WO2000031580A1

WO2000031580A1 - Production method for liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal display device substrate and liquid crystal display device

Info

Publication number: WO2000031580A1
Application number: PCT/JP1999/006545
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kazuya Yoshimura; Makoto Nakahara; Takatoshi Kira; Daisuke Ikesugi; Akihiko Tateno; Masaki Ban; Hiroshi Murata; Masaaki Kubo
Original assignee: Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha; Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.; Nisshin Engineering Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 1998-11-25
Filing date: 1999-11-25
Publication date: 2000-06-02
Also published as: JP3494993B2; TW531680B; KR20010090850A

Abstract

A production method for a liquid crystal display device high in contrast and display uniformity, capable of disposing spacers uniformly on a substrate and uniforming a cell thickness over the entire substrate; a liquid crystal display device substrate; and a liquid crystal display device using it. A production method for a liquid crystal display device comprising the steps of applying a voltage with the same polarity as the charge polarity of spacers to a plurality of electrodes formed on a substrate and spreading the spacers by using a repulsive force acting on the spacers, the spacer being spread so that an electric field in the vicinity of an electrode area consisting of at least the electrodes on the substrate is almost equal to that in the center of the electrode area consisting of the electrodes.

Description

Specification

Method of manufacturing liquid crystal display device, substrate for liquid crystal display device, and liquid crystal display device

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which a spacer is selectively arranged by applying a voltage to an electrode, a substrate for a liquid crystal display device, and a liquid crystal display device. Background art

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a liquid crystal display device in which a spacer is arranged between a pair of insulating substrates on which electrodes are formed in order to maintain a constant distance between the pair of insulating substrates is known. Since the distance between this pair of green substrates, that is, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, affects the light transmittance, good display must be performed unless it is kept constant over the entire display area of the liquid crystal display device. Can not. For this reason, conventionally, a spacer such as glass fiber or a spherical plastic bead is disposed between a pair of insulating substrates so that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is kept constant over the entire display area. . These spacers are sprayed out of the nozzle together with a compressed gas after forming an alignment film and sprayed (dry spraying), or mixed with a volatile liquid to spray the liquid. And sprayed (wet spray) to be evenly distributed on the alignment film. Thereafter, a pair of insulating substrates is attached to each other, and a liquid crystal such as a nematic liquid crystal is filled between the pair of substrates in a state where the spacer is held between the pair of insulating substrates. However, if a spacer is arranged on the pixel electrode in the display area, light leaks from the spacer, which substantially reduces the aperture ratio, causing a problem such as uneven display or reduced contrast. Had occurred. As a result, in recent years, there has been active development of spacer spraying technology for controlling the cell thickness in order to improve the display quality of liquid crystal display devices.

As a method for solving this problem, JP-A-3-293333 and JP-A-4-204417 disclose that an electrode on one of the insulating substrates is charged, By spraying a charged spacer on an insulating substrate, A method of selectively arranging spacers in an area has been proposed. When a spacer is sprayed on a substrate for a liquid crystal display device using these methods, an appropriate repulsive force acts on the spacer in the display electrode region, and a gap where no electrode exists, that is, the spacer is formed between the electrodes. They are arranged evenly.

On the other hand, when manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, a transparent electrode pattern for display is formed on a substrate for liquid crystal display device that is arranged to face, and the transparent material for display is formed around the same pattern as the transparent electrode for display. Alignment mark for connecting electrode to TCP, alignment mark for alignment film and seal printing, alignment mark for bonding a pair of substrates for liquid crystal display, and presence / absence of transparent electrode for display A dummy electrode or the like was formed to prevent a difference in cell thickness due to this.

As shown in FIGS. 9 to 12, the electrode pattern formed on such an insulating substrate for a liquid crystal display device has a stripe shape in which an antistatic electrode 28 is connected to the insulating substrate 1. The display electrode 3, the dummy electrode 21 for adjusting the cell thickness, the functional electrode 27a, the functional electrode 27b, and the functional electrode 27c were formed. The dummy electrode 21, the functional electrode 27 a, the functional electrode 27 b, and the functional electrode 27 c are electrically floating (open circuit), respectively. No one was formed except for the necessary parts.

Therefore, according to the above-described method, in a region where there is no electrode provided in the vicinity of the display electrode region, or in an electrode (dummy electrode, functional electrode) region which exists in an electrically floating state, a smoother The repulsive force does not work on the display electrode, and the balance of the repulsive force with the display electrode region is broken, and the spreaders are concentrated and aggregated there. In other words, the spacer will be blown away when the repulsion does not work.

