WO2000027755A1 - A composition for purification treatment of waste water, and a method for preparation thereof - Google Patents

A composition for purification treatment of waste water, and a method for preparation thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000027755A1
WO2000027755A1 PCT/IT1999/000354 IT9900354W WO0027755A1 WO 2000027755 A1 WO2000027755 A1 WO 2000027755A1 IT 9900354 W IT9900354 W IT 9900354W WO 0027755 A1 WO0027755 A1 WO 0027755A1
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Prior art keywords
waters
range
weight
acrylamide
composition
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Application number
PCT/IT1999/000354
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French (fr)
Inventor
Yakar Edison Derago
Original Assignee
Ecosistema S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ecosistema S.R.L. filed Critical Ecosistema S.R.L.
Priority to AU12943/00A priority Critical patent/AU1294300A/en
Publication of WO2000027755A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000027755A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a composition to be used for purification treatment of waste industrial waters, sewer waters, surface and underground waters, as well as to a specific method for preparing this composition, substantial characteristic of such method being the order according to which the individual components of the composition are added and the admixing procedure thereof.
  • This invention relates to the purification treatment of contaminated water resulting from various sources, such as the industrial source waters, the municipal source waters (sewer waters) and broadly all waters containing contaminant materials, of organic or inorganic type.
  • the problem of water contamination is a long lasting problem, which is particularly severe in ail circumstances where a water supply is needed and, in this respect, a complete range of processes and products are available in the prior art for their purification treatment.
  • the purification treatment methods for waste waters differentiate from one another according both to the type and the amount of contaminant materials contained in the waters to be treated and to the final contents thereof in the waters resulting from the treatment, such contents obviously depending on the desired final use of the waters resulting from the treatment.
  • the waters to be treated contain contaminant materials in the form of colloids dispersed in solution or suspension, due to the electric charges existing on their surfaces as well suspension, due to the electric charges existing on their surfaces as well as to their chemical-physical type interactions with the waters themselves (solvatation) which make the formation of larger particles and consequently their coagulation with resulting precipitation and sedimentation impossible.
  • any very small particles and colloidal materials upon eliminating their surface charges hindering their agglomeration, cluster themselves together to form clots and flocks that are sufficiently big for them to precipitate and to be collected upon filters.
  • a flock develops an active adsorbent effect on colloids that results into coloration of the water, on bacteria, on any other undesirable substances that are consequently removed.
  • the coagulation can be natural, can be caused by softly stirring the waters rich in organic substances and in iron, or it can be obtained by chemical means, usually by adding suitable amounts of a coagulant agent selected among iron, aluminium or calcium salts, in order to form flocks of insoluble hydroxides or basic salts.
  • the amount of the coagulant agent depends on the chemical and physical characteristics of the waters to be treated, on the equipment and on the apparatuses or tanks to be used. If it is desired to improve the characteristics of the coagulation flocks, it is convenient to add polymeric or copolymeric components having different chemical and physical characteristics, that can be of neutral type (polyacrylamide), of anionic type (polyacrylates) or of cationic type (alkyl ammonium polymeric salts).
  • the function of these polymers or copolymers is substantially to form bridges between the coagulation flocks, thereby causing an increase in their size with consequent increase in their sedimentation speed.
  • composition includes the following components and it is prepared by admixing the components in the following order:
  • the composition includes:
  • Copolymers of acrylamide and salified acrylic acid suitable for use in the composition according to this invention correspond to the following broad formula m and they are commercially available under the designations Ecoclar 8001 , 8002 and 8003 from Ausimont S.p.A., at Milan, Italy.
  • waste waters to be purified can be of various sources (waters for domestic use, including hygienic and sanitary waters and therefore waters mixed with solid and liquid residuals, rain water as well as waters produced as waste residuals of industrial processes) and even if such waters can have various chemical and microbiological compositions, they can possibly be preliminary subjected to conventional treatment processes (preparatory treatment, sifting, sand removal, oil removal), in respect of coarse solids, and to a primary treatment (primary sedimentation), in respect of finer solids, and thereafter they all will be subjected to the same treatment with use of the composition of this invention.
  • conventional treatment processes preparatory treatment, sifting, sand removal, oil removal
  • primary treatment primary sedimentation
  • the purification process is carried out as follows.
  • the composition according to this invention is added to and dispersed in the water to be treated in amount of 1% or more, according to the contamination level, and the resulting dispersion is stirred at room temperature.
  • An immediate clarification of the water is obtained in view of the combined effects of flocculation and coagulation developed by the aluminium sulphate hydrate and by the organic polymers included therein, which form flocks of mixed composition (hydroxides, salts, insoluble bases adsorbed on the polymer macromoiecules).
  • the pH value of the waters is generally around 9 due to the presence of calcium hydroxide.
  • the particles of active vegetable carbon develop an adsorption activity, thereby eliminating all organic substances, the hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), the mercaptans and any malodorous effluent components.
  • H 2 S hydrogen sulphide
  • mercaptans mercaptans
  • any malodorous effluent components In few seconds, two layers are formed: a layer of purified water, which is suitably recovered and reused, and a layer of shovelable muds, having very low toxicity characteristics, that can be further treated in order modify their physical characteristics, while their final intended use, for which an enhancement step can also be provided (use in agricultural field, recovery of valuable substances, composting, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, disposal into sea water or in a controlled dump or burning or burial), will depend of course on the source of the waters subjected to the purification treatment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Subject matter of this invention is a composiiton for purification treatment of industrial waste waters, sewer waters, surface and underground waters including: i) calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and/or bentonite, individually or in combination, in powered form, in the range of about 60 to 90 % by weight, in total, ii) active vegetable carbon in the range of about 10 to 20 % by weight, iii) aluminium sulphate hydrate (Al2(SO4)3 x 18H2O) in the range of about 7 to 11 % by weight, iv) homopolymers of acrylamide or copolymers of acrylamide and salified acrylic acid in the range of about 0.1 to 1 % by weight.

