DE102019006594A1 - Combination absolute gravimeter - Google Patents

Abstract

Absolute gravimeters offer the user the absolute measurement of the acceleration due to gravity of a test mass with the unit of length and the unit of time without the absolute measurement of the force by means of reference marks on the test body with a distance measurement with a wavelength standard and with a short-term standard Combination absolute gravimeters offer the user the full range of applications for absolute measurement of gravitational acceleration and the gravitational force, the inertial acceleration and the inertial force, and the superposition acceleration and superposition force as well as the gravitational acceleration and the falling force of a test mass with the unit of mass, the unit of length, and the unit of time by means of reference marks in the test body with a vector interval measurement with a Microinterval time standard, with a microinterval length standard, and with a microinterval angle standard with a microscale system with solid-state microstructures.

Description

This invention is linked by an application for an additional patent with the German patent application with the file number DE10201903869 for a "digital electronic absolute gravimeter with microstructure systems and microinterval measuring method with 3-mass type sensor with standardized mass structure with standardized gravitational, inert and weighed mass with the unit of mass, in particular for space and aviation applications as well as strong gravity measurement in micro-space and nano-space".

Scope of the invention

The invention relates to a combination absolute gravimeter.

• 1. der Gravitationsbeschleunigung der schweren Masse eines Testkörpers in lotparalleler Richtung zum Erdkörper,
• 3. der Trägheitsbeschleunigung der trägen Masse des Testkörpers in antiparalleler Richtung,
• 4. der resultierenden (Fall-)Beschleunigung der Gravitationsbeschleunigung und Trägheitsbeschleunigung,
• 5. der Gravitationskraft der schweren Masse des Testkörpers in lotparalleler Richtung zum Erdkörper,
• 6. der Trägheitskraft der trägen Masse des Testkörpers in antiparalleler Richtung,
• 7. der resultierenden (Fall-)Kraft der schweren Masse und der trägen Masse,
• 8. der Wechselwirkungskraft der Gravitationskraft und der Trägheitskraft.

More precisely, the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for the combined absolute determination and absolute measurement

• 1. the gravitational acceleration of the heavy mass of a test body in a perpendicular direction to the earth body,
• 3. the inertial acceleration of the inertial mass of the test body in the anti-parallel direction,
• 4. the resulting (fall) acceleration of gravitational acceleration and inertial acceleration,
• 5. the gravitational force of the heavy mass of the test body in a perpendicular direction to the earth's body,
• 6. the inertial force of the inertial mass of the test body in the anti-parallel direction,
• 7. the resulting (falling) force of the heavy mass and the inertial mass,
• 8. the force of interaction of the force of gravity and the force of inertia.

Background of the invention and the technical problem to be solved

It is known that the task and aim of absolute gravity measurement is to measure the gravitational acceleration of a body at a fixed location on the earth's surface with the highest accuracy with the acceleration unit absolutely determined from the basic units of length and time. Such absolute measurements of the acceleration due to gravity were seldom carried out until about the second half of the 20th century due to the great effort and the considerable investments and were mostly carried out in national projects by large metrological or geodetic or geophysical institutes and institutions. [Ref. 1; 2]

For example, the absolute measurement of the _{gravitational acceleration with an accuracy of g o} = 9.812601 ± 0.000003 [Lit.3] at the Potsdam location is the result of a long-term project of almost 20 years with several reversion oscillators with the length measurement of the distance "L" of the center of oscillation from Center of rotation with an accuracy of up to ± 15 µm with a vacuum interferometer with plane mirrors on the reversing cutting edges at the limit of measurement accuracy with this method, in combination with a time measurement of the oscillation period T of a half-oscillation in a vacuum with an accuracy of up to ± 72 ns with the Clock frequency of 100 kHz of an electrical clock counter with an angular amplitude of approx. 6 mrad between the steady and turning points of the half-oscillation. The absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration with the basic units of length and time is based on an absolute determination with the basic form of the pendulum law according to G _ALILEI and H _UYGENS in the form $${\text{G}}_{\text{O}}={\left(\mathrm{\pi }/\mathrm{{\rm T}}\right)}^2\cdot \text{L or}{\text{. G}}_{\text{O}}=\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^2\cdot \text{L.}\right)/{\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="T" filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png" state="{{state}}">T</figure-callout>}}^2,$$

The disadvantage is that an absolute determination and absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration of the gravitational force of the heavy mass of the body cannot be physically carried out with this aforementioned method and cannot be offered technically.

In order to solve this problem, the task is to physically carry out and technically carry out the absolute determination and absolute measurement of the gravitational force with the basic unit of mass, length and time. This task cannot be solved with the aforementioned method, because the aforementioned component of the absolute determination and absolute measurement of the gravitational force of the heavy mass of the body with the basic unit of the mass is missing.

It is known that at the beginning of the 21st century, new projects for precision measurement of the acceleration due to gravity using space technology under microgravity conditions have been tackled and partially completed.

One example is the absolute measurement of the acceleration due to gravity with test bodies in satellite bodies with an accuracy down to the femtometer range of the unit of acceleration under subfemto-g _o conditions in a European project recently completed with an investment volume of around ½ billion. [Lit.4]

The absolute measurement of the acceleration is carried out with the basic units of length and time with a determination of the center of gravity of quasi-cubic test bodies made of high-purity gold-platinum alloy with a weighed mass on the earth's surface with the accuracy of the weighing down to the gram range, with (1.928 ± 0.001 ) kg, with an interferometric length measurement of the distance between the centers of gravity or center of gravity marks of the test bodies with the highest accuracy from the release in the satellite body into free fall in space by means of a special release device, in combination with a drag-free navigation of the satellite by means of a nanonewtons -Engine control. As a result, with an accuracy of up to ± 5.2 · 10 ^-15 m / s ^2, a difference in the gravitational acceleration of the test bodies due to different gravitational acceleration of the sun and the earth as well as other gravitational sources cannot be determined and absolutely cannot be measured.

The disadvantage is that, as with the aforementioned terrestrial method, the difference between the acceleration due to gravity and the acceleration due to gravity cannot be measured at all, and that the new information hoped for for a deeper understanding of the natural laws of gravity and inertia with the measurement of a significant difference between heavy mass and of inert mass may not be obtainable under subfemto-g _o conditions.

To solve the task of absolute determination and absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration, according to the invention, the task of the absolute determination of the gravitational force with the basic unit of mass, length and time must be physically carried out and technically carried out.

To solve this problem, a technical method and a technical arrangement is to be created with the basic unit of mass, with the basic unit of length, and with the basic unit of time, whereby an absolute determination and absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration of the gravitational force of the heavy mass of a test body in a perpendicular direction to the earth's body, and the inertial acceleration of the inertial force of the inertial mass of the test body in the anti-parallel (opposite) direction, and the resulting (fall) acceleration of the gravitational acceleration and inertial acceleration in the resulting (fall) direction to the earth body.

The problem is if one of these components is missing in an arrangement and / or in a method, e.g. if the physical method of absolute determination and the technical method of absolute measurement of the heavy mass of a test body with the basic unit of mass are missing, then the gravitational acceleration cannot be measured at all , and absolutely not to experience a difference between the gravitational acceleration and the gravitational acceleration.

One example of this in the terrestrial area is the great variety of mechanical oscillators in the area of prospecting exploration of mineral resources using a gravimetric method with technical classification mainly as pendulums with time measurement, e.g. US 9291742B2 or US 9507048B2 or US 1787536A . Characteristic for this is the absolute measurement of the acceleration due to gravity with the base unit of length and time without an absolute measurement of the heavy mass of the oscillating body with the base unit of length and with the base unit of mass.

Such arrangements and methods are characterized by a length measurement of the distance "L" of the center of oscillation from the center of rotation and support force of the weight of the weighed mass of the oscillating body in the bearing system with a length measuring device of choice, and by a time measurement of the period of oscillation "T" of a full oscillation Half oscillation with a time measuring device of choice, by means of an absolute determination and absolute measurement of the acceleration due to gravity g _o with an analogous form to the aforementioned form (1.1) with an equation of the form $${\text{G}}_{\text{O}}={\left(\mathrm{2\pi }/\mathrm{{\rm T}}\right)}^2\cdot {\text{L or g}}_{\text{O}}=\left(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="4th\; \pi "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">4th</figure-callout>}{\mathrm{\pi }}^{}{\mathrm{}}^2\cdot \text{L.}\right)/{\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="T" filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png" state="{{state}}">T</figure-callout>}}^2,$$

Yet another example of known arrangements and methods preferred in the prior art for the absolute determination and absolute measurement of the acceleration due to gravity with the most precise length measurement with a stabilized laser wavelength, e.g. with iodine-stabilized laser light, and with the most accurate short-term measurement with molecular resonance frequency clocking with atomic clocks are offered by the free-fall absolute gravimeters, e.g. after US 7451645B2 or US 8978465B2 , and the throw and free fall absolute gravimeters.

The advantage is that the acceleration due to gravity can be measured absolutely at almost any location on the solid surface of the earth with an accuracy down to the nano range of the unit of acceleration up to approx. ± 10 nm / s ² , with less expenditure of time and less investment and costs Investment costs of up to approx. € 3/4 million per absolute gravimeter.

The disadvantage is that a technical arrangement and a technical method of the combined absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration of the earth's body and the gravitational acceleration of the body to the earth's body cannot be offered.

Another disadvantage of the above-mentioned methods of absolute measurement of the acceleration due to gravity by means of mechanical oscillators, which cannot be ignored, is that they are carried out with technical means based on principles and requirements of known pendulum laws from the mechanics of the mass point, which are technically obvious because they are physically proven since the discovery of the free pendulum as an excellent means for more precise time measurements in combination with an absolute determination of the acceleration due to gravity with the basic form (1) of _GALILEI 's pendulum law.

The disadvantage of technical developments on this basis is that physical principles and technical requirements are not known and are not available, whereby the formulation and solution of the task of creating and offering a mechanical oscillator as an excellent means of combined absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration of heavy mass and the acceleration of inertia of inert mass and the acceleration due to gravity of weighed mass of a test and oscillating body with the SI unit of mass must be physically described and technically implemented.

One example is the conception and requirement known from technical mechanics that the most important variable in the measurement of an oscillation is the full oscillation time of a half oscillation or a full oscillation. [Lit.5]

The progress of short-term measurement as well as the absolute measurement of the position of an oscillator with digital absolute positioning by means of microelectronics and computer science offers completely new possibilities for time measurement of a vibration amplitude, which cannot be seen or recognized, e.g. in the form of the task, the creation of a technical process a real-time micro-interval measurement of the movement of the center of gravity of an oscillator during the period of a half oscillation using digital electronic clocking methods down to the microsecond and nanosecond range in combination with a technical method of absolute measurement of the heavy mass of the oscillator body with the basic unit of mass.

In combination with further technical advances, in particular in the area of the methods of spatial absolute position measurement and real-time interval measurement of the plane angle and the length of the path of a center of gravity vector of a plane oscillator, e.g. with organic or inorganic microstructures, the task of the combined absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration, acceleration of inertia and acceleration due to gravity with the means available in the state of the art, with the aim of gaining qualitative information on the natural laws of gravity and gravity, which cannot be physically achieved and technically not possible with the aforementioned methods of absolute measurement of acceleration due to gravity create are.

In this regard, technical mechanics and experimental physics in particular offer a variety of examples of special technical processes and arrangements, such as gravimetric pendulums, graphic pendulums, or writing pendulums [Lit.6], which are further improved with the means available from the state of the art, e.g. in direction the increase in the accuracy of the gravity measurement with improved full-time measurement of the half-oscillation or full oscillation, or with improved illustration of known pendulum laws such as (1), e.g. with digital recording of the writing curve of a pendulum track with a digitizing pen on the pendulum body, e.g. with a position indicator device US7149647 with HF inductive loops in the tablet body under the pendulum body, or with a seam telemetry method with a multi-channel microcontroller US 6909426 or with a pen tablet US 2018/0181221 .

The disadvantage is that the generally desired gain in qualitative new information regarding the knowledge of the natural laws of gravity and gravity cannot be achieved technically and cannot be obtained physically because the task of creating and using an arrangement and a method with absolute determination and absolute measurement the heavy mass, the inert mass, and the weighed mass of a mechanical oscillator with the SI unit of the mass is unsolved.

