WO2000049673A1 - Source of current with series connected cells - Google Patents
Source of current with series connected cells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000049673A1 WO2000049673A1 PCT/DE2000/000462 DE0000462W WO0049673A1 WO 2000049673 A1 WO2000049673 A1 WO 2000049673A1 DE 0000462 W DE0000462 W DE 0000462W WO 0049673 A1 WO0049673 A1 WO 0049673A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cells
- current
- fuel
- diodes
- fuel cells
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04671—Failure or abnormal function of the individual fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a current source consisting of a plurality of cells which are electrically connected in series. Electricity is generated or provided by the individual cells.
- Examples of devices of the type mentioned at the outset are a plurality of batteries connected in series or a plurality of fuel cells connected in series, that is to say a fuel cell stack.
- a fuel cell has a cathode, an electrolyte and an anode.
- the cathode becomes an oxidizing agent, e.g. B. air and the anode becomes a fuel, e.g. B. supplied hydrogen.
- the SOFC fuel cell is also called a high-temperature fuel cell because its operating temperature is up to 1000 ° C.
- oxygen ions form on the cathode of a high-temperature fuel cell.
- the oxygen ions pass through the electrolyte and recombine on the anode side with the hydrogen from the fuel to form water.
- the recombination releases electrons and thus generates electrical energy.
- the operating temperature of a PEM fuel cell is approximately 80 ° C.
- Protons are formed on the anode of a PEM fuel cell in the presence of the fuel using a catalyst. The protons pass that Electrolytes and combine on the cathode side with the oxygen from the oxidizing agent to form water. Electrons are released and electrical energy is generated.
- Several fuel cells are usually electrically and mechanically connected to one another by connecting elements to achieve high electrical outputs.
- An example of such a connecting element is the bipolar plate known from DE 44 10 711 C1. Using bipolar plates, fuel cells stacked one above the other and electrically connected in series are produced. This arrangement is called a fuel cell stack.
- methane or methanol can be provided as fuel.
- the fuels mentioned are by reforming or oxidation u. a. converted to hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas.
- the individual cells of a power generation device are PEM fuel cells and a single fuel cell falls e.g. B. due to a malfunction of an operating fluid supply
- the current flowing through the electrolysis membrane decomposes the water contained in the membrane to hydrogen and oxygen.
- the oxygen emerges on the anode side and the hydrogen on the cathode side.
- oxygen reaches the anode compartments of the other cells via feed lines.
- Mixed potentials arise.
- Sow material recombines with the hydrogen generated on the anode side. In this way, the generation of electricity in neighboring fuel cells is reduced and finally stopped.
- the failure of a fuel cell in a series connection of fuel cells can thus poison other fuel cells. Overall, the performance of such a fuel cell stack is significantly reduced.
- the object of the invention is to provide a device and to specify a use in which power losses which can be attributed to the defect of an individual cell in a series connection are minimized in a simple, inexpensive and low-volume manner.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a device with the features of the main claim and by a
- diodes are connected in parallel to individual cells.
- the diodes are like this polarized that the current flow through the diodes is possible in the normal direction.
- the normal direction is understood to mean the flow direction which is provided during the operation of an intact power generation device.
- the diodes are switched so that there is no short circuit.
- Each individual cell advantageously has a diode connected in parallel in order to achieve maximum success.
- the provision of a diode is required to make one
- the diode has a low ohmic resistance. During trouble-free operation of the device, the current flows through the individual cells, since these do not have an electrical resistance, but one
- the device remains as powerful as possible with comparatively simple means even in the event of a fault.
- symptoms of poisoning from neighboring cells as can occur in a fuel cell stack, are avoided.
- the cells are fuel cells, since such a device not only prevents losses in performance due to ohmic resistances, but also prevents the occurrence of poisoning. In the case of a fuel cell stack is consequently have a particularly great performance-preserving effect.
- a device according to the claims is used, for example, in mobile devices such as portable computers, portable lamps and the like, since special attention must be paid to light weight and volume.
- a plurality of fuel cells 1 are electrically connected to one another in series.
