the on-axis or off-axis observation direction.
- these known systems offer the possibility of recording a large number of process parameters and relating them to the respective focus position.
- a system of the latter type is disclosed, for example, in DE 197 16 293 A1.
- a device for controlling welding parameters during laser beam welding which comprises a CCD camera for detecting the geometry of a weld pool formed during the welding process. The camera is connected to an image data processing unit. The welding depth is controlled depending on the detected weld pool length or weld pool area.
- the focus position of the laser beam is regulated there as a function of a geometric similarity factor, which is calculated as the quotient of the melt pool area and the distance between the geometric center of gravity of the laser beam keyhole and the geometric center of gravity of the melt pool area.
- a geometric similarity factor which is calculated as the quotient of the melt pool area and the distance between the geometric center of gravity of the laser beam keyhole and the geometric center of gravity of the melt pool area.
- a deficiency of this last-mentioned system consists in the relatively high expenditure on system technology with a simultaneously low measuring frequency.
- the measuring frequency is limited by the clock of the CCD camera and by the performance of the DSP board.
- the clock frequency of the CCD camera is, for example, 50 Hz.
- the high system complexity is due to the use of a fast DSP board.
- active triangulation is a variant.
- a generator for a light source on a measurement object not a signal laser is used as in laser triangulation, but the thermal emission of the processing location. This method has not yet been used for laser beam welding because it is considered too imprecise:
- the surface of the molten bath in plan view essentially has the shape of an elongated drop, as is illustrated, for example, in DE 197 16 293 A1 mentioned above.
- the focus of the thermal emission is therefore not in the center of the laser-workpiece interaction zone.
- the distance between the focus of the thermal emission of the melt pool and the focus of the laser beam keyhole changes with the direction of observation of the sensor.
- the optical emission of the metal vapor flare shifts the center of gravity of the entire optical emission of the machining location away from the workpiece surface in the direction of the surface normal.
- the measured distance of the metal vapor flare from the workpiece surface changes depending on the optical emission of the metal vapor flare.
- the invention has for its object to provide an inexpensive device for controlling the machining distance with high resolution in thermal processes caused by a laser beam with locally limited energy input into a workpiece, the device being based on a reliable, i.e. reliable and robust measuring methods.
- a position-sensitive optical sensor device for determining the position of the center of gravity of the respective emission region, which is preceded by an optical filter device, a reliable exact control of the respective intensity center of the optical emission of the locally limited energy input caused by the laser beam Workpiece which is, for example, a welding capillary, if the thermal process in question is a welding process, can be done with simple means.
- the position of the center of gravity can be shown by imaging the welding or steam capillary at least one diode device can be detected.
- the diode device is a position sensitive diode (PSD).
- at least one optical wavelength-selective filter is arranged in the optical filter device in front of the / each PSD, which can be one- or two-dimensional.
- the center of gravity of the optical emission of the steam capillary is possible with the at least one PSD. It was found that there is a clear connection between the position of the center of gravity of the optical emission of the steam capillary and the processing distance. This relation is used according to the invention to control the machining distance and thus also the focus position of the laser beam. This results in the advantage that the device according to the invention, in contrast to the first-mentioned systems with tactile sensors, is 3D-capable, in contrast to systems with sensors for detecting the time course of the intensity of the process emission, for example with photodiodes, microphones or the like.
- the device according to the invention has an increased measuring accuracy in comparison with the known active triangulation.
- the device according to the invention does not exactly detect the center of gravity z. B. the metal steam torch, rather it shows the common focus of keyhole, metal bath and metal steam torch.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a workpiece in sections and schematically shows a laser beam directed onto the workpiece
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the spectral intensity of the keyhole and metal bath emissions as a function of the wavelength
- Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section through a section indicated
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of essential parts of the
- Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the
- FIG. 1 shows a workpiece 10 cut off in perspective, which is provided for processing with a laser beam 12. This processing involves, for example, the welding of two parts of the workpiece 10 which lie closely against one another.
- the laser beam 12 generates a
- Melting pool 14 which is essentially in the form of an elongated drop.
- the center of gravity of the drop-shaped molten bath 14 is designated by the reference number 16.
