WO2000048288A1 - Electrical distribution system automation - Google Patents
Electrical distribution system automation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000048288A1 WO2000048288A1 PCT/AU2000/000074 AU0000074W WO0048288A1 WO 2000048288 A1 WO2000048288 A1 WO 2000048288A1 AU 0000074 W AU0000074 W AU 0000074W WO 0048288 A1 WO0048288 A1 WO 0048288A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- network
- control apparatus
- control
- group
- switches
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00028—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/30—State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
Definitions
- This invention relates to distribution networks for electric power systems.
- the invention particularly relates to control arrangements and methods for network devices, such as switches, transformers and capacitors, involved in medium voltage network operations which aim to provide secure supply of electricity to consumers.
- control arrangement can include control units at selected network devices which operate in response to predetermined network conditions. Sectionalising switches which open after a pre ⁇ determined number of passages of fault current are example of this arrangement, as are automatically reclosing circuit breakers ("reclosers") which operate in accordance with protection settings having selected time- current characteristics. For network devices having control units which are independently maintained, the protection settings on these must be carefully individually co-ordinated and can generally only cope with a limited number of network faults or abnormal conditions.
- the invention resides in a method for controlling at least a portion of an electricity distribution network including conductors and a plurality of network devices cooperating with the conductors to facilitate distribution of electricity, wherein control apparatus are co-located with selected network devices and communications apparatus are associated with each control apparatus to provide a communications link therebetween, said method including the steps of. (a) monitoring of distribution network state by the control apparatus co-located with the selected network devices; and
- the step of monitoring distribution network state includes monitoring status of the network devices associated with the control apparatus.
- monitoring the status of network devices includes monitoring voltage, current and other electrical parameters proximate to said network device.
- control method involves the further step of the control devices communicating the status of respective network devices to each other over the communications link.
- coordinating control of the network devices is assumed by the control apparatus that detects the abnormal condition proximate to an associated network device.
- the control apparatus may include network switching sequences programmed by a user to implement the automation scheme adapted to the distribution network configuration.
- control arrangement for an electricity distribution network including conductors and a plurality of network devices cooperating with the conductors to facilitate distribution of electricity, which control arrangement includes:
- control apparatus co-located with selected network devices for controlling the operation of each network device in accordance with a predetermined automation scheme
- control apparatus are each arranged to detect an abnormal condition in the distribution network proximate to the network device associated with an individual control apparatus.
- the individual control apparatus which detects the abnormal network condition temporarily assumes coordination by issuing commands to other network devices.
- the control arrangement is temporarily coordinated by any one control apparatus in the event of an abnormal condition in the network.
- the control apparatus may be further arranged for loading with user programmable switching sequences that implement the predetermined automation scheme adapted to the distribution network configuration.
- the invention resides in a method for controlling switchgear in at least a portion of an electricity distribution network, which network portion includes a group of switches, sources of supply and interconnections between the sources of supply and the switches, wherein at least two of said switches include control apparatus co-located therewith and the respective control apparatus can communicate, the method including the steps of:
- control apparatus checks whether the network state matches one of a plurality of abnormal operating patterns expected in the group of switches;
- control apparatus communicates with respective control apparatus for other switches in the group to execute a predetermined switching sequence prepared for addressing the abnormal operating condition corresponding to said matching pattern.
- the abnormal condition in step (b) is loss of supply at a predefined place in the network portion and the control apparatus for the switch assumes control after a predetermined time delay.
- the control apparatus preferably assumes control of the group of switches when the network state matches an abnormal operating pattern. If required the control apparatus assumes control after a predetermined time delay.
- the step of checking network state includes one or more of the steps of: (A) checking that all control apparatus are programmed with an equivalent automation scheme; and/or
- the expected abnormal operating patterns may include one or more of the following patterns in the group of switches:
- the method can include the following steps subsequent to step (b):
- control apparatus of said switch checks whether the network state matches one of a plurality of patterns expected in the group of switches;
- control apparatus communicates with respective control apparatus for other switches in the group to execute a predetermined switching sequence prepared for recovering from the abnormal operating condition and releases control of the group of switches.
- step (c) is the restoration of supply to a switch for a pre-determined time delay.
