WO2000020120A1

WO2000020120A1 - Machine for crushing, mixture and treatment in general of materials by means of continuous centrifugal feed towards a tootheed device

Info

Publication number: WO2000020120A1
Application number: PCT/IT1998/000283
Authority: WO
Inventors: Orazio Bagnasco
Original assignee: Orazio Bagnasco
Priority date: 1998-10-01
Filing date: 1998-10-15
Publication date: 2000-04-13
Also published as: ITMI982107A1; IT1302573B1; AU9644698A

Abstract

Machine (10) for crushing, mixture and processing generally of various materials, consisting of a large pinion (55) freely rotating on a supporting shaft (50), having teeth of considerable width and pitch of considerable amplitude, that mesh with a crown gear (82, 83) having the same kinematic properties, mounted on the internal wall of a container (80) of a height substantially the same as that of said pinion (55) against which wall the material is continually pressed due to centrifugal force.

Description

Machine for crushing, mixture and treatment in general of materials by means of continuous centrifugal feed towards a toothed device

Machines used for breaking up, disintegrating, crushing, mixing and gen- erally treating various materials, both to reduce piece size and to obtain mixtures according to user requirements, are widely known. These machines present various problems both on account of their complexity, for compatiblity with a wide variety of materials and compositions, and due to difficulties over deciding how the operative parts, such as pounders, hammers, gears and others shall work in a continuous manner and throughout the entire mass of material.

Almost inevitably in fact treatment becomes concentrated on part of the material with little or insufficient action on the rest of it. This leads to formation of a heterogeneous mass but apart from that operative cycles are long and have to be repeated in order to achieve the desired results.

It also means that homogeneous treatment can only be achieved by forgoing simplicity of design and accepting the need for long and difficult processes. The above invention solves these problems both regarding simplicity of the machine and an optimum treatment of the materials put into it as will be explained below Subject of the invention is a machine for crushing, mixing and generally processing various materials inside a rotating container. The material is processed by a means acting on the container's internal wall against which said material is continually thrown by centrifugal force. The means acting on the internal wall of the container is advantageously a large pinion freely turning on a supporting shaft, having wide teeth, set at an ample pitch, that mesh with a crown gear possessing the same kinematic properties mounted on the internal wall of the container, and being of the same height as the pinion. The structure of the machine is substantially oblong and comprises two chambers, a rear chamber housing an electric ratiomotor and a front substantially cylindrical chamber inside which the container can freely turn. The front cylindrical chamber is formed mainly of a rear body, fixed to the rear chamber, having a forward vertical semicylindrical wall, and of a horizontal substantially U-shaped body at the front with a semi-cylindrical back opposite said vertical wall.

The container stands on a plate, turning freely round a central pin fixed to the base of the front cylindrical chamber, resting on balls loosely supported by said base. On the front vertical wall of the rear body, at a level halfway up the side of the container, is a series of vertical idling rollers projecting through apertures, while a crown gear, caused to rotate by the ratiomotor, projects through another aperture made at the level of external teeth, low down on the side of the container, whose kinematic properties are the same as those of said crown gear. The large pinion is supported by a short shaft fixed orthogonally to a first slider that moves inside a tubular arm turning on a rear hinge close to the rear edge of the front chamber in a diametral direction, between two helical compression springs, one making contact with the back end of said arm and the other being placed between the first slider and a second forward slider that slides when worked by a handwheel whose pin screws into a threaded hole made to receive it at the front end of said arm. By turning said handwheel, compression of the two springs therefore causes: - movement of the slider supporting the pinion which is pressed against the crown gear inside the container as it passes by said pinion,

- pressure by the upper part of the container against the idle rollers that project through the front wall of the rear body, - pressure by the lower external teeth on the container against the crown gear similarly projecting through said front wall.

All this determines rotation of the container by the ratiomotor and rotation of the pinion by the crown gear inside the container and therefore, due to centrifugal force, continuous feed of material towards the inner wall of the container causing continuous passage of said material between the crown gear mounted on said wall and the large pinion so determining the desired treatment.

The rear hingeing means for the tubular arm is formed of a horizontal shaft freely turning on sides fixed to the rear body of the machine On the forward chamber is a lid fixed to a low point on the tubular arm there being in said lid, more or less centrally at one side of the tubular arm, an aperture surrounded by a kind of hopper through which material to be processed can be put in even when the lid is closed. At one end of said shaft, close to one of the sides, is a tongue more or less parallel to the tubular arm; when the lid is raised said tongue can be fitted inside a hook-shaped part turning freely on a pin fixed to the same side which, by force of gravity, locks said tongue, and therefore the lid, in the open position. Both the teeth of the pinion and those of the crown gear are substantially shaped like an arc of a circle, as are also the wide spaces between one tooth and another, the pitch and join between the teeth of the crown gear being greater than the width of the teeth of the pinion. The invention offers evident advantages. Due to action by the large pinion against the crown grear on the internal wall of the container, where the material is treated, simple means are sufficient to ensure continuous feed of substantially all the materials automatically pressed by centrifugal force between said pinion and said crown gear. Not only therefore is practically all the material treated, but it is also automatically and repeatedly passed between the parts concerned, namely the teeth of the pinion and those of the crown gear until the desired effects have been achieved. Rotation of the container and of the pinion by means of said crown gear is also made extremely simple, these movements being chiefly brought about by thrust from the pinion against the crown gear. It follows that, by means of a single device, consisting of the pinion and crown gear, the chief effects produced by the machine are obtained, these being summarised as: rotation of the container, processing carried out by passage of the material between the opposing gears, recycling of the material between these gears until treatment has reached the desired level of quality. Structure of the container is simple so that it is easy to fit into the machine and just as easy to take out after use for emptying and cleaning. The whole machine is compact and simple and consequently, while Inexpensive to make, it is highly durable and provides excellent service over time. Characteristics and purposes of the invention will be made still clearer by the following examples of its execution illustrated by diagrammatically drawn figures.

