WO2000048303A1 - Systeme alternateur a transformateurs et convertisseurs c.a./c.c. - Google Patents

Systeme alternateur a transformateurs et convertisseurs c.a./c.c. Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000048303A1
WO2000048303A1 PCT/US2000/003323 US0003323W WO0048303A1 WO 2000048303 A1 WO2000048303 A1 WO 2000048303A1 US 0003323 W US0003323 W US 0003323W WO 0048303 A1 WO0048303 A1 WO 0048303A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alternator
output
winding
power
voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/003323
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Billy D. Chambers
Jefferson H. Taylor
Original Assignee
Chambers Billy D
Taylor Jefferson H
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chambers Billy D, Taylor Jefferson H filed Critical Chambers Billy D
Priority to AU29872/00A priority Critical patent/AU2987200A/en
Publication of WO2000048303A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000048303A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P13/00—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P13/06—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1438—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle in combination with power supplies for loads other than batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/30—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for aircraft
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/45—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for motor vehicles, e.g. car alternators

Definitions

  • This invention is related generally to AC-to-DC converters, and in particular to an engine driven alternator including high voltage armature windings for efficiently transferring AC power over relatively small diameter conductors to a remotely located step-down transformer and rectifier which supplies relatively low voltage, high current power to a load which is located at a relatively great distance from the alternator.
  • low voltage, high current alternators are located on the propulsion engine of a vehicle (automobile, truck, boat, emergency vehicle, aircraft) .
  • the battery, or batteries are located in close proximity to the alternator, and leads connecting the alternator to the battery are short.
  • the problem becomes rather daunting because of the size of the wiring conductors required to avoid excessive voltage drop and power loss.
  • a high voltage three-phase alternator is combined with a three-phase step-down transformer, a full wave bridge rectifier and a field regulator circuit to regulate the output of the rectifier by varying the field current in the alternator to provide the desired output from the alternator.
  • the high voltage alternator is driven from the torque output shaft of an internal combustion engine or from some other power take-off of an internal combustion engine or other rotating prime mover.
  • the prime mover can be operated at a fixed or variable speed over a typical range of between 400 and 6000 revolutions per minute (RPM) .
  • the useful output voltage of the alternator is developed by a three-phase wye or delta connected secondary winding to produce useful line to line voltages of 50 to 500 Volts AC.
  • the frequency of the three-phase voltage is determined by the number of poles in the alternator and the rotational speed of the alternator shaft.
  • the RPM of the alternator shaft is determined by the prime mover RPM and the coupling ratio between the prime mover and the alternator shaft .
  • the alternator output voltage is coupled into three-phase transformer windings specifically designed to transform the high voltage from the alternator into a high current secondary winding.
  • the output of this secondary winding is rectified and regulated to provide a DC voltage for charging batteries, running power inverters, or supplying precision DC voltage to other loads.
  • the transformer secondary winding is wound to provide a number of different low charging voltages, for example 6 volt, 12 volt, 24 volt, 36 volt, 48 volt or any other configured battery or DC loads .
  • the primary-to-secondary ratio of the transformer is adjustable to provide different power outputs at various shaft RPM. For example, adding turns to the primary allows the alternator to regulate at higher voltages providing a higher output power at a given RPM. However, this change will decrease the maximum power output at a lower RPM. Precision regulation of the rectified DC voltage is accomplished by adjusting the current in the field regulator to control the output voltage of the alternator and consequently the primary voltage of the step-down transformer. Because of the high output voltage of the alternator, a relatively large amount of power can be transferred to the primary of the transformer with relatively small diameter conductors. When this high voltage is transformed to the low voltage secondary and rectified, the result is an unusually efficient transfer of power to produce a low voltage, high current output from small alternator driven by a variable or fixed speed prime mover.
  • the primary winding of the transformer is wound with taps brought out at various points on each of the three primary winding to take further advantage of the high voltage efficiency of the alternator-transformer combination described above.
  • the taps on the transformer are used to effectively change the power vs. RPM performance without physically changing the transformer for different load requirements.
  • the winding taps are changed manually with a power tap switch, or electro- mechanically with relays, or electronically with power semiconductor switches .
  • the tap switching is performed dynamically by sensing the alternator RPM and switching the taps to change the transformer ratio to provide the maximum power from the system at different RPM values.
  • Another advantage of dynamically changing the turns ratio is to allow full utilization of the maximum available horsepower from a given prime mover-to-alternator coupling.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram showing an alternator system utilizing a tapped primary transformer and three phase switch as used with normal vehicle loads and with additional high current loads;
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram showing an alternator system as used with normal vehicle loads and with additional high current loads;
  • FIGURE 3 is a speed vs . power curve showing the performance of an alternator with three different stator turns per slot of stator windings
  • FIGURE 4 is a speed vs . power curve showing the performance of an alternator with three different primary turns on a transformer
  • FIGURE 5 is a no-load voltage vs. speed curve for an alternator with various values of field current.
  • Ml is a prime
  • stator windings 13, 14, and 15 which are connected in a
  • Phase B Phase B, and Phase C as shown in FIGURE 2, or through tap
  • Transformer Tl is a three-phase, step-down transformer with
  • the three output phases are connected to a three-phase full wave rectifier D2.
