Separation of methanol and methyl acetate from mixtures thereof by extractive distillation.
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to the separation of methanol and methyl acetate from mixtures thereof by extractive distillation.
BACKGROUND TO INVENTION
Extractive distillation is a process to separate close-boiling compounds from each other by introducing a selectively-acting third component, the extractive distillation solvent, with the result that the relative volatility of the mixture to be separated is increased and azeotropes, if present, are overcome. The extractive distillation solvent is to be selected such that it does not form an undesired azeotrope with any of the compounds in the mixture.
The separation of methanol and methyl acetate is complicated due to the existence of an azeotrope. 2-Methoxy ethanol has been proposed in the literature as extractive distillation solvents to produce methyl acetate as distillate.
As has been stated in US Patent 5,800,681 (Berg) extractive distillation is the method of separating close boiling compounds from each other by carrying out the distillation in a multiplate rectification column in the presence of an added liquid or liquid mixture, said liquid(s) having a boiling point higher than the compounds being separated. The extractive distillation solvent is introduced near the top of the column and flows downward until it reaches the stillpot or reboiler. Its presence on each plate of the rectification column alters the relative volatility of the close boiling compounds in a direction to make the separation on each plate greater and thus require either fewer plates to effect the same separation or make possible a greater degree of separation with the same number of plates. The extractive distillation solvent should boil
higher than any of the close boiling liquids being separated and not form minimum azeotropes with them. Usually the extractive distillation solvent is introduced a few plates from the top of the column to ensure that none of the extractive distillation solvent is carried over with the lowest boiling component.
It is an object of this invention to suggest at least one further extractive distillation solvent for the separation of methanol and methyl acetate from mixtures thereof.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
According to the invention, a method of separation of methanol and methyl acetate includes the step of distilling a mixture of methanol / methyl acetate containing at least methanol and methyl acetate by way of an extractive distillation process in the presence of an extractive distillation solvent selected from the group consisting of an amine, a halogenated hydrocarbon, an alkylated thiopene, a diol, water and a paraffin.
The methanol / methyl acetate mixture may contain only methanol and methyl acetate.
The amine may be N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine.
The amine may be N,N'-dimethyl-1 ,3-propanediamine.
The amine may be diethylenetriamine.
The amine may be hexamethylenediamine.
The amine may be 1 ,4-diaminobutane.
The amine may be 1 ,3-diaminopentane.
The halogenated hydrocarbon may be hexachlorobutadiene.
The halogenated hydrocarbon may be tetrachioroethylene.
The halogenated hydrocarbon may be dibromobutane.
The alkylated thiopene may be ethyl thiopene.
The diol may be ethylene glycol.
The paraffin may be at least one of the components selected from the group consisting of undecane, dodecane, tridecane and tetradecane.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying schematic drawing.
In the drawing there is shown a schematic view of an experimental apparatus for testing an extractive distillation solvent for separating methanol and methyl acetate from mixtures thereof in accordance with the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING AND EXPERIMENTS
In the drawing there is shown a vapour-liquid equilibrium still 10 including a bulb flask 12 having a tube 14 leading to a condenser 16 and terminating in an outlet 18. The outlet 18 has an electromagnetic closure mechanism 20.
A liquid phase sample conduit 22 leads into the flask 12.
A further liquid phase sample conduit 24 leads into the tube 14.
A first thermometer 26 is adapted to read the temperature of the liquid contained in the flask 12, and a second thermometer 28 is adapted to read the temperature of the vapour in the tube 14.
The flask 12 can be heated by a heating mantle 30.
The extractive distillation procedure is as follows:
A liquid mixture is prepared consisting of methanol, methyl acetate and an extractive distillation solvent. The liquid is introduced into the bulb flask 12 via conduit 22.
The mixture in the bulb flask 12 is then heated by the heating mantle 30 and kept at boiling point.
During boiling the mixture separates into a liquid phase remaining in the bulb flask 12 and a vapour phase in the tube 14. In the tube 14 the vapour phase is cooled by the condenser 16, whereafter it condenses and returns as liquid to the bulb flask 12.
The mixture is boiled and condensed for several hours, normally 5 to 6 hours. The process of evaporation and condensation is repeated until equilibrium is reached between the vapour and liquid phases. Thereafter, a liquid sample of the liquid phase in the bulb flask 12 is extracted through conduit 22 and a liquid sample of the condensed vapour phase in the tube 14 is extracted through conduit 24.
The temperature of the liquid phase in the bulb flask 12 is continuously monitored by the thermometer 26, and the temperature of the vapour phase in the tube 14 is continuously monitored by the thermometer 28.
Experiment 1
A methanol/methyl acetate liquid mixture with a molar ratio of 1 :1 has a relative volatility of 0.73.
The separation was effected by using a suitable amine as an extractive distillation solvent.
A mixture of methanol (7.6g), methyl acetate (19.1g) and 1 ,3- diaminopentane (190.6g) was charged into the flask 12 of the vapour- liquid equilibrium still 10 and the above procedure was applied. The liquid and vapour phases were analysed. The liquid and vapour molar fractions were determined to be as follows:
Table 1 :
This translates to a relative volatility of 3.44 for the system methanol/methyl acetate in the ternary system shown above, the methanol being the distillate.
Experiment 2
A methanol/methyl acetate mixture with a molar ratio of 0:97 has a relative volatility of 1.40.
The separation was effected by using a suitable amine as an extractive distillation solvent.