Fig. 1 The machine with toothed means comprising a crown gear on the internal wall of a rotating container and a large pinion pressed against said wall, seen closed in perspective from above. Fig. 2 The machine half open, in perspective from above.

Fig. 3 Diagram showing teeth of the large pinion and of the crown gear .

Fig. 4 Exploded view of the machine.

Fig. 5 The machine when idle, closed, a longitudinal section.

Fig. 6 The machine ready for work, closed, a longitudinal section. The machine 10 consists of a substantially oblong structure with a base 14 comprising a rear chamber 11 to hold an electric ratiomotor 18 and a forward substantially cylindrical chamber 60 formed of a rear body 62 fixed to the rear chamber 11 and having a semicylindrical front wall 63, and a forward substantially U-shaped horizontal body 12 the back 13 of which is semicylindrical.

The ratiomotor 18 is operated by a control device 100 with controls 101 and 102 and a speed regulator 103 Rotating balls 66 project upwards from the base 67 of the forward chamber 60, on which balls the disk 73 with its central hole 74 rotates freely guided by the screw 75 screwed into the hole 76 in said base. The cylindrical container 80 rests on said disk 73, there being on the inside wall of said container, for the whole if its depth, a crown gear 82- 83 having wide join sections 83 between the teeth 82, the lower section of its external wall being toothed 81.

Placed on top of the forward chamber 60 is a longitudinal tubular arm 26, diametral in relation to said chamber, articulated on a rear hingeing means 20 formed of a horizontal shaft 20 supported by the sides 64 of the rear body 62

Said shaft 20 can be locked on the sides 64 by the threaded knob 22. At the front end of the tubular arm 26 is a handwheel 45 with thread 46 that screws into the bushing 35 sliding inside said arm and pressing against an internal helical compression spring 34. Said spring 34 makes contact with the forward end of the slider 31 that low down and orthogonally supports, by means of a screw 32, a short shaft 50 on which the large pinion 55 can freely rotate, said pinion having large teeth 56 of a length substantially equal to that of the teeth on the crown gear 82,83 inside the container 80. The pinion 55 cannot leave the pin 50 as it is held firmly in place by the washer 53 fitted onto said pin.

Next to the slider 31 in the tubular arm, there is another helical compression spring 30 that makes contact against the end of said arm. Said tubular arm supports the lid 90 over the forward chamber 60. When the lid is closed entry to the container 80 can be made through the hopper 93 fitted into the central oblong hole 94 in said lid. A seal ring 85 is laid on the edge of the container 80 to prevent material from leaving said container. When the machine is idle (Fig. 5) the large pinion 55 lies at a certain distance from the crown gear 82,83 inside the container 80. This distance is maintained by the two opposing springs 30 and 34. By rotating anti-clockwise the handwheel 45 the strength of the spring 34 becomes greater than that of spring 30 and therefore the pinion 55, supported by the pin 50, is moved by the slider 31 against the internal wall of the container 80 (Fig. 6) and meshes with the crown gear 82,83 mounted on said wall. Simultaneously the container 80 is pressed against the wall 63 of the rear body 62 and therefore, about halfway down its side, against the vertical idling rollers 65 projecting through the wall 63 of the rear body 62, and low down on its side, against the crown gear 70 also projecting through said wall 63, this latter meshing with the external teeth 81 around the base of said container 80. Rotation of the handwheel 45 has moved the square slider 40, with a lower hook 41 , till it connects with the hook 61 fixed to the forward wall 13 of the body 12 thus locking in place the lid 90 over the chamber 60. Turning on the electric ratiomotor 18 and adjusting its speed by the control device 100, the crown gear 70, meshing with the external teeth 81 on the container 80, causes said container to rotate, guided with minimum friction by the idling rollers 65 against which the outer wall of the container presses, said container then passing between said idling rollers and the pinion 55 in turn rotated by the internal teeth of the container. Action by the pinion 55 takes place on the internal peripheral area of the container 80 and therefore on the material which, moved by rotation of this latter, tends to be thrown against said area by centrifugal force. This ensures processing of practically all the material put into the container, said material being forced to pass between the teeth 56 and 82 on the pinion 55 and inside the container 80 respectively. The teeth are rounded, substantially like an arc of a circle, with an ample pitch, the join between them also being shaped as an arc of a circle. The radius of the teeth 56 on the large pinion 55 is appreciably smaller than that of the join 83 between teeth 82 in the crown gear 82,83 on the container.