  • the resulting DC voltage is connected to both a high current load 70 and a DC storage battery Bl .
  • Dl is also connected to lines 16, 17, and 18 of the
  • Rectifier Dl has a DC voltage output for the
  • rectifier 68 at lines 75 and 76.
  • the control circuit 90 senses multiple inputs
  • control circuit 90 senses alternator RPM to determine the
  • FIGURE 2 is another embodiment
  • prime mover Ml can be
  • a diesel, gasoline, or natural gas internal combustion engine primarily used for propelling sailboats, powerboats, trucks, cars and the like. These engines typically deliver brake horsepower to an output shaft of from about ten horsepower to several hundred horsepower.
  • prime mover could be dedicated primarily to drive the shaft of the alternator Al, and if
  • the alternator Al is
  • a conventional alternator is disassembled, the 12 volt stator winding removed and replaced with high voltage stator windings, the rectifiers removed, and the alternator is reassembled with provisions made to accommodate the higher output voltage.
  • a combination of Tempel Steel part 3372 2266 and 3373 1866 and the pole pieces for the rotor are constructed with Peer International part 1B3305.
  • the laminations are assembled and wound with 20 turns per slot of 14.5 AWG magnet wire and the pole pieces are properly assembled on a shaft with a rotor coil that is wound with multiple turns of 26 AWG magnet wire to act as the field coil.
  • the alternator has six poles and therefore the frequency of the AC waveform generated as the pole pieces are rotated inside the stator winding is one-tenth of the shaft RPM.
  • the 20-turn stator is terminated in a three phase wye configuration and when the pole pieces are rotated inside the stator, a small field current at a high voltage can be used to control the output voltage of the three-phase stator.
  • the output voltage of the stator will be directly proportional to the rational speed of the pole pieces of the rotor. Additionally, at a given speed, without saturation, the output stator voltage increases substantially linearly with an increase in field current .
  • transformer Tl is a three-phase transformer that has a wye-connected high voltage primary and a delta-connected low voltage high current secondary.
  • the design and construction of the transformer Tl is matched with the alternator windings,
  • the voltage generated by the alternator Al is proportional to
  • the design of the transformer should accommodate the lowest voltage at the lowest frequency and the highest voltage at the highest frequency, so that the transformer size and weight can be minimized.
  • the primary turns of the transformer are adjusted with a given number of stator turns to follow different waveforms of output current and rotational speed similar to those in FIGURE 3.
  • This feature of adjusting either the stator turns or the primary turns on a transformer to achieve different power performance curves extends the adaptability of an engine driven alternator. Therefore, if provisions are made to "jump" from one tap to another on the primary of the transformer as rotational speed increases or decreases, the performance of the entire system is adapted dynamically based on speed and loads.
  • the three-phase input switches SI, S2 and S3 are ganged power tap switches, or sets of three-phase relays, or electronic switches connecting the output lines 16, 17, and 18 of the
  • Tl lines 45, 49, and 53 are alternatively to Tl lines 45, 49, and 53 respectively.
  • ganged power tap switch may be used to manually change the performance curve.
  • the relays and electronic switches, along with control circuitry 90 and switch drivers 73, may be used to manually change the performance curve.
  • Phase A output is from lines 59 and 60
  • Phase B output is from lines 61 and 62
  • Phase C output is from lines 63 and 64.
  • the rectifier D2 is a
  • the output of the rectifier D2 on conductor lines 75 and 91 is a DC voltage with a ripple that is six times the output frequency of the alternator Al .
  • This ripple can be smoothed further with capacitors, not shown, or used as is for charging batteries or supplying other DC loads .
  • the battery 69 can be a Starting, Lighting, or
  • SLI Tin Ignition
  • a house storage battery used to run inverters. If the battery 69 is rated for SLI service then
  • the high current load 70 could be complemented by a large
  • Lines 76 and 77 are sensed at the battery or at the high
  • control circuit 90 to the desired voltage provided by a control circuit 90.
  • Rectifier D2 (component 85) is a three-phase
  • rectifier for providing high voltage on lines 86 and 87 for
  • Typical mobile applications include recreational vehicles, emergency vehicles such as rescue trucks, ambulances and fire trucks, service repair trucks and small marine vessels such as power boats and sailing boats.
  • a prime mover for example a diesel engine drives a DC generator for supplying DC electrical service to low voltage loads such as communications equipment and running lights.
  • the prime mover also drives a variable mechanical load, with the principal mechanical load being the propeller, and including auxiliary mechanical loads such as pumps and the like.
  • An example of a small marine vessel of the foregoing type is an intermediate class sailboat or power boat which is equipped with a small diesel engine, a DC generator and a DC storage battery.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un alternateur triphasé haute tension qui est combiné à un transformateur triphasé (T1), abaisseur de tension, à un redresseur pleine onde (D2) et à un circuit régulateur de tension (72) qui régule la sortie du redresseur en faisant varier le courant inducteur dans l'alternateur de manière à délivrer la tension souhaitée en sortie de l'alternateur. Il est possible de régler le rapport primaire/secondaire du transformateur (T1) de manière à obtenir différentes puissances de sortie pour différentes vitesses de rotation de l'arbre du moteur primaire. On obtient un réglage précis de la tension C.C. rectifiée en ajustant le courant dans le régulateur de tension (72) de manière à commander la tension de sortie de l'alternateur et par conséquent la tension primaire du transformateur (T1) abaisseur de tension. Du fait de la tension de sortie relativement élevée de l'alternateur, il est possible de transmettre efficacement une puissance relativement importante vers l'entrée primaire du transformateur avec des inducteurs de diamètres relativement faibles. Ceci permet un transfert hautement efficace de puissance permettant la production d'une sortie à courant élevé et basse tension à partir d'un petit alternateur commandé par un moteur primaire à vitesse fixe ou variable (M1), à destination d'une charge (70) qui est située à une distance relativement importante de l'alternateur.
PCT/US2000/003323 1999-02-10 2000-02-09 Systeme alternateur a transformateurs et convertisseurs c.a./c.c. WO2000048303A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU29872/00A AU2987200A (en) 1999-02-10 2000-02-09 Alternator system with transformers and ac-dc converters

