WO2000021367A1 - Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof - Google Patents
Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000021367A1 WO2000021367A1 PCT/US1999/023719 US9923719W WO0021367A1 WO 2000021367 A1 WO2000021367 A1 WO 2000021367A1 US 9923719 W US9923719 W US 9923719W WO 0021367 A1 WO0021367 A1 WO 0021367A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- fertilizer composition
- core material
- process according
- nutrient
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to controlled release fertilizer compositions. More, particularly it relates to fertilizer compositions which exhibit release characteristics such that nutrients release from the fertilizer compositions in accordance with a Gaussian release rate curve essentially matching the growth rate pattern of plants to which the fertilizer is applied.
- the present invention also, relates to processes for the preparation of such fertilizer compositions. Furthermore, this invention provides methods for treating a plant under field conditions with a fertilizer which demonstrate a nutrient release pattern matching the growth rate pattern of the treated plant.
- Coated (or encapsulated) fertilizers are known to be very effective sources to provide controlled release of nutrients for the feeding of plants.
- the nutrients are released at controlled rates through the fertilizer's coating resulting in a sustained feeding of plants.
- controlled release fertilizers can provide the necessary nutrients for a plant that would take multiple applications of soluble fertilizers.
- One type of coated fertilizer in wide use is sulfur coated fertilizer, such as disclosed in US Patents Nos . 4,042,366; 4,636,242 and 5,405,426.
- the release of nutrients from sulfur-coated fertilizers occurs by diffusion through imperfections in the sulfur coating and through coating breakdown.
- the major advantage of the sulfur coated fertilizers is their relatively low cost.
- a second type of controlled release fertilizer utilizes solvent applied polymer coatings.
- the polymeric materials applied are either thermosetting resins or thermoplastics. Examples of solvent applied thermosetting resin coated fertilizers which are currently in use are disclosed in US Patents Nos. 3,223,518; 4,657,576 and 4,880,455; whereas examples of fertilizers having thermoplastic coatings are disclosed in US Patent 4,019,890.
- Another type of encapsulated fertilizer that exhibits good controlled release properties is latex coated granular fertilizers such as those disclosed in US Patents Nos. 4,549,897 and 5,186,732. Both solvent and latex applied polymer coated fertilizers offer important benefits over sulfur-coated products in regard to consistency of release rates. The majority of nutrient release is by diffusion through pores in the polymer coating, rather than release through coating imperfections.
- controlled release fertilizers allow for a rather uniform and consistent nutrient release, provided that the barrier properties of the polymer are sufficient.
- these release fertilizers after application to a plant, exhibit an initial rapid release of nutrients, followed by a decreasing rate of release during a succeeding period and a constant release at a sufficient level thereafter. Finally, the fertilizer granules become exhausted resulting in a further decrease in release rate.
- the accumulated nutrient release curves can be characterized mathematically by smooth quadratic (convex) curves. Such quadratic release curves have been transformed into release rate curves showing a continuous decrease in nutrient release.
- S-type (or sigmoid) curves are obtained.
- controlled release fertilizers which exhibit release of nutrients according to such S-type curve have required the presence of multiple coatings and/or the incorporation of specific additives in the coating.
- the text Controlled Release Fertilizers Wi th Polyolefin Resin Coating edited by Sadao Shoj i and Ambrosio T. Gandeza, published by Konno Printing Co., Ltd., Sendai, Japan, 1992, at page 30, teaches that multi-layered polyolefin-coated controlled release fertilizers exhibit S-type or sigmoid release curves as a result of the incorporation of specific chemicals in the coating. Products having a first and a second coating showing an S-type release curve are disclosed in US Patent No. 5,652,196.
- Another object of this invention is to provide processes for producing such new and improved single coating layer controlled release fertilizer products which release nutrients according to a Gaussian release rate curve over time .
- a further object of this invention is to provide a method for treating a plant species or plant variety with a fertilizer composition displaying a nutrient release rate pattern under field conditions which matches the growth rate pattern of the plant species or plant variety treated with the fertilizer so that the highest nutrient release rate occurs when the demand of the plant is the highest. Mathematically, this implies that the maximum nutrient release rate from the fertilizer composition will coincide with the time the growth of the plant is highest.