A technical arrangement and a technical process, with which the task of the absolute determination and absolute measurement of the heavy mass and the inertial mass with the weighed mass of a test and oscillating body is solved, has been made known for the first time and has become available with DE10201903869 .

The technical problem to be solved consists in creating an arrangement and a method based on this, with which the aforementioned disadvantage can be remedied with the creation of a technical arrangement and a technical method of a combined absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration of the earth's body and the gravitational acceleration of the body, which with the aforementioned arrangements and methods without absolute determination of the heavy mass and the inertial mass with the weighed mass of the oscillator, it is technically impossible and cannot be physically offered.

In other words, it is known, for example from [Lit.7], that with absolute gravimeters of known design a significant deviation of +0.137 mm / s ² is measured with two completely independent measurements of the gravitational acceleration at the same location with respect to the same height level. As is known, this is interpreted in such a way that a measurement error may be present here.

The disadvantage of this view is that information with regard to possibly unknown natural laws of gravity and mass cannot be recognized with known measuring methods, and that an indication of a technical process that may possibly be successfully created cannot be recognized, not in the sense of a Measurement error, but in the sense of the systematic lack of a technical process and a physical principle to create security in a physically open question with an inevitable technical measurement process that cannot be created or offered with absolute gravimeters in the state of the art of the 20th century is. However, this can be technically created with the possibilities and means available in the state of the art of the 21st century and offered to the user.

It is to be experienced with the also from this slightly different point of view under the aforementioned conception of a physically open question and demand for closing the relevant gap in the current knowledge of the natural laws of gravity and mass with an absolute gravimeter, which cannot be offered with known absolute gravimeters that the gravitational acceleration and gravitational acceleration of the body to the earth's body is indeed to be measured systematically and many times greater than the absolute value of the gravitational acceleration of the body to the earth's body.

From the following it follows that the gravitational acceleration can be measured by almost 1/3 million larger than can be quantified with the aforementioned known small difference between the two most accurate gravity measurements worldwide with reversion transducers at the former Potsdam fundamental value of gravity, namely with the magnitude of 39 , 8 m / s ² ± 0.4 m / s ² .

This means that a systematically unmeasured quantity can be experienced and measured almost four times by means of known measuring technology, which cannot be experienced with the aforementioned technique and technology of measuring the gravitational acceleration of the body to the earth's body, and that with the aforementioned form (1) of the laws of nature of free fall and the severity cannot be described.

Main features, essential method steps, and characteristic components of the combined absolute determination and absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration, the inertial acceleration, and the gravitational acceleration are described below. A preferred technical embodiment with a combination absolute gravimeter is described in more detail below.

Description of an arrangement and a method of the combined absolute determination and absolute measurement of gravitation, inertia, and the interaction of gravitation and inertia of mass with digitized vertical distance signal vector micro-intervals with a three-mass sensor

The technical task to be solved of the absolute determination and the absolute measurement is, more precisely, a length, time and angle measurement of the absolute position and direction of the Center of gravity vector during a fall amplitude and the absolute position and direction of the oscillation point vector of a mechanical oscillator during a rise amplitude with a double amplitude of a fall and rise amplitude, and to combine this with an absolute determination and absolute measurement of the heavy mass and the inertial mass with the unit of mass.

Technically solving this task requires an arrangement and a method to create a vertical distance measurement in time with the time interval, a vertical distance measurement in space with the length distance, and a plumb direction distance measurement in space time with the angular distance of the center of gravity vector and the oscillation point vector with a Direction, time and length interval measurement of the direction and the distance of the center of gravity vector up to the perpendicular direction and the direction of the oscillation point vector from the perpendicular direction is to be carried out.

It is known in this regard, e.g. from [Lit.8], that the technical task of absolute determination and absolute measurement of the vertical direction is one of the most difficult tasks in earth measurement and geodesy. In gravimetry and space measurement as well as astronomy and space travel, a technical solution is not known, with which the task of absolute determination and absolute measurement of the plumb line can be solved with a directional line that is in principle arbitrarily sharp and without any blurring.

The technical problem to be solved is accordingly to be specified in such a way that a technical means is to be created with which a principally fuzzy plumb direction interval with a micro interval measurement in time with a time interval measurement, a plumb distance measurement in space with a length interval measurement, and a direction measurement in space-time with a Angular interval measurement of the direction of the center of gravity of the center of gravity and the direction of the oscillation point must be physically delimited and technically calibrated. This is to be achieved according to the invention with modern technical means, by means of suitable and / or specially designed mechanical microstructures, combined with microelectronics, with a micro-time interval measured digitally repeatable, a micro-angle interval measured digitally repeatable, and a micro-length interval measured digitally repeatable.

• (1) eine Fallamplitude der schweren Masse eines Schwingers bis zu einem in dieser Weise kalibrierten Lotrichtungsintervall mit einer Mikrointervallmessung während der Dauer τ₁einer vollen Fallamplitude digital abzugrenzen und absolut zu messen ist, und
• (2) eine Steigamplitude der trägen Masse des Schwingers ab einem digital kalibrierten Lotrichtungsintervall mit einer Mikrointervallmessung während der Dauer τ₂ einer vollen Steigamplitude digital abzugrenzen und absolut zu messen ist, und
• (3) eine Doppelamplitude mit einem so kalibrierten Lotrichtungsintervall mit einer Mikrointervallmessung um das kalibrierte Lotrichtungsintervall von einem Beharrungs- und Wendeniveau der Amplitudenrichtung des Schwingers bis zu einem neuen Beharrungs- und Wendeniveau der Amplitudenrichtung des Schwingers mit der vorgenannten Mikrointervallmessung mit zwei mit dem kalibrierten Lotrichtungsintervall konjugiert gemessenen Fall- und Steigamplituden digital abzugrenzen und mit zwei konjugierten Zeitmessungen mit der Zeitdauer (τ₁ + τ₂) einer Doppelamplitude absolut zu messen ist,

According to the invention, this technical problem can be solved by technical means, with which

• (1) a fall amplitude of the heavy mass of a vibrator up to a plumb direction _{interval calibrated in this way with a microinterval measurement during the duration τ 1 of} a full fall amplitude is to be digitally delimited and measured absolutely, and
• (2) a rise amplitude of the inertial mass of the oscillator from a digitally calibrated plumb direction interval with a microinterval measurement during the duration τ ₂ a full climb amplitude is to be digitally delimited and measured absolutely, and
• (3) a double amplitude with a plumb direction interval calibrated in this way with a micro-interval measurement around the calibrated plumb direction interval from a steady and turning level of the amplitude direction of the transducer to a new steady and turning level of the amplitude direction of the transducer with the aforementioned micro-interval measurement with two conjugated with the calibrated plumb direction interval digitally delimit the measured fall and rise amplitudes and measure them absolutely with two conjugate time measurements with the duration (τ ₁ + τ ₂ ) of a double amplitude,

This task is to be solved with a technical arrangement and a technical process, whereby a digital absolute calibration of the vertical direction interval with a signal vector of the center of gravity, vibration point and radius vector of the direction of rotation of a mechanical oscillator around the center of rotation and weight force of the weighed mass of the oscillator with a stop - and storage system T0 the weight force by means of a stable supporting and counter force of the bearing body - 1 - is to be implemented and carried out in combination with a digital microinterval measurement with mechanical microstructure surfaces and with microelectronic switching structures with the desired and required modern technical means of microelectronics and computer science.

In other words: According to the invention, a technical combined solution is to be created with regularly at least the following characteristic five components and features.

A vertical direction measuring arrangement of a vertical direction interval of the deflection direction of the center of gravity vector of the heavy mass of a three-mass type sensor with a digital absolute calibration of the vertical direction interval with an angular interval measuring arrangement and with a short-term interval measuring arrangement and with a length interval measuring arrangement is to be created, e.g. with a signal vector of the center of gravity vector with a high or highest frequency signal vector with low signal energy with a digital-electronically measurable absolute positioning with a frequency-modulated signal energy by means of micromechanical solid-state structures and microelectronic circuit structures with a signal-vector digitizer SVD .

mit einem Winkelintervall regelmäßig im Bereich Mikroradiant oder kleiner $$\Delta \mathrm{\alpha }<1\text{ mrad}\text{,}$$

It is an angular interval measuring arrangement SVD1 of the signal vector by means of the bearing device T0 and a three-mass type sensor T1 with a signal generator system TS to create the signal vector on the sensor, with which digitized angle intervals Δα can be measured much smaller in absolute terms than a whole amplitude angle α of a fall amplitude or a rise amplitude with a signal vector digitizer SVD the angular intervals are to be measured, $$\Delta \mathrm{\alpha \; <<\; \alpha }\text{With}\mathrm{\alpha }\cong {\text{n}}^{\text{m}}\cdot \Delta \mathrm{\alpha }$$

with an angular interval regularly in the range of microradians or smaller $$\Delta \mathrm{\alpha }<1\text{mrad}\text{,}$$

$$\Delta {\mathrm{\tau }}_1<<{\mathrm{\tau }}_1\text{ mit }{\mathrm{\tau }}_1\cong n"\cdot \Delta {\mathrm{\tau }}_1\text{ und/oder }{\mathrm{\tau }}_1\cong {\displaystyle \sum \Delta {\mathrm{\tau }}_1}$$

It is a short-term interval measuring arrangement SVD2 with the signal-vector digitizer SVD with a tablet scale T2 executed, whereby digitized time intervals Aτ ₁ , a case amplitude much smaller to measure absolute than the entire amplitude duration τ ₁ of a full fall amplitude is to be measured, and with which digitized time intervals Δτ _{2 of} a rise amplitude are to be measured in absolute terms that are considerably smaller than the entire duration of the amolitude τ ₂ a full climb amplitude is to be measured $$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\Delta \; \tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\Delta </figure-callout>}{\mathrm{\tau }}_{}{\mathrm{}}_2<<{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2\text{With}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2\cong n"\cdot \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\Delta \; \tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\Delta </figure-callout>}{\mathrm{\tau }}_{}{\mathrm{}}_2\text{and or}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2\cong {\displaystyle \sum \Delta {\mathrm{\tau }}_2}$$

$$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\Delta \; \tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\Delta </figure-callout>}{\mathrm{\tau }}_{}{\mathrm{}}_1<<{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_1\text{With}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_1\cong n"\cdot \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\Delta \; \tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\Delta </figure-callout>}{\mathrm{\tau }}_{}{\mathrm{}}_1\text{and or}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_1\cong {\displaystyle \sum \Delta {\mathrm{\tau }}_1}$$

und/oder $$\Delta \overline{\text{x}}<<{\displaystyle \sum \overline{\text{x}}}\text{ mit }\overline{\text{x}}\cong \text{n'}\cdot \Delta \overline{\text{x}}\text{ und/oder }\overline{\text{x}}\cong {\displaystyle \sum \Delta \overline{\text{x}}}$$

It is a length interval measuring arrangement SVD3 with the signal-vector digitizer SVD with the tablet scale T2 executed, with which digitized arc intervals Δx̂ and / or length intervals Δ x of the entire arc path x̂ and / or the full chord path Σ x are to be measured in absolute terms significantly smaller than the entire amplitude arc path or than the full chord path length of a signal energy range of the signal vector with a digital absolute positioning of the signal energy range on a signal energy positioning surface of the tablet scale of the signal vector level marker SVD is to measure $$\Delta \stackrel{⌢}{\text{x}}<<\stackrel{⌢}{\text{x}}\text{With}\stackrel{⌢}{\text{x}}\cong \text{n '}\cdot \Delta \stackrel{⌢}{\text{x}}\text{and or}\stackrel{⌢}{\text{x}}\cong {\displaystyle \sum \Delta \stackrel{⌢}{\text{x}}}$$

and or $$\Delta \overline{\text{x}}<<{\displaystyle \sum \overline{\text{x}}}\text{With}\overline{\text{x}}\cong \text{n '}\cdot \Delta \overline{\text{x}}\text{and or}\overline{\text{x}}\cong {\displaystyle \sum \Delta \overline{\text{x}}}$$

ausgeführt, mit einer vorzugsweise hardware- und/oder sofwareprogrammierten programmgesteuerten Taktungszahl „n“ mit der digitalelektronischen Absolutpositionierung der Winkelintervall, und der Längenintervalle mit der Tablettskala und der Zeitintervalle mit der Überwachungs- und Monitorskala während eines Messungszyklus mit mehreren Amplitudendauern: $$\text{n"':n":n'}\equiv \text{1}$$

It is a digitizer of the signal-vector digitizer SVD with a monitoring dial T5 the signal scale T2 with a signal data transmission system T3 and a data processing system T4 with a clocking and counting and storage with an identical number "n" of the angle, time and length intervals, preferably like one to one to one: $$\left(\text{n "'}/\text{n}\right):\left(\text{n "}/\text{n}\right):\left(\text{n '}/\text{n}\right)\equiv \mathrm{1,}$$

executed, with a preferably hardware- and / or software-programmed program-controlled number of cycles "n" with the digital electronic absolute positioning of the angle interval, and the length intervals with the tablet scale and the time intervals with the monitoring and monitor scale during a measurement cycle with several amplitude durations: $$\text{n "': n": n'}\equiv \text{1}$$

The 1 shows a preferred technical embodiment of a combination absolute gravimeter made with these aforementioned components and aforementioned features.

