WO2000042710A1 - Emetteur de radiodiffusion en ondes courtes a haut rendement optimise pour les emissions de type numerique - Google Patents
Emetteur de radiodiffusion en ondes courtes a haut rendement optimise pour les emissions de type numerique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000042710A1 WO2000042710A1 PCT/FR2000/000009 FR0000009W WO0042710A1 WO 2000042710 A1 WO2000042710 A1 WO 2000042710A1 FR 0000009 W FR0000009 W FR 0000009W WO 0042710 A1 WO0042710 A1 WO 0042710A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- amplitude
- transmitted
- transmitter
- tube
- Prior art date
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
- H03F1/33—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion in discharge-tube amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
- H03F1/3241—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion using predistortion circuits
- H03F1/3247—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion using predistortion circuits using feedback acting on predistortion circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/24—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B2001/0408—Circuits with power amplifiers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high efficiency broadcasting transmitter optimized for digital type broadcasts. It applies in particular to the broadcasting of shortwave programs.
- Broadcast transmitters currently used in shortwave are optimized to have a very high efficiency during transmission ⁇ o in pure amplitude modulation with carrier residue.
- modulation 15 on the anode of the tube by the output of a modulator.
- the modulations currently used are known according to the abbreviations IML and PSM.
- the binary train which is conveyed depends on the coding of the audio signal which is carried out upstream as well as on the data which accompanies it.
- the method has the effect of appreciably improving the intrinsic quality of the reception of audio frequency signals as well as making it insensitive to harmful effects.
- the performance of the transmitters in terms of distortion, bandwidth and neutralization, means that the parasitic emissions in the channels close to that used by the the transmitter are too high.
- the amplitude channel presents cusps which, too, require a large bandwidth of the amplitude channel, typically at least equal to three times the bandwidth. of the signal sent.
- the major concern of the manufacturers of transmitters is the efficiency, to which are generally sacrificed the linearity and the phase distortion due to the approximate neutrodynage of the output tube.
- a class A transmitter can be considered as a pure amplifier whose input is modulated by a low level high frequency signal and which provides at its output a high level replica of the input signal which is directly injected into the antenna system. the transmitter.
- DOHERTY type transmitters use two coupled tubes, both working in a high efficiency mode.
- a 90 kw transmitter of this type marketed under the trademark RCA, is still operating in the broadcasting station of
- This transmitter comprises two symmetrically phase-modulated tubes, and an output formed by the combination of the outputs of the two tubes which is modulated exclusively in amplitude, with however a phase modulation residue which is not perceptible by current commercial receivers. Again, this arrangement is dedicated to amplitude modulation broadcasting with carrier residue. But economically it is considered unattractive because it requires the use of two power tubes at the transmitter outlet.
- the idea behind the invention is to accept a reduction in the overall efficiency of the transmitter for low amplitude signals by maximizing it for signals of higher amplitude which cause the greatest energy consumption.
- This objective is achieved by modifying the excitation device of the grid of the power tube of the transmitter so that the latter has a variable behavior depending on the level of the signal applied to the input of the transmitter.
- the excitation device behaves like a simple linear amplifier when the signal to be transmitted is of low amplitude and works in a saturated mode when the signal to be transmitted has a significant amplitude. Under these conditions, the operating point of the transmitter power tube and its anode voltage are adjusted so that:
- the anode voltage is constant and not too low for the power tube to work linearly or almost linearly, acting as an amplifier of the output signal of the excitation device, the latter also acting as a amplifier,
- the anode voltage is modulated in proportion to the modulus of the signal to be transmitted.
- the object of the invention is to use a transmitter which meets these various criteria.
- the subject of the invention is a digital signal broadcasting transmitter comprising a power tube whose gate is excited by a variable phase signal through an excitation device and whose anode is modulated in amplitude by the output signal of a modulator, the phase and the amplitude of the signals applied respectively to the grid and the anode of the tube being representative of the phase and the amplitude of a complex signal to be transmitted, characterized in that the excitation device has a linear amplification characteristic for low amplitudes of the signal to be transmitted and works in saturated mode when the amplitude of the signal to transmit exceeds a determined threshold value, so that the amplification characteristic of the transmitter as a whole remains linear regardless of the amplitude of the signal to be transmitted.