- the invention resides in a method for controlling switchgear in at least a portion of an electricity distribution network, which network portion includes a group of switches, sources of supply and interconnections between the sources of supply and the switches, wherein the switches are associated with a control apparatus, the method including the steps of:
- control apparatus checks whether the network state matches one of a plurality of abnormal operating patterns expected in the group of switches;
- step (ii) if the network state matches an expected abnormal operating pattern, then said control apparatus assumes control of the group of switches and communicates with the group to execute a predetermined switching sequence prepared for addressing the abnormal operating condition corresponding to said matching pattern.
- the abnormal condition in step (b) is loss of supply at a predefined place in the network portion.
- the control apparatus for the switches preferably assumes control after a predetermined time delay.
- the expected abnormal operating patterns may include one or more of the following patterns in the group of switches:
- the method can further include the following steps subsequent to step (b):
- control apparatus for the switches checks whether the network state matches one of a plurality of patterns expected in the group of switches
- step (B) if the network state does match an expected pattern, then said control apparatus communicates with the switches in the group to execute a predetermined switching sequence prepared for recovering from the abnormal operating condition.
- the normal condition in step (c) is the restoration of supply to the switch for a pre-determined time delay.
- a control apparatus is co-located each switch in the group and a predetermined control apparatus always assumes control by issuing commands over a communications link to the control apparatus co-located with other switches.
- the predetermined control apparatus includes a gateway to an external communications network for providing status information to external supervisory control and data acquisition systems.
- a slave control apparatus is co-located with each switch in the group and a master control apparatus, located remotely from said group of switches, always assumes control by issuing commands over a communications link to the slave control apparatus.
- control apparatus for controlling a network device which cooperates with conductors in an electricity distribution network, said control apparatus including:
- memory means accessible by the processor for storing a common control program and operating parameters for the network device;
- a communications apparatus interfaced to the processor for providing a communications link with other control apparatus associated with network devices in a portion of the electricity distribution network; (f) wherein the control program effects operation of the network device and facilitates communications with the other control apparatus in accordance with a predetermined automation scheme.
- the memory includes a database for storing a plurality of expected abnormal operating patterns which occur during abnormal network conditions.
- the network devices include switches.
- the memory includes a database for storing a plurality of switching sequences for operating the network devices to address respective abnormal network conditions.
- the invention resides in a method for configuration of control apparatus co-located with a network device, which network device is one of a group of network devices in an electricity distribution network, said method including the steps of:
- control apparatus (e) loading said reconfiguration sequences into the control apparatus for said one network device.
- the control apparatus is co-located with respective network devices.
- control apparatus is located remotely from said group of network devices.
- the group of network devices suitably includes switches.
- at least one of the switches in the group includes source voltage sensing.
- At least one of the switches in the group includes through-fault current detection facilities.
- the representation of the distribution network is a diagram which graphically illustrates the group of switches, the sources of supply and the interconnections therebetween.
- each switch includes whether the switch is normally open or normally closed, along with the maximum load current able to be carried by the network proximate to the switch.
- the abnormal conditions are detectable proximate said one network device.
- the plurality of abnormal operating patterns are defined by selecting the position of an abnormal event on the representation and simulating the response of the group of network devices to the event in order to generate an abnormal operating pattern.
- the switching sequences are suitably defined by selecting the network devices on the representation in the desired sequence for a respective abnormal operating pattern.
- a set of suggested steps for addressing a particular abnormal operating pattern is automatically generated to assist definition of a switching sequence.
- the representation created by the user may be analysed in order to automatically produce further abnormal operating patterns to a user.
- an automated tool for configuration of control apparatus associated with a network device which device is one of a group of devices in an electricity distribution network; said tool including:
- a graphical user interface for creating a representation of at least a portion of the distribution network including the group of network devices and identifying at least one normal operating pattern;
- a database coupled to the user interface for storing the representation of the network portion, characteristics of each network device in the group and said at least one normal operating pattern;
- a protection and load flow engine coupled to the database for (i) simulating the operation of the group of network devices based on the operational parameters of each device and their interconnections to user specified abnormal events; and (ii) solves the load flow for the representation of the network whereby
- the automated tool facilitates definition of a switching sequence for the group of network devices for limiting the adverse effects of each abnormal operating pattern.
- FIG. 1 is a line diagram of a portion of an electricity distribution network
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged diagram of the network portion of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a network device including control apparatus of a first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 shows the user interface for an automation scheme configuration tool
- FIG. 5 shows a network diagram of the network portion of FIGS 1 and 2;
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a software tool for configuring switching sequences for the control apparatus of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a method of configuring switching sequences for the automation scheme used in relation to the first embodiment.
