WO2000075612A9

WO2000075612A9 - Assembly for separating and method for weighing the inertial mass and heavy mass of chemical substances and physical bodies

Info

Publication number: WO2000075612A9
Application number: PCT/DE2000/001577
Authority: WO
Inventors: Manfred Alexander Gregor
Original assignee: Manfred Alexander Gregor
Priority date: 1999-06-03
Filing date: 2000-05-16
Publication date: 2002-09-12
Also published as: AU5389900A; WO2000075612A3; DE19927026A1; EP1141666A2; WO2000075612A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a technological assembly for separating the heavy mass and the inertial mass of chemical substances and physical bodies, using horizontal components with independent electric field strengths of the earth's gravitational and rotational fields and also to a technological method for measuring the heavy rest mass and the inertial rest mass of a substance and a body. Said assembly consists of a vertical torsion balance (1) which is used to obtain the perpendicular position of the weighing beam and to cause the horizontal electric field strength component to act upon the quantity of the substance to be weighed. The assembly also consists of a signal system (2) for the derivation of the measurement signals, a receiver and transducer system (3), an amplifier and measurement value memory system (4) and of the display device (5) for the measured variables. The powerful effect of the perpendicular components of the earth's gravitational field which are used in the weighing balance is eliminated by the perpendicular position of the vertical balance and a horizontal driving motion around a horizontal rotating shaft which is mounted in a frictionless manner. An elastic bearing maintains the stable position of the driving motion acting on the balance container for the substance quantity. Said bearing is produced in a special manner from play-free, rotating elastic bearing bodies. A linear guidance of the substance portion, at points where said portion periodically rests, is achieved in the stationary state, with a tolerance in the nano-range. The characteristic deviation lies in the range of 150 nanometers to picometers. In this manner, the smallest quasi-atomic lifting paths can be realised for each guidance period. The time measurement tolerance for the temporal interval of the rest points, obtained using the synchronously adjusted intrinsic swing duration of the vertical balance, when calculated over two measuring cycles, lies between 5 and 10 minutes for the separate weighing of heavy mass and inertial mass in the nanosecond range. The measuring result is made up of the quantity of the heavy mass and the quantity of the inertial mass of the substance quantity, expressed in a unit equivalent to the quantity of their mass weight.

Description

Arrangement for separating and method for weighing inertial mass and heavy mass of chemical substances and physical bodies The invention relates to an arrangement for separating and a method for weighing inertial mass and heavy mass of chemical substances and physical bodies.

1. Physical problem and technical problem

The technical arrangement according to the invention for the separation of inert mass and heavy mass of chemical substances and physical bodies functions through the use of the physical effect of horizontal components of neutral field strengths of independent neutral force fields of the earth's body, the earth's rotation field and the earth's gravitational field. Their neutral interaction receives the field strength of the earth's gravity field through the resulting field strength of these two fields. The strong effect of the vertical component of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field can be observed physically directly through the accelerating fall of a precipitated chemical substance or freely falling bodies. Their physical effect can be measured by the falling mass, which is artificially preserved by means of a balance in the idle state, by the weight mass. Much more difficult than the strong vertical effect of the earth's gravitational field strength due to the acceleration of the body, which, through the insight into the lever law (ARCHIMEDES from Syracuse, * 285- * 212 BC), about 2300 years ago for the production of the first hydrodynamic precision balance Weighing weight mass in a liquid instead of in air has been used technically, it is technically usable to measure the horizontal weak effect of the neutral force fields independent of the gravitational field for weighing mass, which maintain the gravitational field of the earth is clear from the fact that the field strength of the earth's field of rotation by general rotation of inert mass around the earth's rotation center in the earth's axis in every second of time, and the field strength of the earth's gravitational field by general attraction of heavy mass to the earth's gravitational center in the The center of the earth works in every part of the room. The general case of weight mass in the direction of the perpendicular to the center of gravity in the middle of the equator can be observed physically sharply separated from it due to the vertical deviation. The technical difficulty in using the difference is that the solder deviation is a very small quantity. The physical separation of falling weight mass to the center of gravity and from gravitating heavy mass to the center of gravity, which is to be experienced in this way, cannot be used for the separation of heavy mass and weight mass. There are rare horizontal pendulums for increasing the solder deviation, they are expensive borehole fluctuation pendulums, and highly accurate gravimeter systems are known which react to the solder deviation. ' ¹ 'To use the separation of the types of mass is the difference with none of these technical solutions. The physical difficulty is of a completely different kind. It consists in the fact that between the field strength of all three independent neutral fields of the earth's body, and between all three independent maintenance accelerations of the state of persistence, rotating inertial mass, gravitating heavy mass, and falling weight mass in moments of rest in terms of time and in places of rest in space to be physically differentiated and physically separated. The state of affairs in this regard is that between independent neutral field strengths, which have a constant size in a fixed direction of the room, with which they act on mass, and neutral self-acceleration of mass, with which the mass itself in the state of heavy rest mass, sluggish rest, or falling rest mass stably, which in principle cannot be distinguished by simultaneous moments of relative rest in time and coincident positions of relative rest in space. That on this physical basis it is impossible to distinguish between one or the other state, which is a prerequisite for physically describing a technical arrangement, with which heavy and inert mass can be separated, and for the functioning of a technical process characterize how these quantities of rest mass are to be measured in an equivalent size to the normal mass, this characterizes the physical problem and physical task to be taken into account in the technical task. 2. Formulation according to the invention of the physical problem. The technical problem to be solved according to the invention

The physical basis of the method according to the invention is, according to the above, that the neutral force field of the earth as a uniform indivisible physical force field of independent neutral force fields of maintaining the earth's rotation by inert mass at any moment in time and maintaining the earth's gravity by heavy Mass is understood in every point of space, the stable interaction of which the earth's gravity field receives in every point of space-time. Its effect can be observed physically independently of the falling mass, and can therefore be used technically. The independent fields are by independent field strengths ^ general mass rotation by a constant action by inert mass m _τ that chemically stable and physically stable substances rotating at every moment in time, in every second of an earth day, [FIGURE 9] around the fixed force center of the earth's rotation Body, and general mass attraction ^ by a constant effect due to the heavy mass m _{s of} the gravitationally chemically stable substances and physically stable bodies that are attracted to the fixed center of gravity of the earth's gravity.

The unity of the fields is to be described by the resulting field strengths of the independent field strengths of the earth's rotation and gravity, which the earth's gravity field receives. The effect of this field strength due to the mass falling in the indivisible space-time can be measured by the acceleration of gravity of a quantity of substance or a body. The physical relationship of the independent field strengths is to be mathematically strictly described by the uniform size by the vectorial sum of the independent types of neutral field strengths: * r * -fö ⁺ * ² _a 0)

The conservation of inertial mass at any moment in time by the earth's rotation field and heavy mass in every place of space by the earth's gravitational field is due to the indivisible effect of the stable interaction of these fields by the earth's gravitational field in every point of space-time by the falling mass or weight mass m _G in the gravitational field physically uniform to describe mathematically strictly by the scalar sum of the independent types of masses: m _s --m _T = m _c (2)

TABLE 1 to TABLE 4 in the description below contains the first measured quantities of directly measured quantities of heavy mass and inert mass, which are physically obtained by means of the technical arrangement described below under points 3 and 5 and measured using the technical method described under point 4 are.

These result in a satisfactory agreement for a first measurement with the above general physical conservation law for different sizes of independent types of mass, which are obtained by different field strengths of independent neutral fields, of better than 1%.

The connection, which is important for physical experience and for the metrological determination of equivalent effect quantities and equivalent measurement quantities of the mass, with known physical quantities of the weight value of the weight mass in air, which can be measured by means of known technical methods of a weight balance of the choice [FIGURE 8], consists of the strong effect of the vertical component of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field due to the acceleration of gravity of freely falling bodies in a vacuum, namely that the magnitude of both quantities can be experienced in a physically indistinguishable manner in this direction. But the size is fundamentally not the same physically. The field strength pulls falling mass towards the center of gravity. It therefore logically bears the negative sign of the size determined by (1). The counter-acceleration, which acts in the opposite direction in every small particle of the falling mass and thereby keeps the mass stable in every space-time position, logically bears the opposite positive sign. This means that the field strength of the gravitational field can be physically separated, and the difference must be described mathematically strictly separate from the acceleration of gravity. 1 It is self-evident that the acceleration of gravity is directed towards a center of force that is not invariably fixed, but that it remains stable between the center of gravity and the center of rotation in an intermediate gravity center. It is this direction that is called the perpendicular direction in earth measurements. ' ¹¹ This is exactly the direction in which the maintenance acceleration of all weight mass particles in the state works

5

Effect field is not recorded, this term is at best used in the special case. The compensation of the weight is the physical basis for the production of a weight

10 scales. The procedure is such that a state of maintaining the balance of weight in the gravitational field is created artificially. The technical means for this is a compensation device to compensate for the effect of the weight by means of a compensation force F against the weight. In this way, the weighing of the weight mass m _G is done. The physical conditions of weighing in the gravity field are physically clearly defined. In principle, they can be described mathematically as desired using fixed limit values: m _α -g _α , + F = 0 (3)

In a modern weight scale, electronically stabilized compensation devices result in an accuracy of the quotient of the compensating force of the scale and the acceleration of gravity in the weighing range, which is often more precise than the size of the weight mass by the unit of mass

20 p _G m _G = - ₍₄₎ δy, ω is to be represented physically, which is done by a calibrated copy of the original kilogram ^P1 as the base unit of the mass of the international physical unit system, which the user can obtain by a

₂₅ calibrated weighing pieces must be made available. An example of the state of the art with regard to the accuracy of the measurement of the amount of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field at the location of a balance is to be given here: Near the location where the technically executed arrangement of a separating balance described in SECTION 5 includes the results shown has been tested, a highly accurate

₃₀ measurement of gravitational acceleration.

A free fall absolute gravimeter manufactured by FALLER (1963) according to a US patent from AXIS was used. It works with a vacuum chamber and a very small fall distance of around 0.2 m. The mean values of the acceleration of gravity over the time average of a day have thus been determined for the purpose of re-measuring the basic gravity network, and

35 as determined with a standard deviation in the nano range with about 5-1 Qr ⁹ in more detail, is as the best tolerance to weights, except calibration pieces, ^ra to be displayed up to picograms. For the absolute measuring station 23/10 at the latitude of = 54.08 ° of interest here, for normal height of 1.25 m there was an amount of gravitational acceleration of g ^ s (9.81428453 ± 0.00000005) m / s *, ra This means that average values of the effect of the earth's gravitational field can be determined by constant

₄₀ values "in the form of cataloged measured values for fixed measuring stations of the heavy network are known today with this accuracy. That is the current highest level of science and technology. That nothing is physically known about physically independent parameters of the field strength of the rotation field and the gravitational field is undisputed This means that less is to be measured via the physical effect, which is to be measured physically in principle separately from the weight

₄₅ inert mass and heavy mass known that the path generally considered by experts to be the best way to further increase the measuring accuracy of the gravity measuring devices and to further reduce the tolerance of the weight scale, and in the field of gravity measuring technology new horizontal pendulums, new heavy pendulums, new ones To develop gravimeters and to create new scales in the field of weighing technology with an even better compensation device, therefore, with regard to the technical task according to the invention, does not lead to physical success and does not bring anything technically, can thus be clearly seen.

The technical task according to the invention is fundamentally different from a physical point of view. It is not about creating a new technical arrangement for the technical use of the physical effect of the field strength of the earth's gravity field, because there are plenty of them. These devices radio function due to the strong vertical acceleration of the fall acceleration, and the falling mass of substances and bodies. The technical problem, the technical problem to be solved according to the invention, is that a technical arrangement is to be produced, with which the persistence of a quantity of substance and a body in the state of rest can be artificially maintained independently of the strong effect of the acceleration of gravity in the vertical direction. For this purpose, a compensation device is obviously to be produced, which functions technically fundamentally different than the compensation device of a weight scale.

This results in one of the most striking features of the technical solution according to the invention for separating heavy mass and inert mass from the weight mass: this can be seen from the characteristic plumb line of the weighing beam and the horizontal guide vibration of the weighing sample, as can be seen in FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 is. In the same way, the characteristic of a technical arrangement according to the invention for the fine measurement of independent types of inert mass results: This can be seen from the characteristic horizontal position of the weighing beam and the horizontal guide vibration of the weighing sample, as can be seen in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11. The characteristic difference FIGURE 9 illustrates the physical mode of action of a vertical balance according to the invention, which uses the weak physical effect of horizontal components of the field strength of the earth rotation field for weighing the size of the inertial mass, instead of the strong physical effect of vertical components of the gravitational field, as FIG. 9 shows of the field and the size of the acceleration of maintenance of the inertial mass in the state can be determined exactly, the interaction of which can be observed in periodically occurring moments of the state of relative rest of the weighing sample, is explained in the RUNG to FIGURE 9 in SECTION 8 of this description. In SECTION 8, for the purpose of describing the difference in the physical mode of operation, a comparison with the mode of operation of a gravity pendulum can be found using the example of measured sizes of inert mass of standardized brass weights of 20 g, 10 g and 5 g in weight, which are calculated using the in SECTION 5 vertical scales have been obtained.

