WO2000008317A1 - Device and method for igniting an internal combustion engine and corresponding separating wall - Google Patents

Device and method for igniting an internal combustion engine and corresponding separating wall Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000008317A1
WO2000008317A1 PCT/FR1999/001832 FR9901832W WO0008317A1 WO 2000008317 A1 WO2000008317 A1 WO 2000008317A1 FR 9901832 W FR9901832 W FR 9901832W WO 0008317 A1 WO0008317 A1 WO 0008317A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
prechamber
main
main chamber
ignition
mixture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1999/001832
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Pascal Higelin
Bruno Moreau
Cyril Robinet
Olivier Pajot
Original Assignee
Universite D'orleans
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universite D'orleans, Peugeot Citroen Automobiles filed Critical Universite D'orleans
Priority to EP99932975A priority Critical patent/EP1102923B1/en
Priority to AT99932975T priority patent/ATE252200T1/en
Priority to DE69912135T priority patent/DE69912135T2/en
Publication of WO2000008317A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000008317A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/54—Sparking plugs having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/16—Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to sub-groups F02B19/02 - F02B19/10
    • F02B19/18—Transfer passages between chamber and cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
    • F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
    • F02P9/007—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression by supplementary electrical discharge in the pre-ionised electrode interspace of the sparking plug, e.g. plasma jet ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ignition device and method for an internal combustion engine, as well as to a corresponding partition wall.
  • the device described comprises a main chamber containing a main fuel mixture and in which moves a piston and a prechamber receiving reagents and communicating with the main chamber through orifices made in a wall.
  • the ignition of the reactants in the prechamber produces jets of combustion gas, which ignite the main mixture contained in the main charge contained in the main chamber by convection of the flame front.
  • the present invention relates to an ignition device for an internal combustion engine which can have the following advantages compared to a conventional ignition device, involving a spark plug disposed in a chamber which contains reactive products:
  • the invention also relates to a partition wall between a prechamber and a main chamber, corresponding to the device of the invention.
  • the invention also relates to an ignition method for an internal combustion engine, having the aforementioned advantages.
  • an ignition device of an internal combustion engine comprising:
  • main chamber intended to contain a main combustible mixture and provided with a system for compressing this mixture
  • a prechamber intended to receive reagents, this prechamber communicating with the main chamber by at least one passage, and - a system for igniting the reagents contained in the prechamber.
  • the passages between the prechamber and the main chamber prevent the passage of a flame front while allowing the passage of unstable compounds originating from the combustion of the reagents contained in the prechamber.
  • the compression system of the main chamber and the seeding of the main mixture with unstable compounds allow mass self-ignition of the main mixture.
  • the ignition of the main mixture is not obtained by the propagation of a flame front, but by the seeding and the compression of the main engine mixture.
  • the self-ignition in a large volume allows a very rapid pressure build-up, low rattling and good repeatability.
  • the device according to the invention Compared to a compression ignition engine (Diesel engine), the device according to the invention eliminates the preparation phase of the main mixture consisting of an air-liquid mixture and the diffusive combustion phase. This considerably reduces the ignition times (heat transfer, vaporization) and can significantly reduce the production of soot.
  • the ignition device according to the invention thus brings together the advantages of the two major families of engines hitherto used: those with positive ignition and those with compression ignition.
  • the ignition system in the prechamber is preferably a spark gap system.
  • the successive implementation of the operations of supplying the prechamber and the main chamber respectively in the reactants and in the main mixture, igniting the reactants of the prechamber and compressing the main mixture inoculated with the unstable compounds is preferably cyclic.
  • the main mixture of the main chamber and the reagents of the prechamber consist of oxidizer-fuel mixtures, the mixtures of the prechamber and the main chamber being preferably respectively rich and lean.
  • the fuels are the same for the main mixture and for the reactants. In another embodiment, they are separate.
  • the ignition device comprises means of oxidant-fuel mixture upstream of the prechamber.
  • the main chamber is provided with means for introducing air, making it possible to mix in this chamber.
  • the compression system of the main chamber preferably comprises a piston system, which makes it possible to periodically increase the pressure in the main chamber and, consequently, the temperature.
  • the passage or passages between the prechamber and the main chamber have the function of producing a flame quenching by letting the unstable compounds pass.
  • Combustion in the prechamber generates unstable compounds as well as an increase in pressure.
  • the pressure in the prechamber is higher than in the main chamber, the unstable compounds are expelled into the main chamber.
  • the unstable compounds obtained by the combustion of the reactants in the prechamber include very active intermediate combustion products, capable of initiating the oxidation of the main mixture under the effect of compression by the piston, or other means of raising the temperature. .
  • a good efficiency of the ignition device implies a richness greater than 1 of the mixture contained in the prechamber, so as to make available a satisfactory quantity of unstable non-oxidized species.
  • the passages between the prechamber and the main chamber consist of orifices made in a partition wall impermeable to unstable compounds, these orifices having dimensions sufficiently small to cause flame extinction.
  • each of these orifices has a diameter less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • each of the orifices has a length less than or equal to its diameter. In this way, the least possible of compounds unstable are trapped on the walls.
  • length is meant the dimension of the orifices in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the partition wall.
  • the prechamber and the main chamber are separated by a partition wall chosen from a grid and a partition formed of a porous material.
  • the combustion engine advantageously has a volumetric ratio of between 9 and 15. This high volumetric ratio compared to traditional spark-ignition engines is possible thanks to the considerable reduction, or even elimination, of knocking. This ratio is thus close to that of a compression-ignition engine.
  • the ignition device comprises means for supplying the prechamber with a fuel-rich mixture and means for supplying the main chamber with a fuel-poor mixture.
  • This embodiment optimizes the performance of the ignition device, since a small amount of rich mixture contained in the prechamber is enough to ignite a large amount of lean mixture contained in the main chamber.
  • the richness of the rich mixture must not exceed the upper flammability limit and the richness of the lean mixture must not fall below the lower flammability limit.
  • propane being used as fuel the respective richnesses of the rich mixtures of the prechamber and poor of the main chamber are respectively slightly less than 1, 9 and greater than 0.55.
  • the ignition device according to the invention is advantageously coupled with other techniques, such as direct injection, G.P.L and / or stratification of the charge.