- FIG 1 there is shown a line diagram of portion 10 of a distribution network including a substation bus-bar 11 fed from a source 12 of electrical power.
- Two supply lines 13 and 14 are connected to the bus-bar 11 by respective substation circuit breakers 15 and 16.
- connection points 17 There are several connection points 17 on each supply line to which loads are connected.
- Network devices which in the present example are reclosing switches are disposed between the connection points.
- Two reclosing switches 18 and 19 are on supply line 13, whilst two reclosing switches are on supply line 14.
- a load break switch 22 bridges supply lines 13 and 14.
- control of the network devices in the portion of the network bounded by the broken line 23 is of particular interest.
- the manner in which the loads 24 happen to be connected outside of network portion 23 is not of particular interest.
- Each of the reclosers includes a set of contacts 25 and a close/trip actuator 26, along with control apparatus 27 co-located with the recloser.
- the control apparatus 27 is interfaced to a detection module 28 and a communications apparatus 29, which provides a radio communications link between the respective control apparatus for the reclosers and also the controller/actuator 30 for the load break switch 22.
- the communications apparatus may employ the Harris DNP-3.0 protocol or the IEC 870-5-101 protocol as required.
- the detection module preferably includes a current transformer and a capacitive voltage transformer, which may be either external or internal to the switchgear. It will be appreciated that the communications link may alternatively be implemented using optical fibre, land line or other communications technologies known to persons skilled in communications systems. This arrangement might also include a secure virtual private network utilising the Internet or similar global telecommunications network.
- the control apparatus 27 includes a memory module for storing a program for implementing an automation scheme which includes a number of network checking and switching sequences configured by a user, typically a utility engineer, to respond to various abnormal or fault conditions that may adversely effect the network.
- the control method effected by the program executes the sequences in a regular fashion, with the outcomes being determined by the user configured parameters. Each sequence addresses a predetermined abnormal condition in the network portion.
- the load break switch 22 does not include a control apparatus 27 as do the reclosers and accordingly is termed a passive device, whereas the network devices with control apparatus are termed active.
- the controller/actuator 30 for the load break switch maintains a limited set of status information, including and may be operated in response to commands received over the communications link from any of the control apparatus 27.
- the control apparatus may temporarily assume control of the other network devices in the network portion in order to reconfigure the network.
- Commands, specified in the switching sequence are issued over the communications link to the respective control means for switching or otherwise adjusting network devices to isolate the fault.
- further commands may be issued in order to switch the network back to its normal condition upon restoration of supply.
- the control apparatus 27 for recloser 18 first confirms that the network portion is not already in an reconfigured state (in which case another network device may have already control). If not, the control apparatus causes the network portion to enter the reconfigured state (A) after a user set time delay (DS) and temporarily assumes control of the other network devices 19, 20, 21 and 22 in the portion 23 of interest.
- A reconfigured state
- DS user set time delay
- a normal expected operating pattern for the network portion has been previously configured by the user as follows: (a) all reclosers (18, 19, 20 and 21 ) - normally closed with supply present; and (b) load break switch (22) - normally open.
- the control apparatus 27 for recloser 18 interrogates the status of the remaining network devices to discover that the present reconfigured state is: (a) reclosers 18 and 19 closed, but with no supply; (b) reclosers 20 and 21 closed with supply present; and (c) load break switch open.
- Each of the respective control apparatus monitors the status of its associated network device for this purpose.
- the present reconfigured state corresponds to an expected reconfigured state for which a network checking and switching sequence has been configured by the user.
- the relevant switching sequence is then initiated by the control apparatus for recloser 18, as follows: (i) open recloser 18; and (ii) close load break switch 22. It will be appreciated that this sequence isolates the faulted section adjacent the fault 31 on line 13, whilst supplying the remaining loads.
- the status of each network device may include the load carried in order to facilitate load checking calculations by the control apparatus 27.
- the control apparatus 27 at recloser 18 could also have adjusted the protection settings on reclosers 20 and 21 to prevent undesired tripping due to higher currents drawn through line 14 during abnormal operation with a heavier load.
- the control apparatus 27 for recloser 18 continues to monitor the state of the network portion. Should the detection module 28 sense that supply is restored to recloser 18 for a user set time delay (DR), the control apparatus checks the status of the other reclosers to ensure that it is appropriate to revert the network portion to its normal condition (A). In accordance with the user configured switching sequence, the control apparatus 27 for recloser 18 initiates (i) opening of load break switch 22 and (ii) closing of recloser 18. The coordinating control apparatus then releases control of the network devices.