Description

A COMPOSITION FOR PURIFICATION TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER, AND A METHOD FOR PREPARATION THEREOF.
Field of the Invention This invention relates to a composition to be used for purification treatment of waste industrial waters, sewer waters, surface and underground waters, as well as to a specific method for preparing this composition, substantial characteristic of such method being the order according to which the individual components of the composition are added and the admixing procedure thereof.
Description of the invention
This invention relates to the purification treatment of contaminated water resulting from various sources, such as the industrial source waters, the municipal source waters (sewer waters) and broadly all waters containing contaminant materials, of organic or inorganic type.
The problem of water contamination is a long lasting problem, which is particularly severe in ail circumstances where a water supply is needed and, in this respect, a complete range of processes and products are available in the prior art for their purification treatment. The purification treatment methods for waste waters differentiate from one another according both to the type and the amount of contaminant materials contained in the waters to be treated and to the final contents thereof in the waters resulting from the treatment, such contents obviously depending on the desired final use of the waters resulting from the treatment.
Without deeply analysing the details of the individual stages of the prior art methods and of the functions of the various treatment products, it is believed sufficient to mention in this respect the substantial principles of the coagulation and flocculation processes that are determinative of the water treatment times.
In most practical cases, the waters to be treated contain contaminant materials in the form of colloids dispersed in solution or suspension, due to the electric charges existing on their surfaces as well suspension, due to the electric charges existing on their surfaces as well as to their chemical-physical type interactions with the waters themselves (solvatation) which make the formation of larger particles and consequently their coagulation with resulting precipitation and sedimentation impossible.
During coagulation, any very small particles and colloidal materials, upon eliminating their surface charges hindering their agglomeration, cluster themselves together to form clots and flocks that are sufficiently big for them to precipitate and to be collected upon filters. A flock develops an active adsorbent effect on colloids that results into coloration of the water, on bacteria, on any other undesirable substances that are consequently removed. The coagulation can be natural, can be caused by softly stirring the waters rich in organic substances and in iron, or it can be obtained by chemical means, usually by adding suitable amounts of a coagulant agent selected among iron, aluminium or calcium salts, in order to form flocks of insoluble hydroxides or basic salts. The amount of the coagulant agent depends on the chemical and physical characteristics of the waters to be treated, on the equipment and on the apparatuses or tanks to be used. If it is desired to improve the characteristics of the coagulation flocks, it is convenient to add polymeric or copolymeric components having different chemical and physical characteristics, that can be of neutral type (polyacrylamide), of anionic type (polyacrylates) or of cationic type (alkyl ammonium polymeric salts). The function of these polymers or copolymers is substantially to form bridges between the coagulation flocks, thereby causing an increase in their size with consequent increase in their sedimentation speed.
Even if processes and products for purification treatment of waste waters are well known in the art, many drawbacks still exist in their application. The main drawbacks and disadvantages are due to the long times needed for coagulation and flocculation, up to sixteen hours, to not satisfactory clarification of the waters, to permanence of disagreeable odours in the waters after their treatment as well as to the presence of residual muds that tend to form solid deposits.
In view of all above, it is the object of this invention to provide a particular material composition adapted to eliminate all above mentioned drawbacks and disadvantages and to enable a rapid and effective purification treatment of industrial waste waters, of the municipal sewer waters as well as of any surface or underground waters.
It has been found that, particularly when the composition of this invention is used together with suitable apparatuses, which are no part of the present invention, it is possible to perform a continuous purification treatment of said waste waters, by feeding the waters to be purified to the apparatus inlet and by collecting the treated waters having the desired purity characteristics from the apparatus outlet.
The composition includes the following components and it is prepared by admixing the components in the following order:
1) Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in powdered form in the range of about 60 to 90% by weight,
2) active vegetable carbon in the range of about 10 to 20% by weight, 3) aluminium sulphate hydrate (AI2(SO4)3 x 18H2O) in the range of about 7 to 11 % by weight,
4) homopolymers of acrylamide or copolymers of acrylamide and salified acrylic acid in the range of about 0.1 to 1 % by weight.
According to a specific preferred embodiment of this invention, the composition includes:
75 % Ca(OH)2 in powdered form, 15 % active vegetable carbon in powered form, 9.5 % AI2(SO )3 x 18 H2O as crystals,
0.5 % homopolymers of acrylamide or copolymers of acrylamide and salified acrylic acid.
Copolymers of acrylamide and salified acrylic acid suitable for use in the composition according to this invention correspond to the following broad formula m
Figure imgf000006_0001
and they are commercially available under the designations Ecoclar 8001 , 8002 and 8003 from Ausimont S.p.A., at Milan, Italy.
As previously mentioned, even if the waste waters to be purified can be of various sources (waters for domestic use, including hygienic and sanitary waters and therefore waters mixed with solid and liquid residuals, rain water as well as waters produced as waste residuals of industrial processes) and even if such waters can have various chemical and microbiological compositions, they can possibly be preliminary subjected to conventional treatment processes (preparatory treatment, sifting, sand removal, oil removal), in respect of coarse solids, and to a primary treatment (primary sedimentation), in respect of finer solids, and thereafter they all will be subjected to the same treatment with use of the composition of this invention.
The purification process is carried out as follows. The composition according to this invention is added to and dispersed in the water to be treated in amount of 1% or more, according to the contamination level, and the resulting dispersion is stirred at room temperature. An immediate clarification of the water is obtained in view of the combined effects of flocculation and coagulation developed by the aluminium sulphate hydrate and by the organic polymers included therein, which form flocks of mixed composition (hydroxides, salts, insoluble bases adsorbed on the polymer macromoiecules). The pH value of the waters is generally around 9 due to the presence of calcium hydroxide. During the homogenisation process, the particles of active vegetable carbon develop an adsorption activity, thereby eliminating all organic substances, the hydrogen sulphide (H2S), the mercaptans and any malodorous effluent components. In few seconds, two layers are formed: a layer of purified water, which is suitably recovered and reused, and a layer of shovelable muds, having very low toxicity characteristics, that can be further treated in order modify their physical characteristics, while their final intended use, for which an enhancement step can also be provided (use in agricultural field, recovery of valuable substances, composting, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, disposal into sea water or in a controlled dump or burning or burial), will depend of course on the source of the waters subjected to the purification treatment.
From the preparation method view point, as above mentioned, it has been found that the order according to which the individual components are added and the mixing level extended to optimum homogeneity after addition of each individual component are essential for the obtainment of a product capable to furnish the above quoted performances and adapted to long lasting storage while its performance characteristics remain unaltered. It has been found that, if, after addition of each individual component, the composition is not mixed to homogeneity, it is not possible to obtain at the end of the preparation process a globally homogeneous composition capable to furnish optimum performances.
Furthermore, it has surprisingly found that if bentonite is used, in stead of the calcium hydroxide or of a portion of it, by maintaining the above quoted percentages of the sum of both components in the final resulting formulation, the final composition is capable of the same performances in a purification treatment of waters.
This is effectively surprising in view of the known different chemical and physical characteristics of both components. By summarising the advantages that can be obtained by exploitation of the teachings of this invention, it can be said that
- a higher flocculation and clarification speed is obtained, together with
- an extended coagulation and adsorption range, under neutralisation of all bad odours (about 85%) with a single composition, - less amounts of mud residuals having very low toxicity and
- low operation costs.
This invention has been described by way of illustration and not by way of limitation according to its preferred embodiments, but it should expressly be understood that those skilled in the art can make variations and/or changes, without so departing from the scope thereof, as defined by the enclosed claims.

