WO2000046904A1 - 3-phase a.c. asynchronous motor for on-road vehicles - Google Patents

3-phase a.c. asynchronous motor for on-road vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000046904A1
WO2000046904A1 PCT/EP2000/000709 EP0000709W WO0046904A1 WO 2000046904 A1 WO2000046904 A1 WO 2000046904A1 EP 0000709 W EP0000709 W EP 0000709W WO 0046904 A1 WO0046904 A1 WO 0046904A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
asynchronous motor
road vehicles
phase
copper
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2000/000709
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Herbert Ott
Original Assignee
Zf Friedrichshafen Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zf Friedrichshafen Ag filed Critical Zf Friedrichshafen Ag
Publication of WO2000046904A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000046904A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
    • H02K17/168—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors having single-cage rotors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-phase asynchronous motor for driving road vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles, with a stator and a rotor which is designed as a short-circuit rotor and which has a large number of copper bars which are inserted into corresponding grooves in the rotor, wherein their ends are connected by short-circuit rings.
  • Electric drives are particularly suitable for commercial vehicles, such as buses, in city operations.
  • the stepless control of the driving speed and the torque in the entire driving range can be done without a switch by means of a low-loss voltage and current control, whereby a smooth acceleration is achieved.
  • the electric motor vehicle drives are also low-noise and emission-free and therefore extremely environmentally friendly.
  • DE U 296 16 977 discloses a vehicle with an electric drive motor, which is designed as an asynchronous motor and has a rotor with rotor plates and a stator with stand plates, the use of an asynchronous motor having advantages in terms of freedom from maintenance and greater thermal resilience.
  • Such motors are usually used in four- or six-pole design, the housing of the drive motor being connected in a stationary manner to the vehicle and the rotor sitting on a shaft, in particular a hollow shaft, which in turn is connected to a drive shaft via a gear, in particular a differential connected to the vehicle.
  • the Antriebsmo ⁇ tor is phase nuber overlapping in this known vehicle wrapped two layers and has a shortened winding step; the rotor plate and the stand plate are each provided with a multiplicity of teardrop-shaped grooves, the thick drop side of the grooves facing the outside of the associated plate.
  • the three-phase asynchronous motors used for driving road vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles, must have high starting torques with small dimensions and at the same time achieve a high maximum speed.
  • the materials commonly used to manufacture these motors, particularly the rotors, are either die-cast aluminum or copper.
  • a die-cast aluminum rotor is inexpensive to manufacture and high
  • the object of the invention is to provide a three-phase asynchronous motor for driving road vehicles. hend to improve that when using copper rods for the squirrel-cage rotor the same high maximum speed and the same stable state of balance is achieved as with rotors made of die-cast aluminum with low power loss.

Abstract

The invention relates to a 3-phase A.C. asynchronous motor for driving on-road vehicles. Said motor is provided with a stator and a rotor which is embodied as a squirrel cage and has numerous copper rods that are inserted into the corresponding grooves of the rotor. The ends of the copper rods are linked by means of cage rings. The copper rods in the rotor are sealed with each other under pressure by means of aluminium.