- the feed movement of the workpiece 10 is illustrated by the arrow 18.
- At the wide head end 20 of the drop-shaped surface of the molten bath 14 is the radiation point 22 of the laser beam 12 and the keyhole 24 surrounding the radiation point 22, i.e. the opening of the steam capillary 26 (see, for example, FIG. 3).
- the keyhole 24 is essentially circular and has a diameter d.
- the center of gravity of the keyhole 24 is designated by the reference number 28.
- the melt pool 14 is made of a liquid material.
- the material is e.g. iron with a melting point of 1535 ° C.
- the steam capillary 26 consists of the corresponding material in the vapor state, for example of vaporized iron, which has a boiling point of 2880 ° C.
- the center of gravity 16 of the drop-shaped molten bath 14 is at a distance xi ⁇ from a reference point and the center of gravity 28 of the vapor capillary 26 is at a distance x 2 s.
- the distance between the overall center of gravity XGES and the center of gravity x 28 of the opening of the steam capillary 26 is designated by x in FIG. This distance x becomes smaller the lower the received radiation intensity Ii 6 of the melting bath 14.
- FIG. 2 exemplifies the spectral intensity distribution of a molten bath 14 and a corresponding steam capillary 26, the wavelength in nanometers (nm) being plotted on the abscissa and the spectral intensity in watts (W) being plotted on the ordinate.
- Curve 30 illustrates the spectral intensity as a function of the wavelength of a molten bath 14 and curve 32 illustrates the dependence of the spectral intensity on the wavelength of the corresponding vapor capillary 26.
- the following parameters are used as an example in FIG. 2:
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates in sections a workpiece 10 and the laser beam 12 directed at the workpiece 10, by means of which the steam capillary 26 is formed in the workpiece 10. The workpiece 10 is moved during the laser processing in the feed direction indicated by the arrow 18.
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates in sections a workpiece 10 and the laser beam 12 directed at the workpiece 10, by means of which the steam capillary 26 is formed in the workpiece 10. The workpiece 10 is moved during the laser processing in the feed direction indicated by the arrow 18.
- the metal vapor torch 34 emits radiation above all when a plasma 36, ie a metal vapor plasma, is induced by the laser radiation 12.
- the radiation from the metal steam torch 34 like the radiation from the molten bath 14 (see FIG. 1), causes a shift in the overall center of gravity of the radiation intensity in the direction of the surface normal of the workpiece 10.
- the focus of the optical emission of the steam capillary 26 is also designated in FIG. 3 by the reference number 28 .
- the metal vapor torch 34 has an emission center 38; the overall center of gravity 40 between the center of gravity 28 of the steam capillary 26 and the center of emission 38 of the metal steam torch 34 is designated by the reference number 40.
- the center of gravity 28 of the steam capillary 26 is at a distance z 28 from a reference point
- the center of emission 38 of the metal steam torch 34 is at a distance z 38
- the total center of gravity 40 is at a distance ZGES-
- the distance between ZGES and z 28 is denoted by z.
- the distance z should be as small as possible.
- a wavelength-selective optical filter is used which, for example, absorbs or reflects radiation below 550 nm in order to reduce the proportion of the received radiation intensity from the metal vapor flare 34.
- the detection of the overall center of gravity is advantageously carried out with the aid of at least one PSD sensor which, for example, is such is connected that it outputs a voltage signal via an amplifier unit and a digital or analog data processing unit which is proportional to the position of the center of gravity of a light spot on the PSD.
- This spot of light is the image of the interaction zone after the filter.
- the measurement frequency of the device according to the invention is essentially determined by the amplifier and data processing unit; it can easily be in the kHz range or in an even higher frequency range.
- the PSD only has a rise time of a few 10 nsec.
- the aforementioned image of the interaction zone after the filter is thus generated by an optical system which determines the position of the object plane, the image plane and the lens main plane as well as the refractive power of the optical elements and the number and position of the diaphragms.
- an optical system which determines the position of the object plane, the image plane and the lens main plane as well as the refractive power of the optical elements and the number and position of the diaphragms.
