WO2000005535A1 - Reservoir for fluids under high pressure, in particular compressed air or another gas - Google Patents

Reservoir for fluids under high pressure, in particular compressed air or another gas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000005535A1
WO2000005535A1 PCT/FR1999/001801 FR9901801W WO0005535A1 WO 2000005535 A1 WO2000005535 A1 WO 2000005535A1 FR 9901801 W FR9901801 W FR 9901801W WO 0005535 A1 WO0005535 A1 WO 0005535A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cells
reservoir
tubes
octagonal
cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1999/001801
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Guy Negre
Cyril Negre
Original Assignee
Guy Negre
Cyril Negre
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Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=9528892&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2000005535(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Guy Negre, Cyril Negre filed Critical Guy Negre
Priority to AU49151/99A priority Critical patent/AU4915199A/en
Publication of WO2000005535A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000005535A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0166—Shape complex divided in several chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0171—Shape complex comprising a communication hole between chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0609—Straps, bands or ribbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0656—Metals in form of filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0668—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments axially wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/031—Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road

Definitions

  • the invention relates to high pressure gas or fluid tanks, in particular for land or sea vehicles and more particularly for those operating with injection of additional compressed air, and comprising a high pressure compressed air tank.
  • High pressure compressed gas tanks have long been produced in steel cylinders, however, recently, tank designers have sought to lighten them either by using light metals such as aluminum, or by incorporating windings of them. fiberglass, carbon or other techniques known as filament winding.
  • the axial forces are obviously proportional to the area of the cylinder section - depending on the diameter - they are generated by the pressure of the gas or the fluid which imposes considerable wall thicknesses as soon as the diameter of the cylinder becomes relatively large in order to obtain volume capacities, for example for a tank with a diameter of 300 mm containing a gas at 300 bars, the axial force is 212 tonnes.
  • the radial and axial forces are collected by the same wall.
  • Another difficulty with this type of tank is to install the fittings allowing filling and emptying which impose significant reductions in diameter on its nozzle which, due to the surface of the section, undergoes particularly significant efforts.
  • the reservoir consists of several tubes of small section forming juxtaposed cells glued to each other and connected to each other radially by at least one orifice to allow the circulation of gas.
  • each tube or cell of relatively small diameter or section collects its own axial forces, for example 5.9 tonnes for 300 bars and is closed by any means at its ends whereas at least one of these tubes receives - at at least one of its ends a nozzle or orifice for filling and emptying the reservoir. All of these tubes or cells are then maintained by a common envelope made up of a composite coating of resin and fiber fabrics and / or filament winding or others.
  • each tube may be made of metal such as steel, aluminum or the like, but preferably and according to one of the characteristics of the invention, each tube is produced with an internal envelope or -liner- made of plastic material reinforced with composite materials. and / or by filament windings of fiberglass or other carbon.
  • the section of the tubes is an octagon and the latter are made of plastic material, four of the sides of which serve as the basis for longitudinal filament windings - while the other four sides serve for bonding and for communication between the holes between them by holes drilled in correspondence.
  • Each tube receives at each of its ends a glued octagonal plug, comprising or not, one or more O-ring seal and held axially and mechanically by the longitudinal filament winding.
  • the tubes glued together form, seen in cross section, a square which can also serve as a tank if the ends have an adequate closure piece.
  • FIG. 1 represents, seen in cross section and in perspective, a reservoir according to the invention comprising triangular cells
  • 2 shows, seen in cross section, the same tank with its outer envelope in composite coating
  • FIG. 3 represents a tank cell of octagonal section
  • FIG. 4 represents, seen in cross section, a reservoir made up of six octagonal cells
  • FIG. 5 represents a cross section of an octagonal cell with clearances for longitudinal filament windings.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional and perspective view of a high pressure gas tank according to the invention without its outer envelope, comprising ten tubes or cells of triangular section numbered from 1 to 10, juxtaposed and bonded together with concordant orifices 11 which are drilled on the bonded common surfaces to put each cell in communication with each other which thus contain gas at an identical pressure.