Claims

1.- A composition for purification treatment of industrial waste waters, sewer waters, surface and underground waters including i) calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and/or bentonite, individually or in combination, in powdered form, in the range of about 60 to 90% by weight, in total, ii) active vegetable carbon in the range of about 10 to 20% by weight, iii) aluminium sulphate hydrate (AI2(SO4)3 x 18H2O) in the range of about 7 to 11 % by weight, iv) homopolymers of acrylamide or copolymers of acrylamide and salified acrylic acid in the range of about 0.1 to 1 % by weight.
2.- A composition for treatment of waste waters according to claim 1 , characterised in that it includes: 75 % Ca(OH)2 and/or bentonite in powdered form,
15 % active vegetable carbon in powered form,
9.5 % AI2(SO4) x 18 H2O as crystals, and
0.5 % homopolymers of acrylamide or copolymers of acrylamide and salified acrylic acid.
3.- A composition for treatment of waste waters according to claim
1 or 2, characterised in that the copolymers of acrylamide and salified acrylic acid to be used in the composition are those corresponding to the following broad formula
Figure imgf000009_0001
4.- A method for preparation of a composition for purification treatment of industrial waste waters, sewer waters, surface and underground waters including i) calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and/or bentonite, individually or in combination, in powdered form, in the range of about 60 to 90% by weight, in total, ii) active vegetable carbon in the range of about 10 to 20% by weight, iii) aluminium sulphate hydrate (AI2(SO )3 x 18H2O) in the range of about 7 to 11 % by weight, iv) homopolymers of acrylamide or copolymers of acrylamide and salified acrylic acid in the range of about 0.1 to 1 % by weight, characterised in that the above listed components are added and mixed in the above mentioned order one after the other and upon addition of each component the mixing operation is continued up to homogeneity.
PCT/IT1999/000354 1998-11-09 1999-11-08 A composition for purification treatment of waste water, and a method for preparation thereof WO2000027755A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU12943/00A AU1294300A (en) 1998-11-09 1999-11-08 A composition for purification treatment of waste water, and a method for preparation thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ITRM98A000698 1998-11-09
IT1998RM000698A IT1302407B1 (en) 1998-11-09 1998-11-09 INDUSTRIAL, URBAN, SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER PURIFICATION PROCESS.

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004037729A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-05-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for making water treatment compositions and compositions thereof
US6960303B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2005-11-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Alum pellets
WO2007003053A1 (en) * 2005-07-05 2007-01-11 Roger H. Woods Limited Apparatus and process for the incorporation of a dry treatment product into a liquid waste
CN102603028A (en) * 2012-04-17 2012-07-25 西北师范大学 Application of palygorskite clay serving as adsorbent in treatment of picric acid waste water

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4415467A (en) * 1981-03-05 1983-11-15 Colloid Piepho Agent for the purification of waste waters and process for its production

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4415467A (en) * 1981-03-05 1983-11-15 Colloid Piepho Agent for the purification of waste waters and process for its production

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6881346B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2005-04-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods of treating phosphate in a body of water
US6960303B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2005-11-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Alum pellets
WO2004037729A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-05-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for making water treatment compositions and compositions thereof
WO2007003053A1 (en) * 2005-07-05 2007-01-11 Roger H. Woods Limited Apparatus and process for the incorporation of a dry treatment product into a liquid waste
US7901571B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2011-03-08 Woods Roger H Apparatus for the incorporation of a dry treatment product into a liquid waste
CN102603028A (en) * 2012-04-17 2012-07-25 西北师范大学 Application of palygorskite clay serving as adsorbent in treatment of picric acid waste water
CN102603028B (en) * 2012-04-17 2015-07-01 西北师范大学 Application of palygorskite clay serving as adsorbent in treatment of picric acid waste water

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IT1302407B1 (en) 2000-09-05
AU1294300A (en) 2000-05-29
ITRM980698A1 (en) 2000-05-09
ITRM980698A0 (en) 1998-11-09

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