WO2000017415A1 - Method of producing a wearing coat for cylinder barrels - Google Patents
Method of producing a wearing coat for cylinder barrels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000017415A1 WO2000017415A1 PCT/EP1999/006890 EP9906890W WO0017415A1 WO 2000017415 A1 WO2000017415 A1 WO 2000017415A1 EP 9906890 W EP9906890 W EP 9906890W WO 0017415 A1 WO0017415 A1 WO 0017415A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- wear layer
- base material
- wearing coat
- metal alloy
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/08—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a wear layer in the cylinder liners of light metal cylinders for internal combustion engines, a metal alloy forming the wear layer having a layer thickness of between 10 and 600 ⁇ m being applied to the inside of the cylinder space forming the cylinder liner
- DE 197 02 893 AI describes a process for the surface treatment of aluminum materials, according to which metals or metallic compounds are applied and inductively heated to temperatures below the solidus temperature of the base material and held for a long time. These substances should then diffuse into the base material and first form wear-reducing hard connections there with the base material.
- the present invention is based on the object of specifying a method of the type mentioned at the outset in which the connection of a wear layer to the light metal alloy of the cylinder is improved, the properties of the wear layer itself not being changed.
- this object is achieved according to the invention in that an electromagnetic alternating field with a frequency between 10 kHz and 5 MHz is used for a duration of 1 to 30 from within the cylinder space Seconds of exposure to the wear layer and that an interface area at the transition from the base material of the cylinder to the wear layer is partially melted with a liquid fraction of less than 50% and that interface diffusion processes are thereby generated.
- the interface area is heated for a very short time above the solidus temperature of the base material, but only partially melted so that the liquid content is below 50%, since otherwise the dimensional accuracy would be feared.
- the conductivity of light metal cylinder alloys is usually so great that the penetration depth of the electromagnetic waves is very small and is only about 1 to 10 ⁇ m. Electrical eddy currents are generated within this interface area, which in turn seek to prevent the field from penetrating according to Lenz's rule, so that the field strength of the penetrating electromagnetic alternating field decreases exponentially with increasing depth. A very strong local heating of the light metal alloy above its solidus point, essentially limited to the penetration depth, can be achieved by the eddy currents.
- the interface area in the transition between base material and wear layer is partially melted with a liquid content of less than 50%. Interface diffusion processes then take place in the transition area due to the increased mobility of the alloy components with increasing temperature. The processes described above take place within a very short period of time, limited to 1 to 30 seconds. They lead to a continuous metallurgical connection of the wear layer to the light alloy of the cylinder.
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device for
- Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of another device for performing the method according to the invention in a schematic representation.
- the figure shows a device designated overall by the reference number 2, which is regarded as independently establishing the invention, for generating and irradiating an alternating electromagnetic field in a wear layer or an underlying light metal alloy of a cylinder track of a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine.
- the device 2 is inserted into a cylinder bore in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder, that is to say in the direction of the arrow 4.
- the device comprises a carrier body 6 consisting of an outer tube 8 and an inner tube 10, the outer tube 8 having a flange-shaped section 11 with which the device 2 can be placed on the head side of the cylinder block (not shown).
- the outer tube 8 or that Inner tube 10 also represent the electrical coax feed to an induction coil 12 in the form of a waveguide 14 with a rectangular cross section, which is provided helically around the longitudinal axis.
- a field-concentrating means 16 in the form of ferrite cores for high-frequency alternating fields or in the form of laminated cores made of nickel alloy for alternating fields up to 50 kHz is provided, by which the occurrence of eddy currents within the induction device is to be largely avoided.
- the helical waveguide 14 also forms a conduit 18 for a coolant, which in the case shown is fed through the inner tube 10 and fed into the waveguide 14 in the region of its lower end. The cooling medium flows through the helical waveguide 14 and leaves the arrangement in the upper region between the inner tube 10 and the outer tube 8 in the axial direction.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further preferred arrangement of a device 20 for generating and irradiating an electromagnetic alternating field.
- this arrangement is advantageously designed with only a single internally cooled turn 22, ie the coil is as short as possible in the axial direction.
- the winding 22 has a pointed geometry in the area of its radially outer side facing the surface 24 to be treated.
- a heating zone that is circumferential in the circumferential direction, but extremely short in the axial direction, that is to say locally limited, can be achieved within the surface of the cylinder track.
