WO2000003904A1 - Brake actuation method, brake control system, brake system and motor vehicle with a brake system of this type - Google Patents

Brake actuation method, brake control system, brake system and motor vehicle with a brake system of this type Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000003904A1
WO2000003904A1 PCT/EP1999/004956 EP9904956W WO0003904A1 WO 2000003904 A1 WO2000003904 A1 WO 2000003904A1 EP 9904956 W EP9904956 W EP 9904956W WO 0003904 A1 WO0003904 A1 WO 0003904A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
vehicle
parking
service
control
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1999/004956
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Klein
Original Assignee
Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg filed Critical Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg
Publication of WO2000003904A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000003904A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
    • B60T8/4081—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2201/00—Particular use of vehicle brake systems; Special systems using also the brakes; Special software modules within the brake system controller
    • B60T2201/06—Hill holder; Start aid systems on inclined road

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a brake actuation method and brake control according to the preambles of the independent claims. It also relates to a brake system with a brake control system according to the invention and to a motor vehicle with such a brake system.
  • brake systems which have a service brake which is primarily controlled according to the brake pedal, and a parking brake which is actuated by a further actuating device, for example a hand lever.
  • electric parking brakes have been used, which can be operated by electrical switches.
  • the service brake is mainly used to brake the vehicle while driving.
  • the service brake is in Controlled primarily in accordance with the driver's request, that is to say in accordance with the actuation of the brake pedal. Functions such as ABS, brake assistance, traction help, driving stability control, etc. can also be influencing variables for the service brake.
  • the parking brake on the other hand, is used for permanent parking or braking of a vehicle, for example, when it is parked on an inclined surface.
  • Modern service brakes are hydraulic systems that are controlled in accordance with electrical signals.
  • the electrical signals serve specifically to control valves that apply the respective desired pressures to the actual brake cylinders on the brake discs of the wheels.
  • the hydraulic control which converts electrical signals into hydraulic signals, can have many different electrically actuated valves. Under certain operating conditions, this creates a disadvantage: when the vehicle is stopped (and the engine speed and therefore the generator speed are usually comparatively low) and the brake pedal is pressed at the same time to hold the vehicle, various hydraulic control valves have to be in defined positions be held to generate the desired braking forces. It can then happen that more electricity is drawn from the vehicle battery than is supplied to it by the slowly rotating generator.
  • the object of the invention is a
  • a brake actuation method is proposed in which the parking brake is used to brake the vehicle when braking of the vehicle is desired when the vehicle is stationary according to the brake pedal actuation.
  • the service brake can then be kept completely or partially de-energized. This results in a significantly reduced power requirement, so that rapid battery discharge is avoided.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of a brake system according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically the sequence of a brake actuation process.
  • FIG. 1 Before a brake system according to the invention is described with reference to FIG. 1, a brake system to which the invention can be applied will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows a brake system of a vehicle partially in that it shows the service brake, but not the parking brake.
  • brake systems according to the invention also include the parking brake (see e.g. Fig. 1).
  • It is a "wet" brake-by-wire brake system in which the tandem master cylinder generates the brake pressure in special situations, for example emergency braking.
  • the actual braking according to the driver's request takes place via a pressure source, which is controlled according to the driver's request and is connected to the wheel brakes.
  • the brake pedal is shown as reference number 1. It acts on the tandem master cylinder 2.
  • the tandem master cylinder 2 receives hydraulic fluid from an unpressurized reservoir 3. It then supplies two separate circuits with hydraulic fluid under pressure via hydraulic lines 11 and 14. These circles each have electrically actuable control valves 12, 15, 16, 19.
  • the isolation valves 12, 15 can be open or closed when de-energized. If they are open when de-energized, they must be supplied with electricity will be closed. Only then is the tandem master cylinder 2 separated from the wheel brakes 7-10 during normal operation. The same applies to the pressure compensation valves 16, 19.
  • a pressure from a pressure source 20, 21 is supplied to the wheel brakes 7 to 10 via the pump valves 31 in accordance with the driver's request.
  • the pressure source 20, 21 can be formed by a pressure container 21 for hydraulic fluid and a pump 20 operated by a motor 22.
  • the pressurization of the wheel brakes 7-10 is finally also influenced by analog or slide valves 27, 28, which have to be supplied with current in order to assume a defined position. Finally, this also applies to the return valves 32.
  • FIG. 1 shows a hydraulic control with reference number 121, which can also be seen in FIG. 2 as a dashed frame. 1 also shows a wheel 130 by way of example. The same explanations can apply to the other wheels (not shown).
  • the service brake 121, 132 (consisting of Hy draulic control 121 and hydraulic wheel brake 132).
  • a parking brake 131 (not shown in FIG. 2) is also shown on the wheel 130.
  • the brake system also has a brake control 110. It can be an electronic unit that receives suitable input variables 114, 115 and outputs control signals 116, 117, in particular for controlling the parking brake 131 and the service brake 132, 121. As far as the control of the service brake 132, 121 is concerned, the brake controller 110 corresponds to the unit 35 in FIG. 2.
  • the brake controller 110 can be subdivided into individual function blocks, for example into a service brake control device 112 and a parking brake control device 111. These are preferably the two control devices 111 and 112 are connected to one another via a signal line 113, for example an internal or external bus, so that data can be transferred between the two components.
  • the brake controller receives as input signals in particular a signal which indicates the actuation of the brake pedal 1, 118. It also receives a signal that shows whether the vehicle is moving or whether it is stationary.
  • the signal can be generated, for example, by a sensor 133 on the wheel. However, it can also be determined by another speed sensor or tapped from a data bus.
  • the parking brake 131 is used to brake or hold the vehicle.
  • One or both circles of the service brake then do not have to be used to brake or hold the vehicle so that some of the above valves can be de-energized. This saves electricity and prevents the battery from being drained quickly in unfavorable operating conditions.
  • the parking brake in particular can first be actuated until it has reached the required holding force. Then the brake pressure in the service brake can be reduced. Finally, the pump valve is de-energized so that it closes when it is a de-energized closed valve. The analog or slide valves 27, 28 can then be switched off and thus de-energized.
  • the parking brake control device 111 or, more generally, the brake control 110 can call up components of other control functions to generate the control signals 116 for the parking brake 131.
  • a start-up aid (“hill holder”) can be included in the generation of the control signals 116 for the parking brake 131.
  • the parking brake 131 is preferably an electrically actuated parking brake.
  • signal line 116 is preferably an electrical line.
  • the line 122 from the hydraulic controller 121 to the wheel brake 132 is a hydraulic line for pressurized hydraulic fluid.
  • the line 117 from the brake control 110 to the hydraulic control 121 is again an electrical line for transmitting electrical Signals, in particular for controlling the valves mentioned.
  • the brake control 110 can receive further suitable signals, for example those which provide information about the states of the wheel brakes themselves (brake pressure, holding force), or other signals relating to the operating states of the brake system or the vehicle.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a sequence that can be implemented in a brake control in order to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the brake control system according to the invention can be constructed using discrete components. However, it can also be implemented by a suitably programmed computer. This then has access to memory, suitable input signals and generates the required output signals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a brake actuation method in a vehicle whose brake system has a service brake and a parking brake. According to said method, the parking brake is actuated when the vehicle is at a standstill and the brake pedal causes a braking action. A brake control mechanism for controlling a vehicle brake system which has a service brake (8-10, 121, 132) and a parking brake (131) has a signal receiving device (114, 115) which picks up signals relating to the vehicle speed and the activation of the brake pedal, and a control device (110-113) which causes the parking brake (131) to be actuated when it is determined that the vehicle is at a standstill and the brake pedal has been activated. A brake system of a vehicle has a brake control system of this type. A vehicle is equipped with a brake system of this type.