  • the radial forces on the walls of each cell are offset by the opposite forces from the juxtaposed cell arrow F while an outer retaining envelope 12 in FIG. 2 takes up the radial forces towards the outside of the reservoir and holds the ten cells between them bonded giving cohesion to the entire tank.
  • FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents a cross-section and perspective view, a cell of octagonal section, for the production of a reservoir according to the invention, comprising a sealing liner in extruded plastic 13 and longitudinal filament windings 14 produced in cross on four of the sides, and intended to collect the axial forces of each cell as well as to retain at the ends of the sealed shutters 15, inter-cell communication orifices 16 are formed on the other four faces of juxtaposition and bonding with the other cells constituting the reservoir, these orifices not being drilled on the faces communicating with the outside of the assembly of the cells of the reservoir.
  • the cells are juxtaposed and glued to form a reservoir seen in cross section in FIG. 4 and delimit between them a volume of square section 17 which can advantageously also contain the gas under pressure making it possible to cancel the radial forces on the walls concerned of each cell, a sealed shutter being in this case located at each end of this volume of square section which is placed in communication with the octagonal cells.
  • An outer holding envelope 18 in glass fabrics (or other materials and / or in filament winding) ensures the cohesion of the entire reservoir, and ensures the radial forces exerted by the pressure on the outer faces of the outer cells.
  • the outer envelope can follow the outer shapes of the octagonal cells, or according to a variant of the invention profiles of triangular shapes 19 made of polyurethane foam - or other materials - are positioned and / or glued between the octagonal cells and thus allow d on the one hand to better absorb the radial forces due to the pressure of the gases on the faces concerned, and on the other hand to obtain a tank with substantially flat sides more easily achievable and storable.
  • the octagonal cells 20 comprise on the four faces receiving longitudinal filament windings 14, a recess 21 making it possible to drown said winding in said recess.
  • the geometric shape of the cell section, the closure systems at the ends of each cell and the filling systems and / or emptying, the number of cells, the inter-cell bonding methods can vary without thereby changing the principle of the invention which has just been described.
  • strips of glass fabrics or other fibers such as carbon, aramid, etc., impregnated or laminated can be used without changing the principle of invention described.

Abstract

The invention concerns a reservoir for fluid, compressed air or another gas, under high pressure consisting of tubes with small cross-sections forming cells (1 to 10) mutually bonded and radially linked by at least an orifice (11) for enabling the pressurised gas to circulate from one to the other. An outer envelope maintains the cells together and helps in absorbing the radial efforts. The invention is applicable to all pressurised fluid reservoirs.

Description

« RESERVOIR DE FLUIDES, SOUS HAUTE PRESSION, NOTAMMENT D'AIR COMPRIME OU D'AUTRE GAZ » "HIGH-PRESSURE FLUID TANK, ESPECIALLY COMPRESSED AIR OR OTHER GASES"
L'invention concerne les réservoirs de gaz ou de fluide haute pression notamment pour des véhicules terrestres ou maritimes et plus particulièrement pour ceux fonctionnant avec injection d'air comprimé additionnel, et comportant un réservoir d'air comprimé haute pression.The invention relates to high pressure gas or fluid tanks, in particular for land or sea vehicles and more particularly for those operating with injection of additional compressed air, and comprising a high pressure compressed air tank.
Les réservoirs de gaz comprimé à haute pression ont longtemps été réalisés dans des cylindres d'aciers toutefois, récemment, les concepteurs de réservoirs ont recherché à les alléger soit en utilisant des métaux légers tels que l'aluminium, soit en leur incorporant des enroulements de fibre de verre, de carbone ou autres techniques dites à enroulement filamentaire.High pressure compressed gas tanks have long been produced in steel cylinders, however, recently, tank designers have sought to lighten them either by using light metals such as aluminum, or by incorporating windings of them. fiberglass, carbon or other techniques known as filament winding.