- This device 20 is then moved in the axial direction 24 relative to the cylinder bore.
- the base material can be kept colder radially outside the interface area to be increased according to the invention via the solidus temperature. This proves to be advantageous since warpage of the component to be produced which occurs as a result of the treatment occurs to a lesser extent.
- a multi-wind coil with a field concentrator can also be used, which makes it possible to generate a very short heat input path in the axial direction 24. In any case, such an arrangement is moved relative to the coated and to be treated cylinder race.
- the arrangement 2 or 20 is introduced in the longitudinal direction 4 into a cylinder bore of an internal combustion engine.
- the arrangement 2 remains stationary, while the arrangement 20 is moved in the axial direction with respect to the cylinder race.
- Currents of several thousand amperes are briefly in the range between 10 kHz and 5 MHz for a period of 1 to 30 Seconds via the coaxial feed in or through the waveguide 14 generated 1 to 30 seconds.
- This alternating electromagnetic field penetrates the surface of a wear layer of a cylinder race and the base material of the cylinder race and heats an interface area into the heterogeneous area of one of the materials (above solidus temperature). This creates an intimate metallic bond between the metal of the base material of the cylinder block and the wear layer due to the interface diffusion processes that arise.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method of producing a wearing coat for cylinder barrels of light metal cylinders of internal combustion engines. According to this method, a metal alloy which has a thickness ranging from 3 to 150 νm and which forms the wearing coat is applied onto the inner side of the cylinder chamber forming the cylinder barrel. In order to improve the connection of the wearing coat to the cylinder alloy, the wearing coat is subjected to an electromagnetic alternating field with a frequency ranging from 10 kHz to 5 MHz and for a duration of 1 to 30 seconds inside the cylinder chamber, thereby partially melting an interface area between the base material of the cylinder and the wearing coat with a liquid share of less than 50 % and thus producing interface diffusion processes.
Description
Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Verschleißschicht bei Zylinderlaufbahnen Process for producing a wear layer in cylinder liners
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Verschleißschicht bei Zylinderlaufbahnen von Leichtmetall- Zylindern für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, wobei eine die Verschleißschicht bildende Metalllegierung mit einer Schichtdicke zwischen 10 und 600 μm auf die Innenseite des die Zylinderlaufbahn bildenden Zylinderraums aufgebracht wirdThe invention relates to a method for producing a wear layer in the cylinder liners of light metal cylinders for internal combustion engines, a metal alloy forming the wear layer having a layer thickness of between 10 and 600 μm being applied to the inside of the cylinder space forming the cylinder liner
Es war seither üblich, die Verschleißschicht in Form einer mit dem Leichtmetall des Zylinders umgießbaren Zylinderlaufbuchse aufzubringen. Die Anbindung der Laufbuchse an den Umguss des Zylinders ist jedoch problematisch und bildet stets eine Schwachstelle für diese Technologie.
Auch das Aufbringen von Verschleißschichten durch Plasma- oder Flammspritzen führten zu keiner vollständigen metallurgischen Bindung zwischen der Verschleißschicht und der Leichtmetalllegierung des Zylinders. Es besteht daher die Gefahr, dass sich die Verschleißschicht mechanisch ablöst. Auch das Problem der sog. Spaltkorrosion ist nach wie vor nicht zufriedenstellend gelöst.Since then, it has been customary to apply the wear layer in the form of a cylinder liner that can be cast around with the light metal of the cylinder. The connection of the liner to the encapsulation of the cylinder is problematic and is always a weak point for this technology. The application of wear layers by plasma or flame spraying did not lead to a complete metallurgical bond between the wear layer and the light metal alloy of the cylinder. There is therefore a risk that the wear layer will peel off mechanically. The problem of so-called crevice corrosion has still not been satisfactorily solved.
