DE102015226156A1 - Rotor, asynchronous machine and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotor (10) for an asynchronous machine (50), comprising a laminated core (20) and a short circuit cage (30) integrated at least partially in the laminated core (20) and arranged around a rotor axis (11) of the rotor (10) in which the short-circuit cage (30) is formed with electrically conductive rods (31) and with these electrically conductive, electrically conductive short-circuit rings (32-1, 32-2) and with a holding device (70), which at least one of the shorting rings (32-1, 32- 2) with a stop side (38) with respect to the rotor axis (11) axially against an end face (22) of the laminated core (20) holds.

Description

The present invention relates to a rotor, an asynchronous machine and a vehicle. The present invention particularly relates to a rotor for an asynchronous machine, an asynchronous machine, in particular for driving a vehicle, and a vehicle, in particular a passenger car and / or a hybrid vehicle.

In many technical applications, especially when driving vehicles and their components, asynchronous machines are used. Such machines are also referred to as three-phase asynchronous machines or three-phase induction machines. In such machines, a rotor or rotor and a stator interact with one another via magnetic rotating fields, the rotor projecting ahead of the stator rotary field during generator operation and the rotor following the stator rotary field during engine operation.

In passive asynchronous machines, the rotor is formed by a squirrel cage or squirrel cage. Such a rotor consists of a laminated core, in particular of a sheet iron package with trained grooves, wherein the sheets are mutually electrically isolated. Usually rods are introduced in the production of the grooves of the laminated core and electrically shorted via shorting rings, this can be done via a casting process.

The problem is that a material substitution to improve the electrical conductivity on the one hand and the increase in mechanical stability on the other hand with known manufacturing processes can not or only with a considerable overhead of material and energy costs can be achieved.

The invention is based on the object to provide a rotor for an asynchronous, which makes the construction and operation of an asynchronous reliable, without the cost of manufacturing increases. Further, the invention is based on the object of specifying an asynchronous machine and a vehicle and to develop accordingly.

The object underlying the invention is achieved in a rotor for an asynchronous machine according to the invention with the features of independent claim 1, in an asynchronous machine according to the invention with the features of independent claim 11 and in a vehicle according to the invention with the features of independent claim 12. Advantageous developments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

An inventive rotor for an asynchronous machine has a laminated core and an at least partially integrated in the laminated core short circuit cage. In the rotor according to the invention, the short-circuit cage is formed with electrically conductive rods and with electrically conductive short-circuiting rings, which are electrically conductively connected to the rods. The bars are in particular formed with or from a first electrically conductive material, the short-circuit rings with or from a second electrically conductive material. A retaining device is formed which axially supports at least one of the short-circuit rings and preferably two short-circuit rings as end rings with a respective abutment side with respect to the rotor axis against a respective end face of the laminated core. By means of the holding device it is possible, by impressing a corresponding holding force in the axial direction, to press at least one, preferably both, of the short-circuit rings designed as end rings with a stop side axially with respect to the axis of the rotor against an end face of the laminated core and to fix or fix them there , Thereby, the mechanical integrity of the rotor according to the invention is ensured even at high speeds and reduces the occurrence of imbalances, in particular by stabilizing the short-circuit rings against centrifugal forces acting on them.

In particular, offers a structure that only two short rings, namely in the form of end rings has.

In a preferred embodiment of the rotor according to the invention, the holding device is formed with one or more fastening means. These are based on one of the stop side of each short-side ring opposite end face of the respective short-circuit ring. Thereby, the respective short-circuit ring with its stop side, which is opposite to the end face of the short-circuit ring, pressed axially relative to the axis of the rotor against the associated end face of the laminated core and supported.

In a further development of the rotor according to the invention, the plurality of fastening means, in particular in an even number, are provided.

In order to avoid imbalance, especially at high speeds, the plurality of fasteners may be symmetrically disposed about the rotor axis.

It is also advantageous if, in addition or alternatively, the respective fastening means in each case at a position radially between the rotor axis and a position of a respective rod of the Short-circuit cage and / or according to a groove of the laminated core for receiving a rod is arranged.

In particular, it may alternatively or additionally be provided that a plurality of fastening means or all fastening means of the plurality of fastening means are arranged concentrically on a circle or arrangement circle around the rotor axis. This is located in particular within a circuit arrangement for the rods of the short-circuit cage.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the rotor according to the invention, a particularly simple arrangement results for holding or fixing a respective shorting ring on the laminated core when a respective fastening means extends through the respective shorting ring, in particular from the front side to the stop side, through a mounting hole and / or with reduced or no mechanical contact between fastener and short-circuit ring inside the short-circuit ring, eg by means of a gap and / or a sleeve between the fastening means and the short-circuit ring.

