WO2000056995A1 - Method and form template for constructing a formwork for stairs, especially for cast concrete stair flights - Google Patents
Method and form template for constructing a formwork for stairs, especially for cast concrete stair flights Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000056995A1 WO2000056995A1 PCT/HU1999/000023 HU9900023W WO0056995A1 WO 2000056995 A1 WO2000056995 A1 WO 2000056995A1 HU 9900023 W HU9900023 W HU 9900023W WO 0056995 A1 WO0056995 A1 WO 0056995A1
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- Prior art keywords
- stair
- template
- formwork
- members
- erected
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/022—Stairways; Layouts thereof characterised by the supporting structure
- E04F11/035—Stairways consisting of a plurality of assembled modular parts without further support
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/022—Stairways; Layouts thereof characterised by the supporting structure
- E04F11/025—Stairways having stringers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/104—Treads
- E04F11/1041—Treads having means to adjust the height, the depth and/or the slope of the stair steps
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/104—Treads
- E04F11/116—Treads of stone, concrete or like material or with an upper layer of stone or stone like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with an upper layer of glass
Abstract
The novel method for constructing a formwork for cast concrete stair flights consists of the steps of carrying out an on-site survey in the course of which the exact characteristic data of the stair flight to be erected are determined, selecting an optimum pair of values of step height (sh) and stair step (ss) from a range of available predetermined set of values, preparing at least two form templates (2) of a length covering the total length of the stair flight to be erected, fixing, temporarily and provisionally, one of the form templates (2) to the wall surface confining the inner side of the stair flight to be erected and comparing, in situ, the correct shape and size of the stair flight and the form template (2) prepared for use in the formwork, removing the form template (2) from the wall and placing on and fixing the at least two form templates (2) to a form panel (fp), placing and fixing at least one side panel (sp) determining the at least one exposed side surface plane of the stair flight to the form templates (2), inserting and arranging reinforcing steel members providing the reinforcement structure of the stair flight within the formwork, arranging and fixing the cross panels (cp determining the front surfaces and the step height (sh) of the individual stairs of the stair flight to be erected, inserting, if any, sanitary engineering and electric fittings as well as receiving members such as internally threaded wall dowels (wd) for fixing various building structure members e.g. handrail supports etc. into the formwork, and fixing and securing the formwork members at their prescribed locations. The form template (2) of the invention is confined, on the top side of its position in the formwork, by perpendicular vertical and horizontal edge sections determining the characteristic sizes, especially the selected values of step height (sh) and stair step (ss) of the stair flight to be erected.
Description
Method and form template for constructing a formwork for stairs, especially for cast concrete stair flights
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a form template for designing and constructing a formwork for erecting stairs, especially cast concrete stair flights. The formwork generally, comprises at least one form panel for defining the at least partly sloping planar bottom surface of the stair flight. The at least one form panel is propped by adjustable height supporting struts. The formwork further comprises at least one side panel determining the at least one exposed side surface plane of the stair flight, and cross panels determining the front surfaces and the step height of the individual stairs of the stair flight to be erected. The form template is used at least in one pairs as a permanent formwork member to be retained in the concrete body of the stair flight, and it is of lattice structure allowing the free spreading of the concrete to be introduced into the space confined by the formwork.
Background Art
Form panels and other form members that are easily and rapidly mounted/dismounted, relocated and repeatedly used either at the same or other sites are widely applied for constructing large-surface formworks for erecting reinforced cast concrete building structures and other concrete projects. Known form panels and form members come as a system with well elaborated joints, clamps and other additional components. Through the application of such formwork members, high surface quality reinforced concrete structures can be created, which frequently do not or hardly require a subsequent surface finish.
For erecting cast concrete stairs and stair flights, and especially for constructing the formworks thereof, such large-scale systems are not known at all. The formworks for stairs and stair flights are usually made by cutting very expensive wooden planks prodigally to size on site, that is by ad hoc in-situ production, and the formwork material used is generally discarded. This also means that the formwork is very frequently ridden with size defects, the stairs made exhibit subjective flaws, they do not have an adequate aesthetic appearance, and they can only be turned into building structures of acceptable visual appearance and appropriate functionality, if at all, by substantial subsequent use of repair and cover materials and a significant labour input.