That the compensation device of a scale according to the invention for maintaining separate states of rest of inert mass and heavy mass is technically much more sensitive to manufacture, because, in contrast to the strong falling force in the vertical direction, with which the weight scale works, on the weak effect of the smallest torques of horizontal components of the field strength of the Earth Rotation f _e | must respond the Earth's gravitational field and the high accuracy, is illuminated by the above general characteristic of the invention according to the technical problem to be solved already. The technical solution according to the invention has, for the aforementioned reasons, in contrast to weight scales, which regularly have a damping device for reliably reproducing the weight value of the weight, so that the vertical oscillation around the equilibrium position must be brought to zero in order to read the measured value more quickly by shortening the Settling time to come to rest, regularly no such damping. On the contrary, it uses small vibrations around the equilibrium position to measure the size of the mass, and for this purpose reinforces the synchronicity and coincidence of such vibrations in the manner described in SECTION 3 below. As a result, the characteristic difference to the technical means of choice for producing the compensation device for a balance of the known type can be seen, for example in the

- lever scale, with horizontal lever device (FIGURE 1, FIGURE 8/1) mounted in a roller bearing,

- Single-thread rotary weigher, with frictionless vertical twist-thread and holding device (FIGURE 8/2),

- Compensation scale, with in principle any compensation device, but preferably an electromagnet or a steel spring, (FIGURE 8/3) or

- Beat scale with frictionless horizontal lever device. (FIGURE 8/4)

The scientific, technical and general practical significance of the lack of a technical solution in the prior art for weighing mass by means of a compensation device which functions due to the weak effect of horizontal components of the field strength of the earth's rotation field or of the earth's gravitational field, instead of the strong effect of vertical components of the earth's gravity field , for modern science and chemistry today is, for example, that no scales are technically available, which means that the size of the inertial mass of a certain is the amount of a substance to be experienced that has a physical effect at the moment when the magnitude of the acceleration of gravity disappears. This is the case, for example, when the substance is floating horizontally in a liquid. In this state, the weight does not work because its effect is retained by the field strength of the earth's gravity field. At right angles to the perpendicular direction in the horizontal direction, the large amount of gravitational acceleration disappears in the vertical direction. This means that the chemical effect of the weight mass becomes practically zero. In this state, the inert mass therefore keeps the chemical compound stable. How the mass in the state of floating in the liquid acts chemically when the weight mass disappears, and the state of chemical effect occurs due to inert mass, cannot be learned if there is no technical arrangement for weighing the size of the inert mass due to the amount of substance constant sizes of field strengths of the fields are available, the chemical and physical effects of which are preserved in this state by inert mass. Perhaps even more important for the manufacture of a balance for the physical separation of inert mass and heavy mass for modern technology and today's physics is that no balance is available in the prior art, which means that the size of the heavy mass can be physically experienced, which acts independently of the weight mass when a body passes around the perpendicular direction in the horizontal direction with small angles of the size of the perpendicular deviation in periodic places of persistence into the state of relative calm.

The scientific and economic importance for the production of new field strength measuring devices, which do not work through weight mass, whereby heavy pendulums and gravity gravimeters work, but which work technically through the action of heavy mass, is obvious. The importance for solid state physics is even more important.

Wherever the smallest horizontal vibrations of mass in the gravitational field at right angles to the perpendicular direction are stable at small angles below the limit of the vertical deviation - and such transitions are obtained in large numbers by solid-state vibrations around fixed equilibrium positions of the molecular lattice sites in all types of solid bodies - this is where the transition takes place not under the influence of a mass by weight. This does not appear perpendicular to the perpendicular direction, because the field strength of the earth's gravity field disappears at right angles to the vertical direction. The field strength of the earth's gravitational field does not disappear in this direction, because it acts sharply separated around the perpendicular deviation. That means, in this state, the stability and firmness of the body remains through a new kind of. Obtain mass that does not work due to the weight. As a result, their effects remain physically indefinite. In such processes, the size of the acceleration due to gravity disappears, and with it its effect: the weight. However, neither the mass that can be experienced chemically, physically and technically disappears, nor the neutral field strength of strong neutral fields. Their effects are preserved through new forms of mass. This mass is preserved between locations of stable horizontal transitions in a new form of heavy resting mass. This is associated with new chemical and physical effects that cannot be experienced through the effects of the weight, and therefore cannot be predicted. The mass changes shape, which means that it maintains its mass in any neutral field.

The same is known from the energy conservation law. Energy does not disappear either, but changes shape. When kinetic energy disappears, it remains in a form other than potential energy. The total energy remains constant. The same applies to the conservation law (2) for mass: the total mass remains constant. In what form does the conservation take place, whether through the sum of inertial mass and heavy mass by weight mass, or in another form of a difference between weight mass and heavy mass, m _τ = m _G -m _s (2.1) or weight mass and inertial mass, m _s = m _G - m _τ (2.2) has no influence on the maintenance of the total mass.

Because the mass in every form of mass has a different size than the rest mass, you don't just need a kind of scale. In principle, the weight scale for the weight is not physically sufficient. For this reason, technically fundamentally different arrangements are required, independent types of scales, independent measuring methods with which the size of inert rest mass is to be measured, and with which the size of heavy rest mass which is to be measured in a particular one Quantity of a chemical substance and put in a certain volume of a solid structure. The task according to the invention stands and arises on this basis. The technical problem to be solved according to the invention, as described in more detail below and characterized in more detail, consists in

1. to develop and specify a technical process, with which the above-mentioned physical problem of separating heavy mass and inert mass as well as measuring the size of the

Resting mass of the heavy mass and the inert mass for a weighable amount of a chemical substance and for a weighable volume of a physical body is technically to be solved, and

2. To produce a technical arrangement with which this technical process is to be carried out technically.

3. Description of the physical mode of operation and technical mode of operation of the technical arrangement according to the invention for the separation of heavy mass and inert mass. The technical problem to be solved according to the invention is characterized in that technical means known per se of a heavy pendulum, a torsion vibrator, and a weight scale

- A technical arrangement with a compensation device for the small, mean, constant quantities of periodic effects of horizontal components of the independent neutral field strengths not of the earth's gravity field due to falling mass, but of the earth's gravitational field and the earth's rotation field through heavy mass and inert mass for a weighable amount of a chemical substance and physical body is to be created, with which, as characterized in the characterizing part of PATENT Claim 1 and specified by the further claims, it can be achieved that

- Periodic simultaneous events of the transition moments of practically all substance particles of the entire substance quantity of the whole body in the state of rest and the turning moments of the direction of oscillation of the whole substance quantity with a constant time and synchronization of the time period of the transition to periodic resting positions and half the oscillation duration between the turning points of the guiding movement of the Amount of substance in the range of microseconds to nanoseconds can be technically produced and artificially obtained by means of an oscillating movement of a guide body, the measuring container of the amount of substance in the body, and

- Periodic coincident positions of a periodic guiding movement of practically all material particles of the total amount of material near an ideal horizontal direction of movement of the discrete distance horizontally opposite positions of the persistence of all particles in the state of rest and the continuously and continuously changing path of travel by means of a stable mechanical guiding movement of the measuring hardener to them Locations with a deviation from an ideal rectilinear shift between the periodic locations of the rest in the measuring room in the range nano to P / cometer can be realized.

FUNCTIONAL SCHEMES 1 and 2 for the process example TABLE 1 and TABLE 2 in SECTION 7 show an overview of some characteristic features and technical characteristics of the physical mode of operation and the technical mode of operation of a technical embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention, with which this technical problem can be solved is technically preferably produced by means of a vertical guide body for the measuring container for the quantities of substance, as has been characterized in PATENT CLAIM 2, PATENT CLAIM 3, and PATENT CLAIM 4.

This guide body corresponds to the "weighing beam" of a balance insofar as it is the technical realization of the compensation device together with the elastic rotary axis system, with which the effect of field strengths of the earth's rotation field due to inert mass and the earth's gravitational field due to heavy mass can be measured in the same direction, in which the effect of the field strength of the earth's gravity field has disappeared due to the weight.

For this purpose, the compensation device is designed and manufactured in such a way that small guide vibrations of the measuring container in the horizontal direction with the accuracy required above about the perpendicular direction as the stable equilibrium position and the central main plane of symmetry of the guide 1 vibrations - FIGURE 1 - technically manufactured and artificially preserved. As a result, those physical effects are stable that are needed to measure the size of mass, which periodically passes at a technically feasible speed in one direction between fixed idle parts, in which the field strength of the earth's gravity field physically disappears in the borderline case and has practically no effect. The mean constant size of the transition speed, which means

5 The technical solution identified in PATENT CLAIM 2 and PATENT CLAIM 4 is typically in the range of micrometers per second. The movement of the mass from places of undisturbed persistence in the state of rest is so little different from the state of rest itself due to this small size of the transfer speed into opposite places of renewed short insistence in the state of rest that in this way the stated technical problem is solved to measure the size of a resting mass in a neutral field that does not physically act through the gravitational field.

This is done by the fact that in periodically occurring simultaneous moments of relative calm between masses rotating in a stable accelerating manner in the earth's rotation field, a physically safely reproducible constant portion of the effect of rotating inertial mass in the state of

15 maintains calmness, and the fact that in periodically opposing coincident places of coincident spatial distance relative calm between steadily accelerating mass in the earth's gravitational field there is a physically reliably reproducible constant portion of the effect on gravitating heavy mass in the state of Maintains calm. The FUNCTIONAL functions based on the measured variables of the exemplary embodiment and to be seen in the following

20 SCHEME in SECTION 7 for a separating scale for inert mass and heavy mass produced by means of a vertical torsion balance shows the extent to which the vertical torsion balance manufactured technically fulfills the functional condition for safe quantities of rest mass that can be weighed reproducibly: the constant sums of the small sizes of the horizontal components that are brought into effect the field strengths and the horizontal driving acceleration of the components produced by means of elastic rotating bodies

25sation device for the stably obtained small forces of neutral interaction

in the upper guide area in the area of the left swing between 0.004 m / s ² to 0.005 m / s ² ,

- In the upper guide area in the area of the right swing between 0.026 m / s ² to 0.027 m / s ² , as well

in the lower guide area in the area of the right-hand vibration between 0.053 m / s ² to 0.056 ms ² ,

- In the lower guide area, the range of the left swing between 0.021 m / s ² to 0.027 m / s ² . 30

According to the invention, the natural energy source of the guide movement is the small intrinsic energy of the effect of the neutral interaction of the horizontal component of the neutral field strength of the earth's gravitational field due to the heavy mass and the earth's rotation field due to the inertial mass of the guide body, and thus in the MBS measuring container below or in the MBT above -Measuring container - FIGURE 5,

35 FIGURE 3, FIGURE 4 - amount of substance carried. «Because these two types of mass in space and time never go into the state of rest in the same places, and never at the same moments, and thus persist in each spacetime point, regardless of what type of mass is currently observed and has been brought to rest, a certain energy of neutral interaction of both types of

40 masses which cannot be observed in the weight mass and which cannot be used technically. Because the technically usable size of this energy source, made usable with mechanical guiding bodies, regularly remains very small - it can be estimated on the order of magnitude based on the aforementioned accelerations and transition paths in the micrometer range in the microJoule range - is the compensation bearing of a balance according to the invention for weighing heavy mass and

45 inert rest mass produced according to the invention as a special friction-free bearing.

It consists of harnessing the small interaction energy of inert mass and heavy mass made of elastic bearing bodies DK1.DK2 of a rigid guide body - FIGURE 5, FIGURE 4 - which are technically stable in their position in a special way, by means of one in the surrounding bearing frame directly installed radial insert ball bearing of the type already described for the “MULTI-SHAFT TORSION GEARBOX” according to the invention, and by means of a lever bearing installed directly in the guide body, [in addition: DE 19822 538.5 AT 19.05.1998 OT 25.11.1999] The elastic bearing body consists of plastic with long molecular chains in the longitudinal direction, instead of steel or quartz, as the technical means of choice for the rotary thread bearing of a single-thread torsion balance [FIGURE 8/2] or for the tension band bearing of a horizontal pendulum of the generally known type, for the technical production of which there are generally no strong compensation forces in the Longitudinal direction of the bearing body, and certainly no artificially highly amplified compensation forces are used as the most important means for increasing the stability of the main axis of rotation 0 '. The technical means according to the invention of combining the contradictory technical requirements to produce the bearing bodies from a plastically flowing elastic material - which every plastic is known for - technically because excellent small transverse torques for the utilization of the physical effect described above can be obtained technically, and at the same time To technically create a stable hold of the main axis of rotation with the required tolerance in the nanometer range consists in installing a radial insert actuator in the bearing frame, whereupon the elastic bearing body, which slowly lengthens over time, has to be wound up around exactly the piece by which it has so far been reached Has.

