WO2000016516A1 - Watermarking of digital images using wavelet and discrete cosine transforms - Google Patents

Watermarking of digital images using wavelet and discrete cosine transforms Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000016516A1
WO2000016516A1 PCT/US1999/020649 US9920649W WO0016516A1 WO 2000016516 A1 WO2000016516 A1 WO 2000016516A1 US 9920649 W US9920649 W US 9920649W WO 0016516 A1 WO0016516 A1 WO 0016516A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
watermark
image
wavelet
dct
transform
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/020649
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jong Won Kim
Jung Suck Cho
Han Ho Lee
Original Assignee
Markany Inc.
Lee, Sang, Ki
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1019980037273A external-priority patent/KR100289365B1/ko
Priority claimed from KR1019980037274A external-priority patent/KR100285077B1/ko
Application filed by Markany Inc., Lee, Sang, Ki filed Critical Markany Inc.
Priority to US09/786,823 priority Critical patent/US6975733B1/en
Priority to EP99969197A priority patent/EP1112636A4/en
Priority to JP2000570934A priority patent/JP2003505895A/ja
Priority to AU60311/99A priority patent/AU6031199A/en
Publication of WO2000016516A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000016516A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/387—Composing, repositioning or otherwise geometrically modifying originals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • G06T1/005—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
    • G06T1/0064—Geometric transfor invariant watermarking, e.g. affine transform invariant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • G06T1/005—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
    • G06T1/0057—Compression invariant watermarking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09C—CIPHERING OR DECIPHERING APPARATUS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PURPOSES INVOLVING THE NEED FOR SECRECY
    • G09C5/00—Ciphering apparatus or methods not provided for in the preceding groups, e.g. involving the concealment or deformation of graphic data such as designs, written or printed messages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/32154—Transform domain methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/32154—Transform domain methods
    • H04N1/3217—Transform domain methods using wavelet transforms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/32309—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations in colour image data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/3232—Robust embedding or watermarking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0052—Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N2201/3225—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document
    • H04N2201/3233—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N2201/3269—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of machine readable codes or marks, e.g. bar codes or glyphs
    • H04N2201/327—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of machine readable codes or marks, e.g. bar codes or glyphs which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N2201/328—Processing of the additional information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of watermarking of digital images in
  • WT wavelet transform
  • DCT discrete cosine transform
  • the present invention is concerned with watermarking of digital images.
  • Watermarking is a method developed to protect information by embedding additional information into the original information to be
  • Watermarking may be classified into visible watermarking and invisible
  • Watermarking (or digital signature) is a method used to mark the proprietary
  • the technologies developed to date for watermarking include the spatial method,
  • the spatial method has
  • the frequency domain method converts the digital data into the analog signals of
  • the watermark is spread over the audio or the digital image during the DCT
  • This method also utilizes the CDMA technique, in part, by spreading
  • the transform processes, that is, in JPEG, copying, scanning, scaling
  • the data compression stage that is, the watermark is considerably impaired in the data
  • the image processing such as image compression or cropping, dithering, color re- quantization or scaling compression and expansion, and the like.
  • It is yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method of digital
  • a watermark is embedded into a digital image by using wavelet
  • image processing operations such as compression, filtering and cropping.
  • the present invention comprises the steps of transforming the digital image
  • cosine transform are applied to watermarking black and white images and color images.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing discrete wavelet transform (WT) and inverse
  • IWT discrete wavelet transform
  • Figure 2 is a diagram showing the distribution of coefficients.
  • Figure 3 is a flow diagram showing an embodiment of watermarking using
  • Figure 4 is a flow diagram showing another embodiment of watermarking using
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing a digital watermarking process of a color image
  • Figure 6 is a flow diagram showing yet another embodiment of digital
  • a conventional method of making a watermark involves use a PRN (Pseudo
  • invention embeds a watermark of a general image, in facilitating the generation of a
  • the general image includes symbols such as photos, 2-D drawings, logo,
  • the present invention is implemented in the hardware environment using an IBM
  • PC Pentium MMX 166 and a scanner and in the software environment involving the use
  • inventive method can be implemented by computers made by various different
  • the present invention uses discrete cosing
  • DCT transform(DCT) to transform a watermark. While DCT has a similar characteristic as
  • DCT discrete cosine transform
  • DCT having a close relationship with high speed FFT, is used to encode signals or images.
  • DCT is widely used in the standard JPEG compression.
  • DCT is defined as follows:
  • two-dimension DCT is defined as follows:
  • DCT can be inverse-transformed and can be defined for one-dimension
  • a digital image is wavelet transformed (WT) before
  • a filter bank that facilitates fast wavelet
  • WT wavelet transform
  • wavelet transform continuous wavelet transform and discrete wavelet transform.
  • Continuous wavelet transform is defined as follows:
  • Scaling is related to frequency. Low scaling, i.e., compressed wavelet, extracts
  • Continuous wavelet transform cannot be realized in practice because there are infinite number of wavelet coefficients as a function of scaling and position translation.
  • WT wavelet transform
  • DCT discrete cosine transform
  • the watermarking method includes the
  • parameter ⁇ is used to adjust the spacing between the original image D(x) and the
  • watermark W(y) In accordance with the present invention, the following is used for
  • Example 1 Evaluation of watermark preservation after lossy compression of images
  • JPEG is a representative example of a lossy compression
  • watermarking method is commercially usable if no problem occurs after a lossy
  • Example 3 Effect on a watermark after resampling
  • Example 4 Effect on a watermark after cropping of an image block
  • the watermark image used in evaluating the digital watermarking algorithm was
  • the present invention showing the correlation of 99.85%) between the watermark with the
  • the present digital watermarking invention was used in watermarking color
  • the method includes the following steps of :
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternative schematic flow chart of
  • the method includes the following steps of:
  • scaling parameter ⁇ is used to adjust the spacing between the original image RGB(x) and
  • the present invention uses the following for easy conversion.
  • RGB(x)' RGB(x), + ⁇ W(y),
  • NSC Nice Technology, Superior Color
  • IEEE Computer Graphic & Applications
  • the correlation is defined as follows:
  • color images are compressed before being transmitted because
  • JPEG is a representative example of a lossy compression.
  • Example 7 Extraction of a watermark after a color image is converted from the RGB
  • RGB mode RGB mode
  • Example 8 Effect on a watermark after cropping of an image block
  • Example 9 Evaluation of the digital watermarking algorithm with a letter
  • WT wavelet transform