Even literature would not provide useful instructions for producing cast concrete steps and for developing up-to-date technologies for constructing formworks therefor.
Disclosure of the Invention
The main object of the present invention is to provide an up-to-date, cost efficient technology and structural approach for designing and constructing formworks for erecting cast concrete stairs and stair flights, both for a single project and for large scale implementations. In the following description and in relation to the present invention, the term stair flight is intended to include all cast concrete staircase structures consisting of a series of stairs which all have a horizontal top surface, regardless of whether it is a free standing structure with a landing or turning or an enclosed or free standing supported structure of interrupted design.
The invention is based on the recognition that by appropriate design and application of a so-called form template, which is a tool that can be designed and produced as a low cost simple batch item with various sizes aimed at proper functionality and by creating the appropriate conditions, the production technology of cast concrete stair flights can be turned into a cost efficient large-scale operation by making full use of the well known advantages of large scale production against small-scale methods. By the design and application of the form template according to the present invention erecting cast concrete stair flights and especially constructing the formwork therefor is rendered possible by a novel method, which guarantees the accurate maintaining of dimensions, allows for the repeated checking of the prescribed dimensions during production and permits the creation of stair flight formwork members without the need for cutting much and expensive wood to size on site.
The above and other objects of the invention are fully met by the provision and the use of a novel method comprising, according to the invention, the steps of
- carrying out an on-site survey in the course of which the exact values of a lower level and a landing upper level, the largest possible flyer width, and the largest possible projected length, together with the actual positions of optional landing(s) and/or turn(s) of the stair flight to be erected are determined,
- selecting, on the basis of the determinations and measurements taken in the course of the on-site survey, an optimum pair of values of step height and stair step from a range of available pre-determined set of values for said step height and stair step,
- preparing or assembling at least two form templates of a length covering the total length of the stair flight to be erected and having stepped, perpendicular edge sections of sizes corresponding to the selected pair of values for step height and stair step,
- fixing, temporarily and provisionally, one of the form templates to the wall surface confining the inner side of the stair flight to be erected and comparing, in situ, the correct shape and size of the stair flight and the form template prepared for use in the formwork, together with defining the confining bottom plane of the formwork by arranging at least one form panel in proper position by its propping by means of at least one adjustable supporting strut,
- removing the form template from the wall and placing on and fixing the at least two form templates to the at least one form panel in spaced, substantially parallel positions relative to each other and in distances measured from the respective side planes of the stair flight to be erected,
- placing and fixing at least one side panel determining the at least one exposed side surface plane of the stair flight, preferably to at least one of the form templates,
- inserting and arranging reinforcing steel members providing the reinforcement structure of the stair flight within the formwork assembled so far,
- arranging and fixing the cross panels determining the front surfaces and the step height of the individual stairs of the stair flight to be erected,
- inserting, if any, sanitary engineering and electric fittings such as pipes, cable ducts, flush boxes and lighting points, as well as receiving members such as internally threaded wall dowels envisaged for fixing various building structure members e.g. handrail supports etc. into the formwork, and
- fixing and securing the formwork members at their prescribed locations.
In cases where a substantial difference is observed between the level and length sizes determined by the on-site survey and the pair of the optimum values selected for step height and stair step from the available pre-determined set of values therefor, or if the customer so wishes, at least one stair step of a size different from the pair of values selected for step height and stair step may be inserted in the landing(s) or turn(s) of the stair flight to be erected.
After having constructed the formwork by using the method according to the invention as summarised above, the formwork it is filled up with concrete in a manner known per se. The horizontal surfaces of the stairs are finished by additional cement screeding if necessary, and after a waiting time for the concrete to reach its appropriate strength, the formwork is removed.
The form template referred to above is, in accordance with the present invention, designed and shaped as a structural unit of a planar formation having a length covering the total length and a thickness size neglectable in respect to the actual step width of the stair flight to be erected. The form template is confined, on the top side of its position in the formwork, by perpendicular vertical and horizontal edge sections determining the characteristic sizes, especially the selected values of step height and stair step of the stair flight to be erected. The form template is furthermore capable of keeping, as an option, in fixed positions in the formwork, various other functional component parts of the formwork such as sanitary engineering, electric and other fittings as well as structural elements intended to be embedded, at least partially, in the concrete body of the stair flight to be erected.