In terms of keeping the rotating plane stable, the same can be technically obtained as with a metal body as a clamping body, which is practically not elongated. Or as with a small tensile stress in the cross-section of the bearing body, which is technically easy to implement using asymmetrically arranged, smaller weights, or with a smaller leverage effect of the guide bracket. These are known technical means with which horizontal pendulums and seismographs are produced. That's why they work technically very differently. This means that the physical mode of action described here cannot be brought out in a physically reproducible manner. The small energy of the stable interaction of heavy mass and inert mass appears, if at all, as "disturbance energy", interpreted as "microseismics", etc. The combination of a tension bearing actuator in the bearing frame for controlling the tensile force in the bearing body and from lever bearings in the guide body for Maintaining the highest tensile stress in the bearing body is therefore a characteristic feature of the technical solution according to the invention. This combination of technical means according to the invention makes it possible to advantageously combine soft materials and hard materials and to use them in such a way that the advantages of the elasticity of the soft material are exploited and the disadvantages of the plasticity of the soft material can be technically eliminated. That this type of technical production of the guide movement of the guide body of the weighing container for the reception of the fabric samples and the weighing pieces decisively decides on the technical quality and the physical performance parameters of the arrangement is due to the explanations given above regarding the physical mode of operation of a separating scale for heavy mass and inert mass on hand. It is not the type of radial insert ball bearing actuator, whether manually controlled or electronically controlled, but the arrangement in the bearing frame at the end of one or the other guide fiber DK1, DK2 that is the decisive point, because an external fastening cannot be technically realized due to the high longitudinal guide force. If you do so, there will be disturbances in the stability due to the additional support of the radial insert ball bearing. This reduces the physical effect. But this also makes the technical system uselessly more complicated. That this way of storing the guide body is even more important for a separating scale with a horizontal plane of rotation and a horizontal plane of oscillation of the horizontal guide movement of the measuring containers in periodic resting positions around a vertically stable main axis of rotation 0 ', for which FIGURE 10 and FIGURE 11 show an example instead of for a separating scale with a vertical plane of rotation and / or low vibration level of the horizontal guiding movement of the measuring container in periodic resting positions around a main axis of rotation 0 ^' which is stable in a horizontal manner is so obvious that this goes without saying without further explanations.

A technical arrangement according to the invention for the separation of heavy mass and inert mass is regularly an arrangement by means of an MBS measuring container for weighing the size of heavy mass below a main axis of rotation 0 'obtained in a horizontally stable manner as described above, and by means of an MBT measuring container for weighing the Size of inert mass above the horizontal main axis of rotation 0 ', as has been shown in FIGURE 1 to FIGURE 7. For reasons not of a technical nature, but of a physical nature, a technical arrangement for physically separating the action of heavy mass and inert mass works, which in the same way with regard to the bearing, but with regard to the axis of rotation by means of a vertical main axis of rotation has been produced, and which therefore has a horizontal rotating platform and horizontal oscillation plane of the guiding movement of the measuring containers in periodic rest positions, in terms of process technology, analogously to the vertical torsion balance described in detail here. By means of this technical solution, however, other measured variables of a physically principally independent effect between horizontal components of field strengths and other types of mass can be experienced. Therefore, this technical solution is to be identified and described here only to the extent that it can be seen that an independent technical solution according to the invention can be produced in this way, which results from a modification of that described for the vertical torsion balance. This does not have the above-mentioned characteristic that physically it is used to measure the effect of heavy mass, namely the oscillation of the MBS container with small angles close to the solder deviation around the solder direction. The other arrangement of the MBH measuring container for weighing inert mass by rotating action, in a manner analogous to the vertical balance on the light side of the horizontally rotating guide body, and an MBK measuring container arranged on the opposite side of the axis of rotation, where the weight of the guide body arranged, namely, shows that the inertial mass, in an analogous manner, as described by (2) for inertial and heavy mass, splits even further into different equivalent sizes of independent forms of inertial mass, analogous to how the weight mass into different Split sizes of independent heavy mass and inert mass. FIGURE 10 schematically exaggerates a technical characteristic functional feature of such a technical arrangement according to the invention. It consists in the fact that the degree of freedom of the guiding movement is within the aforementioned tolerance by small angles in any direction of space. According to the above description, it is self-evident that this technical feature of the technical arrangement according to the invention is always technically present in every form of its implementation on the basis of the production of the guide bearing and the bearing design. This cannot be achieved, for example, with a self-aligning bearing: rolling on a cutting edge limits the degree of freedom of the self-aligning guide. With a thin metal body as a clamping band body, the limitation is not so obvious. It is there in the molecular area through the metal lattice. By all the above-mentioned technical measures taken together it is achieved according to the invention that the regularly very small energy of the effect of the neutral interaction of heavy mass, mass and inert mass in a technically usable size in the bearing system itself, by means of its own elasticity, the elastic bearing bodies like .Energiespeicher "act physically safe, regardless of the direction of the power sources of the fields. This is important because these directions can not be influenced, because they are constantly changing. Thus, the stability of the guide body in the specified tolerance to guarantee technically, and physically to ensure that the small effects associated with constant changes in direction are not lost. With a bearing whose bearing body is not made of soft material of the aforesaid nature, this is considerably more difficult, or not possible at all it did the effect is so small that it is perceived as a systematic disturbance variable rather than a technically usable effect variable. For these reasons, the manufacture of the arrangement according to the invention by means of a material of the elastic bearing body made of pure metal does not succeed, or leads to unsatisfactory results. For this reason, materials, such as aramid, polyamide or polyethylene, are mentioned as the technical means of choice in the characterizing part of the claims. Because these materials under high tensile stress - this is used so that the main axis of rotation is stable - all become a little plastic, and the creep behavior typical of plastics then shows more or less strongly, the compensation device of the arrangement must have a length compensation device to compensate for the elongation due to the irreversible Stretch included. This length compensation device is the actuator installed in the bearing frame. On the vertical scale it also serves as a part of the size of the cone angle of the guide body around the main axis of rotation 0 ^' . In contrast to the pendulum of gravity, the guide body only hangs vertically only in the main plane of symmetry - FIGURE 1, FIGURE 4. In the side view - FIGURE 3 - you can see that technically obtained misalignment clearly obtained by means of the actuator SG of the bearing according to the invention. With the horizontal scale - FIGURE 11 - the same actuator is used to control the height of the rotary plane. To delimit the technical features and To clarify the physical mode of operation, the following remark is appropriate: Of course, it is possible to choose, for example, such a large diameter of the bearing body that there is no permanent expansion. Then logically you don't need a steep link, then it's useless and superfluous. However, this does not solve the technical problem according to the invention, or reaches a physical limit where it is much more difficult to solve: because the thicker the rotary body is made, the greater the internal loss. The smaller the technically usable energy, with which an automatic guiding movement of the guide body can be obtained. But this is exactly what matters physically. Because a natural vibration of any period and a distance between the turning points of the lead vibration of any width is of no use. According to the task at hand, simultaneity or synchronicity with the period of the persistence of inert mass at rest in the rotational field of the earth must be added. And there must be coincidence or equality of distance with the discrete distance between the positions of the persistence of heavy mass to the left and right of the perpendicular direction in the resting state in the gravitational field. The technical means by which this can be achieved physically is a compensation device which has the technical features described here. Known tension band bearings and torsion bearings are not designed for these requirements. This means that no technical compensation device can be produced, which is used to solve the technical problem.

The small energy of the interaction of weak forces of horizontal components of neutral field strengths due to inert mass and heavy mass cannot be obtained in sufficient size and cannot be used technically. This goal can be achieved by means of an elastic bearing of the guide body, which is made of a material of the aforementioned type, such as polyamide or aramid, which deforms irreversibly under high tensile stress, and under these conditions becomes a slowly plastically "flowing" material.

The transverse elasticity of such materials opposes a transverse thrust with a much lower resistance to deformation than a metal grid, because the internal friction is much smaller. By means of the clamping force device built into the bearing frame, and by means of the lever device built into the guide body, both main technical disadvantages - the decreasing clamping force over time and the creeping of the synthetic material - can be technically eliminated, so that in this way according to the invention both objectives are achieved, to which it especially user "comes: Stable attitude of Führungsköφers in powerful stretchable elastic guide bearings, and Spe ^'insurance of small Wechselwirkungseπergie as a boost of energy in the transverse direction of the elastic Spannköφer. Thus, the guide vibration remains stationary in periodic resting places in space and time, which is technically impossible to achieve with the efficiency that the vertical torsion balance according to the invention has due to its aforementioned special bearing design when using metal wires. It carries it within itself, so to speak. The energy harnessed by this technical means is what characterizes the characteristic characteristic of the simultaneity of continuous guiding vibration of an elastically vibrating mechanical system and of a discrete temporal transition from mass in the neutral field to the State of rest, and of coincidence of steady turning parts of the guiding movement of a frictionless mechanical compensation device and of discrete spatial distance from places of persistence of mass in the state of rest in the neutral field is technically manufactured. This physical effect is thus artificially retained in the manner according to the invention and is technically implemented.

In this way, the desired physical effect resulting from TABLE 1 to TABLE 4 of the separation of the species of the mass can be maintained by small sizes of their action. These can be reproduced with a tolerance of less than 1%. In this way, the small angle of rotation to be obtained for the reasons mentioned above can be produced by means of stationary torsional vibration using the weight of the mechanical guide body of the vertical torsion balance without having an adverse effect on the achievement of the desired effect. Because the weight is retained in a highly elastic hanger - this is the compensation bearing of the vertical torsion balance according to the invention due to the above-mentioned production method - all by itself in the perpendicular direction. This means that the effect of the weight of the guide body automatically stands out in all measuring steps. The result, which at first glance appears paradoxical, can be seen that, depending on the 1 ßer the mass of weight of the guide body, the more precisely the inertial mass of an additional mass of an amount of substance to be analyzed placed in the upper MBT measuring container above the compensation bearing is to be weighed, and the heavy mass of the same quantity of substance if it is in the MBS measuring container below the compensation bearing next measuring gear is exchanged. Because the greater the weight, the more stable the perpendicular direction is as the main axis of symmetry of the guide vibration

5 - FIGURE 1 - of the MBT measuring container and the MBS measuring container. With this technical means, the horizontal component of the field strength of the earth's rotation field, which is perpendicular to the plumb direction, and which acts through the inert mass of the material quantity, and the horizontal component, perpendicular to the plumb direction, of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field, which acts through the heavy mass of the material quantity, are filtered out all the more precisely , Therefore, the guide body in the lower part is made practically like a heavy pendulum by means of the IOBeschwerungskörφ "BK" FIGURE 5

According to the invention, the measuring range of the field strength effect and guiding range of the amount of substance can be divided into four characteristic, physically and metrologically distinct separate sub-ranges I, II, III, IV [SECTION 7] of a momentary left-hand swing or right-hand swing against the vertical

1 kale middle equilibrium position of the guide body of the weighing or measuring container divided. As a result, there is a spatial upper guide area of the MBT container for measuring the size of the inertial mass, and a lower guide area of the MBS container for measuring the size of the heavy mass. The effect of inert mass in the upper measuring container is illustrated in FIGURE 9. The associated tables explain this effect using horizontal field strength components of the earth's rotation

20 additionally based on equivalent force effects. The method according to the invention dispenses with its technical use because the direct measurement of these variables is much more difficult and much less reliably reproducible than that of the variables that can be obtained by means of the method according to the invention. The full effect of the inert mass through the addition of the amount of substance in the MBT container in the perpendicular direction above the main axis of rotation 0 ^' - FIGURE 2, FIGURE 4 - comes physically by itself

2 established. It is crucial that in this position the total amount of material in the unstable state of equilibrium of the weight of the amount of material in the MBT measuring container is added to the guide body, since the acceleration of gravity acts in almost the same direction - but separated by the solder deviation - on the amount of material added above. their strong effect is transferred to the bearing axis by the guide body in between. This compensates for this effect. That is why, with this positioning, the smaller field strength of the earth's rotation of the quantity of matter, which acts in a horizontal direction, has full effect on the amount of substance - regardless of the horizontal component of the earth's gravitational field strength. This means that the size of the inertial mass can be found out. It of course plays a role that the power source of the earth rotation field is in the middle of the level of the balance, that is, in the middle of the daily orbit around the earth rotation axis.

35 In this way, the earth's rotation field acts sharply separated from the earth's gravitational field due to its field strength: Because its source of force lies in the center of the earth's body. It works in a different direction. With the exchange of the amount of substance in the lower MBS container, not only does the position in the room change, but also the state of the balance of the weight. In this position, the amount of material in the perpendicular direction is now below the support point of its weight in the earth

⁴ ° gravity field in stable equilibrium. In this position, in a statically stable state, it oscillates between the plumb direction of the falling movement of the weight mass and the direction of gravity of the gravitational center of gravity between places of rest in the gravitational field around the plumb direction. Therefore, the horizontal component of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field comes into full effect at the lower weighing level, which means that the effect of the heavy mass can be experienced. 5 Since the effect of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field due to the acceleration of gravity disappearing in the horizontal direction cannot be experienced in both measuring ranges, on both weighing levels, which is due to the stable main axis of symmetry of the guide vibration in the perpendicular direction due to the vertical position of the MBT weighing pan in If the upper guide area and the vertical position of the MBS weighing pan in the lower guide area - FIGURE 1 - have been technically achieved, the mass of the amount of material in both measuring areas can be physically displayed and measured in this way, separately from the weight of the amount of material in the gravitational field. This part of the technical problem to be solved according to the invention has thus been solved. Who! the effect of the field strength of the earth's 1 fθldes due to the inert mass of the amount of substance added to the guide body on the MBT container, in contrast, however, in the lower measuring range at a lower weighing level the effect of the field strength of the earth's gravitational field is due to the heavy mass of the amount of substance added to the guide body in the MBS container acts, therefore the mass of the amount of substance in both measuring ranges must be shown and measured sharply separated by heavy mass or inert mass. This is also the second

5 Part of the technical problem to be solved according to the invention - the separation of heavy mass and inert mass - has been technically solved.