This does not solve the technical problem, however, the absolute determination and the absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration of the heavy mass in a perpendicular-parallel direction to the earth, and the inertial acceleration of the inertial mass of the test body in the perpendicular-antiparallel direction from the earth, and the alternating acceleration of the heavy mass and the inertial mass of the test body in an alternating parallel direction to the earth body and antiparallel direction from the earth body with repeatable, measurable, clearly defined measured variables with the basic units of mass, length and time to be carried out physically but technically.

This also includes the solution of the task of absolute determination and absolute measurement of a measured variable of the gravitational acceleration g _s and the gravitational force F _{S of} the heavy mass, a measured variable g _{t of} the inertial acceleration and inertial force F _t the inertial mass, and a measured variable of the resulting acceleration g ' _o and the resulting force F ' _o the heavy mass and the inert mass of the test body with an acceleration unit and force unit absolutely determined from the basic units of length and time and mass, as well as the solution of the aforementioned task of absolute determination and the absolute measurement of the aforementioned perpendicular direction interval with a digital calibration using special microstructures.

Description of a preferred method of the combined absolute determination and absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration, the inertial acceleration, and the alternating acceleration or acceleration due to gravity of mass with a combination absolute gravimeter

A preferred method of the combined absolute determination and absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration of the heavy mass in the perpendicular direction and the inertial acceleration of the inertial mass in the antiparallel direction with the calibrated perpendicular direction interval described below with the aforementioned arrangement is described in more detail with the use of one of the basic units of length and time absolutely determined acceleration unit with a generalized form of an absolute determination according to (1) of an absolute determination of an acceleration.

This absolute determination is carried out with an initially indeterminate acceleration with the digital fourth part of the quadratic proportionality constant 4π ² with an initially unquared linear proportionality constant π of the transition from a Euclidean straight circular diameter length to a uniformly curved circular circumference length, but not with the exactly digital 4th part of the duration of a Full oscillation of 2 double amplitudes around the perpendicular direction, but with a duration of a real-time measurement of the amplitude duration τ ₁ a fall amplitude of the center of gravity up to the calibrated perpendicular direction interval and with the duration of the real-time measurement of the amplitude duration τ ₂ a rise amplitude of the point of oscillation from the calibrated vertical direction interval with an aforementioned combined microinterval time measurement, microinterval length measurement, and microinterval angle measurement.

The method, generally characterized, regularly has at least the following five characteristic components and features.

An angle, length and time interval measurement is carried out according to (2), (3) and (4), with real-time interval time measurement of the amplitude duration τ ₁ a fall amplitude up to the calibrated plumb interval, and with a real-time interval time measurement of the amplitude duration τ ₂ a rise amplitude from the calibrated plumb interval, and with a real-time interval time measurement of the amplitude duration τ ₃ a double amplitude with a successive fall and rise amplitude around the calibrated plumb interval.

It is a length measurement of the Euclidean absolutely determined straight line distance x = s _{o of} the center of gravity and a Euclidean absolutely determined straight line distance x = l _{o of} the point of oscillation from the common rest and starting point of the three types of mass in the test and oscillating body in the fixed rotating and Support center in the storage system T0 executed.

With the aforementioned length measurement, a uniformly curved line of force (πx) of a force vector of a combined heavy mass in the center of gravity and a force vector of a combined inertial mass in the point of oscillation is to be determined absolutely in order to determine the common rest and starting point of all three types of mass in one limited absolute measured direction, space and time range with the aforementioned interval measurements (2), (3) and (4).

In combination with the aforementioned length measurement, it is an absolute measurement of the heavy mass and the inertial mass with the weighed mass of the test body with the one with the patent application DE 10201903869 disclosed and described method with the base unit of the mass carried out with the relationships mentioned in the following section (10).

With a combination of the aforementioned length, time and angle measurements, a probability ^{variable (τ 2} / π) is absolutely determined, with which the combined absolute determination and absolute measurement of the force vector of the heavy mass in the perpendicular direction of attraction to the earth's body and the force vector of the inertial mass Carried out in the anti-parallel direction of flow from the earth's body and the force vector of the heavy mass and the inertial mass in the resulting direction, generally applicable to describe with a limited length x and a limited time duration τ with the proportionality constant π of the transition from a flat straight line to a (circular) surface in the middle of a circular line with an indefinite acceleration with the basic units of length and time, with an absolute determination with a characteristic equation of the form: $$\text{G}=\left(\mathrm{\pi }\text{x}\right):\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}^2/\mathrm{\pi }\right)$$

beschreibt die zeitliche Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeit des Kraftvektors der Gravitationskraft der schweren Masse in lotparalleler Richtung der Gravitationskraft des Erdkörpers.The probability size $\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_1^2/\mathrm{\pi }\right)$

describes the temporal probability of the force vector of the gravitational force of the heavy mass in the perpendicular direction of the gravitational force of the earth's body.

oder mit einer Konstante π² $${\text{g}}_{\text{s}}=\left({\mathrm{\pi }}^2/{\mathrm{\tau }}_1^2\right)\cdot {\text{S}}_{\text{o}}$$

und mit nur einer 2. Potenz $${\text{g}}_{\text{s}}={\left(\mathrm{\pi }/{\mathrm{\tau }}_1\right)}^2\cdot {\text{S}}_{\text{o}}$$

The gravitational acceleration of the heavy mass in a time interval of the stay of the gravitational force vector of the heavy mass of the oscillating body in a downward and fall amplitude of the center of gravity is with an angle interval measurement according to (2), a time interval measurement according to (3), and a length interval measurement according to (4) to be measured absolutely with a combination absolute gravimeter with a characteristic absolute determination of the shape $${\text{G}}_{\text{s}}=\left(\mathrm{\pi }{\text{s}}_{\text{O}}\right):\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_1^2/\mathrm{\pi }\right)$$

or with a constant π ² $${\text{G}}_{\text{s}}=\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^2/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_1^2\right)\cdot {\text{S.}}_{\text{O}}$$

and with only a 2nd power $${\text{G}}_{\text{s}}={\left(\mathrm{\pi }/{\mathrm{\tau }}_1\right)}^2\cdot {\text{S.}}_{\text{O}}$$

beschreibt die zeitliche Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeit des (Gegen-)Kraftvektors der Trägheitskraft der trägen Masse des Schwingerkörpers in antiparalleler Richtung in einer Aufwärts- und Steigamplitude des Schwingungsmittelpunktes vom Erdkörper.The probability size $\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2^2/\mathrm{\pi }\right)$

describes the temporal probability of the (counter) force vector of the inertial force of the inertial mass of the oscillating body in an anti-parallel direction in an upward and rising amplitude of the center of oscillation from the earth's body.

oder mit nur einer Konstante $${\text{g}}_{\text{t}}=\left({\mathrm{\pi }}^2/{\mathrm{\tau }}_1^2\right)\cdot l_o$$

und mit nur einer Potenzzahl $${\text{g}}_{\text{t}}={\left(\mathrm{\pi }/{\mathrm{\tau }}_2\right)}^2\cdot l_o$$

The inertial acceleration of the inertial mass in a time interval of the stay of the inertial force vector of the inertial mass of the oscillating body in the antiparallel direction to the force vector of the gravitational force is with an angle interval measurement according to (2), a time interval measurement according to (3), and a length interval measurement according to (4) to measure absolutely with a combination absolute gravimeter with an absolute determination of the shape $${\text{G}}_{\text{t}}=\left(\mathrm{\pi }{l}_O\right):\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2^2/\mathrm{\pi }\right)$$

or with just one constant $${\text{G}}_{\text{t}}=\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^2/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_1^2\right)\cdot l_O$$

and with only one power number $${\text{G}}_{\text{t}}={\left(\mathrm{\pi }/{\mathrm{\tau }}_2\right)}^2\cdot l_O$$

beschreibt die zeitliche Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeit des resultierenden Kraftvektors der schweren Masse und der trägen Masse des Schwingersystems des Schwingersystems in wechselnder lotparalleler Richtung zum Erdkörper und antiparalleler Richtung vom Erdkörper.The probability size $\left({\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathrm{3rd}}^2/\mathrm{\pi }\right)$

describes the temporal probability of the resulting force vector of the heavy mass and the inertial mass of the oscillating system of the oscillating system in alternating perpendicular direction to the earth's body and antiparallel direction from the earth's body.

The length of time τ ₃ the probability of the effect of the interaction of the stay of the force vectors in the aforementioned time range is to be determined absolutely and measured absolutely with an angle interval measurement according to (2), a time interval measurement according to (3), and a length interval measurement according to (4) with a combination absolute gravimeter with the common duration of pairwise related or conjugate fall and rise amplitudes around the calibrated vertical direction interval with the duration τ ₃ the double amplitude: $${\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathrm{3rd}}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_1+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2$$

oder mit gemeinsamer Konstante „𲓠$${\text{g}}_{{}_{\text{o}}}^{\text{'}}=\left({\mathrm{\pi }}^2/{\mathrm{\tau }}_3^2\right)\cdot l_o$$

oder mit gemeinsamer Potenzzahl „2“ $${\text{g}}_{{}_{\text{o}}}^{\text{'}}={\left(\mathrm{\pi }/{\mathrm{\tau }}_3\right)}^2\cdot l_o$$

oder mit „gemischter“ Anordnung $${\text{g}}_{{}_{\text{o}}}^{\text{'}}=\left({\mathrm{\pi }}^2\cdot l_o\right)/{\mathrm{\tau }}_3^2$$

The resulting acceleration of the resulting force of gravity of the heavy mass in a perpendicular direction to the earth's body and the inertia of the inert mass in an anti-parallel direction from the earth's body in the time interval of the effect of the interaction of the force vectors is determined by means of an angle interval measurement according to (2), a time interval measurement according to (3), and a length interval measurement according to (4) with a combination absolute gravimeter to measure absolutely with an absolute determination of the shape $${\text{G}}_{{}_{\text{O}}}^{\text{'}}=\left(\mathrm{\pi }{l}_O\right):\left({\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathrm{3rd}}^2/\mathrm{\pi }\right)$$

or with a common constant "π ² " $${\text{G}}_{{}_{\text{O}}}^{\text{'}}=\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^2/{\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathrm{3rd}}^2\right)\cdot l_O$$

or with a common power number "2" $${\text{G}}_{{}_{\text{O}}}^{\text{'}}={\left(\mathrm{\pi }/{\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathrm{3rd}}\right)}^2\cdot l_O$$

or with a "mixed" arrangement $${\text{G}}_{{}_{\text{O}}}^{\text{'}}=\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^2\cdot l_O\right)/{\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="3rd"\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">3rd</figure-callout>}}^2$$

The above reveals that the form (1) mentioned at the beginning of the absolute determination of an acceleration with an absolutely determined acceleration unit with the base units of length and time is technically a special case, physically a special case, and mathematically a limiting case of acceleration.

From a technical point of view, for example, the absolute determination of the form (1.1) is used to describe a method and an arrangement for the absolute measurement of a special acceleration, to be measured absolutely, e.g. with a reversing pendulum absolute gravimeter, which does not and does not have the aforementioned characteristic technical features of a combination absolute gravimeter , in particular not the aforementioned combination of milli-, micro- or nanoradiant angle interval measuring methods with a micro-angle interval measuring arrangement SVD1, and of milli-, micro- or nano-second short-term interval measuring methods with a short-term measuring arrangement SVD2, and from Millimeter, micro- or nanometer length interval measuring method with a length interval measuring arrangement SVD3 with special mechanical and / or chemical microstructures in combination with a microelectronic circuit system with a signal tap with a signal vector digitizer SVD .