Conceivable are various embodiments with which the respective fastening means can be fastened on or in the laminated core and / or on or in the respective short-circuit ring.

Thus, it is conceivable according to a development of the rotor according to the invention that a respective fastening means is attached by form, force and / or material connection on or in the laminated core, in particular in a detachable manner.

Furthermore, it is alternatively or additionally conceivable that a respective fastening means by form, force and / or material connection is attached to or in the respective short-circuit ring, in particular in a detachable manner.

In order to achieve a particularly high stability of the rotor according to the invention and in particular not to weaken the mechanical integrity of the laminated core, it is provided in another advantageous embodiment of the rotor according to the invention that a respective fastening means tangentially between two rods of the short-circuit cage or between two grooves of the laminated core Recording of rods arranged and attached.

Particularly simple geometric conditions and manufacturing and assembly processes with little effort arise when a respective fastening means is a bolt and in particular, a screw, a rivet or has.

Alternatively or in addition to bolt-like fastening means penetrating a respective short-circuit ring, in a further development of the rotor according to the invention a tensioning disk can also be formed by which the laminated core is held or fixed to a rotor shaft defining the rotor axis and in which a respective fastening means is formed as a component of the tensioning disk is, in particular in the manner of a support element and / or in with the clamping disc materialeinstückiger shape.

This is particularly advantageous because in many conventional embodiments of a rotor for an asynchronous machine anyway a clamping plate for holding or fixing the laminated core is provided on the rotor shaft. In this case, by means of the development according to the invention, in particular by forming a clamping disk with a fastening means, for example in the manner of a supporting element, a conventional rotor can optionally be retrofitted simply by changing or further developing the clamping disk.

The inventive concept for further development of a rotor for an asynchronous machine also allows the integration of balancing masses, ie an inherent balancing of the rotor of the asynchronous machine according to the invention.

For this purpose, according to an advantageous development of the rotor according to the invention, it may be provided that a balancing mass is formed on a respective fastening means and / or attachable, in particular releasably, in particular in the manner of a balancing disk, and thereby the mass distribution of the rotor about the rotor axis and its symmetry are customizable.

The rods of the short-circuit cage may have a cast and / or assembled construction.

Due to the possibility of more flexible choice of materials in the materials of the rods of the short-circuit cage on the one hand and the shorting rings on the other hand, it is possible that the material of the rods of the short-circuit cage as the first material has a higher electrical conductivity than that of a short-circuit ring as the second material.

Alternatively or additionally, the second material may have a higher mechanical strength and / or stability than the first material.

In this case, a skilful selection of the materials in combination with each other can improve both the electrical properties and the mechanical integrity of the rotor according to the invention.

Thus, it is conceivable that the first material and / or the second material is a material from the group comprising aluminum, copper, silver and their alloys, and in particular the first material is or comprises copper or a copper alloy and the second material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy is or has.

Also procedurally, the structure of the rotor according to the invention offers advantages, in particular with regard to the production and / or assembly of the rotor according to the invention.

By providing a holding device with the possibility of axial holding or fixing a respective short-circuit ring against an end face of the laminated core of the rotor, it is possible in a particularly simple manner to mount laminated core, rotor shaft and short-circuit cage with the shorting rings together as a unit.

The assembly can be further simplified if the fastening means for the holding device in the form of conventional screws, bolts or rivets are used for the assembly. In this case, conventional assembly methods can then advantageously be introduced - if appropriate automated.

At the same time, the possibility of a so-called balancing concept is given, namely by symmetry of the mass distribution of the rotor around the rotor shaft and thus around the rotor axis is achieved in a simple manner during assembly and assembly by optionally applied additional balancing masses, e.g. through the use of appropriately modified fasteners.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, an asynchronous machine, in particular for the drive of a vehicle, is provided. The asynchronous machine according to the invention comprises a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor has the structure according to the invention.

Furthermore, the present invention also provides a vehicle, in particular a passenger vehicle and / or a hybrid vehicle, which has a drive with an asynchronous machine designed according to the invention.

The asynchronous machine according to the invention can also be used in any other devices as a drive and / or as a generator component, e.g. in working or machine tools, in particular in a circular saw, in pumps, e.g. Water pumps, water and wind generators and the like.