  • the invention also relates to a partition wall between a prechamber and a main chamber of an ignition device according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a method of igniting an internal combustion engine. According to this process:
  • a main combustible mixture is introduced into a main chamber and reagents into a prechamber communicating with the main chamber by at least one passage,
  • the main mixture is ignited from the combustion of the reactants.
  • unstable compounds from the combustion of the reactants are allowed to pass and any passage of a flame front, from the prechamber to the main chamber, is prevented by means of these passages, and
  • Figure 1 shows in section a cylinder of an internal combustion engine equipped with an ignition device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows an enlargement of the area surrounding the pre-chamber of the ignition device shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows comparative curves giving the cylinder pressure (in bar) as a function of the crankshaft angle (in DV or crankshaft degrees) over an average cycle, on the one hand for a traditional controlled ignition device with spark plug and on the other hand for an ignition device according to the invention, corresponding to Figures 1 and 2.
  • Figure 4 represents comparative curves giving the cylinder pressure (in bar) as a function of the volume of the chamber (in cm 3 ) on a medium cycle, for the same ignition devices as in Fig ure 3;
  • Figure 5 shows schematically the number of occurrences (in percentage) as a function of the combustion time of 5% (expressed in DV) of the main charge, for the same ignition devices as those of Figures 3 and 4.
  • Figure 6 is a photo for viewing the flame obtained in the main chamber with the ignition device of Figures 1 and 2.
  • a cylinder 10 of an internal combustion engine, shown in Figure 1 has a main chamber 1 delimited by a jacket 16 and closed above by a cylinder head 12.
  • the main chamber 1 contains a piston 17 actuated in translation by a connecting rod 18.
  • a generator of unstable compounds 1 detailed on the
  • FIG 2 is fixed in the cylinder head 12 so as to be adjacent to the main chamber 1 via a partition wall 3.
  • the generator 1 1 has a body 13 with external thread 14, which is screwed into a thread 15 inside the cylinder head 12 so as to be able to screw the generator 1 1.
  • the generator 1 1 contains an interior cavity constituting a prechamber 2.
  • the prechamber 2 has for example a volume close to 0.5 cm 3 .
  • An inlet 5 makes it possible to supply this prechamber 2 with an air-fuel mixture formed upstream.
  • the inlet 5 is intended to introduce fuel, the air being mixed with this fuel in the prechamber 2.
  • the prechamber 2 is provided with an ignition system comprising a central electrode 21 and a ground electrode 22.
  • the partition wall 3, for example convex towards the main chamber 1, is provided with different orifices 4a-4c, shown in Figure 2, and 4d not shown.
  • Each of these orifices 4a - 4d has a diameter less than or equal to 1 mm and a length less than or equal to its diameter.
  • the diameter and depth of the orifices 4a - 4d are respectively 0.8 mm and 0.5 mm.
  • the number of orifices is chosen so as to target areas of fresh gas in the main chamber 1.
  • the number and the distribution of the orifices are determined so as to optimize the pressure build-up.
  • an air-fuel mixture is introduced into the main chamber 1 and the prechamber 2 is supplied by means of the inlet 5, so as to create a rich mixture in this prechamber 2.
  • a spark is then produced between the electrodes 21 and 22, thereby triggering combustion in the prechamber 2, so that the temperature and the pressure increase therein.
  • a reactive zone 30 rich in unstable compound thus forms in the prechamber 2.
  • the unstable compounds are expelled in the form of a flow 31 towards the main chamber 1.
  • the pressure difference between the prechamber 2 and the main chamber 1 and the dimensions of the orifices 4a-4d cause the flame to go out when the wall 3 passes, so that no flame front propagates in the main chamber 1 .
  • the main charge contained in the main chamber 1 is seeded with the unstable compounds.
  • the compression produced causes a mass self-ignition of the main mixture far from the walls of the main chamber 1, in the form of combustion pockets 32a - 32d (see FIGS. 1 and 6) corresponding respectively to the orifices 4a - 4d.
  • the oxidation of the main charge then takes place extremely quickly.
  • a comparative example highlights the advantages obtained with the ignition device described above, compared with a traditional controlled ignition device with spark plug.
  • the fuel used is that marketed under the name Unleaded petrol 98
  • the richness of the mixture in the main chamber is 1.00
  • the average absolute pressure of the intake manifold is equal to 950 mbar.
  • the results obtained are displayed in Figures 3 to 5.
  • the reference numerals followed by A relate to the traditional device and the reference numerals followed by B relate to the device with flame extinction.
  • the crankshaft angle (DV) and the cylinder pressure (bar) being respectively given by the axes 41 and 42, the curves 50A and 50B are respectively plotted in FIG. 3 for the traditional device and the device with flame extinction.
  • Each of these curves 50 comprises, after an initial pressure increase due to compression, an ignition point 52 followed by a pressure increase 53 culminating in a summit 54, then by a pressure reduction 55.
  • the rise in pressure 53B of the device with flame extinction is substantially steeper than that 53A of the traditional device.
  • the ignition advance is 32 DV for the traditional device and only 1 0 DV for the device with flame extinction.
  • curves 60A and 60B are plotted respectively for the traditional devices and with flame extinction, in Figure 4.
  • the surfaces 61 A and 61 B delimited respectively by curves 60A and 60B each have an area corresponding to the work provided.
  • the yield is higher for the device with flame extinction than for the traditional one.
  • Histograms 70A and 70B show respectively for the traditional device and for the device with flame extinction the number of occurrences (%) along an axis 45 as a function of the combustion time at 5% (DV) of the main charge along an axis 44.
  • the histogram 70A is dispersed around a peak 71 A at approximately 23 DV and describes a bell curve 72A extending over fifteen DV.
  • the histogram 70B is almost entirely concentrated in a single peak 71 B, which peaks at more than 92%, and which is supplemented by a small secondary peak 72B. The two peaks are centered around around 6.5 DV.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a device and a method for igniting an internal combustion engine and a corresponding separating wall. The ignition device comprises a main chamber (1) provided with a system for compressing a main fuel mixture and a precombusiton chamber (2) provided with an ignition system (21-22). The precombustion chamber and the main chamber communicate through passages (4a-4d) which prevent a flame front from passing through and allow unstable compounds (31) derived from the burning of reagents contained in the precombustion chamber through. The compression system and the seeding of the main mixture with unstable compounds provide mass self-ignition to the main mixture.