That no mass disappears, but remains, regardless of the form in which it appears physically, whether as a relatively static mass in the earth's gravitational field, as a relatively inert inert mass in the earth's rotation field, or as a relatively static heavy mass in the earth's gravitational field.

10 to find out that the sum of the measured quantities of the masses measured physically independently of the weight by this technical method by means of this technical arrangement gives the same size of mass by means of the known method of weighing the mass with the known arrangement of the weight scale a physically certain quantity of mass can be experienced: m _s + m _τ = m _G

15 It is self-evident that the torsional acceleration obtained by means of the elastic rotary axis system, in contrast to and in contrast to neutral field strengths, is a mechanical acceleration that does not act unspecifically on a certain type of mass. It acts on weight mass, heavy mass, and inert mass practically indistinguishable. This maintains a fixed size of the horizontal guide acceleration of the guide body,

20 and a fixed quantity of the acceleration of compensation of the inert mass of the quantity of substance or the heavy mass of the quantity of substance, depending on whether the quantity of substance continuously oscillates in an unstable equilibrium state in the upper region above the pivot point of the weight of the guide body, or whether it is in the lower region below the Suspension of the weight of the guide body swings in a stable state of equilibrium. (As is well known, the equations of motion of the

25 heavy pendulums not. In this regard, they describe physically indefinite quantities.) The forces are never balanced, and the guide movement comes to a standstill, because of the aforementioned physical inequality in principle of the effect of the neutral field strengths due to different types of mass due to the mechanical acceleration of compensation. This keeps the drive energy.

30 This means that in each of the four measuring range quadrants I, II, III, IV a different mean quantity of the constant effect of the interaction of the field strengths and the masses can be physically experienced. The nature of the interaction and the nature of the state of equilibrium of the weight determine the type of mass acting in a guiding area of a periodic left-right transition movement.

35 This means that a physical separation must be made between heavy mass and inert mass. Due to the non-constant mean constant size of the effect of the neutral interaction in the separate measuring ranges, which is retained by the different types of field strengths and the different types of mass, the size of the heavy mass and the inert mass can ultimately be measured independently of the weight mass ,

40 In this way, the object of the invention of separating the heavy mass and the inert mass, and weighing the size of the heavy resting mass and the inert resting mass for weighable chemical substance and physical body is technically solved.

4. Description of the technical process of the invention for ⁴⁵ measurement of weighing the size of gravitational mass and inertial mass

A pendulum of gravity, which oscillates through nothing else than the weight mass m _{G of} its own weight in the gravitational field under the effect of the mean constant size ^ the resulting field strength (1) of the earth's gravitational field with constant natural oscillation period T _α , and a torsion oscillator that vibrates steadily and without damping which, due to a constant axial mass moment of inertia J of its own weight around an elastic main axis of rotation 0 'fixed in space, of constant restoring moment and compensation moment D against the weak effect of small torques of horizontal field strength components of the earth rotation field due to inertial mass and of the earth's gravitational field due to heavy mass in a constant natural oscillation period J _} which is kept in a stable natural oscillation are to be measured in a known manner by independent quantities of their natural oscillation period from:

Because the technical arrangement according to the invention physically removed the strong effect of the gravitational field in the manner described above by the weight, the measured variables for direct measurement of the size of the heavy mass and the size of the inert mass are to be measured by an equivalent size of the weight by a technical method , In principle, its measured variables are determined physically independently of the time and length variables that can be experienced and measured by movements in the gravitational field. The technical method according to the invention therefore uses the natural vibrations to solve the technical task of measuring the size of the inertial mass and the size of the heavy mass, which vibrations are to be represented and obtained independently of the gravitational field. The technical solution according to the invention consists in combining the properties of a torsion vibrator known per se with the technical arrangement described above to form a technical solution, so that the measurement-related task is thereby solved. This technical solution is described below.

Because it is primarily the measured variables that are to be obtained by means of this method, and the technical characteristics of the method resulting in the measured variables in a summarized manner, the description of the method is to be given by the equation of the measured value equations, whereby the Size of the inertial mass and the heavy mass is to be measured.

The size of the inert mass of a chemical substance quantity and a physical body is to be measured according to the invention in that the substance quantity or the weighing piece is placed in the upper MBT weighing container. The size of the inertial mass is then measured in the first measuring cycle. The size of the heavy mass of the same amount of the same chemical substance or of the same physical body is to be measured according to the invention in that the quantity of substance or the weighing piece is subsequently exchanged in the lower MBT weighing container and reinserted there. The size of the heavy mass must be measured in the second measuring cycle. The physical relationship between the measured variables can be described strictly mathematically as follows: In the unloaded state of the torsional vibrator, a constant period T _{0 of} the natural vibration must be measured. How big this is, is determined in terms of manufacturing technology by the design of the rotary axis system and the guide body. FIGURE 5 gives an example of how the size J_ of the axial mass moment of inertia is structurally defined with respect to the main axis of rotation. FIGURE 2 gives an example for the production of the fixed position of the frictionless main axis of rotation by means of the axis of rotation system of the multi-shaft torsion gear according to the invention.

In this way, the size D _{0 of} the compensation torque of the rotary axis system is technically determined by the manner of manufacture of the torsion gear, the material of the elastic solid body, the manufacture of the stable holding of the rotary axis system, and the arrangement of the structural bodies of the guide body. - In the loaded state with a fabric sample in the upper measuring container, a new moment of inertia J _{τ is} to be determined as a result of the weight mass of the fabric sample added above. It is the new period T _{τ of} the oscillation between the resting points of the amount of material and the turning points of the vibration in the upper guide area, and the insertion distance r _τ between the unstably oscillating center of the amount of substance from the axis of rotation to measure. In the loaded state with a substance sample in the lower measuring container, a new moment of inertia J _{s is} to be determined as a result of the weight mass of the substance sample inserted below, a new period T _{s of} the vibration between the resting points of the quantity of substance and the turning points of the vibration in the lower measuring range is to be measured, and the To determine the insertion distance r _s between the center of gravity of the amount of substance from the axis of rotation, which oscillates stably under the axis of rotation.

The above-mentioned measurands are the quantities that are physically used to make the size of the resting heavy mass of a quantity of matter and a body by the mean constant effect of horizontal components of the gravitational field strength of the general mass attraction. 1 mass to be measured for a quantity of substance oscillating in a stable state of equilibrium of its weight in the gravitational field using the following equation of measurement for the size of the heavy mass

** " ^{2 fc} (6)

The size of the resting inert mass of the same amount of substance of the same body is measured by the constant effect of horizontal components of the rotational field strength of the general mass rotation of inert mass on the weight of the substance quantity vibrating in the unstable state of equilibrium of the weight in the gravitational field by a shapely measured value equation in the same way certain quantities that have been measured physically independently with respect to a separate spatial level ^m r = ² - '"- ^• (7)

₁₅ By the method described above it is achieved that, in contrast to the weight scale, the measurement of the mass can be carried out without the measurement of a force. Instead, a physical effect is measured in the unit of mass.

This ensures that the size of the rest mass of a heavy mass, which acts through the force field of the general mass attraction, and the size of the rest mass of an inert mass, which by the

_2Q force field of the general mass rotation acts, and the size of the weight mass of a falling mass, which acts through the force field of the general mass gravity, can be experienced physically uniformly by equivalent magnitudes of the effect and measured by indistinguishable equivalent units of a normal mass. Finally, to characterize the mode of operation and mode of operation of the invention

₂₅ technical arrangement and the technical method according to the invention, the relationship of the measured value equations which are easy to use for carrying out the method with known empirical variables is to be described:

The half-oscillation period T between the turning points of a torsional oscillation of a torsional oscillator of a fixed directional torque D of an elastic rotating axis system and a fixed axial one

"-Inertia ./ results from the solution of the equation of motion for a center of gravity swinging in the gravitational field: T =" - the mass moment of inertia as a function of the

D i tion duration shown J = —T differentially results in the differential equation of the change in quantities 35 ^π

V „ ^D ~ in the gravitational field: ^~ - ^{2 ~} ~ ϊ ^r An arbitrarily small inertial mass, which is fixed in a rotating field

Distance r rotates about an axis of rotation, is to be described by an infinitesimal inertia element

₄₀ ben: d / = d / »r ² . The material constant of the rotary axis system is to be eliminated by equation

J D AT 1 dJ

~ _ _t ^{~ ~} ₂ , which gives a new form of the differential equation: - = This has to be transformed

T% T 2 y

1 r ² & T dw = -, whereby new unknown physical quantities are determined by the integration:

45 2 / 7- The general solution for this is still physically in principle

indefinite quantities of mass and the length of time the mass is preserved in an indefinite lr ²

State is: m = lnF + C Due to the logarithm, the integration constant is a temporal one

2 years

State variable C = - To determine in 71, with which a certain solution for initially still undetermined JT

Equilibrium states of indefinite types of masses of the following form are: m = 2— In -

The types of mass that are physically determined in this way are to be interpreted physically in general with regard to the technical method according to the invention by the inertial mass and heavy mass of a certain quantity of a chemical substance and a physical body, which are weighed separately by means of the separating balance, as physically by independent equilibrium states to be distinguished and represented by means of a torsion vibrator through stable equilibrium and unstable equilibrium. By means of the technical process of the Vertauschuπg the substances to be weighed and Köφer between the upper and lower measuring vessel measuring container are DA to obtain by ₀ through physically secure certain sizes of the heavy mass (6) and derträgen mass (7), which, in principle, any mathematical strictly to are described.

5. Embodiment of the technical solution according to the invention

5.1 version of the technical arrangement by means of a ^s Vertikaltorsionswage and asymmetrical vertical beam balance inventive

The technical preferred solution described below for the implementation of the technical method according to the invention of the separation of heavy mass and inert mass of chemical substances and physical bodies through the technical use of the stable effect of the neutral interaction of independent neutral fields of the general gravity of heavy mass and the general rotation of inert mass consists of a technical arrangement, which is characteristically a technical arrangement, which is usually made of the components mentioned below; out

1. a vertical torsion balance

2. a signal transmitter, which converts the guide vibrations of the guide body of the measuring container for receiving the quantities of matter or body to be weighed into signal vibrations, preferably electromagnetic waves and light waves, manufactured e.g. by means of a laser radiator attached to the guide body, and made from a signal steering device for the signal receiver, for. B. by means of a mirror system for the deflection of the laser beam

3. a signal receiver and signal converter or signal current converter, which captures the signal oscillation and converts it into measuring currents that are easy to amplify for processing. B. from a phototransistor, which absorbs the laser oscillation, and which converts the light energy when the signal strikes into a photo voltage signal curve or photocurrent curve; this is to be strengthened in a manner known per se, and is easy to process further

4. an amplifier system for the signal currents and a measured value storage and data processing system of 5 known per se, the latter being used for storing intermediate values, which are preferred internally for the calculation of the measured variables according to the above-described determination equations (6) and (7) Measured value equations are used to determine the size m _{s of} the heavy mass and the size m _{1 of} the inertial mass; the amplifier system is manufactured in a manner known per se with microelectronic circuits for amplifying the signal current of the photocurrent of the signal receiver, and with memory modules and microprocessors for storing measured values and for data processing and the output of the measured values in legible form

5. a display device for the measured quantities obtained by means of the signal currents of the effect of the quantity of substance on the horizontal guiding movement of the perpendicularly set guide body in the MBS measuring container due to heavy mass and in the MBT measuring container due to inert mass; produced eg by means of 5 an electronic quartz stopwatch with a digital display of up to 1/1000 s for electronic intermediate stops of the duration of each individual, every second, ... lead vibration, or only the total duration of all directly counted lead vibrations, e.g. of 100 lead vibrations; For this purpose, the total elapsed time after a certain number of n guide vibrations is stopped in a known manner with an electromechanical start stop and end stop, the time total of all 7 " _{s time} values in the lower guide area III.IV with a loaded MBS measuring container is thereby measured; If the sample is exchanged in the upper guide area l, ll in the MBT measuring container, the same time measurement is carried out again, which means that the time total of all r _τ values in the upper guide area l, ll is measured when the MBT measuring container is loaded; the determination of the size of the mass which has acted in the horizontal direction of the guide vibrations due to their persistence in the resting positions in the various states; In the simplest case - this can already be done manually, but more convenient and more precise is a subsequent automatic calculation with direct display of the magnitudes of the effect, by means of time values stored in the memory, by means of a printer device for printing out the measured variables, instead of visual reading from a display, etc the display device is designed and manufactured in a known manner in accordance with the prior art.