Dans ces réservoirs cylindriques les efforts axiaux sont bien évidemment proportionnels à la surface de la section du cylindre -fonction du diamètre- ils sont engendrés par la pression du gaz ou du fluide ce qui impose des épaisseurs de parois considérables dès que le diamètre du cylindre devient relativement important dans le but d'obtenir des capacités volumes, par exemple pour un réservoir d'un diamètre de 300 mm contenant un gaz à 300 bars l'effort axial est de 212 tonnes. En outre, les efforts radiaux et axiaux sont encaissés par la même paroi. Une autre difficulté de ce type de réservoir est d'implanter les raccords permettant le remplissage et la vidange qui imposent des réductions de diamètre importantes à son embout qui, du fait de la surface de la section, subit des efforts particulièrement importants.In these cylindrical tanks the axial forces are obviously proportional to the area of the cylinder section - depending on the diameter - they are generated by the pressure of the gas or the fluid which imposes considerable wall thicknesses as soon as the diameter of the cylinder becomes relatively large in order to obtain volume capacities, for example for a tank with a diameter of 300 mm containing a gas at 300 bars, the axial force is 212 tonnes. In addition, the radial and axial forces are collected by the same wall. Another difficulty with this type of tank is to install the fittings allowing filling and emptying which impose significant reductions in diameter on its nozzle which, due to the surface of the section, undergoes particularly significant efforts.
Quels que soient les matériaux utilisés, ces efforts très élevés imposent des réservoirs lourds avec des épaisseurs de parois très importantes par exemple plus de 15 millimètres.Whatever the materials used, these very high forces require heavy tanks with very large wall thicknesses, for example more than 15 millimeters.
L'invention propose de résoudre ces défauts, elle est caractérisée en ce que le réservoir est constitué de plusieurs tubes de faible section formant des cellules juxtaposées collées les unes aux autres et reliées entre elles radialement par au moins un orifice pour permettre la circulation du gaz sous pression de l'une à l'autre, chaque tube ou cellule de diamètre ou de section relativement faible par exemple 50 mm, encaisse ses propres efforts axiaux par exemple 5,9 tonnes pour 300 bars et est fermé par tout moyen à ses extrémités alors qu'au moins un de ces tubes reçoit - à au moins l'une de ses extrémités un embout ou orifice de remplissage et de vidange du réservoir. L'ensemble de ces tubes ou cellules est ensuite maintenu par une enveloppe commune constituée d'un revêtement composite de résine et tissus de fibres et/ou d'enroulement filamentaire ou autres. Les efforts radiaux sont répartis sur des surfaces restreintes et l'enveloppe commune participe à encaisser ces efforts. Ces tubes peuvent être des cylindres juxtaposés, mais le raccordement et le collage entre eux en un seul point du cercle sera difficile à réaliser, et l'on préférera des tubes avec des sections de forme géométrique comportant des faces planes permettant de les juxtaposer et de les coller entre eux plus facilement tels que triangle, carré, pentagone, hexagone etc..The invention proposes to resolve these defects, it is characterized in that the reservoir consists of several tubes of small section forming juxtaposed cells glued to each other and connected to each other radially by at least one orifice to allow the circulation of gas. under pressure from one to the other, each tube or cell of relatively small diameter or section, for example 50 mm, collects its own axial forces, for example 5.9 tonnes for 300 bars and is closed by any means at its ends whereas at least one of these tubes receives - at at least one of its ends a nozzle or orifice for filling and emptying the reservoir. All of these tubes or cells are then maintained by a common envelope made up of a composite coating of resin and fiber fabrics and / or filament winding or others. The radial forces are distributed over restricted areas and the common envelope participates in absorbing these forces. These tubes can be juxtaposed cylinders, but the connection and bonding between them at a single point of the circle will be difficult to achieve, and we will prefer tubes with sections of geometric shape having flat faces allowing them to be juxtaposed and stick them together more easily such as triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon etc.