Die DE 197 02 893 AI beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Randschichtbehandlung von Aluminiumwerkstoffen, wonach Metalle oder metallische Verbindungen aufgebracht und induktiv auf Temperaturen unterhalb der Solidustemperatur des Grundwerkstoffes erwärmt und längere Zeit gehalten werden. Diese Stoffe sollen dann in den Grundwerkstoff diffundieren und dort mit dem Grundmaterial verschleißmindernde harte Verbindungen erst ausbilden.DE 197 02 893 AI describes a process for the surface treatment of aluminum materials, according to which metals or metallic compounds are applied and inductively heated to temperatures below the solidus temperature of the base material and held for a long time. These substances should then diffuse into the base material and first form wear-reducing hard connections there with the base material.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, bei dem die Anbindung einer Verschleißschicht an die Leichtmetalllegierung des Zylinders verbessert wird, wobei die Verschleißschicht in ihren Eigenschaften selbst nicht verändert wird.The present invention is based on the object of specifying a method of the type mentioned at the outset in which the connection of a wear layer to the light metal alloy of the cylinder is improved, the properties of the wear layer itself not being changed.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass von innerhalb des Zylinderraums ein elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld mit einer Frequenz zwischen 10 kHz und 5 MHz für eine Dauer von 1 bis 30
Sekunden auf die Verschleißschicht eingestrahlt wird und dass dadurch ein Grenzflächenbereich am Übergang vom Grundmaterial des Zylinders zur Verschleißschicht teilerschmolzen wird mit einem Flüssiganteil von weniger als 50 % und dass dadurch Grenzflächendiffusionsprozesse erzeugt werden. Der Grenzflächenbereich wird sehr kurzzeitig über die Solidustemperatur des Grundmaterials erhitzt, jedoch dabei nur teilerschmolzen so dass der Flüssiganteil unter 50 % liegt, da andernfalls eine Beeinträchtigung der Maßhaltigkeit zu befürchten wäre .In a method of the type mentioned, this object is achieved according to the invention in that an electromagnetic alternating field with a frequency between 10 kHz and 5 MHz is used for a duration of 1 to 30 from within the cylinder space Seconds of exposure to the wear layer and that an interface area at the transition from the base material of the cylinder to the wear layer is partially melted with a liquid fraction of less than 50% and that interface diffusion processes are thereby generated. The interface area is heated for a very short time above the solidus temperature of the base material, but only partially melted so that the liquid content is below 50%, since otherwise the dimensional accuracy would be feared.
Die Leitfähigkeit von Leichtmetallzylinderlegierungen, insbesondere von Aluminiumlegierungen ist üblicherweise so groß, dass die Eindringtiefe der elektromagnetischen Wellen sehr gering ist und nur etwa 1 bis 10 μm beträgt. Innerhalb dieses Grenzflächenbereichs werden elektrische Wirbelströme erzeugt, welche ihrerseits ein Eindringen des Felds nach der Lenzschen Regel zu verhindern suchen, so dass die Feldstärke des eindringenden elektromagnetischen Wechselfelds mit zunehmender Tiefe exponentiell abnimmt. Durch die Wirbelströme kann eine sehr starke lokale, im wesentlichen auf die Eindringtiefe begrenzte Erhitzung der Leichtmetalllegierung über ihren Soliduspunkt erreicht werden. Der Grenzflächenbereich im Übergang zwischen Grundmaterial und Verschleißschicht wird teilerschmolzen mit einem Flüssigkeitsanteil von weniger als 50 %. In dem Übergangsbereich finden dann Grenzflächendiffusionsprozesse
auf Grund der mit steigender Temperatur erhöhten Beweglichkeit der Legierungsbestandteile auf. Die vorstehend beschriebenen Prozesse finden innerhalb eines sehr kurzen, auf 1 bis 30 Sekunden begrenzten Zeitraums statt . Sie führen zu einer durchgehenden metallurgischen Anbindung der Verschleißschicht an die Leichtmetalllegierung des Zylinders.The conductivity of light metal cylinder alloys, in particular aluminum alloys, is usually so great that the penetration depth of the electromagnetic waves is very small and is only about 1 to 10 μm. Electrical eddy currents are generated within this interface area, which in turn seek to prevent the field from penetrating according to Lenz's rule, so that the field strength of the penetrating electromagnetic alternating field decreases exponentially with increasing depth. A very strong local heating of the light metal alloy above its solidus point, essentially limited to the penetration depth, can be achieved by the eddy currents. The interface area in the transition between base material and wear layer is partially melted with a liquid content of less than 50%. Interface diffusion processes then take place in the transition area due to the increased mobility of the alloy components with increasing temperature. The processes described above take place within a very short period of time, limited to 1 to 30 seconds. They lead to a continuous metallurgical connection of the wear layer to the light alloy of the cylinder.