- the transmitter according to the invention mainly has the advantage of a simple implementation requiring only the possible modification of the exciter of the power tube of standard transmitters if it is not sufficiently linear.
- the overall output of the transmitter remains high since it works most of the time in the same way as in conventional solutions, namely as a switch. It is only when the power consumption is low that the efficiency also begins to decrease.
- Another advantage is that the approximate linearity of the emission chain, both in amplitude and in phase, can be very easily corrected after an initial and possibly periodic calibration phase which makes it possible to determine the exact values of the signals lm (t) , Qm (t) and A (t) to be sent respectively to the complex exciter input modulator and to the amplitude modulator.
- the transmitter according to the invention can transmit any waveform, from pure digital to standard amplitude modulation, via hybrid versions simultaneously transmitting any proportions of pure digital signal, carrier residue of any level and frequency, analog audio signal in amplitude modulation, single sideband or attenuated sideband.
- FIG. 1 the principle implemented in the invention for carrying out a transformation of a transmitter transmitting in amplitude modulation into a transmitter transmitting digital signals.
- FIG. 2 is a graph representing a transmission of a signal with several amplitude and phase states by a transmitter conforming to that represented in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 an embodiment of a transmitter according to the invention.
- the transmitter represented in FIG. 1 comprises a power tube 1 whose grid is excited by an excitation device 2 and whose anode is amplitude modulated by a modulator 3.
- a control device 4 generates the signals necessary for the phase control of the excitation device 2 and in amplitude of the modulator 3 from the real component l (t) and the imaginary component Q (t) of the complex signal to be transmitted.
- the phase modulation of the grid of the tube 1 is obtained from the sine and the cosine of the phase angle ⁇ calculated by the conversion device 4 and applied to the first operand inputs of multiplier circuits 6 and 7.
- Second operand inputs of the multiplier circuits 6 and 7 respectively receive two sinusoidal signals of constant amplitude and frequency equal to that supplied by the synthesizer 5 but which are 90 ° out of phase with respect to each other.
- the amplitude modulation of the anode of the tube 1 is obtained by applying to it, via the modulator 3, a signal A 1 proportional to the module of the complex signal to be emitted defined by the relation:
- the signal S 1 (t) is then applied to a transmitting antenna 9 through a tuning and coupling device 10.
- the signal obtained on the anode of the tube 1 has significant distortions, in particular at low amplitudes relative to the signal which is applied to the input of the transmitter. This results in both due to the non-linearity of the amplification curve of the tube 1 which is polarized in class C and the fact that the excitation device and the tube 1 itself both act as switches in order to obtain a very good yield. It is indeed at low amplitudes in the vicinity of the zero values of the imaginary parts I and Q of the complex signal to be transmitted that the phase of the signal varies most rapidly, which means that a very large passband of the phase modulated channel is required. It is also in the vicinity of the origin that the amplitude modulation of the tube has the most turning points which also require a large bandwidth of the amplitude channel, typically at least three times the bandwidth of the signal. issued.
- the parasitic capacitances between the anode and the grid of the power tube introduce a complementary phase shift which is a function of the output amplitude of the power tube 1. It follows in the case of a transmission of a signal complex which comprises several regularly spaced amplitude and phase states, distortions of the type shown in FIG. 2.
- the emission device shown in FIG. 3 includes, like that shown in FIG. 1 where the homologous elements have the same references, a power tube 1 whose grid is excited by an excitation device 2 and whose anode is amplitude modulated by a modulator 3.
- the excitation device 2 and the modulator 3 are controlled by a control device 4.
- the emission device of FIG. 3 includes, like that shown in FIG. 1 where the homologous elements have the same references, a power tube 1 whose grid is excited by an excitation device 2 and whose anode is amplitude modulated by a modulator 3.