From a physical point of view, for example, the absolute determination of the form (1.1) can be used to describe an absolute measurement of an acceleration with the basic units of length and time without reference to an absolute measurement of the mass with the basic unit of mass during the measurement period, which does not, in particular, does not have the aforementioned characteristic physical features the feature of absolute determination and absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration of the heavy mass of a test body in a perpendicular direction to the attraction and gravitational direction of the mass elements of the heavy mass to the general attraction and gravitational center of the earth's body; also not the feature of the absolute determination and absolute measurement of the upward and inertial acceleration of the inertial mass of the test body in an anti-parallel direction near the direction of flow of the mass elements of the inertial mass from the general center of rotation force of the earth body; and also not the feature of the absolute determination and absolute measurement of the superposition acceleration or the resulting acceleration of the gravitational acceleration of the heavy mass in the perpendicular direction to the center of gravity of the earth's body and the inertial acceleration of the inertial mass in the antiparallel direction.

From a mathematical point of view, for example, the absolute determination of the form (1.2) can be used to describe the limit case of harmonic circular oscillations of infinitely small angular amplitudes, whereby two conjugate amplitudes per “half oscillation” and four aforementioned amplitudes per “full oscillation” would have to be assigned and counted. Nevertheless, the aforementioned equations (9) do not generally apply to the special form (1.2). Because with the substitution of (8) in (9) the duration of the "half oscillation" of the "full oscillation" disappears completely from the absolute determination of the resulting acceleration, because it is thus completely replaced by the duration of a fall amplitude and the duration of a rise amplitude. These times are not the same, as is shown in the following exemplary embodiment of an absolute measurement with the combination absolute gravimeter according to Table 1 and Table 2. The difference is to be described with an absolute determination formulated identically with (9) with the duration of the climb amplitude and with the duration of the fall amplitude with (8), with the binomial of these times to be measured independently with a combination absolute gravimeter: $${\text{G}}_{{}_{\text{O}}}^{\text{'}}=\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^2\cdot l_O\right)/\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_1^2+2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_1\cdot {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2+2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2^2\right)$$

This cannot be represented with the own product of the half-oscillation period with itself, as it is to be measured and described with a measuring method with a reversion pendulum.

This clearly shows that with a known description (1) of the natural laws of gravity on the basis of strictly harmonic pendulum and oscillation laws of an indivisible mass point down to the smallest areas of space and time, essential characteristics and features of absolute determination and measurement of the Gravitational acceleration of the heavy mass of a test body and the inertial acceleration of the inertial mass of the test body cannot be mathematically recorded, cannot be physically determined and technically cannot be measured using a combination absolute gravimeter with a three-mass sensor and a signal-vector digitizer SVD to be described with digital microinterval measurement, to be determined absolutely, and to be measured absolutely.

The 2 shows the time course of the acceleration vectors of the center of gravity vector and the oscillation point vector of the heavy mass and the inertial mass of a 3-mass-type sensor for the first three amplitudes of an embodiment of an angle-time-length interval measurement with a combination absolute gravimeter with a total of 51 fall, climb , and double amplitudes with a signal-vector digitizer SVD with the preferred version with a T2 / T5 signal display monitor display digitization scale.

The 3rd .1 illustrates the probability of the force interval vectors being present over time and the probable amount of the effect of the interaction of the forces using the example of the first two amplitudes of the heavy mass up to the digitally calibrated plumbing interval, and the inertial mass from the digitally calibrated plumbing interval, and the heavy mass and the inertial Mass around the digitally calibrated solder interval in a double amplitude.

The 3rd .2 illustrates the same situation using the same example with the same magnitudes of the forces with a different representation and scaling of the temporal probability of the force interval vectors in the time intervals of a fall amplitude up to the plumb interval and a rise amplitude from the lo interval. It is essential that the gravitational force of the heavy mass is a height-dependent force measured in relation to length. This means that this force is in the mean value of the height level of a fall and double amplitude a practically constant force, regardless of the length of time. In contrast and in contrast to this, the inertial force of the inertial mass is a time-dependent force.

This means that this force is a variable force with the period of time from leaving a relative steady-state and rest state of the test and oscillating body against the bearing system and the observer until the new transition to a later relative steady-state and rest state in a reversal and turning area the amplitude direction of a double amplitude in the plumb line from “left” to “right”, or vice versa, from “right” to “left”.

Description of a preferred method of the combined absolute determination and absolute measurement of the gravitational force, the inertial force, and the alternating acceleration force or falling force of mass with a combination absolute gravimeter

Below is a preferred method of the combined absolute determination and absolute measurement of the length- and height-dependent mean constant gravity and gravitational force of the heavy mass of a test body and vibrator in a perpendicular direction downwards to the earth body, the time-dependently variable counter and inertial force of the inertial mass of the test body and vibrator in antiparallel direction upwards from the earth's body, and the resulting interaction force of the gravitational force of the heavy mass and the inertial force of the inertial mass.

der tragen Masse: $${\text{m}}_{\text{t}}={\text{m}}_{\text{o}}\cdot (1/\left[1+{\left(l_{\text{o}}/{\text{s}}_o\right)}^2\right],$$

und der gewägten Masse: $${\text{m}}_{\text{o}}={\text{m}}_{\text{s}}+{\text{m}}_{\text{t}}$$

This method is carried out in combination with that in the German patent application with file number DE 10201903869 disclosed method of normalizing the heavy mass m _s and the inert mass m _t a test body and three-mass type sensor with its weighed mass m _o with the SI unit of mass with the length-related measured, time-independent basic quantities of measurement, with the unit of mass and with the unit of length, namely with the distance measured in a straight line in Euclidean terms s _o of the center of gravity and with the distance measured in a straight line in Euclidean terms l _o the center of inertia from the center of rotation and support of the weight of the weighed mass m _o with three characteristic absolute determinations of the heavy mass: $${\text{m}}_{\text{s}}={\text{m}}_{\text{O}}\cdot (1/\left[1+{\left({\text{s}}_{\text{O}}/l_O\right)}^2\right],$$

of the mass: $${\text{m}}_{\text{t}}={\text{m}}_{\text{O}}\cdot (1/\left[1+{\left(l_{\text{O}}/{\text{s}}_O\right)}^2\right],$$

and the weighed mass: $${\text{m}}_{\text{O}}={\text{m}}_{\text{s}}+{\text{m}}_{\text{t}}$$

The absolute determination and absolute measurement of the force of gravity of the heavy mass, the force of the inertia of the inertial mass, and the force of the interaction of the gravitational force and the inertial force must be determined uniformly in combination with the aforementioned absolute determinations and absolute measurements and measured absolutely with all three base units of measuring mass, space, and time.

The gravitational force of the heavy mass is related to the gravitational acceleration g _s per unit (or per elementary quantum) of the heavy mass in the aforementioned range of the temporal probability of the force vector with the proportionality constant 1 of an acceleration that remains constant on average is to be determined absolutely and measured with the unit of mass and the unit of acceleration with an absolute determination of the form $${\text{F.}}_{\text{s}}={\text{m}}_{\text{s}}\cdot \left(1\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{s}}\right)$$

bzw. $${\text{F}}_{\text{t}}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot {\text{m}}_{\text{o}}\cdot {\text{g}}_{\text{t}}$$

The inertial force of the inertial mass is equal to the inertial _{acceleration g t} per unit (or per elementary quantum) of the inertial mass in the aforementioned range of the temporal probability of the (counter) force vector with the proportionality constant 1/2 of an acceleration that is uniformly variable on average between the transition points in the relative steady-state and resting state of the test and The oscillating body against the observer is to be absolutely determined and measured with the unit of mass and the unit of acceleration with an absolute determination of the form: $${\text{F.}}_{\text{t}}={\text{m}}_{\text{t}}\cdot \left(\frac{1}{2}\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{t}}\right)$$

or. $${\text{F.}}_{\text{t}}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot {\text{m}}_{\text{O}}\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{t}}$$

The superposition force of the superposition of the effect of the gravitational force of the heavy mass and the effect of the inertial force of the inertial mass in alternating directions of the perpendicular force vector and the antiparallel force vector in the aforementioned range of the temporal probability of both force vectors is to be determined absolutely with the difference of the gravitational force and the inertial force and to measure with an absolute determination of the form: $${\text{F.}}_{\text{w}}={\text{F.}}_{\text{s}}-{\text{F.}}_{\text{t}}$$

$${\text{F}}_{\text{o}}\text{'}={\text{m}}_{\text{o}}\cdot {\text{g}}_{\text{o}}\text{'}$$

oder mit einer Reduktion der Amplitudenwinkel auf eine „unendlich“ kleine Amplitude und mit einer diesbezüglichen Korrektur der Zeitdauer einer Doppelamplitude mit einer korrigierten Beschleunigung g'_o mit der Größe der Fallbeschleunigung g_o mit der Absolutbestimmung der Gewichtskraft der gewägten Masse des Sensorkörpers in der Fallrichtung von der Form: $${\text{F}}_{\text{o}}={\text{m}}_{\text{o}}\cdot {\text{g}}_{\text{o}}$$

The resulting (falling) force of the heavy mass and the inertial mass in the resulting direction practically in the falling direction is to be described with the resulting acceleration g ' _o in the range of a double amplitude, without reducing the amplitude angles α ₁ and α ₂ and the amplitude durations τ ₁ and τ ₂ to an "infinitely" small amplitude with the measured variables with the aforementioned absolute determinations with the resulting acceleration g ' _o with an absolute determination of the form: or $${\text{F.}}_{\text{O}}\text{'}=\left({\text{m}}_{\text{s}}+{\text{m}}_{\text{t}}\right)\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{O}}\text{'}$$

$${\text{F.}}_{\text{O}}\text{'}={\text{m}}_{\text{O}}\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{O}}\text{'}$$

or with a reduction of the amplitude angle to an "infinitely" small amplitude and with a related correction of the duration of a double amplitude with a corrected acceleration g ' _o with the magnitude of _{the gravitational acceleration g o} with the absolute determination of the weight of the weighed mass of the sensor body in the direction of fall of the form: $${\text{F.}}_{\text{O}}={\text{m}}_{\text{O}}\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{O}}$$

The absolute measurement of the gravitational force, the inertial force, the interaction force, and the weight force is to be carried out technically with the aforementioned absolute determinations with a combination absolute gravimeter with the absolute measurement of the direction and angle variables according to (2), the time and amplitude variables according to (3), the length and sheet sizes according to (4), and the mass and length sizes according to (10).

Description of a preferred arrangement and a preferred method of plumb interval calibration of the gravitational vector and center of gravity vector with a signal vector with a signal-vector digitizer

The technical problem to be solved is, according to the above, to create a technical method of digital absolute calibration of the vertical direction interval of the center of gravity of the heavy mass of the test and oscillating body, and to carry out this method in combination with the aforementioned interval measurement of the angle intervals (2), the time intervals according to (3), the length intervals according to (4) up to the calibrated plumb direction interval, from the calibrated plumb direction interval, and around the calibrated plumb direction interval.

This object is achieved with the combination absolute gravimeter described below with a signal-vector digitizer SVD with a monitor display digitizing scale T5 and one Signal display digitization scale T2 with the aforementioned 1: 1: 1 interval digitization with the same interval counting number "n" of the length, time and angle intervals.

A preferred solution consists of an arrangement with a signal energy transmitter Ts with a signal energy vector of the gravity vector of the heavy mass vibratory system T1 - 1 - in a straight line from the center of the support T0 the weight and center of rotation of the sensor to the center of gravity of the heavy mass; from there extended in a straight line to a signal receiving cell of the signal energy in a signal receiving tablet or signal receiving display T2 with a multitude of signal receiving cells in a signal energy collecting surface microstructured therewith, preferably formed with direct conversion of the signal received energy into electrical energy with the microstructure formation of a signal receiving cell, e.g. with a light energy-activated polymer (LED) cell, or with high-frequency energy with a resonance energy-activated potential cell ; with an arrangement of the signal receiving tablet regularly directly in front of or under the freely oscillating pointer tip on the end piece of a freely oscillating three-mass type sensor T1 around the center of support and rotation T0 with the same distance L _o of all signal receiving cells by means of a dome-shaped curved signal receiving cell display surface with the center of curvature of the signal display surface in the center of rotation T0 of the three-mass type sensor T1 ; in combination with a signal energy vector digitizing scale T2 by means of a microelectronic absolute positioning of the currently activated signal receiving cell with the signal energy of the signal energy transmitter Ts in the signal tablet display area; in further combination with a real-time data transmission system T3 the signal interval data microelectronically digitized with the signal tablet to a central computer data processing system T4 with microelectronic real-time data processing of the interval data into a system-specific special signal vector data set with digitally electronically countable sampling, positioning and cycle counting rates of the interval data; and with a monitor display scale T5 with a digital electronic absolute positioning of the signal energy-activated signal cells with the monitor display cells of the monitor display scale T5 with the central computer data processing system T4 .