Preferred embodiments of the form template are assembled, in accordance with and depending on local requirements, from a number of individual identical standard template members pre-fabricated to a given shape and size. In such embodiments of the form template each template member is preferably designed and shaped as a frame structure consisting of a hollow oblong shaped frame field and a hollow rectangular triangle shaped frame field, wherein a shorter right angle side of the rectangular triangle shaped frame field is aligned with and joined to a shorter vertical side of the oblong shaped frame field, and a longer, upper right angle side of the rectangular triangle shaped frame field is arranged in line with and representing a continuous elongation of a longer, upper side of the oblong shaped frame field. In parallel horizontal sides of each template member
jointing means and/or apertures are provided for releasably assembling adjacent template members to each other in a staggered sequence corresponding to the optimum value of the stair step selected for the actual stair flight to be erected. In still preferred embodiments of the invention each template member is designed and shaped as a two- piece component part consisting of a first member piece and a second member piece. The oblong shaped frame field of the first member piece is open at the bottom and has a substantially facing down U-form while the second member piece is designed as a structural member of substantially U-form open at the top and having a hollow oblong shape, and the second member piece is provided with shorter vertical legs to fit into the facing down U-form of the first member piece. Both member pieces of the template members have, in the position of their application, vertical extending legs and a divided stem that are designed so as to have matching surfaces provided with jointing means and/or apertures for releasably and adjustably assembling the two member pieces of a template member to each other. The jointing means may consist of a row of equally spaced bores suitable for receiving pin-like jointing bolts, or alternatively, the surfaces of the legs and the divided stem of the member pieces of the template members may be provided with interlocking complementary, preferably dovetail shaped grooved and tongued surfaces of matching cross section, or with a row of matching snap-in pins and bores. The front vertical leg of each template member is provided with suitable fixing means, preferably protruding pins for securing the cross panels of the formwork to the form templates thereof. The template members, preferably their vertical legs between the oblong shaped frame field and the triangular shaped frame field of the frame structure, are further provided with at least one protruding pin or bore for fastening wall dowels to the form template. Finally the template members may also be provided at the bottom of their frame structure with a strengthened supporting and fixing section, said fixing section having means, preferably eyelets for securing the template members of the form template to a corresponding component part, especially to the at least one form panel of the formwork.
The form templates of the invention may be of the most diverse finish and can be made of a wide diversity of structural materials. Their design enables the production of very favourable form templates consisting of template members of identical size and shape, made mostly by large batch injection moulding preferably of recycled plastics waste.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The present invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is perspective view showing, during construction and in a semi-finished state, a formwork of a stair flight as one example of using the method and the form template embodying the present invention,
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view illustration of a preferred embodiment of the form template according to the present invention,
Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary side view of the form template of Fig. 2 showing in more detail, its structure consisting of a series of prefabricated identical template members of plastic material,
Fig. 4 is a more detailed elevational drawing of a preferred design of a plastic template member,
Fig. 5 is a side view showing, in elevation, the more particular design of the plastic template member shown in Fig. 4 by simultaneously illustrating its adjustability for providing different desired step heights,
Fig. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of a rear end fragment of the template member shown in Figs. 4 and 5,
Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary side view showing, as another detail, the front end fragment of the template member shown in Figs. 4 and 5, and
Fig. 8 is a cross sectional fragmentary view of a detail of the stair flight formwork shown in Fig. 1 in its state already filled up with concrete but not yet removed, the fragmentary section depicting, embedded into the cast concrete body, the form template and two wall dowels serving the purpose of clamping the future handrail of the staircase.