The teeth 82 on said crown gear are shaped in an arc of a circle substantially equal to that of the join 57 between the teeth 56 on the pinion 55. To open the machine the handwheel 45 must obviously be rotated in the opposite direction to allow the square slider 40 to remove its hook 41 from the fixed hook 61 on the structure 12.

Having done this the lid that closes the opening can be raised as seen in Figure 2, hooking the hook 16 round the pin 17 fixed to the side 64 of the rear body 62 until it enters the slot 21 made for it on the shaft 20.

Claims

1. Machine (10) for crushing, mixture and treatment generally of various materials inside a rotating container (80) characterized in that the material is processed by a means (55) acting on the internal wall of the container (80) against which the material is continually thrown by centrifugal force.

2. Machine (10) as in claim 1 , characterized in that the means (55) acting on the internal wall of the container (80) is a large pinion (55) freely turning on a supporting shaft (50), having on it teeth (56) of considerable width set at a wide pitch that mesh with a crown gear (82-83) mounted on the internal wall of the container (80) and being of substantially the same height as the pinion (55).

3. Machine (10) as in claim 1 , characterized in that its structure (11 ,12) is oblong and comprises two chambers, a rear chamber (11) housing an electric ratiomotor (18) and a forward substantially cylindrical chamber (60) in which the container (80) can freely rotate.

4. Machine (10) as in claim 3, characterized in that the forward cylindrical chamber (60) is formed substantially of a rear body (62), fixed to the rear chamber (11), having a forward semicylindrical wall (63), and of a forward horizontal substantially U-shaped body (12) whose back (13) is in the shape of a semicylindrical vertical wall.

5. Machine (10) as in claim 3, characterized in that the container (80) stands on a disk (73) freely revolving round a central pin (75) fixed to the base (67) of the front cylindrical chamber (60), said disk resting on balls (66) freely supported by said base (67).

6. Machine (10) as in claims 1 , 3 and 5, characterized in that, in the forward vertical wall (63) of the rear body (62), at a level halfway up the side of the container (80), there is a series of vertical idling rollers (65) projecting from apertures (68) made for them, and a crown gear (70) rotated by the ratiomotor (18), projecting from another specially made aperture (69) at the level of external teeth (81) mounted round the base of said container (80) having equivalent kinematic properties.

7. Machine (10) as in claims 2, 3 and 6, characterized in that the large pinion (55) is supported by a short shaft (50) fixed orthogonally to a first slider (31) moving inside a tubular arm (26) substantially diametral to the forward chamber (60) and articulated on a rear hinge (20) close to the rear end of said forward chamber (60), said first slider (31) being situated between two helical compression springs (30, 34), one spring making contact with the end of said arm and the other placed between said first slider (31) and a second forward slider (35) moving when pressed by a handwheel (45) whose threaded pin (46) screws into a threaded hole made at the end of said second slider (35) so that on turning said handwheel (45), compression of the two springs (30, 34) moves the slider (31) that carries the pinion (55), thrust from this latter against the crown gear (82,83) of the container (80) as it passes by said pinion (55), thrust from the upper part of the container (80) against the idling rollers (65) projecting through the front wall (63) of the rear body (62) and simultaneously thrust from the lower external teeth round the container (80) against the crown gear (70) similarly projecting through said front wall (63), cause the container (80) to be rotated by the ratiomotor (18) and rotation of the pinion (55) by the crown gear (82, 83) in the container (80) and therefore, due to centrifugal force cause continuous feed of material to be processed towards the internal wall of the container (80) and therefore continuous passage of said material between the crown gear mounted on said wall and the large pinion (55) so ensuring the desired treatment of the material.

8. Machine (10) as in claims 3 and 7 characterized in that on the forward chamber (60) there is a lid (90) fixed low down to the tubular arm (26).

9. Machine (10) as in claims 3 and 7 characterized in that the rear hinge of the tubular arm (26) consists of a horizontal shaft (20) freely turning on sides (64) fixed to the rear body (62) of the machine (10) that, at one end close to one of the sides (64) presents a tongue (21) substantially orthogonal to the tubular arm (26), which tongue, when the lid (90) is raised, can be fitted inside a hook (16) freely turning on a pin (17) fixed to one of the two sides (64) that locks said tongue (21) by force of gravity and therefore the lid (90) in the open position.

10. Machine (10) as in claims 7 and 8, characterized in that substantially in the centre of the lid (90) at one side of the tubular arm (26) is an aperture (94) surrounded by a sort of hopper (93) through which material for processing can be put in even when the lid (90) is closed.

11. Machine (10) as in claim 2, characterized in that the teeth (56) of the pinion (55) and the teeth (82) of the crown gear (82,83) present a shape substantially that of an arc of a circle and joins (57, 83) of considerable amplitude, substantially equivalent to an arc of a circle, between said teeth (56, 82), and in that the join 83 between the teeth of the crown gear (82-83) presents an amplitude considerably greater than the width of the teeth (56) of the pinion (55).