• (1) mit einer gemeinsamen Intervall-Zählzahl „n“ des Intervallvektors aller Längen-, Zeit- und Winkel-Intervalle gemäß vorgenannter Beziehung (5), z.B. ausgeführt mit der Wiederholungsrate der Abtastung, Aktivierung, und Absolutpositionierung einer Signalenergieempfangszelle in der Signalenergie-Displayskala T2 je Sekunde, z.B. in [rps], und/oder z.B. mit der Vertikal- und Speicherfrequenz u einer Monitorzelle mit einer quasi-Echtzeit-Absolutpositionierung mit dem Intervallsignal der letzten aktuell positionierten Signaltablettzelle, z.B. in (Hz], z.B. gezählt mit der Folge der natürlichen Zahlen ab „1“ mit einer kumulativen letzten Zählzahl des jeweils zuletzt aktivierten Monitorpixels im Monitorenergie-Displayskala T2 ab Beginn einer Intervallmessung einer Amplitudenfolge;
• (2) mit einer Zeitintervall-Zählzahl „t“ eines Zeitvektors aller Zeitintervalle ab Beginn einer Intervallmessung einer Amplitudenfolge in der Einheit der Zeit, z.B. in Millisekunde [ms] oder Mikrosekunde [ms] oder Nanosekunde [ns], z.B. ausgeführt mit der Monitorskala T5 mit der Vertikal- und Speicherfrequenz der Absolutpositionierung eines aktivierten Bildpixels bzw. einer aktivierten Monitorzelle mit den Signal-Intervalldaten der Signalskala T2, oder mit der Wiederholungsrate der Absolutpositionierung einer aktivierten Signalzelle;
• (3) mit einer Längen-Intervallzählzahl „x“ des Längen- und Zeilenvektors aller Zeilen-/ Breitenintervalle der Absolutpositionierung aller aktivierten Bildpixel bzw. aktivierten Monitorzellen mit den Signal-Intervalldaten der Signalskala T2 ab Beginn einer Intervallmessung einer Amplitudenfolge in der Einheit der Länge und in digitaler Einheit, vorzugsweise gezählt mit der Anzahl der Pixel [px] der Bild- und Monitorzelle mit der digitalen Speicher- und Abstandszahl x aller kumulativ gespeicherten aktivierten Monitorzellen ab „1“ vom linken Skalarand ab Beginn einer Intervallmessung, vorzugsweise gemessen in Millimeter [mm] die Makrolänge der Monitorskala-Zeilenlänge und Monitordisplay-Breite B_o der Monitorskala T5 und der Signalskala-Zeilenlänge und Signaldisplay-Breite B_o' der Signalskala T5, und in Mikrometer [µm] die Mikrolänge Δx_o einer Monitordisplay-Zellenlänge und einer Signaldisplay-Zellenlänge Δx'_o;
• (4) mit einer Längen-Intervallzählzahl „y“ des Längen- und Spaltenvektors aller Spalten-/ Höhenintervalle der Absolutpositionierung aller aktivierten Bildpixel bzw. aktivierten Monitorzellen mit den Signal-Intervalldaten der Signalskala T2 ab Beginn einer Intervallmessung einer Amplitudenfolge in der Einheit der Länge und in digitaler Einheit, analog gezählt und gemessen wie vorstehend beschrieben für die Längen-Intervallzählzahl des Längen-/ Zeilenvektors der Monitorskala T5.

The system-specific special signal vector data set is technically implemented regularly with at least the following four features and characteristics,

• (1) with a common interval counting number "n" of the interval vector of all length, time and angle intervals according to the aforementioned relationship (5), e.g. carried out with the repetition rate of the sampling, activation and absolute positioning of a signal energy receiving cell in the signal energy display scale T2 per second, e.g. in [rps], and / or e.g. with the vertical and storage frequency u of a monitor cell with a quasi-real-time absolute positioning with the interval signal of the last currently positioned signal tablet cell, e.g. in (Hz), e.g. counted with the sequence of Natural numbers from "1" with a cumulative last count of the last activated monitor pixel in the monitor energy display scale T2 from the beginning of an interval measurement of an amplitude sequence;
• (2) with a time interval count "t" of a time vector of all time intervals from the beginning of an interval measurement of an amplitude sequence in the unit of time, e.g. in milliseconds [ms] or microseconds [ms] or nanoseconds [ns], e.g. performed with the monitor scale T5 with the vertical and storage frequency of the absolute positioning of an activated image pixel or an activated monitor cell with the signal interval data of the signal scale T2 , or with the repetition rate of the absolute positioning of an activated signal cell;
• (3) with a length interval counting number "x" of the length and line vector of all line / width intervals of the absolute positioning of all activated image pixels or activated monitor cells with the signal interval data of the signal scale T2 from the beginning of an interval measurement of an amplitude sequence in the unit of length and in digital unit, preferably counted with the number of pixels [px] of the image and monitor cell with the digital memory and distance number x of all cumulatively stored activated monitor cells from "1" from the left edge of the scale from the beginning of an interval measurement, preferably measured in millimeters [mm] the macro length of the monitor scale line length and monitor display width B _{o of} the monitor scale T5 and the signal scale line length and signal display width B _o 'of the signal scale T5 , and in micrometers [µm] the microlength Δx _o a monitor display cell length and a signal display cell length Δx '_o;
• (4) with a length interval count number "y" of the length and column vector of all column / height intervals of the absolute positioning of all activated image pixels or activated monitor cells with the signal interval data of the signal scale T2 from the beginning of an interval measurement of an amplitude sequence in the unit of length and in digital unit, counted in analog and measured as described above for the length interval count of the length / line vector of the monitor scale T5 .

With the computer system T4 is with the aforementioned system-specific special signal vector data set a quasi-real-time measurement image of the activation of the microstructure of the signal cells of the signal display scale T4 with the signal vector of the gravity vector of the sensor system T1 by means of the microstructure of the monitor cells of the monitor display scale T4 to scale, transform, and measure, and in this way to bring information of choice into practically any desired form, e.g. to store or further process, or to display and monitor with a numerical information display, and / or with a graphic To make representation visible and to monitor, or to make it visible and to monitor with a numerical and graphic information display.

With the aforementioned arrangement and the method, the aforementioned task is to calibrate the vertical direction interval of the gravitational force vector with the signal vector of the center of gravity vector of the three-mass-type sensor T1 with a signal vector digitizer SVD technically to be solved with a T2 / T5 signal display monitor display scale, preferably with a digital calibration with the monitor data of the interval data of the signal vector data set of the signal vector, e.g. with the interval counting number "n", with the time interval counting number "t", with the lengths - interval counting number "x", and / or with length interval counting number "y".

A preferred embodiment of the method of digital calibration of the plumb direction interval with the monitor scale T5 the tablet scale T2 with an elastic suspension of the sensor T1 takes into account the time-dependent drift of the vertical direction interval as a result of the slow movement of the stationary signal display with the general rotation of the earth's surface against an oscillation plane of the sensor in the plumb line that is stable in space when triggered with a special release device due to the inertia of its inertial mass.

wobei „x“ die Längen-Intervallzählzahl im vorgenannten Längen- und Zeilenvektor der Monitorskala T5 ist.The simplest implementation of this procedure is to use a monitor scale calibration function with a monitor scale drift constant δ _o in the unit monitor pixel or monitor cell related to the time unit of the interval measurement, eg [px / ms], and with a monitor scale plumb line interval constant X _o in the unit [px] at the beginning of the calibration, or with a monitor scale plumb line constant X _o , absolutely determined, for example with the mean value of a test measurement over a comparable period of time t to be described with the intended measurement duration of a measurement cycle with a regularly larger number of double amplitudes, for example with a relationship of the form $$\pm \text{X}=\text{x}-\left({\text{X}}_{\text{O}}+{\mathrm{\delta }}_{\text{O}}\cdot \text{t}\right)$$

where "x" is the length interval count in the aforementioned length and line vector of the monitor scale T5 is.

wobei Δx'_o die Abstandslänge Δx_o der Mikrostukturelemente und Signalzellen in einer Signalzeile der Signalskala T2 bedeutet, und wobei mit dem positiven Vorzeichen +Δx eine Länge des Abstandes des Signalvektors des Schwerkraftvektors auf dem Signaltablett rechts vom einkalibrierten Lotrichtungsintervall Gravitationskraftvektors zu messen ist, und mit dem negativen Vorzeichen -Δx eine Länge des Abstandes des Signalvektors des Schwerkraftvektors links vom einkalibrierten Lotrichtungsintervall des Gravitationskraftvektors zu messen ist.This enables an absolute calibration of the vertical direction interval of the gravitational force vector of the heavy mass of the sensor with the signal vector of a signal vector digitizer directly with the monitor scale T5 to be carried out directly with the unit of length, measured with a uniform microstructure of the monitor cells in a monitor line of the monitor scale T5 with a spacing length of practically the same length implemented with it Δx _o the microstructure elements and monitor cells, to be described with a relationship of the form $$\pm \Delta \text{x}=\text{X}\cdot \Delta {\text{x}}_{\text{O}}$$

where Δx ' _{o is} the distance length Δx _o of the microstructure elements and signal cells in a signal line of the signal scale T2 means, and with the positive sign + Δx a length of the distance of the signal vector of the gravity vector on the signal tablet to the right of the calibrated vertical direction interval of the gravitational force vector, and with the negative sign -Δx a length of the distance of the signal vector of the gravity vector to the left of the calibrated vertical direction interval of the Gravitational force vector is to be measured.

The absolute calibration of the vertical direction interval of the gravitational force vector of the heavy mass of the sensor with the absolute sensor position in the T2 / T5 scale system with the signal vector with a signal vector digitizer is directly with the monitor scale T5 technically implemented and executed.

Another feature of the monitor scale T5 of the signal vector digitizer SVD in the direct connection of the plumbing interval calibration is that the monitor scale T5 this is regularly documented and retrievable stored with a graphical information display of real-time data of the signal vector data set in combination with relevant real-time environmental data, such as in particular with the data of the Time of day interval hh: mm: ss in hours, minutes and seconds and the calendar interval DD: MM: YY in day, month and year of the current amplitude interval measurement.

Description of a preferred embodiment of a combination absolute gravimeter with a 3-mass type sensor with a signal vector digitizer with a T2 signal vector scale and a T5 monitoring scale with a 64-bit computer system

Table 1 below is a two-page tabular description of an embodiment of a combination absolute gravimeter with absolute determination and absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration g _s the gravitational force F _s the heavy mass of a T1 three-mass sensor in the perpendicular direction, the inertial acceleration g _{t of} the inertial force F _t the inertial mass of the T1 three-mass sensor in antiparallel direction, and the resulting acceleration g ' _o the resulting falling force F ' _o and the power of superposition F _w the interaction of the gravitational force and the inertial force of the heavy mass and the inertial mass of the T1 three-mass type sensor in the resulting direction parallel to the direction of fall with an extract from an absolute measurement with the first 165 signal vector data sets.

This absolute measurement is carried out with the above-described method of combined microinterval measurement with the above-described vertical direction interval calibration of the gravitational vector of the heavy mass with the signal vector of the center of gravity vector with a signal vector data set with a total of n = 5053 microintervals of the absolute positioning of the signal vector with the monitor display microstructure system T5 with the T2 / T5 signal display monitor display scale characterized above with the microinterval length standards and the microinterval time standards of the T5 monitor display scale.

The 1 shows the main components and features of the technical solution in an overview with a block diagram.

• (1) einer Mikrostruktur-Bildskala T5 mit einer Makrolänge B der Zeilenlänge mit einem charakteristischen Mikrointervall-Längennormal Δx_o der Zellenbreite einer Monitordisplayzelle bzw. Pixelbreite eines Monitorpixels,
• (2) einer Mikrostruktur-Signalskala T2 mit einer Makrolänge B' der Zeilenlänge mit einem charakteristischen Mikrointervall-Längennormal Δx'_o der Zellenbreite einer Signaldisplayzelle bzw. Pixelbreite eines Signalpixels,
• (3) einer T2/T5-Skala-Längennormierung mit den zwei Makrolängen, mit zwei Mikrolängen, und mit zwei Skalafaktoren bzw.