- two variants of the optical system can be used, as are illustrated schematically below in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5.
- Figure 4 shows schematically a telecentric structure of the optical system.
- the plane of the detector 42 is parallel to the main plane of the lens system 44, which is oriented perpendicular to the direction of observation 46.
- the workpiece is identified by reference number 10.
- an aperture 48 is provided in the rear focal point, so that telecentric imaging is ensured.
- This variant has the advantage that the transmitted intensity is independent of the position of the object point and the characteristic of the detector 42 is linearized.
- the transmitted intensity can be set as desired by changing the opening of the aperture 48.
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the device 50 according to the invention, which has an imaging optics 52, a filter device 54 arranged after the imaging optics 52 and a PSD sensor 56 which is arranged downstream of the filter device 54.
- the PSD sensor 56 is used to detect the overall center of gravity, as described above.
- the PSD sensor is aimed at the keyhole 24, which was generated by means of the laser beam 12 in the workpiece 10 which is illustrated in sections.
- the reference numeral 26 also designates the steam capillary in FIG. 5 and the reference numeral 34 the metal steam flare.
- the PSD sensor 56 is connected to an amplifier and data processing unit 58.
- the amplifier and data processing unit 58 is connected to a laser system controller 60, which itself is connected to the
- the PSD sensor 56 can be attached to a housing, not shown, on which a camera for a control monitor and / or a video recorder can additionally be arranged. This enables detection and control of the machining distance.
- the device 50 is advantageously suitable for the selective determination of the position of areas with different emission behavior within and in the vicinity of the interaction zone of thermal processes with locally limited energy input, the position being determined as a function of the position the center of gravity of the corresponding optical emission, which is selectively detected by optical filtering.
- the device 50 can use one or more sensors with different optical filters for process monitoring. It is also possible to use a number of sensors with different directions of observation simultaneously. Process control is possible in this way.
- two position-sensitive diodes are used, one of which observes the wavelength range around 400 nm to approx. 900 nm and thus detects the position of the keyhole on the surface of the workpiece 10.
- the other position sensitive diode can, for example, be combined with a filter for the wavelength range from approx. 200 nm to 400 nm to determine the position of the metal vapor flare 34, i.e. the plasma torch to watch.
- the position signals of the said diodes can be linked in such a way that the at least one resulting signal is independent of the machining distance. This at least one signal is therefore a relative signal.
- a third diode can be combined with an optical filter in the wavelength range from 1000 to 1800 nm, for example, in order to observe the position of the melting bath.
- the two position-sensitive diodes described above each output a position signal.
- the link mentioned last allows the relative distance between the two points in the interaction zone to be calculated and the absolute position to be eliminated. This has the advantage that a statement about the stability of the process can be obtained without knowing the contour of the workpiece 10.
- the directions of observation of the sensors differ from one another in order to achieve a so-called cross-location and to detect the lateral and the axial position of the center of gravity separately.