La juxtaposition de ces tubes ou cellules permet aux efforts radiaux dus à la pression de s'opposer de part et d'autre de la paroi juxtaposée et collée afin que les parois de ces tubes travaillent seulement axialement.The juxtaposition of these tubes or cells allows the radial forces due to the pressure to oppose on either side of the juxtaposed and glued wall so that the walls of these tubes work only axially.
Les matériaux des tubes peuvent être en métal tel qu'acier, aluminium ou autres mais préférentiellement et selon l'une des caractéristiques de l'invention, chaque tube est réalisé avec une enveloppe interne ou -liner- en matière plastique renforcée par des matériaux composites et/ou par des enroulements filamentaires de fibre de verre ou autre carbone.The materials of the tubes may be made of metal such as steel, aluminum or the like, but preferably and according to one of the characteristics of the invention, each tube is produced with an internal envelope or -liner- made of plastic material reinforced with composite materials. and / or by filament windings of fiberglass or other carbon.
Selon une des conceptions préférentielles de l'invention, la section des tubes est un octogone et ces derniers sont réalisés en matière plastique dont quatre des cotés servent de base à des enroulements filamentaires longitudinaux - alors que les quatre autres côtés servent au collage et à la mise en communication, par des orifices percés en correspondance, des tubes entre eux. Chaque tube reçoit à chacune de ses extrémités un bouchon octogonal collé, comportant, ou non, un ou plusieurs joint torique d'étanchéité et retenu axialement et mécaniquement par l'enroulement filamentaire longitudinal. Les tubes collés entre eux forment, vu en coupe transversale, un carré qui peut également servir de réservoir si les extrémités comportent une pièce d'obturation adéquate.According to one of the preferred designs of the invention, the section of the tubes is an octagon and the latter are made of plastic material, four of the sides of which serve as the basis for longitudinal filament windings - while the other four sides serve for bonding and for communication between the holes between them by holes drilled in correspondence. Each tube receives at each of its ends a glued octagonal plug, comprising or not, one or more O-ring seal and held axially and mechanically by the longitudinal filament winding. The tubes glued together form, seen in cross section, a square which can also serve as a tank if the ends have an adequate closure piece.
D'autres buts, avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description, à titre non limitatif, de plusieurs modes de réalisation, faite en regard des dessins annexés où : la figure 1 représente, vu en coupe transversale et en perspective, un réservoir selon l'invention comportant des cellules triangulaires ; la figure 2 représente vu en coupe transversale le même réservoir avec son enveloppe extérieure en revêtement composite ; la figure 3 représente une cellule de réservoir de section octogonale ; la figure 4 représente vu en coupe transversale un réservoir constitué de six cellules octogonales ; la figure 5 représente une coupe de cellule octogonale avec des dégagements pour des enroulements filamentaires longitudinaux.Other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the description, without limitation, of several embodiments, made with reference to the appended drawings where: FIG. 1 represents, seen in cross section and in perspective, a reservoir according to the invention comprising triangular cells; 2 shows, seen in cross section, the same tank with its outer envelope in composite coating; FIG. 3 represents a tank cell of octagonal section; FIG. 4 represents, seen in cross section, a reservoir made up of six octagonal cells; FIG. 5 represents a cross section of an octagonal cell with clearances for longitudinal filament windings.