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Color Image Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Complex Calculations (AREA)
PCT/US1999/020649 1998-09-10 1999-09-10 Watermarking of digital images using wavelet and discrete cosine transforms WO2000016516A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/786,823 US6975733B1 (en) 1999-09-10 1999-09-10 Watermarking of digital images using wavelet and discrete cosine transforms
EP99969197A EP1112636A4 (en) 1998-09-10 1999-09-10 WATERMARK MARKING OF DIGITAL PICTURES USING WAVELET OR DISCRETE COSINE TRANSFORMATION
JP2000570934A JP2003505895A (ja) 1998-09-10 1999-09-10 ウェーブレット及び離散コサイン変換を用いたディジタルイメージのウォーターマーキング方法
AU60311/99A AU6031199A (en) 1998-09-10 1999-09-10 Watermarking of digital images using wavelet and discrete cosine transforms

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR37274 1998-09-10
KR1019980037273A KR100289365B1 (ko) 1998-09-10 1998-09-10 웨이브렛 변환 및 이산 코사인 변환을 이용한 디지털 영상이미지의 워터마킹방법
KR37273 1998-09-10
KR1019980037274A KR100285077B1 (ko) 1998-09-10 1998-09-10 웨이브렛 변환 및 이산 코사인 변환을 이용한 칼라이미지의 디지털 워터마킹 방법

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000016516A1 true WO2000016516A1 (en) 2000-03-23

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PCT/US1999/020649 WO2000016516A1 (en) 1998-09-10 1999-09-10 Watermarking of digital images using wavelet and discrete cosine transforms

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP1112636A4 (ja)
JP (1) JP2003505895A (ja)
KR (1) KR20010079788A (ja)
CN (1) CN1325577A (ja)
AU (1) AU6031199A (ja)
WO (1) WO2000016516A1 (ja)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000059148A1 (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-10-05 Markany Inc. Digital watermarking method and apparatus
CN104021516A (zh) * 2014-06-09 2014-09-03 河海大学 基于韦布尔模型的dct直流系数上图像水印方法

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KR100746018B1 (ko) * 1999-03-10 2007-08-06 디지맥 코포레이션 디지털 저작권 관리를 위한 신호 프로세싱 방법들, 디바이스들, 및 응용들
KR20030021534A (ko) * 2001-09-06 2003-03-15 주식회사 컨텐츠코리아 워터 마크 표기 부호 및 표기의 부호화 방법
KR20030032411A (ko) * 2001-10-18 2003-04-26 김선형 영상의 디지털워터마킹방법
CN100346322C (zh) * 2003-10-10 2007-10-31 刘彤 基于数字水印技术的数字图像复原方法
CN100381293C (zh) * 2005-06-09 2008-04-16 上海交通大学 基于数字水印技术的印刷制品防伪方法
US7747082B2 (en) * 2005-10-03 2010-06-29 Xerox Corporation JPEG detectors and JPEG image history estimators
CN1333371C (zh) * 2005-10-20 2007-08-22 李京兵 一种可抗几何攻击和常规攻击的数字水印方法
CN100452823C (zh) * 2006-11-29 2009-01-14 吉林大学 抗打印扫描大容量有意义数字水印实现方法
CN101042769B (zh) * 2007-01-12 2011-09-21 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 一种基于小波与dct双重域的主动式数字图像内容鉴别方法
CN101246587B (zh) * 2008-02-28 2012-05-23 复旦大学 超复数频域的有意义数字水印算法
CN103079066B (zh) * 2012-12-29 2016-06-01 北方工业大学 脊波变换与dct变换相结合的图像水印嵌入和提取方法
CN109151157B (zh) * 2017-06-28 2021-07-30 成都宇飞信息工程有限责任公司 一种多媒体数字水印取证手机
CN115052078A (zh) * 2022-05-27 2022-09-13 武汉兴图新科电子股份有限公司 一种基于数字水印技术的高保密网络摄像机

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000059148A1 (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-10-05 Markany Inc. Digital watermarking method and apparatus
US6839673B1 (en) 1999-03-29 2005-01-04 Markany Inc. Digital watermarking method and apparatus for audio data
CN104021516A (zh) * 2014-06-09 2014-09-03 河海大学 基于韦布尔模型的dct直流系数上图像水印方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20010079788A (ko) 2001-08-22
JP2003505895A (ja) 2003-02-12
EP1112636A4 (en) 2005-02-16
CN1325577A (zh) 2001-12-05
AU6031199A (en) 2000-04-03
EP1112636A1 (en) 2001-07-04

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