Best Mode for carrying out the Invention
Fig. 1 of the attached drawing is perspective view showing, during construction and in a semi-finished state, a formwork of a stair flight as one example of using the method and a pair of form templates 2 embodying the present invention. The formwork
shown by way of an example only, consists of a form panel supported by an adjustable height supporting strut S, the form panel fp defining the sloping bottom plane, a side panel sp_ defining the exposed side plane, and cross panels cp defining the step height sh and the front surfaces of the individual stairs of the stair flight to be erected. In accordance with the decisive steps of the method according to the present invention, first of all the actual positions of a lower bottom level 11 and a landing upper level ul of the stair flight to be erected are determined by a local survey, and from this, the actual level difference Δl of the step is exactly calculated. In the course of the local survey, also the degree of actual readiness of the building structure at the time of the survey is taken into consideration and the measured level values are, depending on the covering, e.g. on the floor heating envisaged etc., corrected. On the basis of the architectural plans, local endowments and optional customer requirements disclosed, the desired value for flyer width fw is defined, along with, if any, the desired positions of envisaged landing(s) and/or turn(s) of the staircase. On the basis of the measurements taken during the local survey, an optimum pair of values of step height sh and stair step ss is selected from a range of available pre-determined values changing, e.g. in 1 cm increments, between 14 cm and 21 cm regarding the values for step height sh and also in 1 cm increments between 22 cm and 35 cm concerning the values for stair step ss. As an actual example for erecting a cast concrete stair flight, the on-site survey revealed a (corrected) level difference of Δl = 306 cm, a maximum possible projected length p_lmax = 520 cm and a largest possible flyer width of wmax = 105 cm. It has been found that by selecting the values sh = 17 cm for the step height and ss= 30 cm for the stair step from the range of the available pre-determined pairs of values for step height sh/stair step ss^. an optimum size continuous stair flight consisting of eighteen stairs without intermediate landing, interruption or turn in the staircase can be designed and erected. The flyer width fw has been selected to be 100 cm, and the length of the stair flight projected to the horizontal plane (17 steps having a stair step ss = 30 cm each) resulted in a value of pi = 510 cm.
Of course, there could be local endowments or other compelling conditions which would not allow for designing a continuous stair flight of a constant slope. The method according to the present invention does not exclude inserting at the landing(s) or turn(s) of the stair flight at least one stair of a size different from the selected pair of values if this is actually requested by the customer or if in an actual case, a significant deviation is experienced between the level and length sizes determined by local survey and the
optimum pair of values for step height sh and stair step ss selected from the predetermined available range.
Having carried out the on-site survey and having, as a result of this, determined the final characteristic values of the stair flight to be erected, in the course of performing the next characteristic feature of the method according to the present invention, a pair of form templates 2 of a length covering the total length of the stair flight and having stepped edge sections of sizes corresponding to the selected pair of values for step height sh and stair step ss is prepared. Regarding material and structural design of the form template 2, there are no special restrictions concerning the essence of the present invention. The form template 2 according to the present invention must provide however, an appropriate steadiness of size on the one hand, and on the other hand, it must be of appropriate strength and rigidity to withstand the mechanical loads arising in the course of concrete fill-up. It must furthermore be of a hollow lattice or frame structure to make sure that the concrete is allowed of free spreading within the formwork in the course of filling up, and as a permanent, retained formwork members, the presence of form templates should not cause unfilled spaces and voids in the cast concrete body.
For providing large-scale and cost efficient practical applications of the invention, it has been found to be advantageous when the form template 2 is designed as a structural unit consisting of a rigidly aligned arrangement of a series of standard prefabricated template members 20 in a way shown especially in Figs. 3 to 7 of the attached drawing. Fig. 3 shows that the form template 2 is designed as a structural unit consisting of individual template members 20 having identical shape and size and placed on and secured to one another. The form template 2 represents a planar formation of hollow frame structures designed in a staggered manner in accordance with the determined stair step ss of the stair flight to be erected. Figs. 3 to 5 show that the template members 20 are not necessarily but advantageously large batch injection moulded plastic component parts comprising a hollow oblong shaped frame field 21 and a hollow rectangular triangle shaped frame field 22 wherein a shorter right angle side 220 of the rectangular triangle shaped frame field 22 is aligned with and joined to a shorter vertical side 210 of the oblong shaped frame field 21, and a longer, upper right angle side 221 of the rectangular triangle shaped frame field 22 is arranged in line with and thus, represents a continuous elongation of a longer, upper side 211 of the oblong shaped frame field 21. In order to provide sufficient strength for keeping the appropriate shape, the template members 20 have a divided stem 204 bridging, in a vertical direction, the middle range