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11956199P 1999-02-10 1999-02-10
US60/119,561 1999-02-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000048303A1 true WO2000048303A1 (fr) 2000-08-17

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/US2000/003323 WO2000048303A1 (fr) 1999-02-10 2000-02-09 Systeme alternateur a transformateurs et convertisseurs c.a./c.c.

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2987200A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000048303A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11512885B2 (en) 2016-10-05 2022-11-29 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Variable speed drive with secondary windings

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3932765A (en) * 1974-05-01 1976-01-13 General Motors Corporation Polyphase rectifier system for providing two output current-voltage ranges
US4419618A (en) * 1980-11-03 1983-12-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh On-board vehicular network method for efficient generator utilization
US5483146A (en) * 1992-10-14 1996-01-09 Ford Motor Company Control system for a vehicle electrical system
US5821737A (en) * 1995-02-20 1998-10-13 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Independent high-voltage power supply for an internal-combustion engine, including an onboard d.c. source for use at low engine rpm's
US5998975A (en) * 1996-10-14 1999-12-07 Sony Corporation Electric power supplying apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3932765A (en) * 1974-05-01 1976-01-13 General Motors Corporation Polyphase rectifier system for providing two output current-voltage ranges
US4419618A (en) * 1980-11-03 1983-12-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh On-board vehicular network method for efficient generator utilization
US5483146A (en) * 1992-10-14 1996-01-09 Ford Motor Company Control system for a vehicle electrical system
US5821737A (en) * 1995-02-20 1998-10-13 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Independent high-voltage power supply for an internal-combustion engine, including an onboard d.c. source for use at low engine rpm's
US5998975A (en) * 1996-10-14 1999-12-07 Sony Corporation Electric power supplying apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11512885B2 (en) 2016-10-05 2022-11-29 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Variable speed drive with secondary windings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2987200A (en) 2000-08-29

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