Es besteht die Möglichkeit, die Verschleißschicht durch Plasmaspritzen oder Flammspritzen auf die Innenseite des Zylinderraums aufzubringen und anschließend eine metallurgische Anbindung durch lokales induktives Erhitzen gemäß der Erfindung durchzuführen - es ist zumindest auch theoretisch denkbar, die Verschleißschicht durch Walzplattieren auf die Innenseite des Zylinderraums aufzubringen .It is possible to apply the wear layer to the inside of the cylinder space by plasma spraying or flame spraying and then to carry out a metallurgical connection by local inductive heating according to the invention - it is at least also theoretically conceivable to apply the wear layer to the inside of the cylinder space by roll cladding.
Weiterhin wäre die Verwendung einer dünnwandigen Trägerbuchse, auf welche die Verschleißteilschicht aufgebracht wird, denkbar. Die Trägerbuchse wird wie eine konventionelle Laufbuchse eingegossen. Hierbei verklammert sich die Beschichtung mit dem Umguss . Bei der Bearbeitung des Kurbelgehäuses wird das Material der Trägerbuchse zerspant und somit die Verschleißschicht freigelegt .It would also be conceivable to use a thin-walled carrier bush to which the wear part layer is applied. The carrier bushing is cast in like a conventional bushing. The coating clings to the encapsulation. When machining the crankcase, the material of the carrier bush is machined and the wear layer is thus exposed.
Ferner könnte es sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, wenn die Verschleißschicht zuvor auf eine Pinole des Gießwerkzeugs buchsenförmig aufgespritzt würde.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den beigefügten Ansprüchen und der zeichnerischen Darstellung und nachfolgenden Beschreibung einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. In der Zeichnung zeigt:Furthermore, it could prove to be advantageous if the wear layer was previously sprayed onto a sleeve of the casting tool in the form of a bush. Further details, features and advantages of the invention result from the appended claims and the drawing and the following description of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention. The drawing shows:
Figur 1 eine Längsschnittansicht einer Vorrichtung zurFigure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device for
Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens; undExecution of the method according to the invention; and
Figur 2 eine Längsschnittansicht einer weiteren Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in schematischer Darstellung.Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of another device for performing the method according to the invention in a schematic representation.
Die Figur zeigt eine insgesamt mit dem Bezugszeichen 2 bezeichnete Vorrichtung, die als selbstständig erfindungsbegründend angesehen wird, zum Erzeugen und Einstrahlen eines elektromagnetischen Wechselfelds in eine Verschleißschicht bzw. eine darunterliegende Leichtmetalllegierung einer Zylinderlaufbahn eines Zylinderblocks einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine. Die Vorrichtung 2 wird in Zylinderlängsrichtung, also in Richtung des Pfeils 4, in eine Zylinderbohrung eingeführt. Die Vorrichtung umfasst einen Trägerkörper 6 bestehend aus einem Außenrohr 8 und einem Innenrohr 10, wobei das Außenrohr 8 einen flanschförmigen Abschnitt 11 aufweist, mit dem die Vorrichtung 2 kopfseitig auf dem nicht dargestellten Zylinderblock auflegbar ist. Das Außenrohr 8 bzw. das
Innenrohr 10 stellen zugleich die elektrische Koaxzuführung zu einer Induktionsspule 12 in Form eines Hohlleiters 14 mit rechteckigem Querschnitt dar, der schraubenförmig um die Längsachse herum vorgesehen ist. Zwischen den Windungen des Hohlleiters 14 ist ein feldkonzentrierendes Mittel 16 in Form von Ferrit-Kernen für hochfrequente Wechselfelder bzw. in Form von Blechpaketen aus Nickellegierung für Wechselfelder bis 50 kHz vorgesehen, durch welche das Auftreten von Wirbelströmen innerhalb der Induktionsvorrichtung weitestgehend vermieden werden soll. Der schraubenförmige Hohlleiter 14 bildet zugleich ein Leitungsmittel 18 für ein Kühlmittel, welches im dargestellten Fall durch das Innenrohr 10 zugeführt und im Bereich von dessen unterem Ende in den Hohlleiter 14 gespeist wird. Das Kühlmedium durchfließt den schraubenförmigen Hohlleiter 14 und verlässt die Anordnung im oberen Bereich zwischen dem Innenrohr 10 und dem Außenrohr 8 in axialer Richtung .The figure shows a device designated overall by the reference number 2, which is regarded as independently establishing the invention, for generating and irradiating an alternating electromagnetic field in a wear layer or an underlying light metal alloy of a cylinder track of a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine. The device 2 is inserted into a cylinder bore in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder, that is to say in the direction of the arrow 4. The device comprises a carrier body 6 consisting of an outer tube 8 and an inner tube 10, the outer tube 8 having a flange-shaped section 11 with which the device 2 can be placed on the head side of the cylinder block (not shown). The outer tube 8 or that Inner tube 10 also represent the electrical coax feed to an induction coil 12 in the form of a waveguide 14 with a rectangular cross section, which is provided helically around the longitudinal axis. Between the turns of the waveguide 14, a field-concentrating means 16 in the form of ferrite cores for high-frequency alternating fields or in the form of laminated cores made of nickel alloy for alternating fields up to 50 kHz is provided, by which the occurrence of eddy currents within the induction device is to be largely avoided. The helical waveguide 14 also forms a conduit 18 for a coolant, which in the case shown is fed through the inner tube 10 and fed into the waveguide 14 in the region of its lower end. The cooling medium flows through the helical waveguide 14 and leaves the arrangement in the upper region between the inner tube 10 and the outer tube 8 in the axial direction.