Description

Dispositif et procédé d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne et paroi de séparation correspondanteD i positive and ignition method for internal combustion engine and corresponding partition wall
La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif et un procédé d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne, ainsi qu'à une paroi de séparation correspondante.The present invention relates to an ignition device and method for an internal combustion engine, as well as to a corresponding partition wall.
Les moteurs à combustion interne à allumage commandé font l'objet d'efforts conséquents afin de réduire la consommation de carburant, d'émissions polluantes et de l'irrégularité cyclique. Il a été ainsi proposé d'utiliser des mélanges air-carburant pauvres. La richesse d'un mélange est évaluée par rapport à une richesse 1 , qui correspond à une combustion du carburant dans les conditions stoechiométriques. La richesse du mélange est limitée inférieurement et supérieurement par une richesse au-delà de laquelle la propagation de flamme ne peut plus avoir lieu . Le mélange comburant/carburant utilisé est pauvre et/ou dilué par recirculation de gaz d'échappement. Les mélanges pauvres ont cependant pour inconvénient une augmentation importante de combustions partielles et de ratés à l'allumage.Internal combustion engines with positive ignition are subject to considerable efforts to reduce fuel consumption, polluting emissions and cyclical irregularity. It has thus been proposed to use poor air-fuel mixtures. The richness of a mixture is evaluated with respect to a richness 1, which corresponds to combustion of the fuel under stoichiometric conditions. The richness of the mixture is limited below and above by a richness beyond which the flame propagation can no longer take place. The oxidizer / fuel mixture used is lean and / or diluted by recirculation of exhaust gases. Poor mixtures, however, have the disadvantage of a significant increase in partial combustions and misfires.
Dans le document US-4.926.8 8, il est décrit un procédé et un dispositif de génération de jets puisés destiné à former des poches de combustion tourbillonnaire. Le dispositif décrit comprend une chambre principale contenant un mélange combustible principal et dans laquelle se déplace un piston et une préchambre recevant des réactifs et communiquant avec la chambre principale par des orifices pratiqués dans une paroi. L'allumage des réactifs dans la préchambre produit des jets de gaz en combustion, qui enflamment le mélange principal contenu dans la charge principale contenue dans la chambre principale par convection d u front de flamme.In document US Pat. No. 4,926.88, there is described a method and a device for generating pulsed jets intended to form vortex combustion pockets. The device described comprises a main chamber containing a main fuel mixture and in which moves a piston and a prechamber receiving reagents and communicating with the main chamber through orifices made in a wall. The ignition of the reactants in the prechamber produces jets of combustion gas, which ignite the main mixture contained in the main charge contained in the main chamber by convection of the flame front.
La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne qui peut présenter les avantages suivants par rapport à un dispositif d'allumage classique, mettant en jeu une bougie d'allumage disposée dans une chambre qui contient des produits réactifs:The present invention relates to an ignition device for an internal combustion engine which can have the following advantages compared to a conventional ignition device, involving a spark plug disposed in a chamber which contains reactive products:
- augmentation du rendement, - diminution considérable du cliquetis, donc possibilité d'augmentation du rapport volumétrique,- increased yield, - considerable reduction in knocking, therefore possibility of increasing the volumetric ratio,
- rapidité de la montée en pression lors d'un allumage,- rapidity of pressure build-up during ignition,
- faible dispersion cyclique (comparable à celle d'un moteur du type Diesel),- low cyclic dispersion (comparable to that of a Diesel type engine),
- vitesse et répétabilité élevées de l'initiation et d u développement de la combustion,- high speed and repeatability of the initiation and development of combustion,
- large plage d'utilisation du moteur en terme de LOL (Lean Operating Limit) , c'est-à-dire de richesse la plus faible du point moteur pouvant être atteinte avec une covariance de PM I (Pression Moyenne I ndiquée) de 5%, et en termes d'exploration de couple,- wide range of engine use in terms of LOL (Lean Operating Limit), that is to say the lowest richness of the engine point which can be reached with a covariance of PM I (Average Pressure I indicated) of 5 %, and in terms of torque exploration,
- consommation réduite pour le point de ralenti,- reduced consumption for the idle point,
- diminution des émissions polluantes de monoxyde de carbone et d'oxydes d'azote , et - réduction de l'avance à l'allumage optimale pour le rendement.- reduction in polluting emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and - reduction of the optimum ignition advance for the yield.
L'invention concerne également une paroi de séparation entre une préchambre et une chambre principale, correspondant au dispositif de l'invention. L'invention a aussi pour objet un procédé d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne, ayant les avantages précités.The invention also relates to a partition wall between a prechamber and a main chamber, corresponding to the device of the invention. The invention also relates to an ignition method for an internal combustion engine, having the aforementioned advantages.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un dispositif d'allumage d'un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant:To this end, the invention relates to an ignition device of an internal combustion engine, comprising:
- une chambre principale destinée à contenir un mélange combustible principal et munie d'un système de compression de ce mélange,- a main chamber intended to contain a main combustible mixture and provided with a system for compressing this mixture,
- une préchambre destinée à recevoir des réactifs, cette préchambre communiquant avec la chambre principale par au moins un passage, et - un système d'allumage des réactifs contenus dans la préchambre.- A prechamber intended to receive reagents, this prechamber communicating with the main chamber by at least one passage, and - a system for igniting the reagents contained in the prechamber.
Selon l'invention , les passages entre la préchambre et la chambre principale empêchent le passage d'un front de flamme tout en permettant le passage de composés instables provenant de la combustion des réactifs contenus dans la préchambre. Le système de compression de la chambre principale et l'ensemencement du mélange principal en les composés instables permettent une auto-inflammation en masse du mélange principal. Ainsi, contrairement au moteur à allumage commandé conventionnel ou au moteur décrit dans le brevet US-4.926.818, l'allumage du mélange principal n'est pas obtenu par la propagation d'un front de flamme, mais par l'ensemencement et la compression du mélange principal du moteur.According to the invention, the passages between the prechamber and the main chamber prevent the passage of a flame front while allowing the passage of unstable compounds originating from the combustion of the reagents contained in the prechamber. The compression system of the main chamber and the seeding of the main mixture with unstable compounds allow mass self-ignition of the main mixture. Thus, unlike the conventional spark ignition engine or the engine described in US Pat. No. 4,926,818, the ignition of the main mixture is not obtained by the propagation of a flame front, but by the seeding and the compression of the main engine mixture.