Brief description of the figures

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the figures. Show it:

1 shows a schematic and sectional side view of the structure of an embodiment of an asynchronous machine according to the invention.

2 shows in the manner of an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor according to the invention, which can be used as a squirrel cage rotor for an asynchronous machine.

3 shows a schematic and partially sectioned side view of another embodiment of the rotor according to the invention.

4 shows a schematic and partially sectioned side view of part of another embodiment of the rotor according to the invention.

5 shows a schematic plan view of the front side of an embodiment of the rotor according to the invention.

6 to 11 show in schematic and sectional side views fragmentary the structure of further embodiments of the rotor according to the invention

12 shows a schematic side view of an inventively designed vehicle.

13 shows a schematic and sectional side view fragmentary the structure of a conventional rotor.

The following are with reference to the 1 to 12 Embodiments of the invention described in detail. Identical and equivalent as well as equivalent or equivalent elements and components are designated by the same reference numerals. Not in every case of their occurrence, the detailed description of the designated elements and components is reproduced.

The illustrated features and other properties can be isolated in any form of each other and combined with each other, without departing from the gist of the invention.

1 shows a schematic and sectional side view of an embodiment of the asynchronous machine according to the invention 50 , This consists of a stator 40 , inside which a rotor 50 with a rotor shaft 12 over camp 41 is arranged stored. The rotor shaft 12 defines a rotation axis 11 of the rotor 10 , The single ones Components of the rotor 10 are with the wave 12 rotatably connected. The rotation axis 11 passing over the rotor shaft 12 is defined, is aligned parallel to the x-direction.

The rotor itself is next to the rotor shaft 12 from a laminated core 20 , which is formed by mutually electrically insulated thin sheets, for example of iron or the like. The laminated core 20 is with a plurality of grooves 21 or recesses here in the longitudinal direction parallel to the axis of rotation 11 trained, but also an oblique course is conceivable. The grooves 21 be with bars 31 equipped, which are also referred to as cage bars. At the ends 31-1 and 31-2 become the bars 31 with - here terminal - short circuit rings 32-1 and 32-2 , which are electrically conductive, at their stop sides 38 or surfaces connected and thereby electrically shorted.

The embodiments of the asynchronous machines according to the invention 50 according to 1 also shows the mounting concept according to the invention with the holding device 70 for axially holding or fixing the short-circuit rings 32-1 and 32-2 with her stop page 38 against the respective front side 22 the laminated core 20 of the rotor 10 ,

In the embodiment according to 1 has the holding device 70 a plurality of fasteners 71 on. The fasteners 71 penetrate here as bolt elements 71-1 , which can also be called simply bolts, through mounting holes 72 from the front side 37 a respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 forth both the short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 from the front side 37 to the attack side 38 as well as the respective laminated core 20 from the front side 22 ago. Bolts 71-1 are anchored in the laminated core by form and / or adhesion. They hold over a support on the front side 37 of the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 this at the front 22 the laminated core 20 ,

Due to the mechanical stabilization of the first and second shorting rings 32-1 respectively. 32-2 over the holding device 70 can the choice of materials with regard to the material of the rods 31 on the one hand and with regard to the material of the shorting rings 32-1 . 32-2 On the other hand - as long as an electrical contact and short circuit are possible - be designed arbitrarily, for example, aspects of a particularly good electrical conductivity of the rods 31 on the one hand and a particularly high mechanical resistance of the short-circuit rings 32-1 . 32-2 on the other hand to take better account.

It is according to the invention in particular no longer necessary, the rods 31 and the shorting rings 32-1 . 32-2 from the same material and / or in the same operation and with the same production methods.

2 shows in the manner of an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor according to the invention 10 with a short cage 30 with bars 31 and terminal shorting rings 32-1 and 32-2 as well as with a laminated core 20 with parallel to the rotor axis 11 trained grooves 21 for holding the bars 31 ,

In the exploded view according to 2 is the holding device 70 which also acts as a fastening device 70 can be designated, schematically through the mounting holes 72 , which may also be referred to as mounting holes, indicated.

The mounting holes are located on a first array 36 , which is concentric with the axis of rotation or rotor axis 11 of the rotor 10 , When assembled, the mounting holes become 32 on the arrangement circle 36 still by appropriate fasteners 71 , for example in the form of bolt elements 71-1 , permeated, located at the front 37 of the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 support and this with the front side 37 opposite stop side 38 to the front side 22 the laminated core 20 Press on and hold or fix.