- the excitation device 2 and the modulator 3 are controlled by a control device 4.
- the emission device of FIG. 1 includes, like that shown in FIG. 1 where the homologous elements have the same references, a power tube 1 whose grid is excited by an excitation device 2 and whose anode is amplitude modulated by a modulator 3.
- the excitation device 2 and the modulator 3 are controlled by a control device 4.
- control device 4 delivers respectively on an operand input of the two multiplier circuits 6 and 7 the real part l m and the imaginary part Q m of a complex signal l m + j Q m and on the other hand, applies a signal A (t) representative of its module to the input of the modulator 3.
- a (t) (A 0 2n + (l m 2 + Q m 2 ) n ) 1 / 2n
- the control device 4 also determines a signal X for polarizing the grid of the tube 1 which is determined as a function of the amplitude of the complex signal l d (t) + Q d (t) of the signal to be transmitted.
- the bias voltage of the gate is positive and that of the anode is close to A 0 which makes the power tube 1 conductive whereas for the amplitudes of the modulation signal greater than a determined threshold value the bias voltage of the grid becomes negative and the tube of power then operates in switching mode at the rate of modulation.
- the thick line curve represents the amplitude at the output of the transmitter.
- the impact on the signal spectrum in amplitude and phase is shown in Figures 5 and 6.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00900222A EP1142137A1 (fr) | 1999-01-12 | 2000-01-05 | Emetteur de radiodiffusion en ondes courtes a haut rendement optimise pour les emissions de type numerique |
CA002360335A CA2360335A1 (fr) | 1999-01-12 | 2000-01-05 | Emetteur de radiodiffusion en ondes courtes a haut rendement optimise pour les emissions de type numerique |
JP2000594201A JP2002535868A (ja) | 1999-01-12 | 2000-01-05 | デジタル放送に最適化された高性能短波放送用送信機 |
US09/868,918 US6993086B1 (en) | 1999-01-12 | 2000-01-05 | High performance short-wave broadcasting transmitter optimized for digital broadcasting |
HR20010523A HRP20010523A2 (en) | 1999-01-12 | 2001-07-12 | High performance short-wave broadcasting transmitter optimised for digital broadcasting |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9900240A FR2788390B1 (fr) | 1999-01-12 | 1999-01-12 | Emetteur de radiodiffusion en ondes courtes a haut rendement optimise pour les emissions de type numerique |
FR99/00240 | 1999-01-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000042710A1 true WO2000042710A1 (fr) | 2000-07-20 |
Family
ID=9540787
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2000/000009 WO2000042710A1 (fr) | 1999-01-12 | 2000-01-05 | Emetteur de radiodiffusion en ondes courtes a haut rendement optimise pour les emissions de type numerique |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6993086B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1142137A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002535868A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2360335A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2788390B1 (fr) |
HR (1) | HRP20010523A2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000042710A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10035041B4 (de) * | 2000-07-19 | 2006-07-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Einstellung von Sendeparametern von einem Sender für digitale Rundfunksignale |
JP4533759B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-22 | 2010-09-01 | パナソニック株式会社 | データ変換器、およびデータ変換方法、ならびにそれらを用いた送信回路、通信機器、および電子機器 |
EP2567637B1 (fr) * | 2006-10-13 | 2014-08-06 | Gentherm Incorporated | Lit de conditionnement d'air |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0482502A2 (fr) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-04-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Amplificateur de puissance et appareil radio mobile équipé d'un tel amplificateur |
US5438686A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1995-08-01 | Thomcast Ag | Amplitude-modulated broadcast transmitter for various types of modulation, in particular DSB, SSB and ISB |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3801732A (en) * | 1971-11-22 | 1974-04-02 | J Reeves | Method and apparatus for scrambled television |
FR2283592A1 (fr) | 1974-08-27 | 1976-03-26 | Thomson Csf | Dispositif extracteur de synchronisation et systeme de transmission d'informations comportant un tel dispositif |