FIGURE 7 shows all the components of the arrangement using an exemplary embodiment: the rigid guide body of the vertical torsion balance 1 swings about a vertical main plane of symmetry which remains stable perpendicular by means of the weight BK, about a central main axis of rotation 0 ^' aligned parallel to the horizontal plane. The vertical equilibrium position can be clearly seen in the front view of FIGURE 4. FIGURE 1 shows the main plane of symmetry and the quantities of the effect of the horizontal field strength components to be measured in the upper measuring range and in the lower measuring range by the different types of mass in a simplified schematic representation. The laser beam LS (FIGURE 5) emerges upward from the laser built into the hollow profile of the upper guide body basic profile. The laser signal light beam then passes through a glass plate that is stably connected to the substructure. This can be seen as PART 3 in FIGURE 6. The signal steering system 6 is mounted thereon. In this exemplary embodiment, this is made as a mirror surface arranged at an oblique angle from a totally reflecting heavy glass prism with a large base surface. It is diverted from here - FIGURE 7 - to signal receiver 3. There it falls on the light-sensitive base of the phototransistor 3 built into the signal receiver. This receives its working voltage in a known manner from the power supply of an amplifier via a cable connection.

By means of the change in resistance of the photosensitive base of the phototransistor occurring at the moment of the passage of the laser light signal, the electronic amplifier 4 is electronically controlled by means of the light signals at the timing of the passage of the light signal of the horizontal guide vibrations of the weighing beam against the perpendicular main axis of symmetry about its horizontal main axis of rotation 0 '. By means of the light vibrations, the simultaneous transition of the inert mass of the amount of substance in the MBT measuring container and the guiding vibration of the guide body in moments of rest in time in the upper measuring range 1.11 and the coincident distance of the resting points of the heavy mass of the amount of substance in the MBS measuring container is from the vertical direction of the vertical line of gravity in steady-state points in the room in the lower measuring range on a measuring screen behind the signal receiver - FIGURE 7 - can be seen physically directly. This is the technical means of the exemplary embodiment, with which the technical feature characterized in PATENT Claim I of the simultaneity and coincidence realized by means of the method according to the invention of physical action points of mass in the field and of measuring points of action in time and space has been carried out and implemented technically. The electronically amplified continuous pulses of the light signal also control a second, electrical power amplifier of sufficient power, which is used to switch electromagnetic relays with spring contacts. This means that the simultaneity and coincidence of the impact event and the measurement event is no longer guaranteed with certainty because the contacts no longer close exactly at the same time. By means of measures known per se, the tolerance can be kept far less than a microsecond in the range. Satisfactory results can be achieved with this. In this way, the start signal and the end signal at the beginning and at the end of start-run-stop cycles can be reliably obtained by means of the guide vibration of the vertical scale of electronically controlled mechanical relays. After a sufficient number of guide vibrations, a stop signal is given. As a result, the time sum of the T _τ values for «periodic transitions to fixed resting positions of the inert mass in the time during the constant rotation period of the earth, which has remained constant during the measurement, was then measured directly, or it is the time sum of the T _s values for n periodic transitions in space around the perpendicular direction of the perpendicular gravity of the earth's gravitational field to fixed rest positions in the earth's gravitational field were measured directly with the given time measurement accuracy. This characterizes the method according to the invention technically as a measuring method that works without disturbing the simultaneity and the coincidence of the observation of the points of action by the observer. This feature has been formulated in summary in Patent Claim I. Based on this, an exact physical measurement of the effect of mass is possible in principle. 1 feed. This is the advantage of the technical process according to the invention in comparison with known technical processes which attempt to achieve the same thing by measuring the points of action microscopically. Physically, in principle, there are inevitable disturbances in the observation of the effect, because the effect of the technical means of observation, e.g. B. that of the light beam, thereby participating in considerable size, the more, the deeper into the smallest space-time

5 areas are advancing. The technical method according to the invention described above does not have this fundamental physical disadvantage. Only the measurement error acts, and in a generally known manner. In the present case, measurement errors come primarily into the measurement result due to the display accuracy of the electronic quartz clock used of 1/1000 second, and due to the contact closings of the relays which are not quite uniform.

10 The display device 5 of the measured values shows the time measurement result of the separate measurements. Depending on the design, further measurement results are to be displayed. A complete measurement sequence for a reliable determination of the time value for determining the size of the inert mass or the size of the heavy mass of a certain amount of a chemical substance takes between about 2 minutes to about 5 minutes, depending on the desired accuracy of measurement. Then both measured values are available.

15 The comparison of the mean constant natural oscillation period T _{o of} the unloaded guide body of the weighing beam, the mean constant transition and turning time T _{τ of} the vertical balance vibrating with the amount of material to be analyzed in the upper MBT measuring container in periodic resting and turning points, and the mean constant transition and turning time 7 ^ of the vertical vibrating with the same amount of substance after being exchanged in the lower MBS measuring container.

20 scales in periodic resting and turning points results in the manner described above the physical separation of the heavy mass and inert mass by the procedurally sharply separated by independent weighings directly measured size of the inert mass m _τ the amount of substance and the size of the heavy mass m _s amount of substance.

255.2 embodiment of the technical method according to the invention by means of the technical arrangement of a vertical balance according to the invention

TABLE 1 to Table 4 contains the most important steps of the technical process of weighing the size of the heavy mass and the inert mass of chemical substances made of metallic compounds and of physical bodies of solid materials in a clearly summarized table.

³⁰ hours The weighed amount of material consists of a certain amount of the chemical elements copper and zinc, which are alloyed in a brass compound, from which weighing pieces of 20 g, 10 g and 5 g have been produced. The fourth test specimen is an aluminum weight of 0.5 g weight. The latter specimen is taken here - TABLE 4 - as an extreme value, because this shows the enormous possibilities of the method particularly clearly. Because this weighing good has less

³⁵ than 0.02% of the weight of the guide body of over 2.51 kg only the 2000th fraction of the weight of the active part of the vertical scale. Nevertheless, the size of the heavy mass and the inert mass even of this small amount of substance can be recorded with a measurement error of only about 1.5%. This means that the limit of the resolution of inert mass and heavy mass only occurs at about 10 times the smallest measuring sample used, ie the vertical torsion balance ⁰ produced a resolution of approximately 200,000 equivalent units of heavy mass or inert mass. With regard to the three safest measurements, the summarized result of the measuring steps described in detail in TABLE 1 to TABLE 3 looks as follows:

Weight scales Vertical scales Vertical scales Vertical scales

45 inert mass heavy mass sum of measurands

Weight mass weighing, above weighing. below both weights Cu, Zn: 10,000 g 7.654 g 2.417 g 10.071 g Cu, Zn: 20,000 g 15.446 g 4.653 g 21,100 g Cu, Zn: 5,000 g 3,845 g 1,210 g 5,055 g total: _G = 35.00 gm = 26.945 gm = 8.280 g (m _s + m _τ ) = 36.226 g The equivalence factors of the physically equivalent heavy mass and inert mass measured by the unit of the normal mass are in tolerance, based on the unit of the mass by weight as the normal mass, a little less than the real fraction 3/4 or 1/4, depending on how the Forms relations that quantify the factor of equivalence: m _τ, 8.280 g _{= Q 2} . _{9 f} 26.946 g _{= 0 711} m _g 36.226 g 'm _g 36.226 g

The equivalence factor from heavy mass to inert mass, and vice versa, gives dimensionless physical constants for the amount of zinc and copper, which have a numerical value of about 3 or about 1/3 within the aforementioned tolerance:

The general relationships of the various types of resting mass that exist as a result can be described by dimensionless elementary relations of equivalent heavy mass, inert mass, and weight mass: _} . .

The tolerance of the measured values shows agreement that the sum of the heavy mass of a substance quantity and the inert mass of the substance quantity is equal to the weight mass of the substance quantity: τn - nt _j + m_ _j (2) The physical separation of heavy mass and inert mass Using a vertical torsion balance, these measurement results, which are based on a physical basis that has not previously been used technically for the purposes of weighing the mass of substances and bodies, lead to the same result as that on a completely different physical basis have had the generally known experience in the field of nuclear physics for some time. Last but not least, this provides a physically uniform basis for testing and physically deciding the principle of equivalence of mass.

This connection can be seen from the fact that with the completely different technical means in the field of nuclear energy technology as well as atomic physics and particle physics, the same relations result - as dimensionless natural constants: the ratio values of the mass quantities measured directly by the physical separation of inert mass and heavy mass the same fractional numerical values of about 1/3 or 3 for all measurement samples within the tolerance, which describes the effect of the interaction of the so-called QUARKS of the kemmatter, which have never been demonstrated in free form: averaged over the measurement results of the three samples, instead of just one To make an overall estimate, the following result results from the technical method according to the invention described above in a tolerance of better than 1%:

^ S- = (0, 3114 ± 0.0078) - ^ = (3.2109 ± 0.0787)

5.3 Embodiment of a technical device system using a vertical torsion balance according to the invention for separating heavy mass and inert mass and using the method according to experience for weighing the size of inert mass and heavy mass for weighing pieces made of metal

FIGURE 6 shows an overview of the arrangement of the main components of the vertical torsion balance used to carry out the method. FIGURE 3, FIGURE 4, and FIGURE 5 show details of the arrangement and the technical implementation.

The vertical torsion balance - FIGURE 6 - consists of a weighing beam 12.

The weighted mass of the guide body with all components attached to it is approximately 2505 g without loads. The axial mass moment of inertia of the weight mass of all its components is approximately J = 21.72 g ² with respect to the main axis of rotation 0 '.

The arrangement of the guide body of the vertical balance has been identified in FIGURE 5.

The meaning of the abbreviations belonging to the figures is explained in the following

Figures used reference numerals "have been described in more detail.

Therefore, it is sufficient to refer to the characteristic features of the main components: According to the invention, the rotating fibers 11 consist of tear-resistant synthetic fiber. In the exemplary embodiment made of a highly tear-resistant plastic with a diameter <1 mm.

Why plastic is used according to the invention instead of steel, and how the compensation device according to the invention for the weak effect and the small torque of horizontal components of the field strength of the earth's rotation field due to the inert mass of the substance and the field strength of the earth's gravitational field due to the heavy mass of the substance is made with it, has been described above in SECTION 3 and has been named in the characterizing parts of the claims with regard to the technical features.

The weighting body and stabilizer body 10 which secures the frictional connection of the elastic solid bodies in the press seats, thereby maintaining the high guidance accuracy and at the same time maintaining the perpendicular main axis of symmetry and thereby maintaining the spatial distance between the secondary axes of rotation 0 ^" , 0 ^'" (FIG. 2, FIG. 3) made as a pierced lead ball weighing 2.36 kg. This combines over 94% of the weight of the guide body of the vertical scale. The lower MBS weighing container 9 and the upper MBT weighing container 8 are made of aluminum sheet. The signal generator 14 is built into the hollow profile of the upper basic profile of the guide body. It is made from a laser diode. This emits at a wavelength of around 660 nm. It consists of the LK laser head with directional and focusing optics, as well as electronic components for maintaining and controlling the laser signal. (FIGURE 5)

A glass plate 5 is arranged with structures 4 on the support bearing 2 as a guide for the deflection system for the signal beam. It is firmly on the bearing frame 3 of the elastic force bearing. The substructure of the bearing frame is fastened to a bricked-up wall 1, which is fixed on the concrete floor in the ground. The signal steering 6 is arranged on the glass plate. It is made from a 45 ° prism with a large base area. Whose totally reflecting surface serves as a mirror and deflection surface for the laser beam 7 to the signal receiver. The laser beam falls approximately 8500 mm from the main axis of rotation of the elastic axis of rotation system of the vertical torsion balance on the light-sensitive base of the phototransistor.

This catches the synchronous and coincident signal oscillation of the guide oscillation of the vertical balance with the weighing sample.