La figure 1 représente vu en coupe transversale et en perspective un réservoir de gaz haute pression selon l'invention sans son enveloppe extérieure, comportant dix tubes ou cellules de section triangulaire numérotés de 1 à 10, juxtaposés et collés entre eux avec des orifices concordants 11 qui sont percés sur les surfaces communes collées pour mettre en communication chaque cellule entre elles qui contiennent ainsi du gaz à une pression identique. Les efforts radiaux sur les parois de chaque cellule sont compensés par les efforts opposés de la cellule juxtaposée flèche F alors qu'une enveloppe extérieure de maintien 12 figure 2 vient reprendre les efforts radiaux vers l'extérieur du réservoir et maintenir entre elles les dix cellules collées donnant de la cohésion à l'ensemble du réservoir.Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional and perspective view of a high pressure gas tank according to the invention without its outer envelope, comprising ten tubes or cells of triangular section numbered from 1 to 10, juxtaposed and bonded together with concordant orifices 11 which are drilled on the bonded common surfaces to put each cell in communication with each other which thus contain gas at an identical pressure. The radial forces on the walls of each cell are offset by the opposite forces from the juxtaposed cell arrow F while an outer retaining envelope 12 in FIG. 2 takes up the radial forces towards the outside of the reservoir and holds the ten cells between them bonded giving cohesion to the entire tank.
La figure 3 représente schématiquement vu en coupe transversale et perspective, une cellule de section octogonale, pour la réalisation d'un réservoir selon l'invention, comportant un liner d'étanchéité en plastique extrudé 13 et des enroulements filamentaires longitudinaux 14 réalisés en croix sur quatre des côtés, et destiné à encaisser les efforts axiaux de chaque cellule ainsi qu'à retenir aux extrémités des obturateurs étanches 15, des orifices de communication inter cellules 16 sont ménagés sur les quatre autres faces de juxtaposition et de collage avec les autres cellules constituant le réservoir, ces orifices n'étant pas percés sur les faces communiquant avec l'extérieur de l'assemblage des cellules du réservoir.FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents a cross-section and perspective view, a cell of octagonal section, for the production of a reservoir according to the invention, comprising a sealing liner in extruded plastic 13 and longitudinal filament windings 14 produced in cross on four of the sides, and intended to collect the axial forces of each cell as well as to retain at the ends of the sealed shutters 15, inter-cell communication orifices 16 are formed on the other four faces of juxtaposition and bonding with the other cells constituting the reservoir, these orifices not being drilled on the faces communicating with the outside of the assembly of the cells of the reservoir.
Les cellules sont juxtaposées et collées pour constituer un réservoir vu en coupe transversale sur la figure 4 et délimitent entre elles un volume de section carrée 17 qui peut avantageusement contenir également le gaz sous pression permettant d'annuler les efforts radiaux sur les parois concernées de chaque cellule, un obturateur étanche étant dans ce cas implanté à chaque extrémité de ce volume de section carrée qui est mis en communication avec les cellules octogonales. Une enveloppe extérieure de maintien 18 en tissus de verre (ou autres matériaux et/ou en enroulement filamentaire) vient assurer la cohésion de l'ensemble du réservoir, et assurer les efforts radiaux exercés par la pression sur les faces extérieures des cellules extérieures.The cells are juxtaposed and glued to form a reservoir seen in cross section in FIG. 4 and delimit between them a volume of square section 17 which can advantageously also contain the gas under pressure making it possible to cancel the radial forces on the walls concerned of each cell, a sealed shutter being in this case located at each end of this volume of square section which is placed in communication with the octagonal cells. An outer holding envelope 18 in glass fabrics (or other materials and / or in filament winding) ensures the cohesion of the entire reservoir, and ensures the radial forces exerted by the pressure on the outer faces of the outer cells.
L'enveloppe extérieure peut suivre les formes extérieures des cellules octogonales, ou selon une variante de l'invention des profilés de formes triangulaires 19 en mousse de polyuréthanne -ou autres matériaux- sont positionnés et/ ou collés entre les cellules octogonales et permettent ainsi d'une part de mieux encaisser les efforts radiaux dus à la pression des gaz sur les faces concernées, et d'autre part d'obtenir un réservoir avec des flancs sensiblement plats plus facilement réalisables et stockables.The outer envelope can follow the outer shapes of the octagonal cells, or according to a variant of the invention profiles of triangular shapes 19 made of polyurethane foam - or other materials - are positioned and / or glued between the octagonal cells and thus allow d on the one hand to better absorb the radial forces due to the pressure of the gases on the faces concerned, and on the other hand to obtain a tank with substantially flat sides more easily achievable and storable.