When substrates are bonded together in this state, there is a problem that the spacers are arranged intensively, the cell thickness of the agglomerated portion (the portion where no repulsive force acts) becomes large, and a uniform cell thickness cannot be obtained. Was. Summary of the Invention

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems and arranges the spacers evenly on the substrate to make the cell thickness uniform over the entire substrate. An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having high display uniformity, a substrate for a liquid crystal display device, and a liquid crystal display device using the same.

According to the present invention, a voltage having the same polarity as the charging polarity of the spacer is applied to a plurality of electrodes formed on a substrate, and the repulsive force acting on the spacer is used to spray the spacer. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the spraying of the spacer is performed by changing an electric field near at least an electrode region including the plurality of electrodes on the substrate to a center of the electrode region including the plurality of electrodes. This is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, which is made substantially uniform with the electric field of a part. The present invention is also a substrate for a liquid crystal display device used in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.

The present invention is also a liquid crystal display device manufactured by the above-described method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a spreader spraying apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the insulating substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view showing a lower left electrode on the insulating substrate in FIG. 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view showing the functional electrode 27a on the insulating substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention in FIG.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view showing the functional electrode 27c on the insulating substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a method of arranging a spacer by an electric field according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a conventional insulating substrate.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view showing the lower left electrode on the conventional insulating substrate in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the functional electrode 27 a on the conventional insulating substrate in FIG. It is an enlarged view.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged plan view showing the functional electrode 27a on the conventional insulating substrate in FIG. Explanation of reference numerals

1 Insulating substrate

3 Display electrode

4 color filer

5 Black matrix

6 Overcoat

7 LCD

8 Spacer

9 Alignment film

10 containers

1 1a nozzle

15 electrodes

17 Piping

18 conductor

21, 2 1 a, 21 b Dummy electrode

22 Display electrode area

23 Insulating film

24 Seal material

25 Sealer spacer

26 Common conducting wire

27 a, 27 b, 27 c Functional electrode

28 Electrostatic Discharge Electrode Invention Disclosure

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The present invention comprises applying a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of a spacer to a plurality of electrodes formed on a substrate, and spraying the spacer by using a repulsive force acting on the spacer. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, wherein the spraying of the stirrer makes the electric field near an electrode region formed of at least a plurality of electrodes on the substrate substantially uniform with the electric field at the center of the electrode region formed of the plurality of electrodes. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.

That is, by making the electric field in the vicinity of the electrode region composed of at least a plurality of electrodes substantially uniform with the electric field in the center of the electrode region composed of the plurality of electrodes, it becomes possible to uniformly disperse the spacers. It is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display device having excellent thickness uniformity.

Here, the vicinity of the electrode region composed of a plurality of electrodes on the substrate is not particularly limited. For example, it refers to the inside of the region including the dividing line to be the liquid crystal display device. The range may be determined in a timely manner so that it can be maintained. The range of the uniformity of the electric field may be appropriately determined in accordance with the specifications so that the uniformity of the cell thickness can be maintained. Note that the present invention can be applied whether the electric field is an attractive field or a combined field of repulsive force and attractive force.

Examples of the substrate include a glass substrate, a resin substrate, and a metal substrate having a plurality of electrodes on the surface thereof. However, when a metal substrate is used, it is necessary to provide an insulating layer on the metal substrate so that the electrodes formed on the surface are not short-circuited.

The above-mentioned electrode is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a transparent electrode and the like, and a transparent electrode having a linear shape can be used. In addition, a striped electrode formed by arranging linear transparent electrodes in parallel can be formed on a substrate. Striped electrodes are used as so-called display electrodes in liquid crystal display devices. The electrode region including the plurality of electrodes is a region forming an electrode group including a plurality of electrodes. When the plurality of electrodes are used as display electrodes, the electrode region is a display electrode region.

The spacer is not particularly limited. For example, metal fine particles; synthetic resin fine particles; inorganic fine particles; light-shielding fine particles in which a pigment is dispersed in a synthetic resin; fine particles colored with a dye; Fine particles that can be used; fine metal particles, fine synthetic resin Examples thereof include fine particles and the like whose surfaces are coated with metal, such as particles and inorganic fine particles, and are used for adjusting the cell thickness in a liquid crystal display device. The sprayer may be sprayed by either a dry method or a wet method. In the above wet spraying, the spacer is dispersed and dispersed in a mixed solvent such as water and alcohol, but even in this case, the spacer is charged, so that the effect of the present invention is not impaired. However, dry spraying is preferred because the larger the charge amount of the spacer, the better the placement accuracy.