3 shows a schematic and sectional side view of an embodiment of a rotor according to the invention 10 , This corresponds essentially to the rotor 10 as in the embodiment of the asynchronous machine according to the invention 50 out 1 Use finds.

The rotor axis 11 is through a rotor shaft 12 Are defined. With this rotor shaft 12 are the other components of the rotor 10 rotatably connected. This is in particular a laminated core 20 with parallel to the rotor axis 11 trained grooves 21 or recesses into which bars 31 a shorting cage 30 are included. The bars 31 are in turn with their first ends 31-1 on the attack side 38 a first short-circuit ring 32-1 electrically connected. The first ends 31-1 opposite second ends 31-2 of the bars 31 the short-circuit cage 30 are with the stop page 38 an opposite and terminal second shorting ring 32-2 electrically connected.

As in the embodiment according to 1 is also in the rotor according to the invention 10 according to 3 the holding device 70 as a fastening device with a plurality of fastening means 71 in the form of bolt elements 71-1 educated. Each of the bolt elements 71-1 rests on the front side 37 of the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 penetrates through a mounting hole 72 the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 from the front side 37 to the stop side 38 completely and penetrates the mounting hole 72 from the front side 22 in the laminated core 20 in order to be anchored there by form and / or adhesion and thus the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 with the stop side 38 at the front 22 the laminated core 20 to press on and hold or fix there.

The 4 to 11 show in a schematic and sectional side view of parts of other embodiments of the rotor according to the invention 10 ,

In the embodiment according to 4 is the holding device 70 again with a plurality of fasteners 71 in the form of bolt elements 71-1 educated. The bolt elements 71-1 penetrate from the front side 37 forth the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 in the direction and parallel to the rotor axis 11 passing through the rotor shaft 12 is defined, completely, so on the attack side 38 of the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 and then penetrate the mounting hole 72 in the material of the laminated core 20 over its front side 22 in order to be anchored there via traction and / or positive locking. In this case, the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 with its stop side 38 at the front 22 the laminated core 20 supported.

It should also be mentioned that - as in the previous and subsequent embodiments of the rotor according to the invention 10 also - in a respective recess or groove 21 the laminated core 20 a cage bar 31 is formed, with its respective end 31-1 . 31-2 in electrically conductive contact with the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 respectively 32-2 , via the respective stop page 38 ,

5 shows a view of a rotor according to the invention 10 with a short-circuit cage according to the invention 30 in the axial direction, in the x-direction. The view is thus in the direction of the rotor shaft 12 defined rotor axis 11 , on the front sides 37 and 22 of the short-circuit ring 32-1 or the laminated core 20 of the rotor 10 ,

It can be seen that the holding device 70 with the as bolt elements 71-1 trained fasteners 70 along a first and inner arrangement circle 36 concentric with the rotor axis 11 is arranged, wherein the bolt elements 71-1 inside the mounting holes 72 and thereby the respective short-circuit ring 32-1, 32-2 starting and with stop on the respective front side 37 to the opposite stop side 38 penetrate and inside the laminated core 20 from the front side 22 anchored.

The first arrangement circle 36 for the bolt elements 71-1 the holding device 70 lies within a second circle of arrangement 35 on which the positions of the rods of the shorting cage 30 of the rotor 10 and therefore their ends 31-1 . 31-2 lie. In addition, the positions of the mounting holes 32 so chosen that the mechanical integrity of the laminated core 20 is disturbed as little as possible. In particular, the mounting holes are 72 tangentially or circumferentially offset between the corresponding recesses or grooves 21 the laminated core 20 into which the bars 31 the short-circuit cage 30 be introduced.

6 shows - in a similar way 4 - An embodiment of the rotor according to the invention 10 with a corresponding holding device 70 in which the fastening means 71 again as bolt elements 71-1 are formed and within mounting holes 72 from the front side 37 a respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 to the stop side 38 rich and over the front page 22 in the laminated core 20 of the rotor 10 penetrate and are held there over positive engagement and / or traction.

In contrast to the embodiment according to 4 is a respective fastener 71 in the form of a bolt element 71-1 for the realization of a balancing concept a balancing disk 73-1 in the stop to the front side 37 on. The balancing wheel 73-1 may be chosen according to their extent and mass to any existing imbalance of the rotor 10 total balance. There may be several balancing discs on one or on different fasteners 71 be provided, which are the same, similar or different.

In the embodiment according to 7 is on the fastener shown there 71 instead of a balancing wheel 73-1 to realize a balancing concept a general balance mass 73-2 educated.