L'auto-inflammation dans un large volume permet une montée en pression très rapide, faible cliquetis et une bonne répétabilité.The self-ignition in a large volume allows a very rapid pressure build-up, low rattling and good repeatability.
Par rapport à un moteur à allumage par compression (moteur Diesel), le dispositif selon l'invention permet d'éliminer la phase de préparation du mélange principal constitué d'un mélange air-liquide et la phase de combustion diffusive. On réduit ainsi considérablement les délais à l'allumage (transfert thermique, vaporisation) et on peut réduire considérablement la production de suies.Compared to a compression ignition engine (Diesel engine), the device according to the invention eliminates the preparation phase of the main mixture consisting of an air-liquid mixture and the diffusive combustion phase. This considerably reduces the ignition times (heat transfer, vaporization) and can significantly reduce the production of soot.
Le dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention rassemble ainsi les avantages des deux grandes familles de moteurs jusqu'alors utilisés: ceux à allumage commandé et ceux à allumage par compression .The ignition device according to the invention thus brings together the advantages of the two major families of engines hitherto used: those with positive ignition and those with compression ignition.
Le système d'allumage dans la préchambre est préférentiellement un système à éclateur.The ignition system in the prechamber is preferably a spark gap system.
La mise en oeuvre successive des opérations d'alimentation de la préchambre et de la chambre principale respectivement en les réactifs et en le mélange principal, d'allumage des réactifs de la préchambre et de compression du mélange principal ensemencé des composées instables est préférentiellement cyclique.The successive implementation of the operations of supplying the prechamber and the main chamber respectively in the reactants and in the main mixture, igniting the reactants of the prechamber and compressing the main mixture inoculated with the unstable compounds is preferably cyclic.
Le mélange principal de la chambre principale et les réactifs de la préchambre sont constitués de mélanges comburant- carburant, les mélanges de la préchambre et de la chambre principale étant de préférence respectivement riche et pauvre. Dans une forme de réalisation , les combustibles sont les mêmes pour le mélange principal et pour les réactifs. Dans une autre forme de réalisation , ils sont distincts. Avantageusement, le dispositif d'allumage comporte des moyens de mélange comburant-carburant en amont de la préchambre. Dans une autre forme de réalisation , la chambre principale est munie de moyens d'introduction d'air, permettant d'effectuer le mélange dans cette chambre.The main mixture of the main chamber and the reagents of the prechamber consist of oxidizer-fuel mixtures, the mixtures of the prechamber and the main chamber being preferably respectively rich and lean. In one embodiment, the fuels are the same for the main mixture and for the reactants. In another embodiment, they are separate. Advantageously, the ignition device comprises means of oxidant-fuel mixture upstream of the prechamber. In another embodiment, the main chamber is provided with means for introducing air, making it possible to mix in this chamber.
Le système de compression de la chambre principale comprend préférentiellement un système à piston , qui permet d'accroître périodiq uement la pression dans la chambre principale et, conséquemment, la température. Le ou les passages entre la préchambre et la chambre principale ont pour fonction de produire une extinction de flamme (flame quenching) en laissant passer les composés instables.The compression system of the main chamber preferably comprises a piston system, which makes it possible to periodically increase the pressure in the main chamber and, consequently, the temperature. The passage or passages between the prechamber and the main chamber have the function of producing a flame quenching by letting the unstable compounds pass.
La combustion dans la préchambre génère des composés instables ainsi qu'une augmentation de la pression. Lorsque la pression dans la préchambre est plus élevée que dans la chambre principale, les composés instables sont expulsés dans la chambre principale.Combustion in the prechamber generates unstable compounds as well as an increase in pressure. When the pressure in the prechamber is higher than in the main chamber, the unstable compounds are expelled into the main chamber.
Les composés instables obtenus par la combustion des réactifs dans la préchambre comprennent des produits intermédiaires de combustion très actifs, aptes à initier l'oxydation du mélange principal sous l'effet d'une compression par le piston, ou autre moyen d'élévation de température.The unstable compounds obtained by the combustion of the reactants in the prechamber include very active intermediate combustion products, capable of initiating the oxidation of the main mixture under the effect of compression by the piston, or other means of raising the temperature. .
Une bonne efficacité du dispositif d'allumage implique une richesse supérieure à 1 du mélange contenu dans la préchambre, de manière à rendre disponible une quantité satisfaisante d'espèces instables non oxydées.A good efficiency of the ignition device implies a richness greater than 1 of the mixture contained in the prechamber, so as to make available a satisfactory quantity of unstable non-oxidized species.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, les passages entre la préchambre et la chambre principale sont constitués par des orifices pratiqués dans une paroi de séparation imperméable aux composés instables, ces orifices ayant des dimensions suffisamment petites pour provoquer une extinction de flamme.In a preferred embodiment, the passages between the prechamber and the main chamber consist of orifices made in a partition wall impermeable to unstable compounds, these orifices having dimensions sufficiently small to cause flame extinction.
Avantageusement, chacun de ces orifices a un diamètre inférieur ou égal à 1 mm. De plus, il est également avantageux que chacun des orifices ait une longueur inférieure ou égale à son diamètre. De cette manière, le moins possible de composés instables sont piégés aux parois. Par « longueur » , on entend la dimension des orifices selon une direction perpendiculaire à la surface de la paroi de séparation .Advantageously, each of these orifices has a diameter less than or equal to 1 mm. In addition, it is also advantageous that each of the orifices has a length less than or equal to its diameter. In this way, the least possible of compounds unstable are trapped on the walls. By "length" is meant the dimension of the orifices in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the partition wall.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation des passages, la préchambre et la chambre principale sont séparées par une paroi de séparation choisie parmi une grille et une cloison formée d'un matériau poreux.In another embodiment of the passages, the prechamber and the main chamber are separated by a partition wall chosen from a grid and a partition formed of a porous material.