The signal vector digitizer characterized above SVD of the T2 / T5 signal display monitor display scale system is implemented with

• (1) a microstructure image scale T5 with a macro length B. the line length with a characteristic microinterval length standard Δx _o the cell width of a monitor display cell or the pixel width of a monitor pixel,
• (2) a microstructure signal scale T2 with a macro length B 'of the line length with a characteristic microinterval length standard Δx' _{o of} the cell width of a signal display cell or the pixel width of a signal pixel,
• (3) a T2 / T5 scale length normalization with the two macro lengths, with two micro lengths, and with two scale factors or

$$\text{f'}={\text{B}}_{\text{o}}{\text{'/B}}_{\text{o}}$$

$$\Delta {\text{x}}_{\text{o}}=\Delta {\text{x}}_{\text{o}}^{\text{'}}\cdot \text{f}$$

$$\Delta {\text{x}}_{\text{o}}^{\text{'}}=\Delta {\text{x}}_{\text{o}}\cdot \text{f'}$$

und mit einer analogen T2/T5-Skala-Längennormierung in der Spaltenrichtung.Normalization factors of the T2 / T5 scale system in the row direction, with $$\text{f}={\text{B.}}_{\text{O}}{\text{/ B}}_{\text{O}}\text{'}$$

$$\text{f '}={\text{B.}}_{\text{O}}{\text{'/ B}}_{\text{O}}$$

$$\Delta {\text{x}}_{\text{O}}=\Delta {\text{x}}_{\text{O}}^{\text{'}}\cdot \text{f}$$

$$\Delta {\text{x}}_{\text{O}}^{\text{'}}=\Delta {\text{x}}_{\text{O}}\cdot \text{f '}$$

and with an analog T2 / T5 scale length normalization in the column direction.

The scale and normalization factor f the T5 / T2 macro scale is designed with the length measurement of the length of a monitor display line B. the T5 monitor scale with an absolute number N of monitor cells or monitor pixels positioned therein with parallel edge lengths of the same length Δx _o in the monitor line and with the length measurement of the length of a signal display line B 'of the T2 signal scale with an absolutely identical whole number N of monitor cells or monitor pixels of the same length positioned therein parallel edge lengths Δx ' _o with the length relation of the length of the monitor display line B. the length of the signal display line B '.

The scale and normalization factor f 'of the T2 / T5 microscale is implemented with the length standard Δx' _{o of} a signal cell or a signal pixel in the row direction of the T2 signal scale and with the length standard Δx _o a monitor cell or a monitor pixel in the line direction of the T5 monitor scale with the length relation of the length standard Δx ' _{o of} the signal display line to the length standard Δx' _{o of} the monitor display line.

The T2 / T5 scale system of the T5 monitor scale and the T2 signal scale is linked to the T3 / T4 computer system with a T2 / T5 scale and normalization factor through the product of the aforementioned length relations identical to one or sufficiently close to “1 ": $$\text{f}\cdot \text{f}\text{'}=1$$

The advantage of this design is the 1: 1 digitization with the same number N of scale cells of the T2 signal scale and of scale cells of the T5 monitor scale, initially without reference to the technical specific design of the mechanical or chemical microstructure of the scales, and initially to the technical concrete execution of the activation, the scanning, or the control of a scale cell, for example with light energy, with electromagnetic pulse energy, with capacitive scanning, with microelectronic control, or with electrical threshold value control.

• - einem Laser-Signalvektor mit Lichtenergie mit einem organischen T2-Signaldisplay in der Art eines LEP-Signaltabletts mit einer T2-Signalskala mit einer Signalskalazelle in der Art einer organischen Solarzelle, oder
• - einem Licht-Signalvektor mit Lichtenergie mit einem anorganischen T2-Signaldisplay in der Art eines CCD- oder CMOS-Arrays mit einer T2-Signalskala mit fotoelektrischen CCD- oder CMOS-Signalskalazellen, oder
• - einem HF-Telemetrie-Signalvektor mit einem HF-induktiven T2-Signaldisplay mit einem Nahtelemetrie-Signaltablett mit einer T2-Signalskala mit HF-induktiven Resonanzpotentialzellen.

The T2 signal scale of the T2 / T5 scale system with advantageous 1: 1 digitization is preferably implemented with

• a laser signal vector with light energy with an organic T2 signal display in the manner of an LEP signal tablet with a T2 signal scale with a signal scale cell in the manner of an organic solar cell, or
• - a light signal vector with light energy with an inorganic T2 signal display in the manner of a CCD or CMOS array with a T2 signal scale with photoelectric CCD or CMOS signal scale cells, or
• - an HF telemetry signal vector with an HF inductive T2 signal display with a near telemetry signal tablet with a T2 signal scale with HF inductive resonance potential cells.

• - einem LCD-Flüssigkristalldisplay mit einer TFT-Dünnfilmtransitorzelle in einer Displayzeile und in einer Displayspalte, oder
• - einem OLED-Display mit LED-Polymerelektronikzelle in einer in einer Displayzeile und in einer Displayspalte.

The T5 monitor scale of the T2 / T5 scale system with advantageous 1: 1 digitization is preferably implemented with

• - an LCD liquid crystal display with a TFT thin film transistor cell in a display line and in a display column, or
• - an OLED display with an LED polymer electronic cell in one display line and one display column.

• - mit einem Telemetriesender TS mit weniger als 3 gewägte Masse im Mikroelektronikmodul des T1 -Dreimasseartensensors,
• - mit einer Absolutpositionierung einer T2-Skala-Mikrozelle in der T2-Skala-Makrostruktur mit einer Zeitdauer etwas größer als 4 ms mit einer Wiederholungsrate der Abtastung der Signalzellen bis 230 rps,
• - mit einem charakteristischen Mikrointervall-Längennormal von Δx'_o = 99,22 µm der T2-Mikrozelle in der T2-Makrozeile,
• - mit einer gerätespezifischen T2-Signalskala- Zeilenlänge von B' = 254,0 mm einer T2-Signaldisplayzeile,
• - mit einer gerätespezifischen T5-Monitorskala- Zeilenlänge von B = 698,88 mm einer T5-Monitordisplayzeile,
• - mit einer darin absolut positionierten Anzahl von N = 2560 TFT-Monitorzellen bzw. LCD-Monitorpixeln,
• - mit einem charakteristischen Mikrointervall-Längennormal Δx_o = 273,0 µm einer TFT-Mikrozelle bzw. eines TFT-Bildpixels in einer T5-Monitorskalazeile.

The combination absolute gravimeter described in more detail below with Table 1 is an economically particularly effective technical solution of the T2 / T5 scale system and the signal vector microinterval digitizer SVD of the signal vector of the center of gravity vector executed,

• - with a telemetry transmitter TS with less than 3 weighed masses in the microelectronic module of the T1 three-mass sensor,
• - with an absolute positioning of a T2-scale micro-cell in the T2-scale macrostructure with a duration slightly greater than 4 ms with a repetition rate of the scanning of the signal cells of up to 230 rps,
• - with a characteristic microinterval length standard of Δx ' _o = 99.22 µm of the T2 micro cell in the T2 macro line,
• - with a device-specific T2 signal scale - line length of B '= 254.0 mm of a T2 signal display line,
• - with a device-specific T5 monitor scale - line length of B = 698.88 mm of a T5 monitor display line,
• - with an absolutely positioned number of N = 2560 TFT monitor cells or LCD monitor pixels,
• - with a characteristic microinterval length standard Δx _o = 273.0 µm of a TFT micro cell or a TFT image pixel in a T5 monitor scale line.

The length measurement is with (18) and (19) with a 1: 1 signal vector digitizer of the signal vector of the force vector of the test mass on the T2 signal display scale with an advantageous 2.7515-fold scaling of the length of a characteristic microinterval length standard Δx ' _o to a 2.7515 -fold increased length of the characteristic microinterval length standard Δx _o the T5 monitor display scale.

This design provides the advantage of an improved monitoring display and a more precise length measurement by means of the monitor counting number and monitor length interval distance number "x" of the perpendicular distance length interval "X" of the signal vector of the center of gravity vector from the calibrated perpendicular direction interval of the gravitational vector of the heavy mass of the test mass of the T1 three-mass species Sensor at the level of the T2 signal display scale.

The T3 / T4 computer system of the microelectronic coupling of the T2 scale and T5 scale of the T2 / T5 scale system is implemented with a microelectronic T3 signal interval data acquisition system directly on the T2 signal display, with a wired T3 signal interval data transmission system to a central one T4 signal data processing and signal data storage system with a 64-bit Linux operating system with a microchip set with a 4-core central processor (CPU) with a CPU clock frequency of up to 3.9 GHz with a BUS clock frequency of 99.9 MHz with 16384 MByte working memory (RAM) for the data of the signal vector data set as well as for the program data of the tapping of the signal vector data set and the scale control.

The three-mass type sensor T1 is implemented in modular design, with - a metal-ceramic-plastic module body with integrated signal transmitter electronics module of the signal transmitter Ts of the signal vector in the module system, - with a weighed test mass of all modules, measured in absolute terms with the unit of mass by means of a precision balance calibrated therewith, with the size of m _o = 15.169 g - a distance of the center of gravity of the test mass from the rotation and Support center of the weight of the test mass in the TO bearing system of s _o = 995.55 mm ± 0.1 mm - a distance of the center of oscillation from the center of rotation of l _o = 999.55 mm ± 0.1 mm - a distance of the T2 signal display scale from the center of rotation of L _o = 1101.5 mm. - a heavy mass of the test mass, measured in absolute terms with the unit of mass and with the unit of length, with the size of m _s = 7.615 g - an inertial mass of the test mass, measured in absolute terms with the unit of mass and with the unit of length, with the magnitude of m _t = 7.554 g

• - der Gravitationsbeschleunigung und der Gravitationskraft der schweren Masse der Testmasse,
• - der Trägheitsbeschleunigung und der Trägheitskraft der trägen Masse der Testmasse,
• - der Superpositionsbeschleunigung und Superpositionskraft der Gravitationskraft und der Trägheitsskraft, sowie
• - der resultierenden (Fall-)Beschleunigung der Gravitationsbeschleunigung und der Trägheitsbeschleunigung und der resultierenden (Fall-) Kraft der Testmasse

mit der Einheit der Kraft mit der Basiseinheit der Masse, der Basiseinheit der Länge, und der Basiseinheit der Zeit, mit den vorgenannten Absolutbestimmungen mit der Absolutmessung
der Gravitationskraft ${\text{F}}_{\text{s}}={\text{m}}_{\text{s}}\cdot {\text{g}}_{\text{s}}$

der Trägheitskraft ${\text{F}}_{\text{t}}=\frac{1}{2}{\text{m}}_{\text{t}}\cdot {\text{g}}_{\text{t}}$

der Superpositionskraft ${\text{F}}_{\text{w}}={\text{F}}_{\text{s}}-{\text{F}}_{\text{t}},$

der resultierenden (Fall-)kraft ${\text{F}}_{\text{o}}\text{'}={\text{m}}_{\text{o}}\cdot {\text{g}}_{\text{o}}\text{'}$

und mit der Einheit der Beschleunigung mit der Basiseinheit der Länge und mit der Basiseinheit der Zeit, den vorgenannten Absolutbestimmungen mit der Absolutmessung
der Gravitationsbeschleunigung ${\text{g}}_{\text{s}}=\left(\mathrm{\pi }{\text{s}}_{\text{o}}\right):\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}^{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{/\pi }\right)$

bzw. ${\text{g}}_{\text{s}}={\left(\mathrm{\pi }/{\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathrm{1}}^{}\right)}^2\cdot {\text{s}}_{\text{o}}$

der Trägheitsbeschleunigung ${\text{g}}_{\text{t}}=\left(\mathrm{\pi }{\mathcal{l}}_{\mathrm{o}}\right):\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2^{\mathrm{2}}\text{/}\mathrm{\pi }\right)$

bzw. ${\text{g}}_{\text{t}}={\left(\mathrm{\pi }{\mathrm{\tau }}_2^{}\right)}^2\cdot \mathcal{l}$

der Superpositionsbeschleunigung ${\text{g}}_{\text{o}}^{\text{'}}=\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^2\cdot {\mathcal{l}}_{\mathrm{o}}\right):\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}^{\mathrm{2}}+2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}^{}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2^{}+2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{\mathrm{2}}\right)$

der resultierenden (Fall-)Beschleunigung ${\text{g}}_{\text{o}}^{\text{'}}=\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^2\cdot {\mathcal{l}}_{\mathrm{o}}\right)/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_3^{\mathrm{2}}.$