In the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, it is preferable that a dummy electrode is provided without a gap in the vicinity of an electrode region including at least a plurality of electrodes on a substrate, and a voltage having the same polarity as the electrode including the plurality of electrodes is applied to the dummy electrode.

Therefore, it is possible to form an electric field even in a region where there is no electrode in the vicinity of the electrode region composed of at least a plurality of electrodes on the substrate, and it is possible to arrange a uniform spacer. The above-mentioned dummy electrode includes a conductive electrode arranged and formed outside an electrode region (electrode group) including a plurality of electrodes. At this time, the dummy electrode is preferably formed in a strip shape or a block shape. In the case where a dummy electrode having a cylindrical shape is provided, a spacer is not disposed at that portion due to repulsion, and it becomes difficult to control the cell thickness in the vicinity of an electrode region including a plurality of electrodes.

It is preferable that the dummy electrode is provided at right angles to the plurality of electrodes, and at Z or parallel to the plurality of electrodes.

In other words, by providing the dummy electrodes orthogonally and / or in parallel with the plurality of electrodes in the effective display area, the linear arrangement (effective display area) and the bent part (leading part) of the electrodes reduce the arrangement amount of the spacer. Variations can be avoided, and the number of spacers scattered in the effective display area can be made equal to the number of spacers scattered in the dummy electrode area. It is possible to arrange the spacer uniformly with the region. Here, it is preferable that the lead portion of the electrode is also linear. However, at present, it is indispensable to provide a bent part in the electrode for TCP connection.

In the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, it is preferable that a functional electrode is provided near an electrode region including at least a plurality of electrodes on a substrate, and a voltage having the same polarity as the plurality of electrodes is applied to the functional electrode.

That is, by applying a voltage of the same polarity to the plurality of electrodes to the functional electrodes, An electric field can also be formed on the conductive electrode, and uniform spacer arrangement can be achieved.

The functional electrode is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alignment mark for TCP connection, an alignment mark for division, an identification mark, an alignment mark for exposure, and an alignment mark for bonding. At this time, if the inside of the alignment mark is hollow, it is preferable to form a dummy electrode in that part as well.

In the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, at least one dummy electrode is provided in parallel with the plurality of electrodes outside an electrode region including a plurality of electrodes on a substrate, and a voltage having the same polarity as the plurality of electrodes is applied to the dummy electrode. Is preferred.

Therefore, it is possible to form a continuous electric field between the outermost electrodes of the plurality of electrodes and the center of the electrode region composed of the plurality of electrodes. It is possible to make the arrangement of the splicers uniform. At this time, the number of dummy electrodes provided in parallel is preferably as large as possible, but may be determined appropriately according to design rules.

In the above-described method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, it is preferable that an electrode region including at least a plurality of electrodes on the substrate and an electrode in the vicinity of the electrode region including the plurality of electrodes have substantially the same electrode width.

That is, it is possible to form a uniform electric field by making the width between the electrodes substantially the same in and around the effective display area.

In the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, it is preferable that the voltages applied to the electrodes and the plurality of electrodes in the vicinity of the electrode region including at least the plurality of electrodes on the substrate are the same.

Therefore, it is possible to form a uniform electric field, and the productivity is improved. In the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device described above, in order to apply a voltage to an electrode in the vicinity of an electrode region including at least a plurality of electrodes on a substrate and to apply a voltage to the plurality of electrodes, a common conduction is provided to an outer peripheral portion near an electrode region including a plurality of electrodes. Preferably, the wires are formed of the same material as the plurality of electrodes, and a voltage is applied to each of the electrodes.

Therefore, a liquid crystal display device can be manufactured with good cost performance and workability. In the above-described method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, it is preferable that the connection between the common conductive line and the plurality of electrodes is on the connection side of the plurality of electrodes with the external circuit, and that the other is connected to the inside of the sealing resin.

In other words, after laminating the spreader substrate and the opposing substrate, the connection with the external circuit is protected from electrolytic corrosion, and the other is not extended outside the seal resin. Does not occur. On the other hand, if the other part of the connection to the external circuit is connected to the common conductive line, it is necessary to protect the part from electrolytic corrosion after the substrate is cut.

The present invention is also a substrate for a liquid crystal display device used in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.