Figur 2 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine weitere bevorzugte Anordnung einer Vorrichtung 20 zum Erzeugen und Einstrahlen eines elektromagnetischen Wechselfelds. Diese Anordnung ist gegenüber der vorstehend beschriebenen in vorteilhafter Weise mit nur einer einzigen innengekühlten Windung 22 ausgebildet, d. h. die Spule ist in axialer Richtung so kurz wie möglich. Die Windung 22 hat im Bereich ihrer radial äußeren der zu behandelnden Oberfläche 24 zugewandten Seite eine spitz auslaufende Geometrie. Auf diese
Weise kann innerhalb der Oberfläche der Zylinderlaufbahn eine in Umfangsrichtung umlaufende, in axialer Richtung aber extrem kurze, also lokal stark begrenzte Aufheizzone erreicht werden. Diese Vorrichtung 20 wird dann in axialer Richtung 24 relativ zu der Zylinderbohrung bewegt. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß mit dieser spitz auslaufenden Geometrie das Grundmaterial radial außerhalb des erfindungsgemäß über die Solidus-Temperatur zu erhöhenden Grenzflächenbereichs leichter kälter gehalten werden kann. Dies erweist sich als vorteilhaft, da infolge der Behandlung erzeugte Verzüge des herzustellenden Bauteils in geringerem Maße auftreten.FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further preferred arrangement of a device 20 for generating and irradiating an electromagnetic alternating field. Compared to the one described above, this arrangement is advantageously designed with only a single internally cooled turn 22, ie the coil is as short as possible in the axial direction. The winding 22 has a pointed geometry in the area of its radially outer side facing the surface 24 to be treated. To this A heating zone that is circumferential in the circumferential direction, but extremely short in the axial direction, that is to say locally limited, can be achieved within the surface of the cylinder track. This device 20 is then moved in the axial direction 24 relative to the cylinder bore. It has been shown that with this tapering geometry, the base material can be kept colder radially outside the interface area to be increased according to the invention via the solidus temperature. This proves to be advantageous since warpage of the component to be produced which occurs as a result of the treatment occurs to a lesser extent.
Anstelle einer einwindigen Spule kann auch eine mehrwindige Spule mit einem Feldkonzentrator verwendet werden, der es ermöglicht, eine in axialer Richtung 24 sehr kurze Wärmeeintragsstrecke zu erzeugen. In jedem Fall wird eine derartige Anordnung relativ zur beschichteten und zu behandelnden Zylinderlaufbahn bewegt .Instead of a single-wind coil, a multi-wind coil with a field concentrator can also be used, which makes it possible to generate a very short heat input path in the axial direction 24. In any case, such an arrangement is moved relative to the coated and to be treated cylinder race.
Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Anordnung 2 bzw. 20 in Längsrichtung 4 in eine Zylinderbohrung einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine eingeführt. Die Anordnung 2 verbleibt stationär, während die Anordnung 20 gegenüber der Zylinderlaufbahn in axialer Richtung bewegt wird. Es werden kurzzeitig Ströme von mehreren Tausend Ampere im Bereich zwischen 10 kHz und 5 MHz für eine Zeitdauer von 1 bis 30
Sekunden über die koaxiale Zuführung in bzw. durch die Hohlleiter 14 1 bis 30 Sekunden erzeugt.To carry out the method according to the invention, the arrangement 2 or 20 is introduced in the longitudinal direction 4 into a cylinder bore of an internal combustion engine. The arrangement 2 remains stationary, while the arrangement 20 is moved in the axial direction with respect to the cylinder race. Currents of several thousand amperes are briefly in the range between 10 kHz and 5 MHz for a period of 1 to 30 Seconds via the coaxial feed in or through the waveguide 14 generated 1 to 30 seconds.