of the hollow section in the oblong shaped frame field 21. On parallel horizontal sides of the template members 20 dovetail shaped grooved and tongued surfaces 23 are provided for securing, in a releasable way, the adjacent template members 20 of the form template 2 to each other. The grooved and tongued surfaces 23 allow for implementing e.g. in 1 cm increments, a range of stair step values of ss = 22 to 35 cm chosen from the pair of values for step height sh /stair step ss mentioned further above. For the releasable securing of the template members 20 to each other in an adjustable manner also other known ways of jointing, especially such as equally spaced lines of bores, or matching surfaces interlocking along complementary wave or other shaped lines, or a row of snap- in pins matching with a corresponding line of bores can be applied. For the simple implementation of values for step height sh within the range of sh = 14 to 25 cm for example in 1 cm increments, the use of pre-fabricated standard adjustable two-piece template members 20 shown in Figs. 3 to 7 of the drawing has proved to be very advantageous. Such two-piece template members 20 consist of a first member piece 201 and a second member piece 202. An oblong shaped frame field 21 of the first member piece 201 is open at the bottom and has a substantially facing down U-form, while the second member piece 202 is designed as a structural member of substantially U-form open at the top and having a hollow oblong shape, where shorter vertical legs 203 of the second member piece 202 fit into the facing down U-form of the first member piece 201. For implementing the desired step height sh selected from the range of optimum values mentioned further above, the matching surfaces of vertical legs 205, 203 and 203, 206 and the matching surfaces of the stem 204 of the member pieces 201 and 202 are designed and shaped as grooved and tongued surfaces 23 of dovetail shape, releasably interlocking and thus, suitably and securely joining the member pieces 201 and 202 in positions selectable in 1 cm increments with respect to each other.
On the vertical front leg 205 of the oblong shaped 21 frame field of the frame structure of the template member 20 there are protruding pins 24 suitable for clamping and thus, holding in position, cross panels cp of the formwork. On the vertical leg 206 of the triangular shape frame field 22 of the template members 20, there are bores 25 suitable for receiving and holding wall dowels wd as shown in Figs. 1 and 8. At its bottom end finally, the template member 20 has a strengthened supporting and fixing section comprising eyelets 26 by the use of which individual template members 20 of the form template 2 can be secured by nails 3 to the form panel fjj which in turn determines the sloping bottom plane of the stair flight to be erected.
For constructing the formwork by using the method according to the present invention, one of the two self-carrying form templates 2 that have been assembled by arranging template members 20 to a formation of the selected and desired size, is temporarily and provisionally fixed - generally nailed - to the wall surface confining the inner side of the stair flight to be erected. By doing so, the correct shape and size of the stair flight and that of the form template to be used as defining part of its formwork are compared and checked in situ. At the same time, the confining bottom plane of the stair flight is defined, too. A form panel fp for creating the bottom plane of the formwork is fitted and fixed, by propping with an adjustable height supporting strut S, in proper position. Following this, the form template 2 is removed from the wall, and the two form templates 2 are placed on and fixed to the form panel r in distances of cs measured from the respective side planes of the stair flight. Reinforcing steel members providing the reinforcement of the stair flight are arranged, and by securing them to the protruding pins 24 of the template members 20 of the form template 2, the cross panel members cp of the formwork are fixed (Fig. 7). By appropriate choice from a range of various prefabricated and reusable steel or plastic plate cross panels cp that may even be of curved shape, even formworks for very decorative cast concrete stair flights can be shaped and erected by using the procedure and the form templates according to the present invention. Prior to filling in the concrete finally, sanitary engineering and electric fittings such as pipes, cable ducts, flush boxes and lighting points, as well as receiving members such as internally threaded wall dowels wd envisaged for fixing various building structure members e.g. handrail supports etc. are inserted, and the formwork members are fixed and secured at their prescribed locations. Threaded wall dowels wd can also be utilised for the temporary fixing and holding a side panel sp of the formwork as shown in Figs. 1 and 8 of the attached drawing.
The formwork designed and constructed as described above, by using the method and the form templates 2 according to the present invention is finally filled up with concrete in a manner known per se. The horizontal surfaces of the stair steps are finished by additional cement screeding, and after a waiting time for the concrete to reach the appropriate strength, the formwork is removed while the form templates 2 remain, together with certain other parts of the formwork embedded on purpose in the concrete structure as referred to further above, retained within the cast concrete body of the stair flight.