In the embodiment according to 8th is the bolt element 71-1 as a fastener 71 the holding device 70 designed as a screw, with a screw head 71-2 who is at the front 37 of the short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 supports, and with a head 71-2 opposite thread 71-3 which is in the mounting hole 72 in the material of the laminated core 20 from the front side 22 is screwed in here.

To the mechanical integrity of the shorting ring 32-1 . 32-2 not to disturb especially with thermal alternating loads, is the bolt element 71-1 in the area of the short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 in the xz plane of the material of the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 over a gap 74-2 spatially separated to the different expansion behavior of the materials of the fastener 71 on the one hand and the short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 on the other hand, to buffer.

In the embodiment according to 9 is inside the gap 74-2 between the screw as a fastener 71 and the material of the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 a sleeve 74-1 educated.

The embodiments according to the 10 and 11 describe alternative or additional aspects of the holding device 70 using a so-called clamping disc 75 for fixing the laminated core 20 on the rotor shaft 12 ,

The concept of the clamping disk 75 can first on the basis of a conventionally designed rotor 10 ' be explained in 13 is shown.

The conventional rotor 10 ' has a conventional clamping disc 75 ' on which the laminated core 20 in the axial direction, ie in the direction of the rotor axis 11 holds and optionally compressed and on the other hand at the same time a non-rotatable anchoring of the laminated core 20 on the rotor shaft 12 causes. For this purpose, the clamping disk is supported 75 ' with her stop page 75-2 which is her frontal 75-1 opposite, on the front side 22 the laminated core 20 from.

In the embodiment of the rotor according to the invention 10 according to 10 is the clamping disk according to the invention 75 compared to the conventional clamping disc 75 ' further developed such that the outer peripheral side 75-3 the conventional clamping disc 75 ' in the tensioning pulley according to the invention 75 only thought is, in material extension, a support element 76 has, which is material integral with the clamping disk and on the front side 37 of the respective support ring 32-1 . 32-2 supported to thereby with the holding or fixing of the laminated core 20 on the rotor shaft 12 also inherently the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 at the front 22 the laminated core 20 to hold or fix.

11 also shows an embodiment of the rotor according to the invention, in which at least a part of the holding device 70 from a development of a clamping washer 75 is formed. In this development, the support element 76 also formed in materialeinstückiger form, but originates here at the front 75-1 the clamping disc 75 to get to the front 37 of the respective short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 support.

12 shows an embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention 1 using an embodiment of the asynchronous machine according to the invention 50 for a drive 80 ,

In the schematic representation of 5 has the vehicle according to the invention 1 a chassis 2 as well as four wheels 3 on which via a powertrain 85 by means of the asynchronous machine designed according to the invention 50 for locomotion of the vehicle 1 can be driven. It may be in the vehicle according to the invention 1 to act a purely electrically powered vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.

The asynchronous machine according to the invention 50 of the drive 80 is from an energy source, in particular a battery 81 , via a supply line 86 fed. By means of a control unit 90 be via control / communication lines 82 . 83 and 84 Function and operation of the battery 81 , the asynchronous machine 50 and the drive train 85 monitored and / or controlled.

These and other features and characteristics of the present invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following statements:
The rotor 10 an asynchronous machine 50 who also works as a squirrel-cage or squirrel-cage runner 30 referred to, consists of a sheet iron package 20 , composed of mutually insulated sheets, with stamped grooves 21 ,

When manufacturing asynchronous rotors 10 may be introducing the shorting cage 30 with bars 31 and end rings 32-1 . 32-2 in the laminated core 20 via an aluminum die-casting process or also via a joining of the rods 31 with the short circuit rings 32-1 . 32-2 respectively.

The - possibly cast - rotor bars 31 are on both sides with shorting rings 32-2 . 32-2 provided with these electrically connected and thus form the electrically conductive squirrel cage rotor 30 ,

By substituting the die casting process of aluminum with another suitable material with a higher conductance, such as copper, the efficiency of an asynchronous machine can be reduced 50 be improved.

The disadvantage here is possibly the higher price of copper. For cost and strength reasons, it is advisable to outside the ladder grooves 21 , ie in particular to the Short circuit rings 32-1 . 32-2 to use a cheaper but more mechanically stable and / or stronger material.

Conceivable are hybrid rotors. These are the grooves 21 equipped with copper rods. The short-circuit rings 32-1 . 32-2 can be made by an aluminum die casting process.