Le moteur à combustion a avantageusement un rapport volumétrique compris entre 9 et 15. Ce rapport volumétrique élevé par rapport aux moteurs à allumage commandé traditionnels est possible grâce à la réduction considérable, voire l'élimination, du cliquetis. Ce rapport est ainsi voisin de celui d'un moteur à allumage par compression.The combustion engine advantageously has a volumetric ratio of between 9 and 15. This high volumetric ratio compared to traditional spark-ignition engines is possible thanks to the considerable reduction, or even elimination, of knocking. This ratio is thus close to that of a compression-ignition engine.
Préférentiellement, le dispositif d'allumage comporte des moyens d'alimentation de la préchambre en un mélange riche en carburant et des moyens d'alimentation de la chambre principale en un mélange pauvre en carburant. Cette réalisation permet d'optimiser les performances du dispositif d'allumage, puisqu'une faible quantité de mélange riche contenue dans la préchambre suffit à enflammer une grande quantité de mélange pauvre contenu dans la chambre principale. En tout état de cause, la richesse du mélange riche ne doit pas dépasser la limite supérieure d'inflammabilité et la richesse d u mélange pauvre ne doit pas descendre en deçà de la limite inférieure d'inflammabilité. A titre d'exemple, le propane servant de combustible, les richesses respectives des mélanges riches de la préchambre et pauvre de la chambre principale sont respectivement légèrement inférieure à 1 , 9 et supérieure à 0,55.Preferably, the ignition device comprises means for supplying the prechamber with a fuel-rich mixture and means for supplying the main chamber with a fuel-poor mixture. This embodiment optimizes the performance of the ignition device, since a small amount of rich mixture contained in the prechamber is enough to ignite a large amount of lean mixture contained in the main chamber. In any event, the richness of the rich mixture must not exceed the upper flammability limit and the richness of the lean mixture must not fall below the lower flammability limit. For example, propane being used as fuel, the respective richnesses of the rich mixtures of the prechamber and poor of the main chamber are respectively slightly less than 1, 9 and greater than 0.55.
Le dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention est avantageusement couplé à d'autres techniques, telles que l'injection directe, le G. P. L. et/ou la stratification de la charge.The ignition device according to the invention is advantageously coupled with other techniques, such as direct injection, G.P.L and / or stratification of the charge.
L'invention a également pour objet une paroi de séparation entre une préchambre et une chambre principale d'un dispositif d'allumage conforme à l'invention. L'invention concerne aussi un procédé d'allumage d'un moteur à combustion interne. Selon ce procédé:The invention also relates to a partition wall between a prechamber and a main chamber of an ignition device according to the invention. The invention also relates to a method of igniting an internal combustion engine. According to this process:
- on introduit un mélange combustible principal dans une chambre principale et des réactifs dans une préchambre communiquant avec la chambre principale par au moins un passage,a main combustible mixture is introduced into a main chamber and reagents into a prechamber communicating with the main chamber by at least one passage,
- on brûle les réactifs contenus dans la préchambre, et- the reagents contained in the prechamber are burned, and
- on provoque une inflammation du mélange principal à partir de la combustion des réactifs. Selon l'invention , on laisse passer des composés instables issus de la combustion des réactifs et on empêche tout passage d'un front de flamme, de la préchambre vers la chambre principale, au moyen de ces passages, et- the main mixture is ignited from the combustion of the reactants. According to the invention, unstable compounds from the combustion of the reactants are allowed to pass and any passage of a flame front, from the prechamber to the main chamber, is prevented by means of these passages, and
- on provoque une auto-inflammation en masse du mélange principal ensemencé des composés instables dans la chambre principale.- It causes self-ignition in mass of the main mixture seeded with unstable compounds in the main chamber.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, avantages et caractéristiques de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels:The invention will be better understood and other objects, advantages and characteristics thereof will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings in which:
La Figure 1 montre en coupe un cylindre d'un moteur à combustion interne équipé d'un dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention.Figure 1 shows in section a cylinder of an internal combustion engine equipped with an ignition device according to the invention.
La Figure 2 représente un agrandissement de la zone entourant la préchambre du dispositif d'allumage représenté à la Figure 1 .Figure 2 shows an enlargement of the area surrounding the pre-chamber of the ignition device shown in Figure 1.
La Figure 3 montre des courbes comparatives donnant la pression cylindre (en bar) en fonction de l'angle vilebrequin (en DV ou degrés vilebreq uin) sur un cycle moyen , d'une part pour un dispositif d'allumage commandé traditionnel avec bougie et d'autre part pour un dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention , correspondant aux Figures 1 et 2.Figure 3 shows comparative curves giving the cylinder pressure (in bar) as a function of the crankshaft angle (in DV or crankshaft degrees) over an average cycle, on the one hand for a traditional controlled ignition device with spark plug and on the other hand for an ignition device according to the invention, corresponding to Figures 1 and 2.
La Figure 4 représente des courbes comparatives donnant la pression cylindre (en bar) en fonction du volume de la chambre (en cm3) sur un cycle moyen, pour les mêmes dispositifs d'allumage que sur la Fig ure 3; etFigure 4 represents comparative curves giving the cylinder pressure (in bar) as a function of the volume of the chamber (in cm 3 ) on a medium cycle, for the same ignition devices as in Fig ure 3; and
La Figure 5 schématise le nombre d'occurrences (en pourcentage) en fonction de la durée de combustion de 5% (exprimée en DV) de la charge principale, pour les mêmes dispositifs d'allumage que ceux des Figures 3 et 4.Figure 5 shows schematically the number of occurrences (in percentage) as a function of the combustion time of 5% (expressed in DV) of the main charge, for the same ignition devices as those of Figures 3 and 4.