Dieses elektromagnetische Wechselfeld dringt in die Oberfläche einer Verschleißschicht einer Zylinderlaufbahn und das Grundmaterial der Zylinderlaufbahn ein und erwärmt einen Grenzflächenbereich ins heterogene Gebiet einer der Materialien (über Solidustemperatur) . Hierdurch wird auf Grund der sich einstellenden Grenzflächendiffusionsprozesse eine innige metallische Anbindung zwischen dem Metall des Grundmaterials des Zylinderblocks und der Verschleißschicht erzeugt .
This alternating electromagnetic field penetrates the surface of a wear layer of a cylinder race and the base material of the cylinder race and heats an interface area into the heterogeneous area of one of the materials (above solidus temperature). This creates an intimate metallic bond between the metal of the base material of the cylinder block and the wear layer due to the interface diffusion processes that arise.
Claims
1. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Verschleißschicht bei Zylinderlaufbahnen von Leichtmetall-Zylindern für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, wobei eine die Verschleißschicht bildende Metalllegierung mit einer Schichtdicke zwischen 10 und 600 μm auf die Innenseite des die Zylinderlaufbahn bildenden Zylinderraums aufgebracht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von innerhalb des Zylinderraums ein elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld mit einer Frequenz zwischen 10 kHz und 5 MHz für eine Dauer von 1 bis 30 Sekunden auf die Verschleißschicht eingestrahlt wird und dass dadurch ein Grenzflächenbereich am Übergang vom Grundmaterial des Zylinders zur Verschleißschicht teilerschmolzen wird mit einem Flüssiganteil von weniger als 50 % und dass dadurch Grenzflächendiffusionsprozesse erzeugt werden.1. A method for producing a wear layer in the case of cylinder liners of light metal cylinders for internal combustion engines, a metal alloy forming the wear layer having a layer thickness of between 10 and 600 μm being applied to the inside of the cylinder liner forming the cylinder liner, characterized in that from within the cylinder space alternating electromagnetic field with a frequency between 10 kHz and 5 MHz is irradiated on the wear layer for a duration of 1 to 30 seconds and that thereby an interface area at the transition from the basic material of the cylinder to the wear layer is partially melted with a liquid content of less than 50% and that as a result Interface diffusion processes are generated.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Leichtmetallzylinder aus Aluminiumlegierung gegossen ist und durch das eingestrahlte Wechselfeld eine Temperatur innerhalb des Grenzflächenbereichs von 500 bis 600 Grad C erzeugt wird.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the light metal cylinder is cast from aluminum alloy and a temperature within the interface area of 500 to 600 degrees C is generated by the incident alternating field.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Grenzflächenbereich mit einer Breite von 3 bis 15 μm auf Schmelztemperatur gebracht wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an interface area with a width of 3 to 15 microns is brought to the melting temperature.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metalllegierung durch Plasmaspritzen oder Flammspritzen auf die Innenseite des Zylinderraums aufgebracht wird.4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the metal alloy is applied to the inside of the cylinder space by plasma spraying or flame spraying.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metalllegierung durch Walzplattieren auf die Innenseite des Zylinderraums aufgebracht wird.5. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the metal alloy is applied by roll cladding on the inside of the cylinder space.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metalllegierung in Form einer von der Schmelze des Zylinders umgossenen Laufbuchse auf die Innenseite des Zylinderraums aufgebracht wird.6. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the metal alloy is applied to the inside of the cylinder space in the form of a sleeve encapsulated by the melt of the cylinder.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Frequenz des elektromagnetischen Wechselfeldes derart gewählt ist, dass die Eindringtiefe 15 bis 650 μm beträgt.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frequency of the alternating electromagnetic field is selected such that the depth of penetration is 15 to 650 microns.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Verschleißschicht z.B. eine Eisen-Basislegierung aufgebracht wird.