- a controlled release fertilizer composition comprising: i) a granular core material including at least one fertilizer nutrient compound, and
- a substantially water-insoluble coating consisting of a single layer of a uniform, substantially continuous polymer film, having no specific additives incorporated therein, applied on the core material, in which the fertilizer composition is structured to release the fertilizer nutrient compound according to a Gaussian nutrient release rate curve.
- the products of the present invention are characterized by the presence of only one layer of coating material, without the presence of specific additives.
- the fertilizer compositions display a nutrient release rate pattern according to a Gaussian curve. Consequently, the release rate (y) of the compositions can be represented by the equation:
- the fertilizer compositions of the present invention may be prepared by performing a standard coating process on a substantially spherical core material or by processing standard coated granular material to obtain substantially spherical granules.
- the fertilizer compositions of this invention may be produced by a coating process wherein a single layer coating is applied to standard granular material by varying the solids content of the coating material from a lower to a higher solid content over the period of coating application (e.g., by increasing the solids content of a film forming resin from about 50 percent to 60 percent over the period of application of a coating onto a granular core nutrient material) .
- Gaussian release fertilizer compositions are prepared by a process comprising : i) providing a granular core material comprising at least one water soluble fertilizer compound, and
- a substantially water-insoluble coating consisting of a single layer of a uniform, substantially continuous polymer film on the core material in a manner such that the fertilizer composition is structured to provide a Gaussian nutrient release rate curve with a maximum in nutrient release occurring a specific time after application.
- the granules are coated at a predetermined level in such a way that the nutrient release rate curve of the resulting fertilizer composition matches the growth rate curve of a plant species or variety treated with the fertilizer composition.
- the method comprises the following steps:
- determining the growth rate pattern of a plant species or variety to be treated with a fertilizer composition of the present invention expressed in percent per day as a function of the growth season, ii) determining the maximum in the growth rate pattern of the plant species or variety (i.e., element a in the above described equation) ,
- This method of treating plants is particularly useful for plant species or varieties which are grown in nursery stock and/or to plant species or varieties which are known to exhibit a Gaussian growth rate curve such as plants belonging to the group of conifers and evergreens.
- Figure 1 shows typical growth rate patterns of two plants which exhibit Gaussian growth rate curves (i.e., Thuja Brabant and Juniperis) .
- Figure 2 shows a comparison of the nutrient release rate curves of standard coated 17-10-13+ traces fertilizer compositions having 7.5 and 10 pph coatings applied thereto and of a 17-10-13+ traces fertilizer compositions having the same 7.5 and 10 pph coating weights as the standards except that these fertilizers are produced in accordance with the present invention as detailed in Example 1.
- Figure 3 shows a comparison of the nutrient release rate curves of a standard 7.5 pph coated 17-10-13+ traces fertilizer composition and of a 7.5 pph coated 17-10-13+ traces fertilizer composition produced in accordance with the present invention as detailed in Example 2.
- Figure 4 shows a comparison of the nutrient release rate curves of a standard 7.5 pph coated 17-10-13+ traces fertilizer composition and of a 7.5 pph coated 17-10-13+ traces fertilizer composition produced in accordance with the present invention as detailed in Example 3.
- Figure 5 illustrates the matching of the growth rate of a Thuja Brabant plant in the Netherlands with the release rate of a controlled release fertilizer product of the present invention exhibiting a Gaussian release rate and produced in accordance with the technique set forth in Example 5.
- the granular core material for use herein may contain any type of fertilizer core compound (s) .
- Known chemical fertilizers including potassium nitrate, potassium sulphate, urea, ammonium nitrate, monopotassium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, or fertilizers obtained from compounding a mixture of these fertilizers can be used.
- the fertilizers contain micronutrients or trace elements.
- the coating material applied can be based on any kind of material, thermoplastic or thermoset, which is able to form a uniform continuous polymer film.
- thermoplastic coating material may comprise: vinyl resins such as poly (vinyl acetate), poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride), poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) , poly(vinyl acetal) , poly(vinyl methylacetamide) , polyolefines such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene , styrene-based polymers, acrylic polymers, - polyesters such as poly (alkylene terephthalate) , poly (caprolactone) , poly(oxy alkylene)s, such as poly (ethylene oxide), poly (propylene oxide), cellulose derivatives, such as celluloseacetate, - polyamides, polyamines, polycarbonates, polyimides, polysulfones , - polysulfides, polysaccharides .