At high speeds or large rotor diameters are at the axial ends, in particular at the end faces 22 , the laminated core 20 with their stop pages 38 arranged shorting rings 32-1 . 32-2 , due to the centrifugal forces, the risk of mechanical deformation, resulting in damage or destruction of the rotor 10 can lead.

Based on simulations and experiments is a lifting of the short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 conceivable as damage mechanism. This should be prevented in order to ensure operation even at high speeds.

It is possible to use support rings made of mechanically stable materials that control the centrifugal forces of the short-circuiting ring 32-1 . 32-2 to record. Known methods for connecting the support rings with the end rings are gluing, welding or shrinking.

• – Bei geklebten Stützringen muss der Klebstoff in einem separaten Fertigungsschritt auf eine speziell zum Kleben aufbereitete Fläche aufgebracht werden. Zusätzlich kommt es durch die Aushärtedauer des Klebers zu Verzögerungen im Fertigungsprozess. Klebestellen können als Schwachstellen bei Temperaturbelastungen und Festigkeitsanforderungen gelten.
• – Bei geschweißten Stützringen ist die Materialauswahl für zu schweißende Werkstoffe begrenzt. Zum Schweißen ist ein separater Fertigungsschritt notwendig (Kosten für Schweißer oder Schweißroboter). Zusätzlich sind auf Grund der Wärmeeinbringung Materialverformungen und Spannungen denkbar. Durch die Schweißnähte können die Möglichkeiten der Wuchtpositionen am Rotor eingeschränkt werden.
• – Bei eingepassten Stützringen ist immer eine Presspassung notwendig. Somit muss sowohl der Kurzschlussring 32-1, 32-2 als auch der Stützring sehr genau gefertigt werden. Zum Fügen der Teile müssen diese häufig thermisch behandelt (kühlen, erhitzen) werden, dies ist kostenintensiv.
• – Im Allgemeinen entsteht während der Fertigung eine Unwucht im Rotor 10, die auf ein tolerierbares Maß reduziert werden muss, damit der Rotor 10 während des Betriebes nicht anfängt zu schwingen und nicht lokal höher beansprucht wird. Hierfür kann Material entfernt oder eingebracht werden. Die aktuellen Umsetzungen bieten hierfür keine direkte Umsetzung eines Wuchtkonzepts, das prozesssicher realisiert werden kann oder den Stützring nicht mechanisch schwächt.

The following disadvantages exist:

• - For glued support rings, the adhesive must be applied in a separate production step to a surface specially prepared for gluing. In addition, the curing time of the adhesive causes delays in the production process. Splices can be seen as weak points in temperature and strength requirements.
• - For welded support rings, the material selection for materials to be welded is limited. For welding, a separate production step is necessary (costs for welders or welding robots). In addition, material deformations and stresses are conceivable due to the heat input. The welds can be used to limit the possibilities of the balancing positions on the rotor.
• - With fitted support rings, an interference fit is always necessary. Thus, both the short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 as well as the support ring are made very accurate. To join the parts, they often have to be thermally treated (cooled, heated), which is costly.
• - In general, an imbalance develops in the rotor during production 10 , which must be reduced to a tolerable level, so that the rotor 10 does not start to oscillate during operation and is not subjected to higher loads locally. For this purpose, material can be removed or introduced. The current implementations do not offer a direct implementation of a balancing concept that can be implemented reliably or does not mechanically weaken the support ring.

One possibility is to support the short-circuit rings 32-1 . 32-2 as end rings using screws or bolts 71-1 ,

Even at high speeds, the centrifugal forces of the squirrel cage rotor 30 and in particular the two short-circuit rings 32-1 . 32-2 absorb and prevent mechanical deformation, according to the invention, the short-circuit rings 32-1 . 32-2 as end rings using fasteners 71 eg in the form of pins or screws on the laminated core 20 attached.

The screws or pins are, for example, axially symmetric on a circumferential circle 36 distributed, which has a smaller diameter than the circumferential circle 35 of the bars 31 , This will be the end rings 32-1 . 32-2 fixed and prevented from lifting, which reduces the mechanical load and increases the life of the electric motor.

Preferably, screws or pins between two grooves 21 introduced in order not to weaken the sheet cross-section too strong and the mechanical stress of the laminated core 20 not too strong to influence.

• – Mögliche Positionen der Befestigungsmittel, z.B. der Stifte oder Schrauben sind bereits im Blechpaket 20 und am Kurzschlussring 32-1, 32-2 vorgesehen.
• – Einbringen der Bohrungen 72 während der Fertigung durch beispielsweise Bohren, Fräsen oder dergleichen.