Description

Drehstrom-Asynchronmotor für Straßenfahrzeuge Three-phase asynchronous motor for road vehicles
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Drehstrom- Asynchronmotor für den Antrieb von Straßenfahrzeugen, insbesondere Nutzfahrzeugen, mit einem Stator und einem Rotor, der als Kurzschlußl ufer ausgebildet ist und der eine Viel¬ zahl von Kupferstäben aufweist, die in entsprechende Nuten des Rotors eingesetzt sind, wobei ihre Enden durch Kurz- schlußringe miteinander verbunden sind.The present invention relates to a three-phase asynchronous motor for driving road vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles, with a stator and a rotor which is designed as a short-circuit rotor and which has a large number of copper bars which are inserted into corresponding grooves in the rotor, wherein their ends are connected by short-circuit rings.
Elektrische Antriebe sind besonders für Nutzfahrzeuge, wie Busse, im Stadtbetrieb sehr geeignet. Die stufenlose Steuerung der Fahrgeschwindigkeit und des Drehmoments im gesamten Fahrbereich kann ohne Schalter durch eine verlustarme Spannungs- und Stromregelung erfolgen, wobei eine ruckfreie Beschleunigung erreicht wird. Die elektrischen Kraftfahrzeugeantriebe sind ferner gerauscharm und abgasfrei und daher äußerst umweltfreundlich.Electric drives are particularly suitable for commercial vehicles, such as buses, in city operations. The stepless control of the driving speed and the torque in the entire driving range can be done without a switch by means of a low-loss voltage and current control, whereby a smooth acceleration is achieved. The electric motor vehicle drives are also low-noise and emission-free and therefore extremely environmentally friendly.
Das DE U 296 16 977 offenbart ein Fahrzeug mit elektrischem Antriebsmotor, der als Asynchronmotor ausgebildet ist und einen Rotor mit Rotorblechen und einen Stator mit Standerblechen aufweist, wobei die Verwendung eines Asyn- chronmotors Vorteile hinsichtlich Wartungsfreiheit und größerer thermischer Belastbarkeit aufweist. Üblicherweise werden solche Motoren in vier- oder sechspoliger Ausführung verwendet, wobei das Gehäuse des Antriebsmotors ortsfest mit dem Fahrzeug verbunden ist und der Rotor auf einer Wel- le, insbesondere einer Hohlwelle sitzt, die ihrerseits über ein Getriebe, insbesondere ein Differential, mit einer Antriebswelle f r das Fahrzeug verbunden ist. Der Antriebsmo¬ tor ist bei diesem bekannten Fahrzeug phasenuberlappend in zwei Schichten gewickelt und weist einen verkürzten Wickelschritt auf; das Rotorblech sowie das Standerblech sind jeweils mit einer Vielzahl von tropfenformigen Nuten versehen, wobei jeweils die dicke Tropfenseite der Nuten der Außenseite des zugehörigen Bleches zugewandt ist.DE U 296 16 977 discloses a vehicle with an electric drive motor, which is designed as an asynchronous motor and has a rotor with rotor plates and a stator with stand plates, the use of an asynchronous motor having advantages in terms of freedom from maintenance and greater thermal resilience. Such motors are usually used in four- or six-pole design, the housing of the drive motor being connected in a stationary manner to the vehicle and the rotor sitting on a shaft, in particular a hollow shaft, which in turn is connected to a drive shaft via a gear, in particular a differential connected to the vehicle. The Antriebsmo ¬ tor is phase nuber overlapping in this known vehicle wrapped two layers and has a shortened winding step; the rotor plate and the stand plate are each provided with a multiplicity of teardrop-shaped grooves, the thick drop side of the grooves facing the outside of the associated plate.
Die für den Antrieb von Straßenfahrzeugen, insbesondere Nutzfahrzeugen verwendeten Drehstrom-Asynchronmotore müssen bei kleinen Abmessungen hohe Anfahrmomente besitzen und gleichzeitig eine hohe maximale Drehzahl erreichen.The three-phase asynchronous motors used for driving road vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles, must have high starting torques with small dimensions and at the same time achieve a high maximum speed.
Die üblicherweise zur Herstellung dieser Motore, insbesondere der Rotoren, verwendeten Materialien sind entweder Aluminium-Druckguß oder Kupfer. Ein Rotor aus Alumini- um-Druckguß ist kostengünstig herzustellen und für hoheThe materials commonly used to manufacture these motors, particularly the rotors, are either die-cast aluminum or copper. A die-cast aluminum rotor is inexpensive to manufacture and high
Drehzahlen gut geeignet. Ein derartiger Rotor weist jedoch eine, im Vergleich zu Kupfer, geringe Leitfähigkeit auf (γ = 36 für Aluminium im Vergleich zu γ = 57 für Kupfer) .Speeds well suited. However, such a rotor has a low conductivity compared to copper (γ = 36 for aluminum compared to γ = 57 for copper).
Es wäre daher gunstig, den Kurzschlußläufer aus Kupfer zu gießen, jedoch scheitert dies an den hohen Schmelztemperaturen des Materials. Daher werden üblicherweise diese Rotoren durch Verwendung einer Vielzahl von Kupferstaben gebaut, an die Kurzschlußringe angelotet werden. Diese Kup- ferstabe werden in entsprechende Nuten im Rotor eingesteckt, wodurch jedoch die maximalen Drehzahlen begrenzt sind und nicht diejenigen von aus Aluminiumdruckguß herge¬ stellten Rotoren erreichen. Außerdem lassen sich die Kup¬ ferstabe im Rotor für einen stabilen Wuchtzustand des Ro- tors bei hohen Drehzahlen nur schwierig befestigen.It would therefore be advantageous to cast the short-circuit rotor out of copper, but this fails because of the high melting temperatures of the material. Therefore, these rotors are usually built using a variety of copper bars to which shorting rings are soldered. This copper ferstabe be inserted into corresponding grooves in the rotor, whereby, however, the maximum speeds are limited and do not reach those prepared by Herge ¬ cast aluminum rotors. In addition, the Kup ¬ ferstabe can attach only difficult in the rotor for a stable balance state of the ro tors at high speeds.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Drehstrom-Asynchronmotor für den Antrieb von Straßenfahrzeugen dahinge- hend zu verbessern, daß bei Verwendung von Kupferstaben für den Kurzschlußläufer die gleiche hohe maximale Drehzahl und der gleiche stabile Wuchtzustand wie bei aus Aluminium- Druckguß gefertigten Rotoren bei geringer Verlustleistung erreicht wird.The object of the invention is to provide a three-phase asynchronous motor for driving road vehicles. hend to improve that when using copper rods for the squirrel-cage rotor the same high maximum speed and the same stable state of balance is achieved as with rotors made of die-cast aluminum with low power loss.
Ausgehend von einem Drehstrom-Asynchronmotor der eingangs naher genannten Art wird zur Losung dieser Aufgabe vorgeschlagen, daß die Kupferstabe im Rotor mit Aluminium unter Druck vergossen sind.Starting from a three-phase asynchronous motor of the type mentioned in the introduction, it is proposed to solve this problem that the copper rods in the rotor are cast with aluminum under pressure.
Die Kombination der Vorteile der Verwendung von Kupferstaben sowie von Aluminium-Druckguß bei der Herstellung von Rotoren für die erfmdungsgemaßen Drehstrom-Asynchron- motoren ermöglicht eine hohe maximale Drehzahl, die derjenigen von reinen Aluminium-Druckgußrotoren nicht nachsteht, bei geringer Verlustleistung und stabilem Wuchtzustand. Vor dem Gießen werden dabei die einzelnen Kupferstabe in den Rotor eingelegt, wonach sie mit Aluminium unter Druck ver- gössen werden.The combination of the advantages of using copper bars and die-cast aluminum in the manufacture of rotors for the three-phase asynchronous motors according to the invention enables a high maximum speed, which is not inferior to that of pure die-cast aluminum rotors, with low power loss and stable balance. Before casting, the individual copper bars are placed in the rotor, after which they are cast with aluminum under pressure.
Dadurch werden die Kupferstabe sicher und preisgünstig fixiert. Lotarbeiten entfallen vollständig. Das Blechpaket wird wahrend des Abkuhlvorgangs nach dem Gießen durch die unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Kupfer und Aluminium zusammengepreßt. Die Verlustleistung im Rotor sinkt und die Warme wird besser zu den Kurzschlußringen abgeleitet . This fixes the copper rod securely and inexpensively. Soldering work is completely eliminated. The laminated core is pressed together during the cooling process after casting by the different expansion coefficients of copper and aluminum. The power loss in the rotor decreases and the heat is better dissipated to the short-circuit rings.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r u c h P a t e n t a n s r u c h
Drehstrom-Asynchronmotor für den Antrieb von Straßen- fahrzeugen, insbesondere Nutzfahrzeugen, mit einem Stator und einem Rotor, der als Kurzschlußläufer ausgebildet ist, der eine Vielzahl von Kupferstäben aufweist, die in ent¬ sprechende Nuten des Rotors eingesetzt sind und deren Enden durch Kurzschlußringe miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kupferstäbe im Rotor mit Aluminium unter Druck vergossen sind. Three-phase asynchronous motor for driving road vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles, with a stator and a rotor which is designed as a squirrel- cage rotor, which has a multiplicity of copper bars which are inserted in corresponding grooves of the rotor and the ends of which are connected to one another by short-circuit rings are connected, characterized in that the copper rods in the rotor are cast with aluminum under pressure.
PCT/EP2000/000709 1999-02-04 2000-01-29 3-phase a.c. asynchronous motor for on-road vehicles WO2000046904A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19904481.3 1999-02-04
DE19904481A DE19904481A1 (en) 1999-02-04 1999-02-04 Three-phase asynchronous motor for road vehicles