La Figure 6 est une photo permettant de visualiser la flamme obtenue dans la chambre principale grâce au dispositif d'allumage des Figures 1 et 2. U n cylindre 10 d'un moteur à combustion interne, représenté sur la Figure 1 comporte une chambre principale 1 délimitée par une chemise 16 et fermée supérieurement par une culasse 12. La chambre principale 1 contient un piston 17 actionné en translation par une bielle 18. Un générateur de composés instables 1 1 , détaillé sur laFigure 6 is a photo for viewing the flame obtained in the main chamber with the ignition device of Figures 1 and 2. A cylinder 10 of an internal combustion engine, shown in Figure 1 has a main chamber 1 delimited by a jacket 16 and closed above by a cylinder head 12. The main chamber 1 contains a piston 17 actuated in translation by a connecting rod 18. A generator of unstable compounds 1 1, detailed on the
Figure 2, est fixé dans la culasse 12 de manière à être attenant à la chambre principale 1 par l'intermédiaire d'une paroi de séparation 3. Le générateur 1 1 comporte un corps 13 avec filetage extérieur 14, qui se visse dans un taraudage 15 intérieur de la culasse 12 de manière à pouvoir visser le générateur 1 1 .Figure 2, is fixed in the cylinder head 12 so as to be adjacent to the main chamber 1 via a partition wall 3. The generator 1 1 has a body 13 with external thread 14, which is screwed into a thread 15 inside the cylinder head 12 so as to be able to screw the generator 1 1.
Le générateur 1 1 contient une cavité intérieure constituant une préchambre 2. La préchambre 2 a par exemple un volume voisin de 0, 5 cm3. U ne arrivée 5 permet d'alimenter cette préchambre 2 en un mélange air-combustible constitué en amont. Dans une variante de réalisation, l'arrivée 5 est destinée à introduire du carburant, l'air étant mélangé à ce carburant dans la préchambre 2.The generator 1 1 contains an interior cavity constituting a prechamber 2. The prechamber 2 has for example a volume close to 0.5 cm 3 . An inlet 5 makes it possible to supply this prechamber 2 with an air-fuel mixture formed upstream. In an alternative embodiment, the inlet 5 is intended to introduce fuel, the air being mixed with this fuel in the prechamber 2.
La préchambre 2 est munie d'un système d'allumage comprenant une électrode centrale 21 et une électrode de masse 22.The prechamber 2 is provided with an ignition system comprising a central electrode 21 and a ground electrode 22.
La paroi de séparation 3 , par exemple convexe vers la chambre principale 1 , est pourvue de différents orifices 4a-4c, représentés sur la Figure 2, et 4d non représenté. Chacun de ces orifices 4a - 4d a un diamètre inférieur ou égal à 1 mm et une longueur inférieure ou égale à son diamètre. A titre d'exemple, le diamètre et la profondeur des orifices 4a - 4d valent respectivement 0,8 mm et 0,5 mm.The partition wall 3, for example convex towards the main chamber 1, is provided with different orifices 4a-4c, shown in Figure 2, and 4d not shown. Each of these orifices 4a - 4d has a diameter less than or equal to 1 mm and a length less than or equal to its diameter. For example, the diameter and depth of the orifices 4a - 4d are respectively 0.8 mm and 0.5 mm.
Le nombre des orifices, égal à 4 dans l'exemple exposé, est choisi de manière à viser des zones de gaz frais dans la chambre principale 1 . Avantageusement, on détermine le nombre et la répartition des orifices de manière à optimiser la montée en pression .The number of orifices, equal to 4 in the example presented, is chosen so as to target areas of fresh gas in the main chamber 1. Advantageously, the number and the distribution of the orifices are determined so as to optimize the pressure build-up.
En fonctionnement, on introduit un mélange air-carburant dans la chambre principale 1 et on alimente la préchambre 2 au moyen de l'arrivée 5, de manière à créer un mélange riche dans cette préchambre 2. On produit ensuite une étincelle entre les électrodes 21 et 22, en déclenchant ainsi la combustion dans la préchambre 2, de telle sorte que la température et la pression augmentent en son sein. Une zone réactive 30 riche en composé instable se forme ainsi dans la préchambre 2.In operation, an air-fuel mixture is introduced into the main chamber 1 and the prechamber 2 is supplied by means of the inlet 5, so as to create a rich mixture in this prechamber 2. A spark is then produced between the electrodes 21 and 22, thereby triggering combustion in the prechamber 2, so that the temperature and the pressure increase therein. A reactive zone 30 rich in unstable compound thus forms in the prechamber 2.
Sous l'effet de la pression plus élevée dans la préchambre 2 que dans la chambre principale 1 , les composés instables sont expulsés sous forme de flux 31 vers la chambre principale 1 . La différence de pression entre la préchambre 2 et la chambre principale 1 et les dimensions des orifices 4a-4d provoquent une extinction de flamme au passage de la paroi 3, de telle sorte qu'aucun front de flamme ne se propage dans la chambre principale 1 . Ainsi, la charge principale contenue dans la chambre principale 1 est ensemencée avec les composés instables. Lors de la remontée du piston 17 dans la chambre principaleUnder the effect of the higher pressure in the prechamber 2 than in the main chamber 1, the unstable compounds are expelled in the form of a flow 31 towards the main chamber 1. The pressure difference between the prechamber 2 and the main chamber 1 and the dimensions of the orifices 4a-4d cause the flame to go out when the wall 3 passes, so that no flame front propagates in the main chamber 1 . Thus, the main charge contained in the main chamber 1 is seeded with the unstable compounds. When raising the piston 17 in the main chamber
1 , la compression produite provoque une auto-inflammation en masse du mélange principal loin des parois de la chambre principale 1 , sous forme de poches de combustion 32a - 32d (voir Figures 1 et 6) correspondant respectivement aux orifices 4a - 4d . L'oxydation de la charge principale se déroule alors extrêmement vite.1, the compression produced causes a mass self-ignition of the main mixture far from the walls of the main chamber 1, in the form of combustion pockets 32a - 32d (see FIGS. 1 and 6) corresponding respectively to the orifices 4a - 4d. The oxidation of the main charge then takes place extremely quickly.
Un exemple comparatif met en évidence les avantages obtenus avec le dispositif d'allumage décrit ci-dessus, par rapport à un dispositif d'allumage commandé traditionnel avec bougie. Dans cet exemple, le carburant employé est celui commercialisé sous le nom Essence sans plomb 98, la richesse du mélange dans la chambre principale vaut 1 ,00 et la pression absolue moyenne du collecteur admission est égale à 950 mbar. Les résultats obtenus sont visualisés aux Figures 3 à 5. Sur ces Fig ures, les références numériques suivies de A concernent le dispositif traditionnel et les références numériques suivies de B concernent le dispositif avec extinction de flamme.A comparative example highlights the advantages obtained with the ignition device described above, compared with a traditional controlled ignition device with spark plug. In this example, the fuel used is that marketed under the name Unleaded petrol 98, the richness of the mixture in the main chamber is 1.00, and the average absolute pressure of the intake manifold is equal to 950 mbar. The results obtained are displayed in Figures 3 to 5. In these Fig ures, the reference numerals followed by A relate to the traditional device and the reference numerals followed by B relate to the device with flame extinction.