In principle, two production sequences come into consideration.

• - Possible positions of the fasteners, such as the pins or screws are already in the laminated core 20 and at the short ring 32-1 . 32-2 intended.
• - Introduce the holes 72 during manufacture by, for example, drilling, milling or the like.

The implementation of the fastening device 70 the shorting rings 32-1 . 32-2 also offers the possibility to provide a balancing concept.

It can balance weights 73-1 . 73-2 on the fasteners 71 , Screws or pins are attached. These are preferred as a disk 73-1 perform. In the case of screws, these can be inserted and screwed. In the case of the pins attaching the balancing discs is possible, inter alia, by means of gluing, welding, soldering or an interference fit. Alternatively, the pins or screws may be designed to contain this additional material 73-2 which is not necessary for the strength. This can be for balancing the rotor 10 be removed.

The above-mentioned principles of the invention can be implemented as follows:

(A) Fixing with pins on a stacked laminated core

In the case of a laminated core 20 , which was made by stacking loose sheets become pins, generally the fasteners 71 , introduced as a support measure. These can, inter alia, in the laminated core 20 glued, welded, soldered or pressed. The pencils 71 can have different shapes and have a head. A gap is preferred 74-2 between the pen 71 and end ring 32-1 . 32-2 present, so that due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of copper and steel, for example, no thermal stresses occur.

Alternatively, a rivet as a fastener 71 for fixing the end rings 32-1 . 32-2 be used, which is in the laminated core 20 spreads.

(B) Fixation by means of pins or screws in a baked laminated core

Baked tin packets 20 offer the advantage that they are machinable despite the layered structure. This allows, for example, thread in the laminated core 20 to cut. Consequently, in addition to pins and screws as fasteners 71 for fixing the end rings 32-1 . 32-2 be used. The thread can be in the laminated core 20 cut or by using self-tapping screws 71 getting produced. Preferably, a stop is provided so that it is ensured during the screwing that the end rings 32-1 . 32-2 through the screws 71 not be damaged. This may already be present due to the screw geometry or by means of a sleeve 74-1 will be realized. A gap is preferred 74-2 between copper and screw 71 / sleeve 74-1 provided to avoid thermal stresses.

Supporting the short-circuit rings 32-1 . 32-2 as end rings is possible with the help of clamping disks. Alternatively, the end rings 32-1 . 32-2 also by a geometrical adaptation of clamping disks 75 necessary for the axial fixation of the laminated core 20 anyway often used, be supported.

In addition, a balancing concept can be applied to the geometrically adapted clamping disc 75 be provided. Depending on the geometry of the clamping disc 75 and the electromagnetic design is the material of the clamping disc 75 to choose such that the mechanical strength is ensured and the electromagnetic properties meet the requirements.

There are according to the invention the following advantages.

(I) Support the shorting rings / end rings with screws or bolts:

• - In contrast to the conventional support ring, the short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 not exactly worked to measure (no fit). This saves time and costs.
• - By eliminating the support rings and using standardized screws or pins as fasteners 71 costs are saved.
• - Combination of the balancing and supporting concept. This saves costs.
• - Processing at room temperature saves time and costs. No thermal material deformation.

(II) Supporting the shorting rings / end rings with the aid of tensioning discs

• - In contrast to the conventional support ring, the short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2 not exactly worked to measure (no fit). This saves time and costs.
• - Combination of the axial fixation of the laminated core 20 with the support concept. This saves costs.
• - Combination of the balancing and supporting concept possible. This saves costs.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

vehicle

2

chassis

3

bikes

10

rotor

10 '

conventional rotor

11

rotor axis

12

rotor shaft

20

laminated core

21

Groove, recess

22

Front side of the laminated core 20

30

Squirrel cage

31

Rod

31-1

(first) end / end of bar

31-2

(second) end / end of the bar

32-1

(first) shorting ring / end ring

32-2

(second) shorting ring / end ring

35

Arrangement of bars 31

36

Arrangement circle of the fastening device 70 or the bolt elements 71

37

Front side short-circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2

38

Stop side / attachment side Short circuit ring 32-1 . 32-2

40

stator

41

camp

50

asynchronous

70

Holding device, fastening device

71

fastener

71-1

Bolt element, bolt

71-2

head

71-3

Thread, thread area

72

Mounting hole, mounting hole

73-1

balancing disk

73-2

balancing mass

74-1

shell

74-2

gap

75

tensioning pulley

75-1

Front side clamping disc 75 . 75 '