By carrying out the invention, cast concrete stair flights can be erected with an accuracy much higher than heretofore, and by meeting at a higher quality both, functional and aesthetic requirements. Many of the component parts used for constructing the formwork may be repeatedly used several times. Some formwork members, especially the form panels determining the bottom plane of the stair flight and the cross and side panel members may be leased and re-used for subsequent applications whereby considerable savings can be achieved on expensive one-way wood material used in conventional formworks by conventional methods, so far. The form templates according to the present invention which represent permanent, retained members of the formwork function as an additional reinforcement for increasing mechanical strength and their presence can be taken into consideration when designing static loadability and when dimensioning the reinforcement. Since the template members are cheap standard elements of batch manufacture made of preferably recycled plastics, their use implies compared to other expenses, neglectable costs only.
Claims
1. A method for designing and constructing a formwork for erecting stairs, especially cast concrete stair flights, the formwork comprising at least one form panel (fp) for defining the at least partly sloping planar bottom surface of the stair flight, said at least one form panel (fp) being propped by adjustable height supporting struts (S), the formwork further comprising at least one side panel (sp) determining the at least one exposed side surface plane of the stair flight, and cross panels (cp) determining the front surfaces and the step height (sh) of the individual stairs of the stair flight to be erected, the method being characterised in the steps of
- carrying out an on-site survey in the course of which the exact values of a lower level (11) and a landing upper level (ul), the largest possible flyer width (fw), and the largest possible projected length (pi), together with the actual positions of optional landing(s) and/or turn(s) of the stair flight to be erected are determined,
- selecting, on the basis of the determinations and measurements taken in the course of the on-site survey, an optimum pair of values of step height (sh) and stair step (ss) from a range of available pre-determined set of values for said step height (sh) and stair step (ss),
- preparing or assembling at least two form templates (2) of a length covering the total length of the stair flight to be erected and having stepped, perpendicular edge sections of sizes corresponding to the selected pair of values for step height (sh) and stair step (ss),
- fixing, temporarily and provisionally, one of the form templates (2) to the wall surface confining the inner side of the stair flight to be erected and comparing, in situ, the correct shape and size of the stair flight and the form template (2) prepared for use in the formwork, together with defining the confining bottom plane of the formwork by arranging at least one form panel (fp) in proper position by its propping by means of at least one adjustable supporting strut (S),
- removing the form template (2) from the wall and placing on and fixing the at least two form templates (2) to the at least one form panel (fp) in spaced, substantially parallel positions relative to each other and in distances (cs) measured from the respective side planes of the stair flight to be erected,
- placing and fixing at least one side panel (sp) determining the at least one exposed side surface plane of the stair flight, preferably to at least one of the form templates (2) - inserting and arranging reinforcing steel members providing the reinforcement structure of the stair flight within the formwork assembled so far,
- arranging and fixing the cross panels (cp) determining the front surfaces and the step height (sh) of the individual stairs of the stair flight to be erected,
- inserting, if any, sanitary engineering and electric fittings such as pipes, cable ducts, flush boxes and lighting points, as well as receiving members such as internally threaded wall dowels (wd) envisaged for fixing various building structure members e.g. handrail supports etc. into the formwork, and
- fixing and securing the formwork members at their prescribed locations.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that in case a substantial difference is observed between the level and length sizes determined by the on-site survey and the pair of the optimum values selected for step height (sh) and stair step (ss) from the available pre-determined set of values therefore, or if the customer so wishes, at least one stair step of a size different from the pair of values selected for step height (sh) and stair step (ss) is inserted in the landing(s) or turn(s) of the stair flight to be erected.
3. A form template (2) for constructing a formwork for erecting cast concrete stair flights, especially for formworks constructed by making use of the method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, the form template (2) being used at least in one pairs as a permanent formwork member to be retained in the concrete body of the stair flight, and being of lattice structure allowing the free spreading of the concrete to be introduced into the space confined by the formwork, the form template (2) being characterised in being designed and shaped as a structural unit of planar formation having a length covering the total length and a thickness size neglectable in respect to the actual step width (sw) of the stair flight to be erected, said form template (2) being confined, on the top side of its position in the formwork, by perpendicular vertical and horizontal edge sections determining the characteristic sizes, especially the selected values of step height (sh) and stair step (ss) of the stair flight to be erected, and said form template (2) being furthermore capable of keeping, as an option, in fixed positions in the formwork, various other functional component parts of the formwork such as sanitary engineering, electric and other fittings as well as structural elements intended to be embedded, at least partially, in the concrete body of the stair flight to be erected.