Selon une variante de l'invention figure 5, les cellules octogonales 20 comportent sur les quatre faces recevant des enroulements filamentaires longitudinaux 14, un décrochement 21 permettant de noyer ledit enroulement dans ledit décrochement.According to a variant of the invention in FIG. 5, the octagonal cells 20 comprise on the four faces receiving longitudinal filament windings 14, a recess 21 making it possible to drown said winding in said recess.
Bien entendu, la forme géométrique de la section des cellules, les systèmes d'obturation aux extrémités de chaque cellule et les systèmes de remplissage et/ou de vidange, le nombre de cellules, les procédés de collage inter cellules peuvent varier sans pour cela changer le principe de l'invention qui vient d'être décrite.Of course, the geometric shape of the cell section, the closure systems at the ends of each cell and the filling systems and / or emptying, the number of cells, the inter-cell bonding methods can vary without thereby changing the principle of the invention which has just been described.
De même qu'en lieu et place ou en complément de l'enroulement filamentaire, des bandes de tissus de verre ou d'autres fibres tel que carbone, aramide, etc., imprégnées ou stratifiées peuvent être utilisées sans changer le principe de l'invention décrite. Just as instead of or in addition to the filament winding, strips of glass fabrics or other fibers such as carbon, aramid, etc., impregnated or laminated can be used without changing the principle of invention described.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1.- Réservoir de fluides, sous haute pression, notamment d'air comprimé ou d'autre gaz, du type constitué de plusieurs tubes (1 à 10) de faible section formant des cellules juxtaposées collées les unes aux autres et reliées entre elles radialement par au moins un orifice (11) pour permettre la circulation du gaz sous pression de l'une à l'autre, chaque cellule de diamètre et/ou de section relativement faible encaissant ses propres efforts axiaux et étant fermée par tout moyen étanche à ses extrémités alors qu'au moins un de ces tubes reçoit à au moins l'une de ses extrémités un embout ou orifice de remplissage et de vidange du réservoir, et du type dans lequel les tubes ou cellules ont des sections de forme géométrique comportant des faces planes permettant de les juxtaposer et de les coller entre eux, caractérisé en ce que les cellules sont réalisées en matière plastique et en ce que quatre des côtés des cellules servent de base à au moins un enroulement filamentaire longitudinal croisé (14). 1.- Fluid reservoir, under high pressure, in particular compressed air or other gas, of the type consisting of several tubes (1 to 10) of small section forming juxtaposed cells glued to each other and connected to each other radially by at least one orifice (11) to allow the circulation of the pressurized gas from one to the other, each cell of relatively small diameter and / or section receiving its own axial forces and being closed by any means impervious to its ends while at least one of these tubes receives at at least one of its ends a nozzle or orifice for filling and emptying the reservoir, and of the type in which the tubes or cells have sections of geometric shape comprising faces planes making it possible to juxtapose and glue them together, characterized in that the cells are made of plastic and in that four of the sides of the cells serve as the basis for at least one winding longitudinal cross filament (14).
2.- Réservoir de fluides sous pression selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les cellules ont des sections de forme octogonale dont quatre des côtés servent de base à au moins un enroulement filamentaire longitudinal croisé (14) alors que les quatre autres côtés servent au collage et à la mise en communication, par des orifices percés en correspondance (16), des tubes entre eux. 2.- pressurized fluid reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells have octagonal sections of which four of the sides serve as the basis for at least one crossed longitudinal filament winding (14) while the other four sides serve gluing and connecting, by holes drilled in correspondence (16), the tubes between them.