6. Description of the technical process for the separation of inert mass and heavy mass using the example of a "vertical balance" for metal bodies through the course of the process and measured variables of the practical implementation

Table 1

Weighing heavy mass and inert mass of a mixture of copper and zinc

Relative deviation of the sum of the heavy mass and inertial mass weighed separately according to the invention from the mass of the round brass body weighed in the conventional manner with the balance: +0.61%

Table 2

relative deviation of the sum of the heavily weighed mass weighed separately according to the invention and bear mass from the mass of the round brass body weighed in the conventional manner with the balance: +1.32% Table 3

Weighing heavy mass and inert mass of a mixture of copper and zinc

Relative deviation of the sum of the heavy mass and inertial mass weighed separately according to the invention from the mass of the round brass body which is weighed in a conventional manner with the balance: +0 0%

Table 4

Weighing heavy mass and inert mass of a very small amount of pure aluminum

Conventionally weighed mass of the round brass body: +9.8%

(The larger deviation is due to the increasing tolerance due to the smallness of the sample in relation to the vibrating body: The weighed mass of the aluminum plate of 0.5 g is less than 0.0002% of the weighed mass of the vibrating body of the torsion pendulum balance.) 7. Description of the technical process through functional diagram for the measuring ranges of a vertical balance

Functional diagram 1 for process example Table 1 for vertical scales

10.0 g weight mass in the idle state of the amount of substance in the falling state - technical arrangement for maintaining the state: weight scale

7.4 g inert mass at rest in an unstable equilibrium state - arrangement for reverberation of the state: vertical scales, upper guide area

2.4 g mass at rest in a stable equilibrium state - arrangement to maintain the state: vertical scale, lower guide area

plane of symmetry

7. Description of the technical process through functional diagram for the measuring ranges of a vertical balance

Functional diagram 2 for process example Table 2 for vertical scales

20.0 g weight in the state of rest of the amount of substance in the state of fall - technical arrangement for maintaining the state: weight scale

15.6 g inert mass at rest in an unstable equilibrium state - arrangement for maintaining the state: vertical scale, upper guide area

4.7 g heavy mass at rest in a stable equilibrium state - arrangement for maintaining the state - vertical scale, lower guide area

9. Description of the technical arrangement by figures - explanation of the reference numerals used in the figures

Figure 1 - Main symmetry levels of the torsional vibration when performing the method according to the invention by means of elastic force bearings and friction-free rotation zones

T _τ - simultaneous duration of a continuous-continuous guide vibration of the

Guide body of the measuring container with the amount of substance placed in the upper MBS container or the body to be weighed placed in the turning points of the guiding movement and a period of maintenance of the mass of the amount of substance in the rotating field in the state of rest near the unstable equilibrium position and main axis of symmetry of the leading vibration T _o - period of the half of the natural oscillation period of the unloaded vertical balance ε - constant size of the arc angle, full or half opening angle of the half oscillation r _s - simultaneous duration of a continuous-continuous guide oscillation of the

Guiding bodies of the measuring containers with the amount of substance placed in the lower MBS container or the body to be weighed placed in the turning points of the guiding movement and the period of time for maintaining the mass of the amount of substance in the gravitational field in the state of rest near the perpendicular and stable equilibrium position of the guiding vibration h _τ - arc height, Deviation of the guideway from ideal straight guidance between the

Turning points of the left-hand swing and the right-hand swing in the upper measuring range when the quantity of substance in the MBT measuring container changes into opposite resting places ε ε h _τ = r _τ sin— tan—

2 4

Ä _S - bend height, deviation of the guide path from ideal straight line between the

Turning points of the left-hand swing and the right-hand swing in the lower measuring range when the quantity of substance in the MBS measuring container changes into opposite resting places ε ε h _* = r, sinantan ^ss 2 4

/ - Mass moment of inertia of the guide body of the vertical torsion balance

Figure 2 - Separation of the friction-free and bearing play-free elastic solid rotation zones of the weighing beam of the torsional vibration balance by means of fiber bearings arranged close to one another in the vertically aligned weighing beam

DKl - upper elastic fiber rotating body

0 "- upper secondary axis of rotation

DK2 - lower elastic fiber swivel body

0 '"- lower secondary axis of rotation

0 '- main axis of rotation

PST - rigid weighing beam (rigid profile bar) r ' _s - distance main axis of rotation - lower secondary axis of rotation r' _τ - distance main axis of rotation - upper secondary axis of rotation r "- distance center of bearing holes for elastic fiber rotating body

Figure 3 - side view of the separation of the elastic axes of rotation of the base body

Vertical torsion balance and the arrangement of the weighing containers for the separate weighing of heavy mass and inert mass

0 - connecting line of the fiber bearings in the outer frame of the elastic force bearing

KFL - outer frame of the elastic force bearing

1,2 - fiber bearings arranged opposite each other in the outer frame

PST - profile body, rigid base body of the weighing beam

3,4 - fiber bearings arranged side by side in the vibrating rod

0 "- top spin level

0 '- main axis of rotation 0 '"- lower secondary rotation level r' _τ - constant distance upper secondary rotation level - main axis of rotation r ' _s - constant distance lower secondary rotation level - main axis of rotation

BK - stabilizer body, weighting body (lead body)

DK1 - upper fiber rotating body

DK2 - lower fiber rotating body

MBT - upper measuring container for weighing inert mass

MBS - lower measuring container for weighing heavy mass

Figure 4 - Frontal view of the separate torque levels of the main and secondary axes of rotation of the weighing beam of the torsional vibratory balance and vertical arrangement of the separate weighing containers for the separate weighing of heavy and inert mass below and above the average rotation level

0 - connecting line of the fiber bearings in the outer frame of the elastic force bearing 0 "- upper secondary axis of rotation

0 '- main axis of rotation

0 '"- lower secondary axis of rotation r - center distance of upper secondary axis of rotation - main axis of rotation r' _s - center distance of lower secondary axis of rotation - main axis of rotation r _τ - snychronic duration of a guide oscillation about the main axis of rotation and one

Period of rest of the inert mass of the amount of substance in the earth's rotation field in the MBT container T _s - snychronic duration of a guide vibration around the main axis of rotation and one

Period of rest of the heavy mass of the amount of substance in the earth's gravitational field in the MBS container MBT - upper measuring container / weighing container MBS - lower measuring container / weighing container KFL - bearing frame of the elastic force bearing BK - holding weight of the guide body, stabilizing body (lead body)

Figure 5- Guide body of a vertical torsion balance with stabilizer weight to maintain the main vertical symmetry position, laser signal transmitter, and lower measuring container and upper one. Measuring container for weighing heavy mass and inert mass of chemical substance and physical body

0 '- main axis of rotation

DKl - upper fiber rotary body

DK2 - lower fiber rotating body

Ul, OL - press seat upper bearing / press seat lower bearing

K1.K2- electrical contact pins

Sl, Ml - locking screw, lock nut

PST1 - upper part of the profile rod (aluminum hollow profile)

S2, M2 - locking screw, lock nut

Dl, M2 - lead wires to the laser head

LE - laser electronics

LK - laser head

LS - laser beam

MBT - upper measuring container / weighing container

PSTl - lower part of the profile bar (full brass profile)

DRl - 1st spacer ring for stabilizer body

DR2 - 2nd spacer for stabilizer body

BK - Stabilizer body (lead body)

MBS - lower measuring container / weighing container

Figure 6 - General view of a vertical torsion balance with a horizontally aligned

Frame of the elastic force bearing on a horizontally arranged base

0 '- main axis of rotation

1 - solid foundation, concrete floor and pillars in the ground 2 - support frame, anchored in the foundation

3 - outer frame of the elastic force bearing

4 - supports for the transparent cover

5 - transparent cover; glass plate

6 - laser beam deflection unit; Prism, metal mirror

7 - laser beam

8 - upper measuring container

9 - lower measuring container

10 - stabilizer body; Bleiköφer

12 - lower guide profile, guided by means of the lever bearing of the elastic fiber rotating bodies

13 - upper guide profile; mounted on the lower guide profile

14 - laser unit

Figure 7 - Overall view of the arrangement for separating inert mass and heavy mass of chemical substances and physical body

1 - Vertical torsion balance

2 - signal transmitter and signal steering (laser unit; mirror)

3 - signal receiver and transducer (sensor array; phototransistor)

4 - amplifier, measured value memory, arithmetic unit

5 - display unit of the duration of a period of rest of the goods to be weighed (quartz clock 1/1000 s)

Figure 8 - Known state of mass weighing through the balance of weight through the use of gravitational acceleration

Figure 8/1 - Equal-arm lever balance with roller bearings

1 - supporting foundation

2 - support bearing with rolling cup

3 - balance beam with roller cutting edge (cutting edge> 10 μm radius of curvature) m _a - unknown weight mass to be weighed m 'G - weights of known weight mass r - lever distance of the left side roller bearing for the left load shell r - lever distance of the right side roller bearing for the right load shell

Figure 8/2 - Schräαbatkenwaaoe after W. SCHWEYDAR turn 1925

1 - headboard

2 - twist thread, twist thread

3 - inclined rotary balance beam (for geodetic application) m _G - rotary balance mass (approx. 30 g) left of the thread attachment on the rotary balance beam m ' _a - rotary balance mass (approx. 30 g) right of the thread attachment on the rotary balance beam r - power arm of the left rotary balance mass when twisting the torsion thread r ^' - power arm of the right rotary balance mass when twisting the torsion thread Figure 8/3 - compensation balance with compensation of the weight

1 - headboard

2 - end piece

3 - Compensation device: magnetic coil, gravimeter spring, etc. F - counterforce to the weight (compensation force) g - gravitational acceleration, gravitational acceleration ^m S _<o "weight

Figure 8/4 - Levitation balance with elastic incline thread bearing (1996)

1 - headboard

2 - incline fibers (the double fiber prevents the balance beam from rotating)

3 - Schwebungswaagebaiken (in contrast to the lever balance beam mounted frictionless) m _G - mass to be weighed of a body to the left of the elastic suspension bearing ^' ₀ - mass to be weighed of a body to the right of the elastic suspension bearing r - arm of the weight of the body placed on the left load thread on the load pan r '- Power arm of the weight of the bodies placed on the right load thread on the load shell Figure 9 - Technical Terms horizontal components of the field strength of the Erdrotationsfeldes by rotating inertial mass and its own acceleration of inertial mass of the preservation of the condition of stable circulating movement about the axis of the earth by means of separate measuring ranges and stable Lothaltuπg of F ^Q hrungskδrpers φ to a vertical level - geographical latitude; Angular distance of the level of the balance with respect to the main rotation point 0 'of the guide body of the mass dividing scale and the center of gravity in the middle of the earth body in the middle of the earth equator

Ä _g - Distance of the location of the main turning point of the guide body from the center of the earth, for an ideal spherical normal surface is: R _E = 6371222 m

Ä _φ - distance of the location of the main turning point from the center of the daily orbit

^ _ Field strength of the earth's gravitational field in the direction of the shortest distance \ to the center of force for the maintenance of the general mass gravity of heavy mass; Normal field strength i ⁶ 'of the earth's gravitational field for any location on an ideally spherical normal surface due to the earth's mass M _{g of} the earth's body enclosed by a spherical surface of 5.9710 ²⁴ kg and the natural constant γ of general mass attraction 6.67310 ^"11 m * kg- ¹ s * by the law of experience of general gravitation by I. NEWTON (1643-1 27):

* rE = -7 * T * B ^≤ -9.814089 m / s ²

(-Ä _E ) ω _E - natural constants of the conservation of the earth's rotation field and the general rotation of inert mass in the earth's rotation effect with respect to the constant time period <*. an earth rotation period of 1 sidereal day of <^ = 86164, is normal second of world time:

^ = 72.921150 10 ^" s ^" rotational frequency constant of inertial mass per standard earth second

a> l = (-) ² H5.317494-10 ^"9 s ~ ² field constant for maintaining the earth rotation field and

<* B

Conservation constant of general mass rotation of inert mass

& _ Field strength of the earth rotation field ¹⁵¹ in the direction of the shortest (radial) distance R. to the center of force for maintaining the general mass rotation of inert mass with respect to a spherical normal earth surface: g ^ φ ^ ^ ω -iR ^ cosφ) eg for p = 54.08 ° of the orbit: # ^ (54.08 °) = -0.019875 m / s ²

Horizontal component of the meridional field strength of the earth's rotation field at the location of the balance in the direction of the longitude to the earth's poles and the astronomical meridian to the fixed world axis:

E _ω . _? (φ) = & W - (-it _E cosp) -sinp e.g. for f? = 54.08 ° of the orbit: ^^ (54.08 °) = -0.0160957 m / s ² (described by the mechanics as "centripetal" acceleration.)

Self-acceleration of the mass point of the inertial mass of the body maintains the stable state of rotation of the inertial mass by counter-acceleration of the same size against the horizontal mendional field strength in a horizontal meridional direction to the earth's equator as the mean equilibrium plane of the daily earth's rotation and to the sky equator of the daily apparent movement of the stars through the 24th -hour day star circle

_(F (^) = ü) ² _j - (- Λ _E cos ^) (-sin ^) e.g. for y? = 54.08 ° of the orbital circuit: g ^ (54.08 °) 3 +0.0160957 m / s ² (described by the mechanics as _r centrifugal acceleration.) Figure 10 - Arrangement for the physical separation of inert mass by tilting the

Level of rotation of the guide body in the horizontal plane for the sole use of the effect of the interaction of inertial mass and earth rotation field

LR - bearing frame for the outer press fit bearings and guide bearings D1, D2

MBH measuring container on the lever bearing side of the main axis of rotation for receiving the

Amount of substance in the first measuring cycle of the measuring process

MBK measuring container on the weighting body side for the absorption of the amount of substance in the second measuring step of the DKl measuring method - elastic upper guide body

DK2 - elastic lower guide body b - bearing center distance of the inner press fit bearings and inner guide bearings D3 and D4

0 of the guide body

£, - vertical upper precession and rotation angle of the front movable bearing

£, - vertical lower precession angle of rotation of the rear movable bearing:

£, - vertical precession angle of the guide body ε - periodic opening angle of the horizontal torsional vibration of the guide body

Figure 11 - Regulation of the elongation of the elastic bearing body and keeping the length of the bearing body constant as well as keeping the main axis of rotation stable by means of a compensation device arranged in the bearing frame for the elongation and a tension control for maintaining a constant tension in the rotating axis system

LR - storage frame

MBH - measuring container for taking up the amount of substance during the first measuring cycle of the measuring process

MBK - measuring container for taking up the amount of substance in the second measuring step of the measuring process

TJB - substructure

DK1, DK2 - upper and lower elastic guide bodies

D1, D2 - upper and lower rigid guide bearings

BK - weighting body

0 '- vertical main axis of rotation

SG - tendon, winding roller for the lower elastic guide body, serves the

Maintenance and control of the tension, as well as a height regulator for the turning level by increasing or reducing the length of the lower guide body that is freely movable in the inner frame part

Claims

claims

1. Arrangement for weighing inertial mass and heavy mass of physical bodies and chemical substances in an equivalent unit of a normal mass, characterized by

1.1 an arrangement for the technical use of the physical difference between the various forms of resting mass in the gravitational field of the earth in the form of heavy mass, in the rotational field of the earth in the form of inert mass, and in the gravitational field of the earth in the form of falling mass

1.2 a technical design of the arrangement according to claim 1.1, preferably by means of a rigid guide body and a friction-free bearing, whereby the physical effect of the universal neutral interaction of the various forms of mass for the stability of the mechanical guide movement of a weighable portion of a quantity of substance and for the self-excitation of a stationary one Vibration movement of the guide body is to be used technically

1.3 a measuring system for the simultaneous and coincident measurement of the constant time period and the constant distance physically sharply separated discrete points of the periodic

¹⁵ see persistence of the various forms of mass in the state of rest in the uniform field of the various neutral fields of the earth, and the independent fixed period and the fixed distance of the periodic turning points of the direction of rotation of the guide movement of the guide body, according to the invention by means of a technical arrangement according to claim 1.2 to achieve that the periodic turning points of the rotational movement of the guide body of the quantity of substance to be weighed and the periodic transition points of a certain type of mass in a quantity of substance into a state of their full effect due to a certain type of rest mass in the moments of simultaneous persistence all the more technologically indistinguishable coincide more precisely, the smaller the friction of the bearing, the better the efficiency of the groove

25 the effect of the neutral interaction by means of the bearing, and the higher the guiding accuracy of the guiding movement by means of the bearing.

2. Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that

2.1 the parts of the assembly are made for reducing the friction loss and to increase the ³⁰ guiding accuracy without roller bearings and plain bearings of the guide movement of the moveable parts, so that no friction surface inhibits movement, and no bearing gap interferes with the transfer movement so that the bearing losses are reduced to losses due to internal friction and increases the guiding accuracy down to the nano and picometer range

2.2 a device for measuring use of the small magnitude of the effect of the neutral interaction is a characteristic component of the arrangement, usually produced by means of a plurality of elastic rotating bodies (DK1, DK2) of the guide body (FIGURE 3); This ensures that the small torque caused by the constantly changing unequal directions of the constant effect of the neutral interaction of the horizontal components of the earth's rotation

40 eldes on the inert mass of a substance quantity, the earth's gravitational field on the heavy mass of the same substance quantity, and the earth's gravity field on the weight mass of the same substance quantity with an almost horizontal guiding movement of the substance quantity, is not lost technically useless, but minus the bearing loss due to internal friction and dissipation remain physically effective in the full size arrangement; because every field strength

⁴⁵ component acts on a different form of mass in a different direction and in a different size, there is always an average constant small effect (FUNCTIONAL SCHEME 1 TO TABLE 1 of the exemplary embodiment), which is carried out with a technically stable horizontal guidance of the amount of material of a body to be weighed in simultaneous periodic positions of the persistence of all material places the amount of material can be used according to the invention by means of a low-loss, accurate, and frictionless pivot bearing, for example in order to physically separate different forms of mass on this physical basis, and the sizes of a certain type of To experience mass physically through a measurand of its effect;

1 2.3 a stable keeping of the guiding movement of the measuring container for the absorption of the quantity of material to be weighed is achieved technically by means of a combination of movable rigid parts, permanently stably held together by strong closing forces, permanently rigidly held together and immobile rigid parts as well as elastic moving parts by means of a pure solid body bearing and is made; To achieve high stability, the movable rigid part, the guide body, and the immovable rigid part, the frame body, are manufactured as fine machine components from pressure and bending-resistant metallic material of high fatigue strength, for example the frame made of semi-finished products made of an AlMg alloy, and the support profile the guide body made of extruded profile made of hard brass and of hollow profile made of aluminum; (FIGURE 5)

₁₀ 2.4 a self-excitation of a periodic guiding movement of the measuring container in an almost horizontal plane of the transition of various forms of mass of a quantity of substance into horizontally opposite points of persistence in the state of rest in the transverse direction of an elastic connecting part of the rigid moving parts of the guiding body which can be moved in every position over its entire length and the rigid, immovable parts of the frame body are achieved technically by means of synthetic plastic bodies; According to the invention, a fixed, friction-free main axis of rotation 0 ^'of the guide body (FIGURE 2, FIGURE 3) is thus to be produced, which, except in press fits in the frame, has no physical contact with the moving parts and the immovable parts, so that the efficiency of the effect is high neutral interaction transversely to the neutral fiber of the elastic solid body and at right angles to the friction-free central main axis of rotation 0 ^{'produced in the} middle of the system of the elastic fixed body, and becomes a guiding accuracy for the characteristic small rotation angle of self-preservation of the guiding movement of far less than 0.2 ° ~ 0.003 [rad] from a deviation h from the horizontal guide movement at a mean constant distance r ~ 150 [mm] of

25 Maintenance of the horizontal guidance level and the weighing range of a substance quantity of a body of less than 300 [nm] nanometers is achieved, which is the technical characteristic feature of a high-precision bearing; The deviation h from an ideal straight-line guiding movement can be described as a function of a full opening angle ε between its turning points by the following relationships h = r -sm — tαn- approximately h s-r-ε

2.5 the elastic solid bodies, which receive the central main axis of rotation, are made of synthetic plastic with long molecular chains in the longitudinal direction, instead of metal or quartz

35 selected, specially processed semi-finished product made of high polymer plastic with long molecular chains in the solid structure, such as polyamide fiber, aramid fiber, or polyethylene fiber, is used, with which long solid bodies of up to half a meter or more can be produced with high longitudinal tensile strength and low transverse elasticity; (FIGURE 3, FIGURE 4)

2.6 Preßsitzlager receive the resilient pins of the resilient solid body, wherein for the lower ⁴⁰ of the bearing play suppression, a high pressing pressure increased by means of a strong leverage of

Weight force and a strong compensation force of the elastic solid body is brought into effect technically; For this purpose, a lever bearing is present in the guide body, and the guide body is manufactured with an asymmetrical mass distribution; to maintain a high accuracy of guidance ₄₅ are the Preßsitzflächen of highly hard material such as hardened steel or ceramic, and the lever bearing of hard-elastic material, such as steel and aramid

2.8 a compensation device for length compensation in order to compensate for the irreversible expansion of the soft material according to Claim 2.5 is installed in the bearing frame; In the simplest case, this is produced as a take-up roll, whereupon the elongated fiber has to be wound up by the stretching length, so that the cone angle of the plane of rotation of the guide body, which, in contrast to the pendulum of gravity, hangs just perpendicularly in the main plane of symmetry - FIGURE 1, FIGURE 4 - according to the invention can be obtained in a constant position against the main axis of rotation 0 ';

2.9 the compensation device according to CLAIM 2.8 also as an actuator for the maintenance of a 1 constant size of the guide force of the guide body in the longitudinal direction of the elastic solid body by a fixed size of the tensile stress is used, which can be controlled by winding or unwinding the elastic solid body, and thus adjusted;

2.10 a strong leader of the guide body in the longitudinal direction of the elastic solid body by means of an artificially produced asymmetrical distribution of the weight of the construction

⁵ parts of the guide body is preserved; for this purpose, a weighting body is mounted on the support profile, which has between 80 ... 98% of the total weight of the guide body; (FIGURE 5)

2.11 a horizontal arrangement of the frame on a fixed substructure receives a function and an action that is technically characterized by the horizontal main axis of rotation

_{10 of} the guide body, horizontal guide movement of an upper measuring container and a lower measuring container at right angles to the main horizontal axis of rotation, and perpendicular axis of symmetry, the stationary oscillation of the guide body which remains stable with the aid of this arrangement and the measuring container remains without additional artificial energy supply due to the constant use brought to technical use Effect of the physical universal neutral interaction of the various

• 5 which automatically obtain forms of static mass in the earth's gravitational field in the form of heavy mass, in the earth's rotation field in the form of inert mass, and in the earth's gravitational field in the form of weight mass due to the excited natural vibration of the guide body and the system of the elastic rotary body forming the main axis of rotation; - Horizontal main axis of rotation and horizontal guide movement with perpendicular axis of symmetry of the guide vibration are the characteristic technical feature of a vertical torsion balance or vertical balance - Figure 1; this embodiment of the arrangement described above is the technical preferred solution for the production of a device system for distinguishing inert mass and heavy mass and for separating these types of mass from the weight mass, as well as for measuring the size of the inert mass and size of the

25 heavy mass of a certain amount of a chemical substance and physical body;

2.12 a vertical arrangement of the frame on a fixed substructure receives a function and an action which is technically characterized by the vertical main axis of rotation of the guide body, horizontal guide movement of a front measuring container and a rear measuring container perpendicular to the vertical main axis of rotation, and horizontal axis of symmetry, which

³⁰ this arrangement aid obtained steady oscillation of the Führungsköφers and the measuring container remains without additional artificial energy supply by the placed on the technical use effect of the neutral interaction of the various forms of static mass by heavy mass in the earth's gravitational field, by inertial mass in Erdrotationsfeld, and weight mass in

__ Earth gravity field preserved automatically, this arrangement works because in contrast to the vertical

35 torsion balance lack of bondage to the vertical direction and easy freedom of movement in the horizontal plane technically like a constantly working field machine; - vertical main axis of rotation with horizontal guide movement and horizontal axis of symmetry of the guide vibration are the characteristic technical features of an asymmetrical horizontal torsion balance or 40 one-armed torsion balance; this embodiment of the arrangement described above is the technical preferred solution for the production of a field strength measuring instrument for measuring the spatial variations and the temporal fluctuations in the field strength of the earth's rotational field.

3. Arrangement according to Claim 1 and Claim 2, characterized in that ⁴⁵ 3.1 the arrangement is a device system for measuring the size of the inert mass and size of the heavy mass of a certain amount of a chemical substance and physical body, and has two main technical components,

3.2 a vertical torsion balance according to Claim 2.8, and

3.3 a measuring system, which typically has the following components

3.4 is a time measuring system for measuring the duration of the transition of the guide body and the measuring container with the amount of substance filled therein in opposite positions of persistence in the state of rest left and right of the perpendicular main axis of symmetry (FIGURE 1)

1 3.5 the time measurement system, for example, as an electronic short-time measurement system with a quartz clock-controlled digital time display in conjunction with a laser signal system, which increases the vibratory movement of the guide body; The constant period of the natural vibration of an unloaded guide body and a guide body loaded with a fabric sample with a tolerance in the nanosecond range can thus be measured in a few minutes with this

⁵ accuracy, the transition period T _{o of} the unloaded guide body, the transition period 7 ' _{τ of} the guide body loaded with a quantity of substance in the upper measuring container above the main axis of rotation, and the transition period T _{τ of} the guide element loaded with the same quantity of substance in the lower measuring container below the main axis of rotation are thereby known ; (FIGURE 1; FIGURE 4)

₁₀ 3.6 a length measuring system for measuring the distance of a central point of action of the total amount of substance, for example the center of volume (homogeneous substances), or the center of gravity of the weight of the substance from the fixed point of rest of the continuously vibrating guide body in the main axis of rotation 0 '; a manual mechanical length measuring system instead of an electronic semi-automatic length measuring system by means of line marks in a known manner

15 Marking the points of action economically, it offers sufficient tolerance down to the micrometer range for a number of applications; with this accuracy the distance r _{τ of} an upper point of action of a test sample above the lower fixed rest point 0 ^'of the main axis of rotation, (FIGURE 2) and the distance r _{s of} a lower point of action of the same test sample below the higher fixed point of rest 0 ^{' of} the main axis of rotation is thereby known; (FIGURE 1; FIGURE 4) 3.7 a signal system, an amplifier system for the signal currents, and a display system for the measured variables are further components which can be produced in a manner known per se; these parts of the measuring system mainly solve the technical problem according to the invention, the resolution of the measured variables Movement of the unloaded and the loaded guide body

25 improve, so that despite the smallness of the difference in the measured variables, a reliable measurement result is obtained; since the discrete spatial distance of the simultaneous location of the persistence of all material particles of a sample of a test specimen in one of the measuring containers in the state of rest, and the coincidentally measured greatest distance between the turning points of the direction of the horizontal vibration of the guide body is generally in the range of micrometers, one has to, um on the

30 magnification in the range of millimeters or centimeters in the reading area, and thus to improve the resolution of the length measurement of the discrete distance, and thereby to increase the measurement accuracy of the arc width, the angle of rotation, the time size of the transition period, etc., at least 50 times up to 100-fold enlargement of the vibration quantities of the guide body

-_ reach the display quantities of the vibration quantities; according to the invention by means of the signal

35

To create systems technically, for example by means of a laser emitter built into the guide body - FIGURE 5 - which serves as a signal generator by converting the vibrations of the material points into light vibrations which are easier to observe and easier to enlarge; With a signal receiver in the form of a phototransistor at a distance of 10 m on a measuring wall, 40 increases in spatial resolution by a factor of 100 can be realized (FIGURE 7); with an electronic amplifier connected downstream of the signal receiver, the way of converting mechanical oscillation into laser oscillation, and from laser light impulse into electrical impulse and time measuring impulse, ultimately leads to the aforementioned accuracy of the time measuring system according to ANSPRUCH 3.5 in the nanosecond range; (METHOD EXAMPLE TABLE 1 TO TABLE 4).