4. The form template as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that it is assembled, in accordance with and depending on local requirements, from a number of individual identical standard template members (20) pre-fabricated to a given shape and size.
5. The form template as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that it is assembled from individual template members (20) of identical shape and size, placed on and fixed to one another in a staggered manner corresponding to a selected stair step (ss), wherein each template member (20) is designed and shaped as a frame structure consisting of a hollow oblong shaped frame field (21) and a hollow rectangular triangle shaped frame field (22), and wherein a shorter right angle side (220) of the rectangular triangle shaped frame field (22) is aligned with and joined to a shorter vertical side (210) of the oblong shaped frame field (21), and a longer, upper right angle side (221) of the rectangular triangle shaped frame field (22) being arranged in line with and representing a continuous elongation of a longer, upper side (211) of the oblong shaped frame field (21).
6. The form template as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that on, in the position of application, horizontal parallel sides of each planar formation frame structure template member (20) jointing means and/or apertures are provided for releasably assembling adjacent template members (20) to each other in a staggered sequence corresponding to the optimum value of the stair step (ss) selected for the actual stair flight to be erected.
7. The form template as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that in at least one of the, in the position of application, horizontal parallel sides of the planar formation frame structure template members (20) a row of equally spaced bores is provided for receiving pin-like jointing means suitable for fixing, in a releasable way, adjacent template members (20) placed on each other in a staggered manner corresponding to the selected optimum value of the stair step (ss) of the stair flight to be erected to each other, or alternatively, said parallel sides of the template members (20) being provided with interlocking complementary, preferably dovetail shaped grooved and tongued surfaces (23) of matching cross section, or with a row of matching snap-in pins and bores.
8. The form template as claimed in any one of the claims 5 to 7, characterised in that each template member (20) is designed and shaped as a two-piece component part consisting of a first member piece (201) and a second member piece (202), where the oblong shaped frame field (21) of the first member piece (201) is open at the bottom and has a substantially facing down U-form while the second member piece (202) is designed as a structural member of substantially U-form open at the top and having a hollow oblong shape, the second member piece (202) being provided with shorter vertical legs (203) to fit into the facing down U-form of the first member piece (201).
9. The form template as claimed in any one of the claims 5 to 8, characterised in that the template members (20) are provided with a divided stem (204) bridging in a vertical direction, the middle range of the hollow section of the oblong shaped frame field (21).
10. The form template as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterised in that both member pieces (201, 202) of the template members (20) have, in the position of their application, vertical extending legs (205, 206, 203) and a divided stem (204) that are designed so as to have matching surfaces (23) provided with jointing means and/or apertures for releasably and adjustably assembling the two member pieces (201, 202) of a template member (20) to each other, said jointing means consisting of a row of equally spaced bores suitable for receiving pin-like jointing bolts, or alternatively, said surfaces (23) of the legs (205, 206, 203) and the divided stem (204) of the member pieces (201, 202) of the template members (20) being provided with interlocking complementary, preferably dovetail shaped grooved and tongued surfaces (23) of matching cross section, or with a row of matching snap-in pins and bores.