FR2431229A1 (fr) | 1978-07-12 | 1980-02-08 | Thomson Csf | Dispositif de demodulation de signaux modules en deplacement de frequence et systeme de transmission comportant un tel dispositif |
FR2546001B1 (fr) | 1983-05-10 | 1985-07-05 | Thomson Csf | Demodulateur de signaux, a enveloppe constante et phase continue, modules angulairement par un train de symboles binaires |
CH667762A5 (de) * | 1985-02-14 | 1988-10-31 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Einseitenbandmodulationsverfahren, einseitenbandmodulator und rundfunksender. |
FR2604318B1 (fr) | 1986-09-23 | 1989-03-31 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif de synchronisation symbole et leur application a la demodulation symbole de messages numeriques |
FR2605769B1 (fr) | 1986-10-22 | 1988-12-09 | Thomson Csf | Operateur polynomial dans les corps de galois et processeur de traitement de signal numerique comportant un tel operateur |
FR2605818B1 (fr) | 1986-10-27 | 1992-09-18 | Thomson Csf | Codeur-decodeur algebrique de codes en blocs reed solomon et bch, applicable aux telecommunications numeriques |
FR2607987B1 (fr) | 1986-12-05 | 1989-02-10 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif de modulation et de demodulation a plusieurs etats, a niveau de protection ajustable |
FR2631146B1 (fr) | 1988-05-04 | 1991-05-10 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif de codage de l'energie du signal vocal dans des vocodeurs a tres faibles debits |
FR2631147B1 (fr) | 1988-05-04 | 1991-02-08 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif de detection de signaux vocaux |
FR2635420B1 (fr) | 1988-07-19 | 1990-10-19 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif de demodulation de signaux a enveloppe constante et phase continue modules angulairement par un train de symboles binaires, tolerant les derives de frequence |
CH675802A5 (fr) * | 1988-09-15 | 1990-10-31 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
FR2639306B1 (fr) * | 1988-11-18 | 1990-12-21 | Alsthom Gec | Systeme de transmission d'information d'initialisation, entre des installations fixes et des trains |
US5285208A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1994-02-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Power management system for a worldwide multiple satellite communications system |
FR2654542B1 (fr) | 1989-11-14 | 1992-01-17 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif de codage de filtres predicteurs de vocodeurs tres bas debit. |
FR2670313A1 (fr) | 1990-12-11 | 1992-06-12 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif pour l'evaluation de la periodicite et du voisement du signal de parole dans les vocodeurs a tres bas debit. |
FR2690551B1 (fr) | 1991-10-15 | 1994-06-03 | Thomson Csf | Procede de quantification d'un filtre predicteur pour vocodeur a tres faible debit. |
FR2738383B1 (fr) | 1995-09-05 | 1997-10-03 | Thomson Csf | Procede de quantification vectorielle de vocodeurs bas debit |
US5903188A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 1999-05-11 | Harris Corporation | Modulator having improved discharging unwanted capacitance |
-
1999
- 1999-01-12 FR FR9900240A patent/FR2788390B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-01-05 CA CA002360335A patent/CA2360335A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-01-05 EP EP00900222A patent/EP1142137A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-01-05 JP JP2000594201A patent/JP2002535868A/ja active Pending
- 2000-01-05 WO PCT/FR2000/000009 patent/WO2000042710A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-01-05 US US09/868,918 patent/US6993086B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-07-12 HR HR20010523A patent/HRP20010523A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0482502A2 (fr) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-04-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Amplificateur de puissance et appareil radio mobile équipé d'un tel amplificateur |
US5438686A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1995-08-01 | Thomcast Ag | Amplitude-modulated broadcast transmitter for various types of modulation, in particular DSB, SSB and ISB |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2360335A1 (fr) | 2000-07-20 |
EP1142137A1 (fr) | 2001-10-10 |
FR2788390A1 (fr) | 2000-07-13 |
HRP20010523A2 (en) | 2002-12-31 |
US6993086B1 (en) | 2006-01-31 |
FR2788390B1 (fr) | 2003-05-30 |
JP2002535868A (ja) | 2002-10-22 |
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