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015224574A1 (en) 2015-12-08 2017-06-08 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Rotor, method of manufacturing a rotor, asynchronous machine and vehicle
DE102015224579A1 (en) 2015-12-08 2017-06-08 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Rotor, method of manufacturing a rotor, asynchronous machine and vehicle
DE102015224577A1 (en) 2015-12-08 2017-06-08 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Rotor, method of manufacturing a rotor, asynchronous machine and vehicle
DE102015226156A1 (en) * 2015-12-21 2017-06-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Rotor, asynchronous machine and vehicle
DE102017200980A1 (en) * 2017-01-23 2018-07-26 Audi Ag Short-circuit rotor, asynchronous motor and motor vehicle

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55127868A (en) * 1979-03-22 1980-10-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Manufacture of rotor of rotating electric machine
JPH1028360A (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-27 Hitachi Ltd Induction motor and its rotor
JPH10234166A (en) * 1997-02-19 1998-09-02 Hitachi Ltd Rotor for induction motor

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2932952A1 (en) * 1979-08-14 1981-03-26 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München METHOD FOR PRODUCING SHORT CIRCUIT CABLES
DE19626807C1 (en) * 1996-07-03 1997-11-20 Gruendl & Hoffmann Rotor for asynchronous electric motor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55127868A (en) * 1979-03-22 1980-10-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Manufacture of rotor of rotating electric machine
JPH1028360A (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-27 Hitachi Ltd Induction motor and its rotor
JPH10234166A (en) * 1997-02-19 1998-09-02 Hitachi Ltd Rotor for induction motor

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 004, no. 185 (E - 038) 19 December 1980 (1980-12-19) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 05 30 April 1998 (1998-04-30) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 14 31 December 1998 (1998-12-31) *

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