45

4. Arrangement according to claim 1, claim 2, and claim 3, characterized in that

4.1 the frame body (3, FIG. 3) of the vertical torsion balance is made from a closed metal profile made of aluminum and is approximately 70 cm long and approximately 45 cm wide

4.2 the guide body (13, FIG. 6) of the vertical torsion balance is made from a two-part rectilinear metal carrier (FIG. 5), below the elastic rotating body (11, FIG. 6), the lower measuring container (9) is mounted on the carrier, the upper measuring container (9, 6) is arranged at the opposite end of the carrier, where the laser emitter (14, FIG. 6) is located in the cavity of the carrier. 1 is arranged

4.3 the lever bearing-guided profile piece (PST1, FIG. 5) of the carrier of the guide body of the vertical torsion balance is made from a hard-drawn solid metal piece made of brass approx. 20 cm long and 8 mm in diameter

4.4 the press seat pieces are made in two parts from an upper seat bearing (OL, Figure 5) and ⁵ a lower seat bearing (UL, Figure 5), they are made of hardened steel, and are fixed to the

Carrier connected with a special aramid fastening

4.5 the lever bearing by means of the press-fit bearing pieces, and by means of drill holes drilled through the carrier in the longitudinal direction of the carrier in positions 0 ^" and 0 ^" (FIG. 2)

₁₀ channels is produced, the drilling channels accommodate the elastic fiber bodies arranged opposite (DK1 in 0 ", DK2 in 0", Figure 2); the elastic rotary bodies are thereby pulled through in opposite directions and, in the operating state, sit firmly with their thickened end journals in the opposite seat bearing pieces with high pressure,

4.6 the asymmetrical mass distribution of the guide body is produced by means of a weighting body 15 (10, FIG. 6), for example by means of a lead ball (BK, FIG

5), is drilled in the drill channel of 8 mm in diameter, so that it can be arranged like a barrel weight on the lever bearing-guided support profile, so that according to the invention the adjustment of the longitudinal forces in the elastic fixed bodies, thus the stability of the main axis of rotation, is controlled, and physically the moment of inertia J of the guide body is thus determined by the weighting body being manufactured with a weight of generally 80% ..98% of the total weight of the guide body; to determine these two screwable ring locks (DR1 and DR2, Figure 5), between which stuck after adjustment

4.7 the signal transmitter (14, FIG. 6) of the signal system is to be arranged by expanding it into an electronically equipped guide body, preferably so that the light beam (LS, FIG. 5) emerges in a straight line extension of the carrier axis;

4.8 the measuring container system is produced with measuring containers (MBS and MBT, FIG. 5) arranged approximately centrally by the lever bearing; This means that the technical process of exchanging the total amount of substance of the body to be weighed

^{30 first achieved} according to the invention that the mean constant effect of the neutral interaction of the various forms of rest mass of the amount of substance and the different components of the neutral field strengths of the independent neutral fields of the earth on the amount of substance can be artificially adjusted to a new size by a technically safe reproducible method, the how- _β _. which is therefore independent of the effect of gravity, just like the one previously caused by the neutral one

35

Interaction has been brought into effect, so that it is technically achieved that physically, in principle, independent measurements of the constant effect of the neutral interaction are to be carried out under otherwise identical measuring conditions, that is, with the same balance, with the same amount of substance, under the same environmental conditions; a preferably technical

40 African version is an adjustable attachment, for example, the carrier of the guide body is made of two carrier profiles (PST2 and PST1, Figure 5), one of which is designed as an extension of the lever-guided carrier profile, made of a hollow profile about 15 cm long and 1 cm wide, this carries a measuring container (MBT, Figure 5) so that it can be moved along with it in the longitudinal direction on the lever-guided support profile; by means of set screws (S1 and S2, Figure 5) and ⁵ retaining nuts (M1 and M2, Figure 5), they are locked in the adjusted end position on the lever-guided support profile

4.9 the measuring container for the maintenance of the left and right oscillation of a quantity of a body in the upper guide area (functional diagram 1 or 2 for process example 1 or 2) above the main axis of rotation of the finished guide body of the vertical scale (8, Figure 6), and the measuring container for the maintenance the left and right oscillation of the same amount of substance of the same body (functional diagram 1 or 2 for process example 1 or 2) in the lower guide area below the main axis of rotation (9, Figure 6) each with a smooth inner surface and footprint as one 1 fixed level of the length measurement for the distance measurements according to CLAIM 3.6 is provided; the measuring containers are usually made of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, or of glass

4.10 the signal transmitter preferably consists of a laser device, the laser head (LK, FIG. 5) being housed together with a laser diode which generally shines in the visible or infrared range and the laser electronics (LE, FIG. 5) in the unscrewable profile part; This has the advantage that the signal transmitter and electronics can be quickly replaced and easily replaced if necessary without affecting the other device functions

4.11 the laser pulse (LS, Figure 5) of the signal generator the moments of the simultaneous transition of the entire amount of substance of the whole body in places of persistence in the state of rest in

₁₀ neutral field due to the turning points made directly visible at the end of the horizontal running direction of the laser beam (7, FIG. 6) on the collecting screen, the sharper the measurement and the more precisely measurable it is, the greater the distance the collecting screen with the signal receiver (3, FIG. 7) in the equipment system of the mass separator manufactured in this way is placed away from the vertical torsion balance; at a distance of about 10 m

15 guide level of the measuring container of approximately 0.15 m about the main axis of rotation with the arrangement described above to an approximately 70-fold increase in the discrete distance of the material positions which remain in sharply separated rest positions in the state of the rest mass; This distance is not measured directly according to claim 1, because what is technically difficult first and from a certain measurement limit is no longer physically feasible, but measured coincidently by means of a comparative scale, which is the signal oscillation of the guide oscillation of the vertical balance by means of the distance between the turning points Technically manufactured in the manner described above: by means of the largest deflection range of the laser amplitude on the collecting screen, the small discrete distance is the same as the

25 physically sharply separating into the state of rest, and for a practically immeasurably brief moment persistent in this state physically sharply separates the entire amount of material, to be measured directly by the horizontal propagation of the laser oscillation; In this way, a physically precise measurement of the state variables for any quantity of chemical substance and physical body that can be weighed, which can be achieved by

³⁰ different forms of rest mass can be experienced physically and measured by equivalent sizes of independent types of rest mass

4.12 the signal steering system for deflecting the signal to the predetermined receiver point (3, FIG. 7) on the measuring wall, which is used to shorten the signal path for a space-saving design of the device system, and for the technical production of a compact arrangement of high measuring accuracy, by means of a totally reflecting Prism (6, Figure 6), a metal mirror evaporated on glass (2, Figure 7), or is produced in another known manner

4.13 a mass dividing scale, which is produced in the manner described above, characteristically consists of five characteristic technical function blocks (FIG. 7),

401. from a vertical balance (1) with a horizontal main axis of rotation 0 ^'

2. from a signal steering system (2) for the laser signal from the scale to the signal receiver

3. from a signal receiver (3) with a derivative of the signal currents

4. to an amplifier system (4) of the signal currents, and

5. from a display device (5) for the signal pulses ⁴⁵ converted into measuring pulses and measured variables by means of a mass separator manufactured in this way are physically principally independent types of

Resting mass, through the physical effects of which the chemical substance and the physical body are preserved under conditions under which the gravitational acceleration and gravitational gravity have practically no effect, to be measured directly with a measuring accuracy better than ± 0.8%, (PROCEDURE-

EXAMPLES IN TABLE 1, TABLE 2, and TABLE 3)

5. A method for weighing the size of independent types of glory masses of chemical substances and physical bodies under conditions of disappearance of the effect of gravitational or inertial mass acceleration by means of a technical arrangement according to Claim 1, Claim 2, Claim 3, and / or Claim 4, thereby characterized in that

5.1 by means of a left-right vibration in the upper guide area, an unstable equilibrium state of the weight of a quantity of substance can be artificially created, which works by the fact that this is due to the effect of the gravitational acceleration due to the heavy mass and the gravitational acceleration due to the weight mass according to all known physical Experience with absolute certainty does not automatically move back into the vertical central position of the balance, but on the contrary, with the slightest deviation from it, is deflected further from the vertical position by the attraction of the heavy mass to the earth; that means the return movement to the vertical position, so that the transition \ n the opposite resting point, and the horizontal oscillation movement between these points is obtained in the upper measuring range by the effect of the inert mass of the quantity of material by the guide acceleration of the elastic rotary body axis system of the balance and the horizontal component of the Acceleration of rotation of the earth; this results in the measurement method according to the invention of the size of the inertial mass through physical quantities which are to be measured in relation to the upper management level of the amount of substance, such as

(1) mean constant period T _{τ of} the simultaneous transition of all material points of the entire amount of substance of the whole body to the state of rest, the time measurement is non-contact, for example according to Claim 4.11 by means of half the oscillation period of the guide vibration of the guide body between the turning points of the signal movement

(2) mean constant distance r _{τ of} the center of gravity of the weight of the amount of substance added over the fixed rest of the guide body in the axis of rotation, the measurement is carried out, for example, according to ANSPRUCH 3.6 by measuring the distance when inserting the amount of substance in the measuring container - movement quantities of the guide body, which Receives the amount of material in a horizontal guiding movement, but moves itself in a completely different form of movement under the effect of its weight around a fixed axis in the earth's gravity field; these quantities are to be experienced by torsional vibrations of a rotary oscillator and pendulum movements of a heavy pendulum, as a result certain quantities of the effect of the weight mass are known, whereby the size of the inert mass of the amount of substance can be found out by an effect which results from a change in the period of a torsional oscillation or pendulum movement In principle, it is physically indistinguishable; in this way, the sizes of the torsion vibrator and the pendulum are to be described and measured according to the invention as physically arbitrarily exactly equivalent, physically indistinguishable measured space-time variables and effect variables, with the aid of which a physically reliable determination of the Size of the inert mass of the weighed amount of substance, and to measure this size is to come directly in the unit of the weight mass; for the measurement of the size of the inertial mass by this method, measure (3) half the constant oscillation period T _{o of} the unloaded guide body, and

(4) axial mass moment of inertia J _{τ of} the dead weight of the guide body and the weight of the amount of substance added in the upper measuring container;

5.2 by means of a left-right vibration in the lower guiding area, a stable state of equilibrium of a quantity of substance can be artificially produced, which works in reverse through a higher fixed support point and axis of rotation, which can be observed in that due to the effect of the gravitational acceleration of gravity the entire quantity of substance even the vertical center position of the balance strives when it is moved out of this position, that is, a reversal of the effect of the earth's rotation by inertial mass in the unstable equilibrium state and the earth's gravity by heavy mass in the stable equilibrium state can be experienced physically; this results in the measurement method according to the invention of the size of the heavy mass by means of physical quantities which can be experienced with the same quantity of the same substance by means of independent measurement quantities of the effect at the lower management level of the quantity of substance. ren are, and which are to be described mathematically strictly separated by similar sizes of the effect in both measuring ranges by equations of the same shape; from this it follows that for the measurement of the size of the heavy mass it is characteristic to carry out a second measuring method, with which the following quantities are to be measured in the same way as for the first measuring method according to Claim 5.1 in relation to the lower management level of the amount of substance (1) mean constant period T _s the simultaneous transition of all material points of the entire amount of substance of the whole body into the state of rest

(2) mean constant distance r _{s of} the center of gravity of the weight of the amount of material added under the fixed position of rest of the guide body in the axis of rotation (3) half constant period T _{o of} the natural vibration of the unloaded guide body (4) axial mass moment of inertia _{s of} the total weight of the guide body and that in quantity of substance added to lower measuring container;

5.3 by means of both measuring methods according to claim 5.1 and claim 5.2, the size of the heavy mass and the size of the inertial mass of any weighable amount of a chemical substance and physical body by means of measured variables, which depend on the movement and effect quantities of a torsional vibration and a pendulum movement of the weight mass of the balance and the weight of the weighed body are physically indistinguishable in principle, they can be measured physically, separately, by means of a uniform technical process, which is due to the use of similar measured quantities in relation to independent measuring ranges by means of identical measurement equations for the quantity m _{τ of} the inertial mass measured in accordance with Claim 5.1 and for the size m _{s of} the heavy mass measured according to Claim 5.2 by physically certain parameters by mathematically strictly distinguishable quantities

is, and by maintaining the physically directly measured size of the heavy mass and the size of the inert mass in the metrologically independent by means of a weight balance of the choice physically directly measured size m _{Q of} the weight mass of the same amount of the same substance m _s + nt _τ = m _G as the unchangeably constant physical conservation quantity of the size of the inert mass and the size of the heavy mass of the amount of the substance physically determined in the manner described above can be experienced physically directly.