8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for example, an iron-based alloy is applied as the wear layer.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verschleißschicht Stoffe mit hoher Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit im Grundmaterial umfasst, insbesondere Lithium, Beryllium, Bor.9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear layer comprises substances with a high rate of diffusion in the base material, in particular lithium, beryllium, boron.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Grundmaterial gekühlt wird.10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base material is cooled.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass das Grundmaterial von der von der Verschleißschicht abgewandten Seite her gekühlt wird.
11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the base material is cooled from the side facing away from the wear layer.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99969454A EP1119651B1 (en) | 1998-09-17 | 1999-09-17 | Method of producing a wearing coat for cylinder barrels |
| DE59902003T DE59902003D1 (en) | 1998-09-17 | 1999-09-17 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WEARING LAYER IN CYLINDER CARRIERS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19842608.9 | 1998-09-17 | ||
| DE19842608A DE19842608A1 (en) | 1998-09-17 | 1998-09-17 | Production of a wear layer on the tracks of light metal cylinders for I.C. engines comprises radiating an electromagnetic field onto the wear layer and partially melting in a boundary surface layer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000017415A1 true WO2000017415A1 (en) | 2000-03-30 |
Family
ID=7881285
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1999/006890 WO2000017415A1 (en) | 1998-09-17 | 1999-09-17 | Method of producing a wearing coat for cylinder barrels |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1119651B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19842608A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000017415A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006006849A1 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Method for age hardening highly alloyed non-ferrous metals e.g. crankcase comprises carrying out inductive solution annealing with subsequent quenching |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB837299A (en) * | 1955-09-22 | 1960-06-09 | United States Steel Corp | Method of coating the interior of metal cylinders |
| US4490411A (en) * | 1983-03-14 | 1984-12-25 | Darryl Feder | Apparatus for and method of metalizing internal surfaces of metal bodies such as tubes and pipes |
| EP0745698A1 (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1996-12-04 | Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Corrosion and wear resistant iron alloy and method for preparing corrosion and wear resistant members using the same |
| DE19702893A1 (en) * | 1997-01-20 | 1998-07-23 | Johann Prof Dr Ing Grosch | Inductive surface alloying of aluminium component |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE529694C (en) * | 1931-07-16 | Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges | Method of heating metal rings | |
| DE973525C (en) * | 1951-11-01 | 1960-03-17 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag | Method for armoring valve cones |
| US3280758A (en) * | 1964-09-24 | 1966-10-25 | Sundstrand Corp | Cylinder block of a hydraulic unit and method of making same |
| DE1777228A1 (en) * | 1968-09-28 | 1971-05-27 | Schmidt Gmbh Karl | Method for joining different piston materials |
| DE2200003B2 (en) * | 1972-01-03 | 1977-09-15 | Karl Schmidt Gmbh, 7107 Neckarsulm | PROCESS FOR SURFACE FINISHING OF LIGHT ALLOY PISTONS |
| DE2362026A1 (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-06-26 | Aluminium Werke Ag | Surface hardening of aluminium (alloys) - by applying a metal coating followed by a fusion treatment |
| DE2501370C3 (en) * | 1975-01-15 | 1978-05-03 | Goetzewerke Friedrich Goetze Ag, 5093 Burscheid | Process for the production of cast iron machine parts with surfaces subject to friction and high wear resistance |
| US4234776A (en) * | 1978-07-12 | 1980-11-18 | Thermatool Corp. | Method of producing areas of alloy metal on a metal part using electric currents |
-
1998
- 1998-09-17 DE DE19842608A patent/DE19842608A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-09-17 DE DE59902003T patent/DE59902003D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-17 WO PCT/EP1999/006890 patent/WO2000017415A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-09-17 EP EP99969454A patent/EP1119651B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB837299A (en) * | 1955-09-22 | 1960-06-09 | United States Steel Corp | Method of coating the interior of metal cylinders |
| US4490411A (en) * | 1983-03-14 | 1984-12-25 | Darryl Feder | Apparatus for and method of metalizing internal surfaces of metal bodies such as tubes and pipes |
| EP0745698A1 (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1996-12-04 | Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Corrosion and wear resistant iron alloy and method for preparing corrosion and wear resistant members using the same |
| DE19702893A1 (en) * | 1997-01-20 | 1998-07-23 | Johann Prof Dr Ing Grosch | Inductive surface alloying of aluminium component |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1119651A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 |
| EP1119651B1 (en) | 2002-07-10 |
| DE59902003D1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
| DE19842608A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
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