11. The form template as claimed in any one of the claims 5 to 10, characterised in the front vertical leg (205) of each template member (20) being provided with suitable fixing means, preferably protruding pins (24) for securing the cross panels (cp) of the formwork to the form templates (2) thereof, the template members (20), preferably their vertical leg (206) between the oblong shaped frame field (21) and triangular shaped frame field (22) of the frame structure, being further provided with at least one protruding pin or bore (25) for fastening wall dowels (wd) to the form template (2), and the template members (20) being also provided at the bottom of their frame structure with a strengthened supporting and fixing section, said fixing section having means, preferably eyelets (26) for securing the template members (20) of the form template (2) to a corresponding component part, especially to the at least one form panel (fp) of the formwork.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/HU1999/000023 WO2000056995A1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 1999-03-22 | Method and form template for constructing a formwork for stairs, especially for cast concrete stair flights |
| AU31626/99A AU3162699A (en) | 1999-03-22 | 1999-03-22 | Method and form template for constructing a formwork for stairs, especially for cast concrete stair flights |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/HU1999/000023 WO2000056995A1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 1999-03-22 | Method and form template for constructing a formwork for stairs, especially for cast concrete stair flights |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000056995A1 true WO2000056995A1 (en) | 2000-09-28 |
Family
ID=10991243
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/HU1999/000023 WO2000056995A1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 1999-03-22 | Method and form template for constructing a formwork for stairs, especially for cast concrete stair flights |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU3162699A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000056995A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2385340A (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2003-08-20 | George Owen | Modular stringer for staircase |
| GB2491566A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-12-12 | Adam Millar & Sons Ltd | Stairway apparatus for installation to a natural slope |
| GB2509373A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-07-02 | Permashutter Ltd | Formwork for steps |
| US20170239838A1 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-24 | II Richard J. Eggleston | Method and apparatus for production of precision precast concrete flights of stairs |
| CN108396965A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-14 | 广西建工集团第三建筑工程有限责任公司 | A kind of stair step construction seams mold device |
| CN109853947A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-06-07 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | A kind of stair template installation method of band someone row pedal |
| CN111779266A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-16 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Stair are pour construction and are used rotatory aluminium mould of combination |
| CN113738037A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-03 | 无锡地铁建设有限责任公司 | Vertical limit structure of slip end of assembled stair |
| WO2024011786A1 (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2024-01-18 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | Internal and external corner construction structure and construction method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4250672A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-02-17 | American Stair Corporation Inc. | Externally reinforced concrete stairs |
| US4583335A (en) * | 1983-06-17 | 1986-04-22 | Mobirolo S.P.A. | Ready-to-assemble staircase system featuring modular components |
| EP0516606A1 (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-12-02 | Bernard Gossuin | Prefabricated permanent shuttering for reinforced concrete stairs |
| US5778610A (en) * | 1997-03-28 | 1998-07-14 | Berg; Thomas L. | Modular stair jack system |
| US5806254A (en) * | 1996-03-04 | 1998-09-15 | Bennett; Michael Hebden | Modular tread and riser unit |
-
1999
- 1999-03-22 WO PCT/HU1999/000023 patent/WO2000056995A1/en active Application Filing
- 1999-03-22 AU AU31626/99A patent/AU3162699A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4250672A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-02-17 | American Stair Corporation Inc. | Externally reinforced concrete stairs |
| US4583335A (en) * | 1983-06-17 | 1986-04-22 | Mobirolo S.P.A. | Ready-to-assemble staircase system featuring modular components |
| EP0516606A1 (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-12-02 | Bernard Gossuin | Prefabricated permanent shuttering for reinforced concrete stairs |
| US5806254A (en) * | 1996-03-04 | 1998-09-15 | Bennett; Michael Hebden | Modular tread and riser unit |
| US5778610A (en) * | 1997-03-28 | 1998-07-14 | Berg; Thomas L. | Modular stair jack system |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2385340B (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2005-10-19 | George Owen | Improvements in or relating to staircases |
| GB2385340A (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2003-08-20 | George Owen | Modular stringer for staircase |
| GB2491566A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-12-12 | Adam Millar & Sons Ltd | Stairway apparatus for installation to a natural slope |
| GB2491566B (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2017-04-12 | Adam Millar & Sons Ltd | Stairway apparatus |
| GB2509373A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-07-02 | Permashutter Ltd | Formwork for steps |
| US10500760B2 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2019-12-10 | II Richard J. Eggleston | Method and apparatus for production of precision precast concrete flights of stairs |
| US20170239838A1 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-24 | II Richard J. Eggleston | Method and apparatus for production of precision precast concrete flights of stairs |
| CN108396965A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-14 | 广西建工集团第三建筑工程有限责任公司 | A kind of stair step construction seams mold device |
| CN108396965B (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2023-08-01 | 广西建工集团第三建筑工程有限责任公司 | Stair step construction joint sealing device |
| CN109853947A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-06-07 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | A kind of stair template installation method of band someone row pedal |
| CN111779266A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-16 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Stair are pour construction and are used rotatory aluminium mould of combination |
| CN113738037A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-03 | 无锡地铁建设有限责任公司 | Vertical limit structure of slip end of assembled stair |
| CN113738037B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-09-01 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Vertical limit structure of sliding end of assembled stair |
| WO2024011786A1 (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2024-01-18 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | Internal and external corner construction structure and construction method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU3162699A (en) | 2000-10-09 |
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