- DR user set time delay
- a user identifies a group of network devices in a particular portion of the distribution system. Some of these devices are deemed passive, in that they are to supply status information and respond to operating commands, whilst the remainder are deemed active, in that they further include control apparatus which may temporarily assume coordinating control of the other network devices in the group. Suitably all devices participating in the automation scheme are associated with a communications apparatus to facilitate interrogation of status information and receipt of commands from a control apparatus at a remote location.
- the active network devices are switches, including reclosers, sectionalisers and load break switches, which include source voltage sensing and through fault detection, such as provided by the voltage transformer 28v and the current transformer 28c portions of the detection module 28 depicted in FIG. 3.
- Each control apparatus 27 for the active network devices includes a common control program 33 stored in a first memory portion 34 which is executed by a processor 35.
- the parameters 36 for the common control program are different for each network device and may be configured by the user.
- the parameters, stored in a second memory portion 37 include the checking and switching sequences which may be initiated by the control apparatus 27 co-located with a network device - in the present diagram recloser 18.
- Execution of the common control program using the parameters implements user configured switching sequences for isolating a faulted section of the network portion.
- the switching sequences included in the automation scheme operates on the underlying assumption that the control apparatus closest to the faulted section will temporarily assume coordinating control of all network devices in the group.
- the control apparatus 27 for each network device maintains status information about its respective device, which might be conveniently stored in a database 38 in the second memory portion 37, for access by processor 35.
- a preferred set of status data is set out below, with symbolic abbreviations for respective control program parameters.
- Each participating network device and co-located control apparatus should be capable of performing the appropriate operations in response to the following commands, as set out in Table 2 below:
- control apparatus which has assumed coordinating control issues commands to all network devices in the group via the communications link (or locally for the co-located network device) to initiate the desired operations.
- commands such as MOVE UP TAP and MOVE DOWN TAP could be added as required.
- the control program executes on the basis of parameters which may be configured for each individual network device by the user. User configured expected fault patterns are checked and a corresponding switching sequence initiated via the communications link. If the fault pattern is unexpected, the program aborts and the control apparatus releases control of the network devices.
- the relevant user configured parameters for switching sequences in the present embodiment are as follows:
- Scheme Identifier 8 bytes
- SID 8 bytes
- Each automation scheme is uniquely identified by this parameter, allocated by the user. The program will not execute unless all devices have the same scheme loaded.
- CAPD (16 bytes [by device])
- the controlling device Upon restoration of supply for DR seconds the controlling device will begin execution of the algorithm to revert the network back to the Normal State.
- T The required Tripped Status, T, of each participating device [1..N] after the network has been reconfigured and when the controlling device has detected restoration of supply.
- the maximum load this device is capable of supplying.
- a function called AutoSwitchQ is one embodiment of a main routine of the common control program.
- the main routine is split into two major states: the Normal State: A and the Reconfigured State: A.
- the Normal State characterises the "normal" state of the distribution network. When a continuous loss of supply, , is detected at a participating device for the Delay to Start period, DS, the checking process begins.
- the control program executing in the co-located control apparatus calls
- the Reconfigured State flag characterises the reconfigured state of the network after the control program has successfully dealt with an abnormal network condition.
- S for the Delay to Revert period
- DR the function CheckReversionConditions() is called, and if successful the function ExecuteReversionSteps() is called and then finally the A and C flags are set back to FALSE.
- the psuedo-code for the functions described is set out below, beginning with the main routine:
- the Supply State S is monitored
- Steps to Reconfigure are executed by ExecuteReconfigurationSteps();
- the network is now in the Reconfigured State .
- Steps to Revert are executed by ExecuteReversionSteps()
- tracing or event logging is used by the control apparatus for participating devices to provide information to the user about the operation of the control program. It is intended that all devices should support a single, consistent set of logged items to the extent that each device is capable. Events logged will include successful reconfiguration and reversion operations, unsuccessful operations including all reasons for failure, and significant status events such as changes to the E or H status flags.
- a logged event will comprise either three or four pieces of data, a date and time stamp, a logging tag (LT) which indicates the function the event was detected by, an Event Code for the specific event being logged, and optionally some associated data.