L'angle vilebrequin (DV) et la pression cylindre (bar) étant respectivement donnés par les axes 41 et 42, les courbes 50A et 50B sont respectivement tracées sur la Figure 3 pour le dispositif traditionnel et le dispositif avec extinction de flamme. Chacune de ces courbes 50 comporte, après une montée initiale en pression due à la compression, un point d'allumage 52 suivi d'une montée en pression 53 culminant en un sommet 54, puis d^une descente en pression 55.The crankshaft angle (DV) and the cylinder pressure (bar) being respectively given by the axes 41 and 42, the curves 50A and 50B are respectively plotted in FIG. 3 for the traditional device and the device with flame extinction. Each of these curves 50 comprises, after an initial pressure increase due to compression, an ignition point 52 followed by a pressure increase 53 culminating in a summit 54, then by a pressure reduction 55.
On observe que la montée en pression 53B du dispositif avec extinction de flamme est sensiblement plus raide que celle 53A du dispositif traditionnel. De plus, l'avance à l'allumage vaut 32 DV pour le dispositif traditionnel et seulement 1 0 DV pour le dispositif avec extinction de flamme. Ainsi , le dispositif décrit ci-dessus permet d'obtenir un front de pression à la fois retardé et plus raide par rapport à des dispositifs traditionnels à allumage commandé.It is observed that the rise in pressure 53B of the device with flame extinction is substantially steeper than that 53A of the traditional device. In addition, the ignition advance is 32 DV for the traditional device and only 1 0 DV for the device with flame extinction. Thus, the device described above makes it possible to obtain a pressure front which is both delayed and stiffer compared to traditional devices with controlled ignition.
Le volume (cm3) dans la chambre principale étant donné par un axe 43 et la pression cylindre par l'axe 42, des courbes 60A et 60B sont tracées respectivement pour les dispositifs traditionnel et avec extinction de flamme, sur la Figure 4. Les surfaces 61 A et 61 B délimitées respectivement par les courbes 60A et 60B ont chacune une aire correspondant au travail fourni. On observe une zone 62 couverte par la surface 61 B mais pas par la surface 61 A, cette zone 62 étant associée au front de pression raide produit pour le dispositif avec extinction de flamme. Ainsi, le rendement est plus élevé pour le dispositif avec extinction de flamme que pour celui traditionnel.The volume (cm 3 ) in the main chamber being given by an axis 43 and the cylinder pressure by the axis 42, curves 60A and 60B are plotted respectively for the traditional devices and with flame extinction, in Figure 4. The surfaces 61 A and 61 B delimited respectively by curves 60A and 60B each have an area corresponding to the work provided. There is a zone 62 covered by the surface 61 B but not by the surface 61 A, this zone 62 being associated with the steep pressure front produced for the device with flame extinction. Thus, the yield is higher for the device with flame extinction than for the traditional one.
Des histogrammes 70A et 70B (Figure 5) montrent respectivement pour le dispositif traditionnel et pour le dispositif avec extinction de flamme le nombre d'occurrences (%) selon un axe 45 en fonction de la durée de combustion à 5% (DV) de la charge principale selon un axe 44.Histograms 70A and 70B (Figure 5) show respectively for the traditional device and for the device with flame extinction the number of occurrences (%) along an axis 45 as a function of the combustion time at 5% (DV) of the main charge along an axis 44.
On observe que l'histogramme 70A est dispersé autour d'un pic 71 A à environ 23 DV et décrit une courbe en cloche 72A s'étendant sur une quinzaine de DV. En revanche, l'histogramme 70B est presque entièrement concentré dans un unique pic 71 B, qui culmine à plus de 92%, et qui est complété par un petit pic secondaire 72B. Les deux pics sont centrés autour d'environ 6,5 DV.It is observed that the histogram 70A is dispersed around a peak 71 A at approximately 23 DV and describes a bell curve 72A extending over fifteen DV. In contrast, the histogram 70B is almost entirely concentrated in a single peak 71 B, which peaks at more than 92%, and which is supplemented by a small secondary peak 72B. The two peaks are centered around around 6.5 DV.
Il apparaît ainsi que le dispositif avec extinction de flamme procure une régularité cyclique considérablement plus élevée et une durée de combustion et une dispersion considérablement plus réduites qu'avec le dispositif traditionnel. Les mêmes observations valent également pour une combustion à des pourcentages plus élevés que 5% de la charge principale. It thus appears that the device with flame extinction provides a considerably higher cyclical regularity and a considerably shorter burning time and dispersion than with the traditional device. The same observations also apply to combustion at percentages higher than 5% of the main charge.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1 . Dispositif d'allumage d'un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant:CLAIMS 1. Ignition device for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
- une chambre principale (1 ) destinée à contenir un mélange combustible principal, et munie d'un système de compression (17,- a main chamber (1) intended to contain a main combustible mixture, and provided with a compression system (17,
18) dudit mélange,18) of said mixture,
- une préchambre (2) destinée à recevoir des réactifs, ladite préchambre (2) communiquant avec la chambre principale (1 ) par au moins un passage (4a - 4d), et - un système d'allumage (21 -22) des réactifs contenus dans la préchambre (2), caractérisé en ce que lesdits passages (4a - 4d) entre la préchambre (2) et la chambre principale (1 ) empêchent le passage d'un front de flamme tout en permettant le passage de composés instables (31 ) provenant de la combustion des réactifs contenus dans la préchambre (2), le système de compression (17, 18) de la chambre principale (1 ) et l'ensemencement du mélange principal en lesdits composés instables permettant une auto-inflammation en masse du mélange principal. . - a prechamber (2) intended to receive reagents, said prechamber (2) communicating with the main chamber (1) by at least one passage (4a - 4d), and - an ignition system (21 -22) of the reagents contained in the prechamber (2), characterized in that said passages (4a - 4d) between the prechamber (2) and the main chamber (1) prevent the passage of a flame front while allowing the passage of unstable compounds ( 31) originating from the combustion of the reagents contained in the prechamber (2), the compression system (17, 18) of the main chamber (1) and the seeding of the main mixture with said unstable compounds allowing self-ignition in mass of the main mixture. .