75-2

Stop side clamping disc 75 . 75 '

75-3

Outer peripheral side clamping disc 75 . 75 '

75 '

conventional clamping disc

76

support element

80

drive

81

battery

82

Control / communication line

83

Control / communication line

84

Control / communication line

85

powertrain

86

supply line

90

control unit

Claims (12)

Rotor ( 10 ) for an asynchronous machine ( 50 ), comprising a laminated core ( 20 ) and at least partially in the laminated core ( 20 ) integrated short circuit cage ( 30 ), which around a rotor axis ( 11 ) of the rotor ( 10 ) are arranged around, in which - the short-circuit cage ( 30 ) with electrically conductive rods ( 31 ) and with these electrically conductive and electrically conductive short circuit rings ( 32-1 . 32-2 ) is formed and - with a holding device ( 70 ), which at least one of the short-circuit rings ( 32-1 . 32-2 ) with a stop side ( 38 ) with respect to the rotor axis ( 11 ) axially against an end face ( 22 ) of the laminated core ( 20 ) holds. Rotor ( 10 ) according to claim 1, wherein the holding device ( 70 ) one or more fasteners ( 71 ), which at one of the stop side ( 38 ) of the respective short-circuit ring ( 32-1 . 32-2 ) opposite end face ( 37 ) of the respective short-circuit ring ( 32-1 . 32-2 ) and the respective short-circuit ring ( 32-1 . 32-2 ) with its stop side ( 38 ) with respect to the rotor axis ( 11 ) axially against an end face ( 22 ) of the laminated core ( 20 ). Rotor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 or 3, in which a plurality of fastening means ( 71 ) is formed, in particular in an even number, symmetrically about the rotor axis ( 11 ) are arranged around, in particular in each case at a position between the rotor axis ( 11 ) and the bars ( 31 ) of the short circuit cage ( 30 ) and / or on a circuit ( 36 ) concentrically about the rotor axis ( 11 ). Rotor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 or 3, in which a respective fastening means ( 71 ) through the respective short-circuit ring ( 32-1 . 32-2 ) extends, in particular from the front side ( 37 ) to the attack side ( 38 ), through a mounting hole ( 72 ) and / or with reduced or no mechanical contact between fastening means ( 71 ) and short-circuit ring ( 32-1 . 32-2 ) inside the short-circuit ring ( 32-1 . 32-2 ) by means of a gap ( 74-2 ) and / or a sleeve ( 74-1 ) between fasteners ( 71 ) and short-circuit ring ( 32-1 . 32-2 ). Rotor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 to 4, in which a respective fastening means ( 71 ) by form, force and / or material connection on or in the laminated core ( 20 ) is mounted, in particular solvable. Rotor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 to 5, in which a respective fastening means ( 71 ) by form, force and / or material connection on or in the respective short-circuit ring ( 32-1 . 32-2 ) is mounted, in particular solvable. Rotor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 to 5, in which a respective fastening means ( 71 ) - in particular tangentially or circumferentially offset - between two bars ( 31 ) of the short circuit cage ( 30 ) or between two grooves ( 21 ) of the laminated core ( 20 ) for receiving rods ( 31 ) is attached. Rotor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 to 7, in which a respective fastening means ( 71 ) a bolt ( 71-1 ) and in particular, a screw, a rivet is or has. Rotor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 to 8, - which a clamping disc ( 75 ), through which the laminated core ( 20 ) at one the rotor axis ( 11 ) defining rotor shaft ( 12 ), and - in which a respective fastening means ( 71 ) a component of the clamping disk ( 75 ), in particular in the manner of a support element ( 76 ) and / or in with the clamping disc ( 75 ) material-integral form. Rotor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 to 9, in which - on a respective fastening means ( 71 ) a balancing mass ( 73-2 ) is formed and / or - in particular releasably - attachable, in particular in the manner of a balancing disk, and - thereby the symmetry of the mass distribution of the rotor ( 10 ) around the rotor axis ( 11 ) is customizable. Asynchronous machine ( 50 ), in particular for the drive ( 80 ) of a vehicle ( 1 ), - with a rotor ( 10 ) and a stator ( 40 ) - where the rotor ( 10 ) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 10. Vehicle ( 1 ), in particular passenger car and / or hybrid vehicle, - with a drive ( 80 ), - whereby the drive ( 80 ) an asynchronous machine ( 50 ) according to claim 11.

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