- LT logging tag
- the relationship between the detecting function and logging tag is as follows:
- the codes for the events that may be logged by the control apparatus are as follows:
- Event Event Code Logging Tag Associated Description Data (optional)
- the network has EC NORMAL LT AutoSw successfully reverted back to normal after a fault cleared
- a flag of another EC AFLAG LT ChkRecon Device ID device is TRUE
- AutoSwitch which checks that conditions in the network portion are suitable for reconfiguration (eg. upon detection of a fault in the network, the fault pattern is expected and devices have tripped as expected) is as follows:
- CheckReconfigurationConditions provides the following checks which, if failed, set the In Control Flag C back to false and control is released:
- Each of the control apparatus may request device status data, as summarised in Table 1 above, or transmit status data in response and also transmit device commands, see Table 2, or receive commands when in service. From time to time, each device may also receive new or updated automation scheme, identified by scheme identifier SID, over the communications link for loading into memory.
- scheme identifier SID scheme identifier
- device status data is shared between devices using a packetised communications protocol, wherein two packet types: Device Status Request and the Device Status Response.
- the Device Status Request causes the receiving device to transmit a Device Status Response to the requesting device.
- Each device must also be able to process unsolicited Device Status Response packets.
- the receiving device Whenever an unsolicited Device Status Response is received, the receiving device will update a Device Status Table entry for the transmitting device.
- the Device Status Table is part of the database 38 held in the control apparatus 27 of the receiving device.
- a network device assumes or releases control, it will transmit an unsolicited Device Status Response to each other device.
- a device commences operation (boots) it will transmit an unsolicited Device Status Response to each other device.
- an unsolicited Device Status Response will be sent to the current controlling device.
- control method and apparatus of the invention have been described in relation to a first embodiment wherein the control apparatus and automation scheme are suited to an arrangement of distributed control apparatus that are co-located with network switching devices, other arrangements are feasible.
- a selected control apparatus could always assume control of switches in a particular portion of the distribution network. This would overcome the issue of determining which of the distributed controllers should assume control upon an abnormal condition arising in the network.
- the selected control apparatus could also include a gateway to an external communications network for providing status information to external supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems.
- SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition
- a slave control apparatus could be co-located with each switch in the group and a master control apparatus, located at a station remote from the group of switches in the network portion.
- the master control station always assumes control by issuing commands directly over a communications link to the slave control apparatus.
- the slave control apparatus could be minimally functional, with all control processes executing on a computer system in a secure environment at the master station. This arrangement would need to take account of any communications delays introduced by a more complex communications link.
- the second aspect is a automation scheme configuration tool, that is preferably a software application which can run on a personal computer to create, edit and validate switching sequences to be implemented in network devices arranged in a group for coordinated control.
- a preferred network device is a switching device with co-located control apparatus and communications apparatus.
- the configuration tool suitably provides an interactive graphical user interface through which the user represents the network portion of interest by a network diagram, such as illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the network diagram defines, in a simplified form, the network connections between the group of switches and their normal and - if appropriate - alternate sources of supply.
- the configuration tool preferably provides a graphical user interface 40, suitably in a windowed environment such as facilitated by application programs using the Microsoft WindowsTM operating system, for creating network diagrams.
- Distribution network components are placed on the diagram by users "dragging and dropping” them from a network component toolbar bar 41 provided by the user interface.
- Connections (lines, cables, etc.) are drawn between components by dragging a line between them after making a selection of the appropriate switch or connection type from the tool-bar.
- Directional arrow-buttons 42 on the toolbar enable rapid extensions to be made to a network diagram 43 consisting of switches or connections and other network components from the presently selected part of the network in the direction indicated by the arrow button.
- the network can be re-arranged by "dragging" components to new positions using a pointing device without breaking existing connections to other network components.
- the available network components typically include reclosers 44, load break switches 45, circuit breakers 46, sources of supply 47, substation bus-bars 48 and connection nodes 49. Sectionalisers and actuator-driven switches are also available to the user. Connections between network components are kept as simple as possible by reducing them to their simplest schematic equivalent. For example, a connection consisting of many kilometres of aerial line, with any number of radial spur lines connected, may be represented as a simple connecting line 49a, or even be reduced to a point by representing a cable as a simple connection node.
- any number of normal operating states of the network 72 including the open and closed states of each one of the group of switches; and (ii) any number of abnormal events, including faults 73 at different locations, in the network for each normal operating state;
- a switching sequence 74 for each abnormal state (iii) a switching sequence 74 for each abnormal state; and (iv) output a controller configuration 75 to disc or other media for loading into the switch controller.