3.- Réservoir selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que chaque cellule reçoit à chacune de ses extrémités un bouchon octogonal collé (15), comportant ou non un ou plusieurs joints toriques d'étanchéité et retenu axialement et mécaniquement par l'enroulement filamentaire longitudinal, et en ce que les cellules collées entre elles délimitent un, ou plusieurs volumes de section carrée qui peuvent également servir de réservoir si leurs extrémités comportent une pièce d'obturation adéquate.3.- Reservoir according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each cell receives at each of its ends a glued octagonal plug (15), with or without one or more O-rings and retained axially and mechanically by the filament winding longitudinal, and in that the cells bonded together delimit one, or more volumes of square section which can also serve as a reservoir if their ends comprise an adequate closure piece.
4.- Réservoir de fluides sous pression selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3 caractérisé en ce que des profilés de forme triangulaire (19) en mousse de polyuréthanne sont positionnés et/ou collés sur la périphérie du réservoir entre les cellules octogonales permettant ainsi de mieux encaisser les efforts radiaux dus à la pression des gaz sur les faces concernées.4.- pressurized fluid tank according to one of claims 2 or 3 characterized in that triangular shaped profiles (19) of polyurethane foam are positioned and / or glued on the periphery of the tank between the octagonal cells thus allowing better absorb the radial forces due to the pressure of the gases on the faces concerned.
5.- Réservoir de fluides sous pression selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque cellule comporte sur les quatre faces planes recevant l'enroulement filamentaire longitudinal, un décrochement permettant de noyer ledit enroulement dans l'épaisseur du décrochement. 5.- pressurized fluid reservoir according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each cell comprises on the four plane faces receiving the longitudinal filament winding, a recess allowing to drown said winding in the thickness of the recess.
6.- Réservoir de fluides sous pression selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de ces tubes ou cellules est maintenu par une enveloppe commune (18) qui participe à encaisser les efforts radiaux exercés sur les parois des cellules. 6.- reservoir of pressurized fluids according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all of these tubes or cells is maintained by a common envelope (18) which participates in absorbing the radial forces exerted on the walls of the cells.
PCT/FR1999/001801 1998-07-22 1999-07-22 Reservoir for fluids under high pressure, in particular compressed air or another gas WO2000005535A1 (en)

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FR9809348A FR2781555B1 (en) 1998-07-22 1998-07-22 CONCEPT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A TANK FOR FLUID, COMPRESSED AIR OR OTHER HIGH PRESSURE GASES
FR98/09348 1998-07-22

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EP1355105A3 (en) * 2002-04-15 2007-01-24 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Pressure vessel
EP1355106A3 (en) * 2002-04-15 2007-01-31 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Pressure vessel
EP1355107A3 (en) * 2002-04-15 2007-05-30 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Pressure vessel
EP1355107A2 (en) 2002-04-15 2003-10-22 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Pressure vessel
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WO2005021312A1 (en) * 2003-09-01 2005-03-10 Brian Anthony Goggin Storage vessel chamber having a relatively weaker seal
US7694840B2 (en) 2003-09-01 2010-04-13 H2Safe, Llc Storage vessel chamber for storing fuels such as hydrogen
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CN104254487A (en) * 2011-12-05 2014-12-31 蓝波股份有限公司 Method for controlling rate of gas escape from breached presssurized containment systems
DE102013113516B4 (en) * 2013-03-28 2018-01-11 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) FLUID STORAGE TANK
CN104421428A (en) * 2013-08-23 2015-03-18 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Fluid storage tank
US9650195B2 (en) 2014-10-24 2017-05-16 H2Safe, Llc Fail-safe containment device for containing volatile fluids
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CN108351071A (en) * 2015-11-25 2018-07-31 联合工艺公司 Recombination pressure container component with integral heating element
US11137112B2 (en) 2015-11-25 2021-10-05 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Composite pressure vessel assembly with an integrated nozzle assembly
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