- vinyl resins such as poly (vinyl acetate), poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (vinyl
- thermosetting coating materials may comprise: - polyesters such as alkyds or modified alkyds, epoxy resins, urethane resins, aminoplastics .
- the coating may comprise non-specific additives (inert fillers), such as talc.
- the coating material may be applied from solution, or from dispersion. When applied from a solution, use of a solvent in which the resin dissolves at all temperatures is preferred, thus, making it possible to use resin solutions having a relatively high solids content (more than 40% by weight) .
- the coating may be applied to the fertilizer by a number of methods. However, in a most preferred embodiment of this invention, the coating process is performed in either a coating drum or a fluidized bed, such as a W ⁇ rster column.
- the (overall) thickness of the coating (s) applied on the fertilizer granules is preferably between about 5 and 110 ⁇ m; and more preferably, between about 25 and 90 ⁇ m. Typically, these values correspond to an amount of coating material applied of about 1 to about 20 pph by weight and about 4 to about 15 pph by weight, respectively.
- the coating level which is required by the present invention is obtained with one layer of coating material either by using specific core materials having a particular level of roundness and/or by employing a specific coating procedure as will be described in greater detail hereinafter.
- the granular core material has a regular shape, more preferably a substantially spherical shape, which enables the formation of a uniform, substantially continuous polymer film coating.
- Substantially round, granular core material may be obtained by processing a granular starting material in a spiral separator.
- the test employed herein for purposes of determining the roundness or sphericity of the granular core material is based on a particle shape classifier developed by Carpenter and Deitz (Research Paper).
- a device consisting of a turntable 20" in diameter was mounted at an angle of 9° with the horizontal.
- the turntable was rotated at 4 rpm.
- Granules were fed from a small belt feeder at 11.5 grams/min. onto the edge of the rotating turntable approximately 1" from the center on the counter clockwise side. This low feed rate allowed individual granules to roll on the turntable with a minimum of interference between each other.
- the granules were fed from the feeder into a glass funnel with a 7mmm opening and short bent at an angle of approximately 100°.
- the tip of the funnel was no more than 1/4" from the edge of the turntable and as close as possible to the turntable without touching.
- One hundred gram samples were used, and the turntable was cleaned after each sample with glass cleaner to reduce friction.
- the spherical granules were weighed and, thus, the percent of spherical granules was determined.
- standard, previously coated granular material having a substantially spherical shape may be employed to produce the fertilizers of the present invention which exhibit Gaussian nutrient release characteristics.
- Such coated granules may be obtained by processing standard coated granules in a spiral separator and sphericity of the coated granules is determined by the above-described Carpenter and Dietz test procedure.
- core materials and/or coated granular materials containing at least 95 weight percent of round granules or coated granules as determined by the foregoing Carpenter and Dietz test procedures when substantially spherical core materials are required for production of the Gaussian release rate fertilizers of the present invention.
- a polymeric coating material is applied to a granular core as a solution or dispersion of the polymer in a manner such that the rate of application of the polymer coating material is increased over time during the coating step.
- the rate of application of the polymer material may be increased in various manners.
- the core material contain at least 50 weight percent round granules as determined by the Carpenter and Dietz sphericity test procedures in order to achieve the fertilizer compositions of this invention.
- the polymer content of the solution or dispersion to be used for coating a granular core is increased during the coating step.
- the resin content of the solution is increased from a level of above 45-55% by weight at the beginning of the coating step to about 60-70% by weight at the end of the coating step.
- the resin content is increased linearly.
- the rate of addition of the polymer solution or dispersion is increased, as opposed to the polymer content, during the coating step.
- a granular NPK fertilizer comprising about 75% by weight of round particles was processed in a spiral separator prior to the coating process.
- the composition of the fertilizer was 17% N, 10% P 2 0 5 and 13% K 2 0.
- trace elements Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and MgO
- This fertilizer is abbreviated as 17-10-13+ traces in the following.