Table 2 below shows the exemplary embodiment, described above in part, of a complete absolute measurement of the acceleration and force of a test mass with a Combination absolute gravimeter described in more detail with selected summarizing features of a combined absolute measurement

• - the gravitational acceleration and the gravitational force of the heavy mass of the test mass,
• - the inertial acceleration and the inertial force of the inertial mass of the test mass,
• - the superposition acceleration and superposition force of the gravitational force and the inertial force, as well as
• - the resulting (falling) acceleration of the gravitational acceleration and the inertial acceleration and the resulting (falling) force of the test mass

with the unit of force with the base unit of mass, the base unit of length, and the base unit of time, with the aforementioned absolute determinations with the absolute measurement
the gravitational force ${\text{F.}}_{\text{s}}={\text{m}}_{\text{s}}\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{s}}$

of inertia ${\text{F.}}_{\text{t}}=\frac{1}{2}{\text{m}}_{\text{t}}\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{t}}$

the force of superposition ${\text{F.}}_{\text{w}}={\text{F.}}_{\text{s}}-{\text{F.}}_{\text{t}},$

the resulting (falling) force ${\text{F.}}_{\text{O}}\text{'}={\text{m}}_{\text{O}}\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{O}}\text{'}$

and with the unit of acceleration with the base unit of length and with the base unit of time, the aforementioned absolute determinations with the absolute measurement
the gravitational acceleration ${\text{G}}_{\text{s}}=\left(\mathrm{\pi }{\text{s}}_{\text{O}}\right):\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}^{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{/\; \pi }\right)$

or. ${\text{G}}_{\text{s}}={\left(\mathrm{\pi }/{\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathrm{1}}^{}\right)}^2\cdot {\text{s}}_{\text{O}}$

the acceleration of inertia ${\text{G}}_{\text{t}}=\left(\mathrm{\pi }{\mathcal{l}}_{\mathrm{o}}\right):\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2^{\mathrm{2}}\text{/}\mathrm{\pi }\right)$

or. ${\text{G}}_{\text{t}}={\left(\mathrm{\pi }{\mathrm{\tau }}_2^{}\right)}^2\cdot \mathcal{l}$

the superposition acceleration ${\text{G}}_{\text{O}}^{\text{'}}=\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^2\cdot {\mathcal{l}}_{\mathrm{o}}\right):\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}^{\mathrm{2}}+2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0068.png,DE102019006594A1\_0070.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}^{}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2^{}+2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{\mathrm{2}}\right)$

the resulting (fall) acceleration ${\text{G}}_{\text{O}}^{\text{'}}=\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^2\cdot {\mathcal{l}}_{\mathrm{o}}\right)/{\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="3rd"\; filenames="DE102019006594A1\_0070.png,DE102019006594A1\_0071.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">3rd</figure-callout>}}^{\mathrm{2}}.$

The absolute calibration of the perpendicular direction interval of the gravitational force vector of the heavy mass of the test mass is carried out with the T2 / T5 scale system with the monitor scale calibration value of: X _o = 1191.8779274 [px] and the monitor scale drift value of the plumbing interval of: δ _o = 0.0000184 [px / ms] The duration of the 51 conjugate double amplitudes around the calibrated plumb line interval of the gravitational vector of the heavy mass of the test mass is measured as the end value of the amplitude time vector of: t ₃ = 51139.914 s The amplitude duration of a double amplitude around the calibrated perpendicular interval of the gravitational vector of the heavy mass of the test mass is measured with: τ ₃ = 1002.74 ms ± 3.02 ms The duration of a fall amplitude of the heavy mass of the test mass up to the plumbing interval is measured with the duration of a fall amplitude of: τ ₁ = 496.99 ms ± 2.71 ms The duration of all 51 fall amplitudes of the heavy mass of the test mass up to the plumbing interval is measured with the end value of all 51 fall times of: t ₁ = 25346.567 ms The duration of a rise amplitude of the inertial mass of the test mass from the plumb interval is measured with the duration of a rise amplitude of: τ ₂ = 505.75 ms ± 2.46 ms The duration of all 51 rise amplitudes of the inertial mass of the test mass from the plumbing interval is measured with the end value of all 51 rise times of: t ₂ = 25793.347 ms The distance of the center of gravity of the test mass at the center of gravity of the heavy mass of the test mass from the center of gravity of the test mass in the TO bearing system is measured with the aforementioned length of s _o = 995.55 mm ± 0.1 mm The distance of the center of inertia of the test mass at the center of inertia of the inertial mass of the test mass from the center of the weight of the test mass in the TO bearing system is measured with the aforementioned length of l _o = 999.55 mm ± 0.1 mm

The use of the aforementioned measurands, measured at the Rostock site at a level about 10 meters above sea level in the Baltic Sea with the aforementioned technical design of a combination absolute gravimeter with the characteristic features and characteristics described above, in the aforementioned absolute determinations of the acceleration results in a magnitude of the absolute measurement - the gravitational acceleration of the heavy mass of the test mass of the test body in a perpendicular direction to the earth body from: g _s = 39.782 m / s ² ± 0.401 m / s ² - the inertial acceleration of the inertial mass of the test mass of the test body in the anti-parallel direction from the earth body of: g _t = 38.571 m / s ² ± 0.369 m / s ² - the superposition acceleration of the gravitational acceleration and the inertial acceleration of the test mass of the test body in the resulting direction with the direction of fall of: g ' _o = 9.816 m / s ² ± 0.055 m / s ² - the resulting (fall) acceleration of the combined acting heavy mass and inert mass in the weighed mass of the test mass of the test body in the direction of fall with the practically indistinguishable size of: g ' _o = 9.816 m / s ² ± 0.055 m / s ²

The comparison with known measurement results with the known technique and technology mentioned at the beginning for the absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration with the highest accuracy with a specially designed absolute gravimeter, e.g. with the recommended value of a magnitude of the gravitational acceleration of 9.813mm / s ² according to PTB calibration instruction No. 9 based on it v. July 15, 1999, Section 5, for the calibration authorities of the federal states for the acceleration zone 4 in Germany, in which the above-mentioned location is located, shows that the above-mentioned measured variable of the superposition acceleration of the gravitational acceleration and the inertial acceleration of the test mass of the test body with the combination absolute gravimeter corresponds to the recommended value the acceleration due to gravity of: 100.03%.

In contrast and in contrast to this, there is no correspondence between the aforementioned measured variable of the gravitational acceleration of the heavy mass of the test mass of the test body to the earth body with empirical values and measured variables that can be obtained and offered with a known absolute gravimeter, but a significant difference and a systematic deviation of the attraction and gravitational acceleration of the heavy mass of the body to the earth's body by almost four times the size of the gravitational acceleration of the body to the earth's body. The difference, based on the aforementioned recommended value for the acceleration due to gravity for the calibration of a scale for measuring mass, the measurement result of which depends on the acceleration due to gravity, is: 405.40%.

The substitution of the aforementioned measured variables with the aforementioned technical design of the combination absolute gravimeter described above in the aforementioned absolute determinations of the force results in a variable of the absolute measurement - the gravitational force of the heavy mass of the test mass of the test body in a perpendicular direction to the earth body of: F _s = 303.03 mN ± 1.05% - the inertial force of the inertial mass of the test mass of the test body in an anti-parallel direction from the earth body of: F _t = 145.82 mN ± 0.97% - the superposition force of the force of gravity and the force of inertia of the test mass of the test body in the resulting direction close to the direction of fall of: F _w = 157.21 mN ± 1.01% - the resulting force of the resulting (fall) acceleration of the combined acting heavy mass and inertial mass in the weighed mass of the test mass of: F _w = 148.90 mN ± 0.56%

List of reference symbols

T0

Pivot bearing system

T1

Sensor system

T2

Signal vector scale

T3

Signal vector data transmission system

T4

Data processing and data storage system

T5

Monitoring scale

Ts

Signaling system

SVD

Signal-to-vector digitizing system

B.

T5 scale width, SVD length of a T5 line width

n

T5 scale, information display of the current micro-interval counting number, and / or memory and interval counting number "n" of the length, time and angle intervals

t

T5 scale, information display of the current micro time interval / duration of the time intervals. and / or storage and clocking counting number "t" of the time intervals,

x

T5 scale, counting number of the current latitude pixel, and / or memory and length interval counting number "y" of the microstructure elements of a T5 scale line

y

T5 scale, counting number of the current height pixel, and / or memory and length interval counting number "y" of the microstructure elements of a T5 scale column

Δx _o

T5 scale, characteristic length of the pixel width

Δy _o

T5 scale, characteristic length of the pixel height

X _o

T5 scale, digital initial value of the calibration of the plumb direction interval

δ _o

T5 scale, drift value of the plumb direction interval

X (t)

T5 scale, calibration value of the plumb direction interval

+ X

T5 scale, interval distance number, RIGHT from plumb direction interval

+ X Ax _o '

T2 scale, length interval to the RIGHT of the plumb direction interval

X

T5 scale, interval distance number, LEFT of the plumb line interval

X · Δx _o '

T2 scale, length interval LEFT of the plumb line interval

B '

T2 scale width, SVD length of a T2 line width

f '= B _o ' / B _o

Scaling / normalization factor f 'of the scale structure

f = B _o / B _o `

Scaling / normalizing factor f the scale structure

Δx ' _o

T2 scale, characteristic length of a standardized micro-element (micro-interval width)

Δy ' _o

T2 scale, characteristic length of a standardized micro-element (micro-interval height)

Δα _o = x _o '/ L _o

T2 scale, normalized micro-angle interval of the radius vector / signal vector

+ α. = Δx · Δα _o

T2 scale, angular interval of the signal vector to the RIGHT of the perpendicular direction interval

α. = Δx · Δα _o

T2 scale, angular interval of the signal vector LEFT from the vertical direction interval

hh: mm: ss

T5 scale, information display of the current time of day

DD: MM: YY

T5 scale, information display of the current calendar date

τ ₁

Duration of the downward / fall amplitude up to the vertical direction interval

τ ₂

Duration of the ascent / climb amplitude from the plumb direction interval

τ ₃

Duration of the conjugate double amplitude around the perpendicular direction interval

L _o

Length of the radius vector / signal vector

s _o

Length of the center of gravity vector

l ₀

Length of the swing point vector

m _o

normalized weighed mass of the T1 sensor system with the SI unit of mass

m _s

normalized heavy mass with the weighed mass of the T1 sensor system with the length of the center of gravity vector and the length of the oscillation point vector

m _t

normalized inertial mass with the weighed mass of the T1 sensor system with the length of the oscillation point vector and the length of the center of gravity vector

g _s

Gravitational acceleration of the heavy mass in a perpendicular direction

g _s

Vibration acceleration of the inertial mass in an anti-parallel direction

g ' _o

resulting acceleration of the heavy mass and the inert mass parallel to the direction of fall