- the interaction location is symmetrical about the point of incidence of the laser beam 12.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00949134A EP1194260A2 (de) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-06-09 | Vorrichtung zur bestimmung der position von emissionsbereichen eines thermischen prozesses mit lokal begrenzter energieeinbringung |
AU62608/00A AU6260800A (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-06-09 | Dispositif de determination de la position de domaines d'emission d'un processus thermique avec apport d'energie localement limite |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19927803.2 | 1999-06-11 | ||
DE19927803A DE19927803A1 (de) | 1999-06-11 | 1999-06-11 | Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle der Fokuslage beim Laserstrahlschweißen |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000076715A2 true WO2000076715A2 (de) | 2000-12-21 |
WO2000076715A3 WO2000076715A3 (de) | 2001-05-31 |
WO2000076715A8 WO2000076715A8 (de) | 2001-07-05 |
Family
ID=7911653
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2000/002086 WO2000076715A2 (de) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-06-09 | Vorrichtung zur bestimmung der position von emissionsbereichen eines thermischen prozesses mit lokal begrenzter energieeinbringung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1194260A2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU6260800A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19927803A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000076715A2 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9573224B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2017-02-21 | Product Innovation & Engineering, LLC | System and method for determining beam power level along an additive deposition path |
US9757902B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2017-09-12 | Product Innovation and Engineering L.L.C. | Additive layering method using improved build description |
US10632566B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2020-04-28 | Product Innovation and Engineering L.L.C. | System and method for controlling the input energy from an energy point source during metal processing |
US11839915B2 (en) | 2021-01-20 | 2023-12-12 | Product Innovation and Engineering LLC | System and method for determining beam power level along an additive deposition path |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10160623B4 (de) * | 2001-12-11 | 2011-06-09 | Precitec Kg | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Laserbearbeitungsvorgangs, insbesondere eines Laserschweißvorgangs |
DE10244548B4 (de) * | 2002-09-25 | 2010-12-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Fokuslage bei der Lasermaterialbearbeitung |
DE102004051876A1 (de) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-27 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Anordnung und Verfahren zur ortsaufgelösten Temperaturmessung bei einem Laserbearbeitungsverfahren |
DE102007036556A1 (de) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-05 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Überwachung der Fokuslage bei Laserstrahlbearbeitungsprozessen |
DE102010002253A1 (de) * | 2010-02-23 | 2011-08-25 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | Laserstrahlschweißeinrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Laserstrahlschweißeinrichtung |
DE102012001609B3 (de) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-02-21 | Precitec Kg | Laserbearbeitungskopf |
DE102015219229A1 (de) | 2015-10-06 | 2017-04-06 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Drahtendes mit einer Kontaktfläche |
Citations (4)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US5322999A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-06-21 | Merryman Jerry D | Method and apparatus for precision control of galvanometer patterning system |
US5517420A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1996-05-14 | Powerlasers Ltd. | Method and apparatus for real-time control of laser processing of materials |
DE19516376A1 (de) * | 1995-05-04 | 1996-11-14 | Blz Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle und Regelung der Brennfleckposition bei der Lasermaterialbearbeitung |
DE19716293A1 (de) * | 1997-04-18 | 1998-10-22 | Daimler Benz Ag | Vorrichtung zur Regelung von Schweißparametern beim Laserstrahlschweißen |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19741329C1 (de) * | 1997-09-19 | 1998-10-22 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Materialbearbeitung mit Plasma induzierender Hochenergiestrahlung |
-
1999
- 1999-06-11 DE DE19927803A patent/DE19927803A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-06-09 WO PCT/DE2000/002086 patent/WO2000076715A2/de active Search and Examination
- 2000-06-09 EP EP00949134A patent/EP1194260A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-09 AU AU62608/00A patent/AU6260800A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5322999A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-06-21 | Merryman Jerry D | Method and apparatus for precision control of galvanometer patterning system |
US5517420A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1996-05-14 | Powerlasers Ltd. | Method and apparatus for real-time control of laser processing of materials |
US5659479A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1997-08-19 | Powerlasers Ltd. | Method and apparatus for real-time control of laser processing of materials |
DE19516376A1 (de) * | 1995-05-04 | 1996-11-14 | Blz Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle und Regelung der Brennfleckposition bei der Lasermaterialbearbeitung |
DE19716293A1 (de) * | 1997-04-18 | 1998-10-22 | Daimler Benz Ag | Vorrichtung zur Regelung von Schweißparametern beim Laserstrahlschweißen |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9573224B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2017-02-21 | Product Innovation & Engineering, LLC | System and method for determining beam power level along an additive deposition path |
US9757902B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2017-09-12 | Product Innovation and Engineering L.L.C. | Additive layering method using improved build description |
US10632566B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2020-04-28 | Product Innovation and Engineering L.L.C. | System and method for controlling the input energy from an energy point source during metal processing |
US11839915B2 (en) | 2021-01-20 | 2023-12-12 | Product Innovation and Engineering LLC | System and method for determining beam power level along an additive deposition path |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19927803A1 (de) | 2000-12-28 |
WO2000076715A8 (de) | 2001-07-05 |
EP1194260A2 (de) | 2002-04-10 |
WO2000076715A3 (de) | 2001-05-31 |
AU6260800A (en) | 2001-01-02 |
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