- the release rate curve of the 17-10-13+ traces coated and tested using the methods given above, is given in Figure 2, along with release data of a 7.5 pph coated standard product based on an NPK substrate that was not processed in a spiral separator before coating.
- the time of maximum release rate (the shape of the curve) can be varied according to the plant needs by varying the coating level.
- the maximum release rate was observed at a later time than was achieved with the 7.5 pph coated product of this invention.
- a 10 pph standard coated product produced in the same manner as the 7.5 pph coated product exhibited the same non-Gaussian nutrient release pattern as was demonstrated by the 7.5 pph product .
- This Example demonstrates the preparation of a controlled release fertilizer compositions which exhibit Gaussian release rate curves which are produced by treating fertilizer granules in a spiral separator prior to the application of an alkyd resin coating thereover.
- Example 2 A granular NPK fertilizer (17-10-13+ traces) , that was not treated in a spiral separator before coating, was coated with an alkyd resin in a coating drum as described in Example 1 to provide fertilizer granules having 7.5 pph coatings. After the fertilizer granules were coated, the coated granules were treated in a spiral separator to separate a fraction consisting of substantially round 7.5 pph coated granules .
- Example 3 A granular NPK fertilizer (17-10-13+ traces) , in which 75 weight percent of the granules were round as determined by the previously described Carpenter and Dietz test procedure, was coated with an alkyd resin in a coating drum. In a drum coater, 10 kg of this product was placed and heated. After reaching a temperature of 80°C, a solution of a modified unsaturated oil copolymer-based alkyd resin (an Osmocote-coating) in white spirit was pumped onto the fertilizer. At the beginning of the coating process, a more dilute solution (i.e., a solution containing less resin solids content) was used than at the end of the coating process. In total, 0.81 kg of solids was added to the fertilizer during the coating process, yielding a coating level of 7.5 pph (parts per hundred on a weight basis) . After coating the fertilizer was cooled down to room temperature .
- a granular NPK fertilizer (16-10-20) was coated with an acrylic dispersion, useful to obtain a coating with a very low water vapour transmission rate, in a fluidised bed.
- 9 kg of this granular 16-10-20 fertilizer was added into a pilot-scale fluidised bed W ⁇ rster-type column and pre-heated during 14 minutes at 70°C.
- An acrylic dispersion, 3200 g (1250 g on a dry solids basis) was applied to the fluidised NPK granules by spraying from the bottom of the bed at a starting rate of 42 g/minute . The rate of addition was gradually increased to 63 g/minute (after 37 minutes) and subsequently to 84 g/minutes (after 58 minutes) .
- Drying air flow rate was 8 L/minute and entered the bed at a temperature of 70°C.
- the total coating time was 58 minutes, which was followed by an additional 15 minutes of drying at an air inlet temperature of 70 °C and a 5 minute cooling phase using ambient air resulting in a product having a coating level of 12 pph.
- the release of the resulting product was determined as described in Example 1.
- the release rate data presented in Table 1 shows that a Gaussian type of release was obtained with a maximum in release rate occurring for the product of this example after 38 days.
- This example is to illustrate the matching of a growth rate pattern of a plant by a nutrient release rate curve of a controlled release fertilizer.
- the growth rate pattern of a Thuja Brabant plant is illustrated together with a nutrient release rate pattern of a product prepared according to the present invention.
- This particular controlled release fertilizer product was obtained according to a coating process as described in Example 1.
- the release rate of the coated fertilizer, composition of this invention is substantially identical to the growth rate pattern of the plant.