The present invention is also a liquid crystal display device manufactured by the above-described method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a spacer spraying apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention. A nozzle 11a for spraying and spraying the charged spacer 8 is provided at the upper end of a clean container 10 that is closed or close to it. A supply device (not shown) for supplying a spacer 8 and nitrogen gas is connected to the nozzle 11 a via a pipe 17. An insulating substrate 1 made of glass or the like on which the display electrode 3 is formed is disposed below the container 10, and a conducting wire 18 for applying a voltage to the display electrode 3 to form an electric field is provided. ing. Instead of applying a voltage to the display electrode 3 to form an electric field, the electric field may be formed by the electrode 15 provided in the spacer spraying device.

As a method of charging the spacer 8, a method of applying a voltage to the spacer 8 by applying a voltage to a charger (not shown) provided in the spraying device, or a method of charging the spacer with stainless steel And the like, and a method of charging by friction through a metal tube or a resin tube is known, and any of these methods may be used.

2 to 5 are schematic diagrams showing an electrode pattern according to the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, a striped display electrode 3 and a dummy electrode 2 are connected on the insulating substrate 1 so that a voltage is applied from a common conducting line 26 formed so as to surround the insulating substrate 1. 1 a, dummy electrode 2 1 b, functional electrode 27 a, functional electrode 27 b and functional electrode 27 c Is formed. Here, a common conductive line is provided as a means for applying a voltage to each electrode. However, other methods, for example, a voltage may be directly applied to each electrode using a probe pin or the like, A charging method may be used.

Further, the dummy electrodes 21a and 21b are electrodes provided without a gap to form an electric field in a region other than the display electrode, and in particular, the dummy electrode 2 lb is a continuous electrode in the display electrode region. In order to form the display electrodes, they are provided in parallel with the display electrodes in the same pattern as the display electrodes. The functional electrode 27a is an alignment mark for TCP connection, the functional electrode 27b is an alignment mark for exposure and bonding, and the functional electrode 27c is an alignment mark for cutting. . In this case, the dummy electrode and the functional electrode are simultaneously produced during the display electrode exposure and etching step.

Here, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the vicinity of the display electrode region on the insulating substrate is designed so as to have a range sufficiently including the functional electrode 27c, and is defined as a region surrounded by the common conductive line. I have. In the vicinity of the display electrode area, a dummy electrode 21 a to which a voltage of the same polarity as that of the display electrode 3 is applied is provided without a gap so that the electric field is the same as that in the center of the display electrode area. (2) The dummy electrode 21a is formed so as to be orthogonal to the display electrode 3. ③ A voltage having the same polarity as that of the display electrode 3 is also applied to the functional electrodes 27a, 27b, and 27c. A dummy electrode 21b is provided outside the display electrode 3 in parallel with the display electrode 3 so that a voltage of the same polarity as the display electrode 3 is applied to the dummy electrode 21b.にし The width between the electrodes of the display area and the electrodes in the vicinity of the display electrode area are made substantially the same, and ⑥The voltage applied to the display electrode 3 and various other ⑦The common conductive line 26 is formed of the same material as the display electrode 3, Connection between the through conducting line 2 6 and the display electrodes 3, a connecting portion side of an external circuit of the display electrode 3, and the other that has a limit of the sealing resin inside.

Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the charged spacer is moved and arranged in the valley of the repulsive force. Further, in the present invention, as described above, at least in the region including the vicinity of the display electrode region on the insulating substrate, Since a similar electric field is formed, It becomes possible to arrange a sensor. The solid line in FIG. 6 schematically shows the magnitude of the repulsive force applied to the spacer, and the magnitude of the repulsive force acting on the spacer is indicated by a semicircular “convex upward”. .

In the above embodiment, a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device is used. However, the present invention is not limited to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, such as a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device or a TFT type liquid crystal display device. Naturally, it can also be used in liquid crystal display devices. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to only these Examples. Example 1

As a pair of insulating substrates consisting of soda glass with external dimensions of 370 x 48 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm, one of the green substrates 1 has a black matrix 5 which is a light shielding film. A color filter 4 made of RGB and formed, and an overcoat 6 for protecting the color filter 4 were formed. On the overcoat 6, a stripe-shaped display electrode 3 made of ITO having a thickness of 300 nm was formed, and an alignment film 9 made of polyimide resin was further formed, followed by an alignment treatment.