F _s

Gravitational force of the heavy mass of the T1 sensor system

F _t

Inertial force of the inertial mass of the T1 sensor system

F ' _o

resulting force of the heavy mass and the inertial mass

F _w

Interaction force of gravitational force and the inertial force of the mass

Figure list

• 1 Embodiment of a combination absolute gravimeter
• 2 Embodiment of an angle-time-length interval measurement with 51 fall, rise, and double amplitudes with a signal-vector digitizer SVD with an SVD scale of a combination absolute gravimeter: Scheme of the time course of the direction interval and acceleration interval vectors of the center of gravity vector and the oscillation point vector using the example of the first three amplitudes
• 3rd .1 embodiment of an angle-time-length interval measurement with 51 fall, rise, and double amplitudes with a signal-vector digitizer SVD with an SVD scale of a combination absolute gravimeter with the absolute determination of the forces of the masses in the first two conjugate amplitudes of the heavy mass and the inert mass with a simplified representation of the probability of stay and the mean values of the force interval vectors:
  • - constant gravitational force of the heavy mass in the mean of the height level;
  • - variable inertial force of the inertial mass with the duration of the change of state;
  • - Resulting falling force of the interacting heavy mass and inertial mass for small perpendicular angles <3500 µrad very close to the weight of the weighed mass;
  • - The force of interaction between the force of gravity and the force of inertia, determined absolutely with the difference between the mean values of the forces
• 3rd .2 embodiment of an angle-time-length interval measurement with 51 fall, rise, and double amplitudes with a signal-vector digitizer SVD with an SVD scale of a combination absolute gravimeter with the absolute determination of the forces of the masses in the first four amplitudes with a different scaling of the probability of stay and the mean value of the force interval vectors with four time intervals of two fall amplitudes and two climb amplitudes:
  • - Height-dependent, therefore practically constant gravitational force of the heavy mass in the time intervals;
  • time-dependent inertial force of the inertial mass, which therefore changes with the duration of the change in state;
  • - The resulting force of both forces is to be measured for the measured perpendicular distance angle <3500 prad practically identical to the weight of the weighed mass (agreement: 100.03%);
  • - the interaction force of the gravitational force and the inertial force is to be determined with four amplitudes in an absolutely equivalent manner as with two double amplitudes according to 3rd .1
• 4th Embodiment of a digitized absolute measurement with a combination absolute gravimeter with a 3-mass type sensor with an SVD plumbing interval digital calibration with a digitized T5 scale plumbing interval> 1191 [px] and a digitized T5 scale plumbing interval <1192 [px] with 51 fall amplitudes the heavy mass, with 51 climbing amplitudes of the inert mass, and with double amplitudes of the heavy mass and the inert mass
• 5 Embodiment of a digitized absolute measurement with a combination absolute gravimeter with a 3-mass-type sensor with an SVD-plumbing interval digital calibration with a digitized T2-scale interval with right-hand plumbing distance angle amplitudes <3500 prad and left-hand plumbing distance angle amplitudes> 4000 prad with 51 drop amplitudes of the heavy mass up to the plumbing interval, with 51 rise amplitudes of the inertial mass from the plumbing interval, and with 51 double amplitudes of the heavy mass and the inertial mass around the plumbing interval

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 10201903869 [0001, 0027, 0056, 0076]
• US 9291742 B2 [0015]
• US 9507048 B2 [0015]
• US 1787536 A [0015]
• US 7451645 B2 [0017]
• US 8978465 B2 [0017]
• US 7149647 [0025]
• US 6909426 [0025]
• US 2018/0181221 [0025]

Claims (8)

Combination absolute gravimeter, consisting of a test mass of a test body T1, of a bearing system T0 of the weight of the test mass, of a signal transmitter Ts on the test body, of a signal display microstructure system T2 on the storage system, of at least one further monitor display microstructure system T5, of an absolute positioning system T3 of the signal marks of the signal transmitter with the signal display microstructure system T2, and from an absolute positioning system T4 of the monitor marks of the signal display marks, characterized by - the absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration and the gravitational force of the test mass, the absolute measurement of the inertial acceleration and the inertial force of the test mass, and the absolute measurement of the superposition acceleration and the superposition force the test mass with the unit of mass, with the unit of length, and with the unit of time - a vector interval measurement of the position of the reference marks in the test body with a force vector r with the reference mark of the center of gravity and with a force vector with the reference mark of the oscillation point with a signal vector of a force vector with the reference mark in the center of gravity of the test mass and a force vector with the reference mark in the oscillation point of the test mass, - a signal display microstructure system T2 of the signal vector on the bearing system with a Microinterval time standard, with a microinterval length standard, and with a microinterval angle standard - an absolute positioning system T3 of the signal vector with the signal display microstructure system T2 with an absolute positioning of signal display marks of the signal vector with the aforementioned microinterval normal, - an absolute positioning system T4 with the aforementioned signal display marks the monitor display microstructure system T5 with an absolute positioning of monitor display marks of the signal vector with a microinterval time standard and with a microinterval length standard of the monitor display microstructure systems T5. Combination absolute gravimeter according to Claim 1 , characterized by 2.1 a combination of the aforementioned arrangements executed with an embodiment with at least - a digital electronic T2 signal vector scale, - a digital electronic T5 - monitoring scale, - a microelectronic T3 / T4 computer system, - a mechanical or micromechanical T1 three-mass sensor system, - an elastic or inelastic T1 solid bearing system 2.2 a combination of the aforementioned methods with an embodiment with at least one digital electronic plumb direction micro-interval calibration of the gravitational force vector with the signal vector of the center of gravity vector with the T5 monitoring scale of the T2 signal vector scale with the T3 / T4 -Computer system, - a microinterval distance measurement of the center of gravity vector from the calibrated plumb direction microinterval of the gravitational force vector with T2 / T5 scale system of the T2 signal vector scale and the T5 monitor scale, Combination absolute gravimeter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a signal-vector digitizer SVD of the signal vector SV of the center of gravity vector and the oscillation point vector of the T1 three-mass type sensor with a T2 signal vector scale and a T5 monitor scale with a T3 signal scale absolute positioning system and signal data transmission system and with a T4 monitor scale absolute positioning system and data processing and data storage system of the monitor data of the signal data. Signal vector digitizer of a signal vector of a force vector of a test mass, characterized by 3.1 a microinterval measurement of the length, time and angle intervals of the signal vector of the force vector with a fall amplitude of the test mass up to the calibrated perpendicular direction microinterval of the gravitational force vector, with a rise amplitude of the test mass from the calibrated perpendicular direction -Microinterval calibrated plumb direction microinterval, and with a double amplitude of a fall amplitude and a rise amplitude around the calibrated plumb direction microinterval, 4.2 with a signal vector data set with regularly at least - an interval counting number "n" of the interval vector of the length, time and angle intervals from the beginning of an interval measurement; - a time interval counting number "t" of the cycle time normal of the time intervals of the time vector from the beginning of an interval measurement, - a length interval counting number "x" of the length interval normals of all microcells or microstructure elements in a scale line of a length and line vector of the T5 monitor scale from the beginning of an interval measurement, - a length interval counting number "y" of the length interval normal of all microcells or microstructure elements in a scale column of a length and line vector of the T5 monitor scale from the beginning of an interval measurement. Scale system of a signal vector digitizer according to Claim 4 , characterized by a T5 monitor scale with a quasi-real-time information display with a numerical real-time digit display with characteristic environmental data and interval vector data from the beginning of an interval measurement, regularly with at least - the daily interval hh: mm: ss of the signal vector positioning in hours, minutes and seconds , - the calendar interval DD: MM: YY of the signal vector positioning in day, month, and year, - the interval count number "n" of the interval data vector, and - the time interval count number "t" of the time normal of the interval data vector. Scale system of a signal vector digitizer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a T5 monitor scale with the aforesaid real-time information display in combination with a graphic real-time information display of characteristic interval vector data and / or characteristic environmental data from the beginning of an interval measurement. Combination absolute gravimeter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by 7.1 a T2 signal vector scale of choice, preferably a near-telemetric tablet scale, 7.2 a T5 monitoring scale of choice, preferably a TFT-LCD monitor scale with a normalization factor f of the micro-length structure of the monitor scale with respect to the tablet scale regularly larger as 2, f> 2, 7.3 a T3 / T4 computer system of choice, e.g. a 64-bit operating system with a CPU with 1 Ghz core clock, 100 Mhz bus clock, and 16 MByte RAM and a GPU with 300 Mhz core clock and 2 MByte R.A.M; 7.4 a T1 three-mass type sensor, preferably a tubular mechanical oscillator, 7.5 a signal transmitter Ts of the signal vector in / on the T1 three-mass type sensor, preferably a near telemetry transmitter, 7.6 a TO bearing system of the T1 three-mass type sensor, preferably a cylinder bearing or a elastic bearing, 7.7 a perpendicular interval calibration of the gravitational force vector with a signal vector of your choice, preferably with a digital monitor calibration function, e.g. with a T5 calibration value X (t) = x - (X _o + δ _o · t) with the aforementioned length interval count " x "with a T5 monitor _{scale constant X o} and a T5 monitor scale drift value δ _o per time unit of a cycle time standard of a time interval of time t from the beginning of an interval measurement, 7.8 an absolute length measurement with the unit of length with the length interval distance measurement of the gravity vector from the calibrated Plumb interval of the gravitational force vector with the signal vector with the microinterval length nnormal of the T2 signal vector scale by means of the microinterval length normal of the T5 monitor scale, 7.9 an absolute time measurement with the unit of time with the time interval distance measurement of the gravity vector from the calibrated perpendicular interval of the gravitational force vector with the signal vector with the microinterval time normal of the T2 signal vector scale by means of the Microinterval time standard of the T5 monitor scale, 7.10 an absolute angle measurement with the unit of the plane angle with the angular interval distance measurement of the direction of the center of gravity vector from the calibrated perpendicular direction interval of the gravitational force vector with the direction of the signal vector of the center of gravity vector with the absolute measurement of the distance L _{o of} the T2 display scale from the T0 center of rotation of the T1 sensor system with the length relation Ax ' _o / L _{o of} a microinterval length standard Δx' _{o of} a scale cell of the T2 display scale 7.11 an absolute mass measurement with the unit of mass and the unit of length by means of the Device-specific measured and calibrated length-mass structure of the T1 three-mass type sensor with the absolute measurement the heavy mass $${\text{m}}_{\text{s}}={\text{m}}_{\text{O}}\cdot \text{(1/}\left[1+{\left({\text{s}}_{\text{O}}\text{/}{\mathcal{l}}_{\text{O}}\right)}^2\right],$$

the inert mass $${\text{m}}_{\text{t}}={\text{m}}_{\text{O}}\cdot \text{(1/}\left[1+{\left({\mathcal{l}}_{\text{O}}{\text{/ s}}_{\text{O}}\right)}^2\right],$$

the weighed mass $${\text{m}}_{\text{O}}={\text{m}}_{\text{t}}+{\text{m}}_{\text{s}};$$

7.12 an absolute acceleration measurement with the unit of length and the unit of time with the measured and calibrated distances s _o and l _{o of} the center of gravity and the center of inertia of the test mass from the TO bearing center and the center of inertia of the test mass with the aforementioned microinterval time measurement with the duration τ ₁ the fall time of a fall amplitude of the test mass up to the calibrated plumb direction microinterval of the gravitational force _{vector, with the duration τ 2} a rise amplitude of the test mass from the calibrated plumb direction microinterval of the gravitational force vector, and with the duration τ ₃ a double amplitude around the calibrated plumb direction microinterval of the Gravitational force vector with the absolute measurement the gravitational acceleration $${\text{G}}_{\text{s}}=\left(\mathrm{\pi }{\text{s}}_{\text{O}}\right):\left({\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathrm{1}}^{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{/\; \pi }\right),$$

the acceleration of inertia $${\text{G}}_{\text{t}}=\left(\mathrm{\pi }{\mathcal{l}}_{\text{O}}\right):\left({\mathrm{\tau }}_2^{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{/\; \pi }\right),$$

the superposition acceleration $${\text{G}}_{\text{O}}^{\text{'}}=\left(\mathrm{\pi }{\mathcal{l}}_{\text{O}}\right):\left[\left({\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathrm{3rd}}^{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{/\; \pi }\right)\right];$$

7.13 an absolute force measurement with the unit of mass, with the unit of length, and with the unit of time with the aforementioned calibrated heavy mass and inertial mass and weighed mass of the T1 three-mass type sensor with the acceleration with the absolute measurement the gravitational force $${\text{F.}}_{\text{s}}={\text{m}}_{\text{s}}\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{s}}$$

of inertia $${\text{F.}}_{\text{t}}=\frac{1}{2}{\text{m}}_{\text{t}}\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{t}}$$

the force of superposition $${\text{F.}}_{\text{w}}={\text{F.}}_{\text{s}}-{\text{F.}}_{\text{t}},$$

the falling force $${\text{F.}}_{\text{O}}^{\text{'}}={\text{m}}_{\text{O}}\cdot {\text{G}}_{\text{O}}$$

Signal vector digitizer according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by 8.1 a laser signal energy transmitter Ts on the T1 three-mass type sensor, a T2 signal scale with a microstructure with organic LED scale elements or with inorganic CCD or CMOS scale elements, and a T5 monitor scale with an LED Display or OLED display, or 8.2 an electromagnetic RF resonance signal energy transmitter Ts on the T1 three-mass type sensor, a T2 signal scale with a microstructure with electrical resonance potential cells, and a T5 monitor scale with a TFT-LCD display or with an LED display or with an OLED display, or 8.3 a capacitive signal pick-up system on the T1 three-mass type sensor, a capacitive T2 signal scale, and a T5 monitor scale of choice.

Images