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000575364A JP2002527325A (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Controlled release fertilizer composition and its preparation process |
NZ511086A NZ511086A (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof |
HU0104738A HUP0104738A3 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof |
MXPA01003775A MXPA01003775A (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof. |
PL99347269A PL189788B1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof |
AU11100/00A AU752525B2 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof |
CA002346710A CA2346710C (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof |
IL14256199A IL142561A0 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof |
EP99954856A EP1123001B1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Controlled release fertilizer compositions |
NO20011824A NO319122B1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 2001-04-10 | Controlled release fertilizer compositions and methods for their preparation and use of the compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/172,055 | 1998-10-14 | ||
US09/172,055 US6139597A (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1998-10-14 | Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2000021367A1 true WO2000021367A1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
Family
ID=22626182
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US1999/023719 WO2000021367A1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6139597A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1123001B1 (en) |
JP (3) | JP2002527325A (en) |
AR (1) | AR020810A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU752525B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2346710C (en) |
CO (1) | CO5130032A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP0104738A3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL142561A0 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA01003775A (en) |
MY (1) | MY122172A (en) |
NO (1) | NO319122B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ511086A (en) |
PL (1) | PL189788B1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW568895B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000021367A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200102919B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
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US6787234B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2004-09-07 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Triggered start products and processes for the production and use thereof |
ES2533773T3 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2015-04-15 | Everris International B.V. | Nutrient products for the growth of shaped plants and procedures for their production |
AU2006249875B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2012-08-02 | Plant Protectants, Llc | Dithiocarbamates and phosphite formulations |
WO2008000492A2 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-03 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Coated fertilizer |
JP5425688B2 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2014-02-26 | 株式会社日立ソリューションズ | Map-linked fertilization design system |
PL229206B1 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2018-06-29 | Rogut Stanislaw | Controlled release fertilizer of ingredients and a method for manufacturing a controlled release fertilizer, and method of the fertilizer application |
EP4119529A1 (en) | 2012-08-20 | 2023-01-18 | CoteX Technologies Inc. | Manufacturing polymer coated controlled release fertilizers |
BR112015013462B1 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2021-03-16 | Universidad De La Frontera | process for the production of a controlled release nitrogen fertilizer using biochar as a renewable support matrix |
KR20150094745A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2015-08-19 | 도요 고무 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Artificial soil medium |
WO2019067452A1 (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-04 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Soil application of crop protection agents |
US11591276B2 (en) | 2018-09-09 | 2023-02-28 | Cotex Technologies Inc. | System and method for manufacturing polymer coated controlled release fertilizers |
CN113398837B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-07-12 | 山东净清源生物有机肥有限公司 | Organic fertilizer and preparation process thereof |
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1998
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1999
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- 1999-10-12 HU HU0104738A patent/HUP0104738A3/en unknown
- 1999-10-12 NZ NZ511086A patent/NZ511086A/en unknown
- 1999-10-12 AU AU11100/00A patent/AU752525B2/en not_active Expired
- 1999-10-12 JP JP2000575364A patent/JP2002527325A/en active Pending
- 1999-10-12 IL IL14256199A patent/IL142561A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-12 PL PL99347269A patent/PL189788B1/en unknown
- 1999-10-12 WO PCT/US1999/023719 patent/WO2000021367A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-10-12 MX MXPA01003775A patent/MXPA01003775A/en unknown
- 1999-10-12 CA CA002346710A patent/CA2346710C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-13 TW TW088117712A patent/TW568895B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-13 MY MYPI99004408A patent/MY122172A/en unknown
- 1999-10-14 AR ARP990105197A patent/AR020810A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-10-14 CO CO99065437A patent/CO5130032A1/en unknown
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2001
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- 2001-04-10 NO NO20011824A patent/NO319122B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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NO319122B1 (en) | 2005-06-20 |
PL189788B1 (en) | 2005-09-30 |
JP2015109849A (en) | 2015-06-18 |
IL142561A0 (en) | 2002-03-10 |
HUP0104738A3 (en) | 2003-03-28 |
EP1123001B1 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
CO5130032A1 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
MY122172A (en) | 2006-03-31 |
JP2002527325A (en) | 2002-08-27 |
EP1123001A4 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
CA2346710A1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
ZA200102919B (en) | 2002-07-09 |
CA2346710C (en) | 2009-08-11 |
AR020810A1 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
JP2012006831A (en) | 2012-01-12 |
MXPA01003775A (en) | 2002-05-06 |
PL347269A1 (en) | 2002-03-25 |
HUP0104738A2 (en) | 2002-04-29 |
AU752525B2 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
NZ511086A (en) | 2003-04-29 |
AU1110000A (en) | 2000-05-01 |
TW568895B (en) | 2004-01-01 |
EP1123001A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
NO20011824L (en) | 2001-06-06 |
US6139597A (en) | 2000-10-31 |
NO20011824D0 (en) | 2001-04-10 |
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