On the other insulating substrate 1, an electrode pattern made of ITO having a thickness of 300 nm was formed, and an insulating film 23 was formed. In some cases, the insulating film 23 need not be formed. Further, an alignment film 9 made of a polyimide resin was formed and subjected to an alignment treatment. Here, as the electrode pattern, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, stripe-shaped display electrodes 3 are formed in the effective display area with a width of 270 / Xm and an interval of 30 / m. 1 a is formed with a line width of 35 m and a line interval of 35 / m without gaps, and a dummy electrode 2 1 b is displayed. Dummy electrodes 21a were arranged as much as possible around 7a, 27b and 27c. Further, an annular dummy electrode 21a was also arranged around the functional electrode 27b.

Then, on the other insulating substrate 1, as a spacer, synthetic resin fine particles are used. Using a certain BBS—60501—PH (manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.), the mixture was sprayed while being negatively charged. At this time, −2 kV was applied to the common conducting line 26 in FIG.

As a result, in the vicinity of the display electrode region (here, inside the common conductive line) set so that the electric field is uniform, the spacers are not aggregated and arranged, and the display electrode portion, the dummy electrode portion, They were evenly arranged on the functional electrode part.

On the other hand, a sealing material 24 was applied to the insulating substrate 1 on which the color filter 4 was formed by a screen printing method. Glass beads serving as spacers 25 in the seal were mixed into the seal material 24.

Next, the pair of insulating substrates 1 are bonded together, heated and pressurized at 180 ° (: 0.8 kg / cm ²⁾ , and after-baked at 150 ° C. The liquid crystal was cut along the cutting line to separate the parts, and then liquid crystal 7 was injected to produce a liquid crystal display device (shown in FIGS. 7 and 8) in which a pair of insulating substrates were bonded. In the manufactured liquid crystal display device, the spacers are uniformly distributed on the surface of the liquid crystal display device, have a uniform cell thickness, and no spacer is disposed on the display electrode. Comparative example 1 had high contrast and high quality display characteristics.

A liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in the example except that the conventional liquid crystal display device substrate shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 was used. As a result, the spacer is concentrated on the dummy electrode part, the functional electrode part, and the area where the electrode is not formed in the open circuit where the electric field is weak, or the spacer is completely disturbed due to the imbalance of the electric field. There was an area that was not created. The manufactured liquid crystal display had poor cell thickness uniformity. Industrial applicability

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a spacer can be arrange | positioned between electrodes, and it becomes possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display device, without sacrificing an aperture ratio. The same spacer arrangement as that of the display electrode region can be provided also in the region of, and it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device having a uniform cell thickness in the plane of the liquid crystal display device.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. Applying a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer to a plurality of electrodes formed on the substrate, and dispersing the spacer by using a repulsive force acting on the spacer. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the spraying of the spacer comprises: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, wherein the method is performed under substantially uniform electric field.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a dummy electrode is provided without any gap in the vicinity of an electrode region including at least a plurality of electrodes on the substrate, and a voltage having the same polarity as the electrode including the plurality of electrodes is applied to the dummy electrode. Of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.

3. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the dummy electrode is provided to be orthogonal to and / or parallel to the plurality of electrodes.

4. The liquid crystal according to claim 1, wherein a functional electrode is provided near at least an electrode region formed of a plurality of electrodes on the substrate, and a voltage having the same polarity as the plurality of electrodes is applied to the functional electrode. A method for manufacturing a display device.

5. One or more dummy electrodes are provided in parallel with the plurality of electrodes outside an electrode region including a plurality of electrodes on the substrate, and a voltage having the same polarity as the plurality of electrodes is applied to the dummy electrodes. 2. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein:

6. The electrode region formed of at least a plurality of electrodes on the substrate and the electrode width in the vicinity of the electrode region formed of the plurality of electrodes are made substantially equal in width between the electrodes. 5. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to 5.

7. An electrode in the vicinity of an electrode region comprising at least a plurality of electrodes on a substrate and the electrode 7. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the voltages applied to the plurality of electrodes are the same.

8. In order to apply a voltage to the electrode in the vicinity of the electrode region consisting of at least a plurality of electrodes on the substrate and to apply a voltage to the plurality of electrodes, a common conductive line is formed around the electrode region near the electrode region consisting of the plurality of electrodes. 8. The method for producing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is formed of the same material as described above, and a voltage is applied to each electrode.

9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 8, wherein the connection between the common conductive line and the plurality of electrodes is on a connection side of the plurality of electrodes with an external circuit, and the other is up to the inside of the sealing resin. Manufacturing method.

10. A substrate for a liquid crystal display device, which is used in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.

11. A liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.