A mixture of methanol (8.3g), methyl acetate (18.6g) and 1 ,4- diaminobutane (88.6g) was charged into the flask 12 of the vapour-liquid equilibrium still 10 and the above procedures was applied. The liquid and vapour phases were analysed. The liquid and vapour molar fractions were determined to be as follows:
Table 2:
This translates to a relative volatility of 1.88 for the system methyl acetate/methanol in the ternary system shown above, the methyl acetate being the distillate.
Experiment 3
A methanol/methyl acetate mixture with a molar ratio of 1 :1 has a relative volatility of 0.72.
The separation was effected by using a suitable chlorinated hydrocarbon as an extractive distillation solvent.
A mixture of methanol (13.5g), methyl acetate (30.9g) and tetrachloroethylene (483.4g) was charged into the flask 12 of the vapour-liquid equilibrium still 10 and the above procedure was applied. The liquid and vapour phases were analysed. The liquid and vapour molar fractions were determined to be as follows:
Table 3:
This translates to a relative volatility of 2.46 for the system methanol/methyl acetate in the ternary system shown above, the methanol being the distillate.
Experiment 4
A methanol/methyl acetate mixture with a molar ratio of 0:54:1 has a relative volatility of 0.98.
The separation was effected by using a suitable chlorinated hydrocarbon as an extractive distillation solvent.
After sampling in experiment 3, the mixture left in the apparatus was boiled up again (5 to 6 hours) and the vapour and liquid phases sampled. The liquid and vapour phases were analysed. The liquid and vapour molar fractions were determined to be as follows:
Table 4:
This translates to a relative volatility of 3.30 for the system methanol/methyl acetate in the ternary system shown above, the methanol being the distillate.
Experiment 5
A methanol/methyl acetate mixture with a molar ratio of 0.46:1 has a relative volatility of 1.05.
The separation was effected by using a suitable alkylated thiophene as an extractive distillation solvent.
A mixture of methanol (6.2g), methyl acetate (10.6g) and ethylthiophene (44. Og) was charged into the flask 12 of the vapour-liquid equilibrium still 10 and the above procedure was applied. The liquid and vapour phases were analysed. The liquid and vapour molar fractions were determined to be as follows:
Table 5:
This translates to a relative volatility of 2.07 for the system methanol/methyl acetate in the ternary system shown above, the methanol being the distillate.
Experiment 6
A methanol/methyl acetate mixture with a molar ratio of 1 :1 has a relative volatility of 0.72.
The separation was effected by using a suitable diol as an extractive distillation solvent.
A mixture of methanol (13.0g), methyl acetate (29.9g) and ethylene glycol (200.7g) was charged into the flask 12 of the vapour-liquid equilibrium still 10 and the above procedure was applied. The liquid and vapour phases were analysed. The liquid and vapour molar fractions were determined to be as follows:
Table 6:
This translates to a relative volatility of 3.28 for the system methanol/methyl acetate in the ternary system shown above, the methyl acetate being the distillate.
Experiment 7
A methyl acetate/methanol mixture with a molar ratio of 0.45:1 has a relative volatility of 2.0.
The separation was effected by using water as an extractive distillation solvent.
A mixture of methanol (32.7g), methyl acetate (74.5g) and water (144.1g) was charged into the flask 12 of the vapour-liquid equilibrium still 10 and the above procedure was applied. The liquid and vapour phases were analysed. The liquid and vapour molar fractions were determined to be as follows:
Table 7:
This translates to a relative volatility of 10.7 for the system methyl acetate/methanol in the ternary system shown above, the methyl acetate being the distillate.
Experiment 8
A methyl acetate/methanol mixture with a molar ratio of 0.34:1 has a relative volatility of 2.2.
The separation was effected by using water as an extractive distillation solvent.
After sampling in experiment 7, the mixture left in the apparatus was boiled up again (5 to 6 hours) and the vapour and liquid phases sampled. The liquid and vapour phases were analysed. The liquid and vapour molar fractions were determined to be as follows:
Table 8:
This translates to a relative volatility of 7.6 for the system methyl acetate/methanol in the ternary system shown above, the methyl acetate being the distillate.
Experiment 9
A methanol/methyl acetate mixture with a molar ratio of 3.3:1 has a relative volatility of 0.43.
The separation was effected by using a suitable paraffin as an extractive distillation solvent.
A mixture of methanol (23.1g), methyl acetate (16.8g) and dodecane (234.5g) was charged into the flask 12 of the vapour-liquid equilibrium still 10 and the above procedure was applied. The liquid and vapour phases were analysed. The liquid and vapour molar fractions were determined to be as follows:
Table 9:
This translates to a relative volatility of 1.54 for the system methanol/methyl acetate in the ternary system shown above, the methanol being the distillate.
Experiment 10
A methanol/methyl acetate mixture with a molar ratio of 1 :1.03 has a relative volatility of 0.73.
The separation was effected by using a suitable amine as an extractive distillation solvent.
A mixture of methanol (6.5g), methyl acetate (15.4g) and hexamethylenediamine (181.2g) was charged into the flask 12 of the vapour-liquid equilibrium still 10 and the above procedure was applied. The liquid and vapour phases were analysed. The liquid and vapour molar fractions were determined to be as follows:
Table 10:
This translates to a relative volatility of 35.7 for the system methanol/methyl acetate in the ternary system shown above, the methanol being the distillate.