2. Dispositif d'allumage selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que lesdits passages entre la préchambre (2) et la chambre principale (1 ) sont constitués par des orifices (4a - 4d) pratiqués dans une paroi de séparation (3) imperméable aux composés instables, lesdits orifices ayant des dimensions suffisamment petites pour provoquer une extinction de flamme.2. An ignition device according to claim 1, characterized in that said passages between the prechamber (2) and the main chamber (1) consist of orifices (4a - 4d) formed in a partition wall (3) impermeable to unstable compounds, said orifices having dimensions sufficiently small to cause flame extinction.
3. Dispositif d'allumage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce q ue chacun desdits orifices (4a - 4d) a un diamètre inférieur ou égal à 1 mm.3. An ignition device according to claim 2, characterized in that each of said orifices (4a - 4d) has a diameter less than or equal to 1 mm.
4. Dispositif d'allumage selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce q ue chacun desdits orifices (4a - 4d) a une longueur inférieure ou égale à son diamètre.4. An ignition device according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that q ue each of said orifices (4a - 4d) has a length less than or equal to its diameter.
5. Dispositif d'allumage selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la préchambre (2) et la chambre principale (1 ) sont séparées par une paroi de séparation (3) choisie parmi une grille et une cloison formée d'un matériau poreux. 5. An ignition device according to claim 1, characterized in that the prechamber (2) and the main chamber (1) are separated by a partition wall (3) chosen from a grid and a partition formed of a porous material. .
6. Dispositif d'allumage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens d'alimentation de la prechambre (2) en un mélange riche en carburant et des moyens d'alimentation de la chambre principale (1 ) en un mélange pauvre en carburant.6. Ignition device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises means for supplying the prechamber (2) with a fuel-rich mixture and means for supplying the chamber main (1) in a lean fuel mixture.
7. Paroi de séparation (3) entre une préchambre (2) et une chambre principale (1 ) d'un dispositif d'allumage conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.7. Separation wall (3) between a prechamber (2) and a main chamber (1) of an ignition device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. Procédé d'allumage d'un moteur à combustion interne, selon lequel:8. Method of ignition of an internal combustion engine, according to which:
- on introduit un mélange combustible principal dans une chambre principale (1 ) et des réactifs dans une préchambre (2) communiquant avec la chambre principale par au moins un passage (4a - 4d), - on brûle les réactifs contenus dans la préchambre (2), et- a main fuel mixture is introduced into a main chamber (1) and reagents in a prechamber (2) communicating with the main chamber by at least one passage (4a - 4d), - the reagents contained in the prechamber (2) are burned ), and
- on provoque une inflammation du mélange principal à partir de la combustion desdits réactifs, caractérisé en ce que:- an ignition of the main mixture is caused from the combustion of said reactants, characterized in that:
- on laisse passer des composés instables (31 ) issus de la combustion desdits réactifs et on empêche tout passage d'un front de flamme, de la préchambre (2) vers la chambre principale (1 ) , au moyen desdits passages (4a - 4d), et- Passing unstable compounds (31) from the combustion of said reactants and preventing any passage of a flame front, from the prechamber (2) to the main chamber (1), by means of said passages (4a - 4d ), and
- on provoque une auto-inflammation en masse du mélange principal ensemencé desdits composés instables dans la chambre principale (1 ). - It causes self-ignition in mass of the main mixture seeded with said unstable compounds in the main chamber (1).
PCT/FR1999/001832 1998-07-31 1999-07-26 Device and method for igniting an internal combustion engine and corresponding separating wall WO2000008317A1 (en)

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EP99932975A EP1102923B1 (en) 1998-07-31 1999-07-26 Device and method for igniting an internal combustion engine and corresponding separating wall
AT99932975T ATE252200T1 (en) 1998-07-31 1999-07-26 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR IGNITION OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND CORRESPONDING PARTITION WALL
DE69912135T DE69912135T2 (en) 1998-07-31 1999-07-26 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR IGNITING AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND CORRESPONDING PARTITION

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FR98/09892 1998-07-31
FR9809892A FR2781840B1 (en) 1998-07-31 1998-07-31 IGNITION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND CORRESPONDING SEPARATION WALL

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FR2846046B1 (en) * 2002-10-18 2006-06-16 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa PRE-CHAMBER IGNITION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, PRE-CHAMBER IGNITER, AND IGNITION METHOD
FR2846041B1 (en) 2002-10-18 2006-06-09 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa OVERHEATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND PRECHARROW CANDLE, IGNITION METHOD, AND APPLICATION
FR2846042B1 (en) 2002-10-18 2005-02-04 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa PRE-BRAKE IGNITION DEVICE MADE IN HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MATERIAL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND PRE-BURST IGNITER
FR2853359B1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2006-06-09 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH PRECHAMBER AND IGNITION CONTROL
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WO2012064391A1 (en) * 2010-11-11 2012-05-18 Cameron International Corporation Spark ignited radical injection system
WO2012064392A1 (en) * 2010-11-11 2012-05-18 Cameron International Corporation Positive displacement radical injection system
CN103328782A (en) * 2010-11-11 2013-09-25 卡梅伦国际有限公司 Positive displacement radical injection system
US8567369B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2013-10-29 Cameron International Corporation Spark ignited radical injection system
US8844498B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2014-09-30 Ge Oil & Gas Compression Systems, Llc Positive displacement radical injection system
US8875678B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2014-11-04 Ge Oil & Gas Compression Systems, Llc Spark ignited radical injection system
US9631591B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2017-04-25 Ge Oil & Gas Compression Systems, Llc Positive displacement radical injection system
CN103328782B (en) * 2010-11-11 2017-05-24 通用电气石油和天然气压缩系统有限责任公司 Positive displacement radical injection system

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FR2781840A1 (en) 2000-02-04
AR019973A1 (en) 2002-03-27
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DE69912135D1 (en) 2003-11-20
ATE252200T1 (en) 2003-11-15

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