- a diode 2 is connected in parallel to each fuel cell 1 in such a way that the current I generated by the fuel cells cannot cause a short circuit.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000600319A JP2002540555A (en) | 1999-02-20 | 2000-02-15 | Power supply with fuel cells connected in series |
EP00909036A EP1155469A1 (en) | 1999-02-20 | 2000-02-15 | Source of current with series connected cells |
AU31464/00A AU3146400A (en) | 1999-02-20 | 2000-02-15 | Source of current with series connected cells |
CA002398727A CA2398727A1 (en) | 1999-02-20 | 2000-02-15 | Current source with series connected cells |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19907369.4 | 1999-02-20 | ||
DE19907369A DE19907369C2 (en) | 1999-02-20 | 1999-02-20 | Power source with cells connected in series |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000049673A1 true WO2000049673A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
Family
ID=7898309
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2000/000462 WO2000049673A1 (en) | 1999-02-20 | 2000-02-15 | Source of current with series connected cells |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1155469A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002540555A (en) |
AU (1) | AU3146400A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2398727A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19907369C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000049673A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002045197A2 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Direct-current power supply device comprising a number of series-connected fuel cell blocks |
EP1376730A1 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2004-01-02 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Solid-oxide fuel cell assembly having optimal numbers of cells |
USRE39556E1 (en) | 1997-11-20 | 2007-04-10 | Relion, Inc. | Fuel cell and method for controlling same |
US7235315B2 (en) | 2003-12-16 | 2007-06-26 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell stack having a plurality of integrated voltage reversal protection diodes |
US8785012B2 (en) | 2011-06-09 | 2014-07-22 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell bypass diode structures and attachment methods |
US9059434B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 | 2015-06-16 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Structure and method for SOFC operation with failed cell diode bypass |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6835481B2 (en) | 2000-03-29 | 2004-12-28 | Idatech, Llc | Fuel cell system with load management |
DE50102290D1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2004-06-17 | Siemens Ag | METHOD FOR OPERATING A FUEL CELL AND FUEL CELL ARRANGEMENT |
DE10215913C1 (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-02 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Fuel cell system for automobile propulsion drive has defective fuel cell unit decoupled with blocking of medium flows through decoupled fuel cell unit |
US6913845B2 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2005-07-05 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Reducing fuel cell cathode potential during startup and shutdown |
DE10328255A1 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2005-01-13 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Fuel cell with short-circuiting means |
FR2871944B1 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2006-07-28 | Air Liquide | SYSTEM FOR MONITORING A SET OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND DEVICE FOR REALIZING THE SAME |
JP5169002B2 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2013-03-27 | ソニー株式会社 | Battery system and manufacturing method thereof |
EP2110921B1 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2013-06-19 | Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. | Battery management system for a cordless tool |
US20100183929A1 (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2010-07-22 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Solid oxide fuel cell system including a water based fuel reformer |
US8409760B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 | 2013-04-02 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Method for controlling a water based fuel reformer |
US8936888B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2015-01-20 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Fuel cell system with flame protection member |
JP2010186574A (en) * | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-26 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Flat plate type solid oxide type fuel cell |
JP5280253B2 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2013-09-04 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel cell |
US8796888B2 (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2014-08-05 | Adaptive Materials, Inc. | Wearable power management system |
DE102014203159A1 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-27 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Fuel cell system in a bipolar high-voltage network and method for operating a bipolar high-voltage network |
WO2015179318A1 (en) | 2014-05-18 | 2015-11-26 | Black & Decker Inc. | Power tool system |
US9893384B2 (en) | 2014-05-18 | 2018-02-13 | Black & Decker Inc. | Transport system for convertible battery pack |
EP3560062A4 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2020-06-24 | Black & Decker Inc. | Cordless power tool system |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2543367A1 (en) * | 1983-03-23 | 1984-09-28 | Gipelec | Battery of cells with end-of-life signal, formed of elements connected in series |
DE4139425A1 (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-03 | Saft Akkumulatoren Und Batteri | Battery with multiple of voltage contg. individual cells arranged in housing - has lithium@ batteries as individual cells, which are arranged essentially at right angles to longitudinal axis of battery housing |
EP0664571A1 (en) * | 1994-01-20 | 1995-07-26 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | A fuel cell generation apparatus and a method for starting the same |
EP0893869A2 (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-01-27 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Circuit for causing a voltage step in a multi-cell battery |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4410711C1 (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-09-07 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Metallic bipolar plate for HT fuel cells and method of manufacturing the same |
DE4430958C1 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1995-10-19 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Solid electrolyte high temperature fuel cell and fuel cell assembly |
DE19531852C1 (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1996-12-19 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Fuel cell with drainage system for water or steam |
-
1999
- 1999-02-20 DE DE19907369A patent/DE19907369C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-02-15 CA CA002398727A patent/CA2398727A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-15 AU AU31464/00A patent/AU3146400A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-15 JP JP2000600319A patent/JP2002540555A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-15 WO PCT/DE2000/000462 patent/WO2000049673A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-15 EP EP00909036A patent/EP1155469A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2543367A1 (en) * | 1983-03-23 | 1984-09-28 | Gipelec | Battery of cells with end-of-life signal, formed of elements connected in series |
DE4139425A1 (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-03 | Saft Akkumulatoren Und Batteri | Battery with multiple of voltage contg. individual cells arranged in housing - has lithium@ batteries as individual cells, which are arranged essentially at right angles to longitudinal axis of battery housing |
EP0664571A1 (en) * | 1994-01-20 | 1995-07-26 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | A fuel cell generation apparatus and a method for starting the same |
EP0893869A2 (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-01-27 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Circuit for causing a voltage step in a multi-cell battery |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USRE39556E1 (en) | 1997-11-20 | 2007-04-10 | Relion, Inc. | Fuel cell and method for controlling same |
WO2002045197A2 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Direct-current power supply device comprising a number of series-connected fuel cell blocks |
WO2002045197A3 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2003-01-23 | Siemens Ag | Direct-current power supply device comprising a number of series-connected fuel cell blocks |
EP1376730A1 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2004-01-02 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Solid-oxide fuel cell assembly having optimal numbers of cells |
US7235315B2 (en) | 2003-12-16 | 2007-06-26 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell stack having a plurality of integrated voltage reversal protection diodes |
US9059434B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 | 2015-06-16 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Structure and method for SOFC operation with failed cell diode bypass |
US8785012B2 (en) | 2011-06-09 | 2014-07-22 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell bypass diode structures and attachment methods |
US8802250B2 (en) | 2011-06-09 | 2014-08-12 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell bypass diode structures and attachment methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3146400A (en) | 2000-09-04 |
EP1155469A1 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
JP2002540555A (en) | 2002-11-26 |
DE19907369C2 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
DE19907369A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
CA2398727A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
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