- the switching sequences are defined by the user to respond to various fault conditions that may affect the network and are aimed at limiting the extent and severity of any outage caused by the fault - and to also define the subsequent sequence of steps to restore the network to its normal status once a set of defined network conditions have been met to initiate the restoration sequence.
- the software tool suitably assists the user by validating parts of the proposed sequences and gives feed-back to the user by clearly indicating the parts of the network that are connected to supply at each stage of the switching.
- the configuration tool can analyse a fault condition in the context of the network topology created by the user and suggest, by a series of directed questions, suitable switching steps that should be considered as a response to the fault condition.
- the questions are suitably structured to reflect those which a protection engineer would normally ask when configuring equipment of this type, thereby facilitating easy and clear configuration which engenders confidence in the user.
- the tool also generates a list of load checks for the user to consider and automatically identifies abnormal network conditions overlooked by the user.
- the user can view a demonstration of the currently defined switching sequence by playing it back, step-by-step, through an on-screen animation of the network diagram on a display screen of the personal computer 60, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the configuration tool can be used to create "data objects" that encapsulate information about the network and the user-defined switching sequences. These "data objects” can then be loaded by communicating to the control apparatus for switches in the group. This provides the common control program with the parameters needed for the network devices to be able to respond to predetermined faults which give rise to abnormal patterns in the network.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram for the configuration toolkit software of a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention.
- the software consists of a database 61 which holds all the information about the network topology, and the devices in the network along with the normal configurations, abnormal events, expected abnormal switching sequences. This data is used in three ways in the toolkit of the embodiment:
- GUI graphical user interface
- a protection and load flow engine 63 which simulates protection operation of the network devices.
- the engine also performs network load flow calculations in response to the current network configuration and so allows energisation and power flow direction to be displayed on the GUI 62.
- controller configurations by way of an output filter 64. These are a sub-set of the data in the database and hold all the runtime data required by the individual controllers.
- the configuartions may be stored on a magnetic disc 65 or other suitable media.
- the controller configurations may be transmitted directly to the control apparatus via a communications link.
- FIG. 5 shows the network diagram 50 corresponding to the portion of the network illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. It should be recalled that the two substation circuit breakers 51 are not part of the group of network devices of interest, which includes reclosers having DevicelDs R001 , R002, R003 and R004, along with load break switch with DevicelD LB005.
- the user configured parameters for each of the devices which can be prepared with the configuration tool, are set out below.
- the DevicelDs are abbreviated 1 to 5, respectively, in the following discussion.
- the parameters are loaded into the memory of the control apparatus co-located with the respective devices.
- Control state shows only R001 is in control.
- a fault condition causes R001 to Trip with the Through Fault Flag set to TRUE, supply is lost to R002 and LB005.
- Function CheckAIIReconfigurations() is called:
- Control state shows only R002 is in control. Through Fault state matches the NEXPF.
- Tripped state matches the NEXPT.
- the distributed control arrangement of the first aspect of the invention is desirably arranged such that unfaulted sections of a feeder in a distribution network may be restored when there is an alternative source of supply beyond the faulted section.
- the control software of the preferred embodiment may be configured to support two to seven network devices in fixed topology network configurations.
- the control arrangement can automatically revert to "normal" operating conditions upon the restoration of supply or clearance of the fault
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU26484/00A AU755717B2 (en) | 1999-02-08 | 2000-02-08 | Electrical distribution system automation |
GB0119609A GB2361592B (en) | 1999-02-08 | 2000-02-08 | Electrical distribution system automation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPP8555 | 1999-02-08 | ||
AUPP8555A AUPP855599A0 (en) | 1999-02-08 | 1999-02-08 | Apparatus and method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2000048288A1 true WO2000048288A1 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
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ID=3812757
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2000/000074 WO2000048288A1 (en) | 1999-02-08 | 2000-02-08 | Electrical distribution system automation |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AUPP855599A0 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2361592B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000048288A1 (en) |
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ES2189668A1 (en) * | 2000-10-23 | 2003-07-01 | Alstom | Device for protection against the effects of faults in a parallel ventilating load in medium voltage networks |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AUPP855599A0 (en) | 1999-03-04 |
GB0119609D0 (en) | 2001-10-03 |
GB2361592A (en) | 2001-10-24 |
GB2361592B (en) | 2003-04-23 |
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