Description

Bremsenbetätigungsverfahren, Bremsensteuerung, Breπ inlage und Kraftfahrzeug mit einer solchen BremsanlageBrake actuation method, brake control, Breπ system and motor vehicle with such a brake system
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Bremsenbetätigungsverfahren und eine Bremsensteuerung gemäß den Oberbegriffen der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Sie bezieht sich außerdem auf eine Bremsanlage mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Bremsensteuerung sowie auf ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer solchen Bremsanlage.The present invention relates to a brake actuation method and brake control according to the preambles of the independent claims. It also relates to a brake system with a brake control system according to the invention and to a motor vehicle with such a brake system.
Bekannt sind bisher Bremsanlagen, die eine Betriebsbremse aufweisen, die primär nach Maßgabe des Bremspedals angesteuert wird, sowie eine Feststellbremse, die durch eine weitere Betätigungseinrichtung, beispielsweise einen Handhebel, betätigt wird. In jüngerer Zeit werden auch elektrische Feststellbremsen verwendet, die durch elektrische Schalter betätigt werden können. Die Betriebsbremse dient dabei hauptsächlich dem Bremsen des Fahrzeugs im Fahrbetrieb. Die Betriebsbremse wird in erster Linie nach Maßgabe des Fahrerwunsches, also nach Maßgabe der Betätigung des Bremspedals angesteuert. Weitere Einflußgrößen für die Betriebsbremse können Funktionen wie ABS, Bremsassistenz, Anfahrhilfe, Fahrstabilitätsregelung usw. sein. Die Feststellbremse dagegen dient dem dauerhaften Parken bzw. Bremsen eines Fahrzeugs beispielsweise dann, wenn es auf geneigtem Untergrund abgestellt wird.So far, brake systems are known which have a service brake which is primarily controlled according to the brake pedal, and a parking brake which is actuated by a further actuating device, for example a hand lever. More recently, electric parking brakes have been used, which can be operated by electrical switches. The service brake is mainly used to brake the vehicle while driving. The service brake is in Controlled primarily in accordance with the driver's request, that is to say in accordance with the actuation of the brake pedal. Functions such as ABS, brake assistance, traction help, driving stability control, etc. can also be influencing variables for the service brake. The parking brake, on the other hand, is used for permanent parking or braking of a vehicle, for example, when it is parked on an inclined surface.
Moderne Betriebsbremsen sind hydraulische Anlagen, die nach Maßgabe von elektrischen Signalen angesteuert werden. Die elektrischen Signale dienen dabei konkret der Ansteuerung von Ventilen, die die eigentlichen Bremszylinder an den Bremsscheiben der Räder mit den jeweils gewünschten Drücken beaufschlagen. Je nach Komplexität einer solchen Betriebsbremse kann die hydraulische Steuerung, die elektrische in hydraulische Signale umwandelt, viele verschiedene elektrisch betätigbare Ventile haben. Unter bestimmten Betriebsbedingungen erwächst daraus ein Nachteil: Wenn das Fahrzeug angehalten ist (und damit einhergehend üblicherweise die Motordrehzahl und damit auch die Generatordrehzahl vergleichsweise gering sind), und gleichzeitig das Bremspedal gedrückt wird, um das Fahrzeug zu halten, müssen verschiedene hydraulische Steuerventile in definierten Positionen gehalten werden, um die gewünschten Bremskräfte zu erzeugen. Es kann dann passieren, daß dadurch der Fahrzeugbatterie mehr Strom entnommen wird, als ihr durch den langsam drehenden Generator zugeführt wird. Dies kann zu Sicherheitsproblemen führen, beispielsweise wenn sich eine Fahrzeugschlange langsam im Stop-and-go-Betrieb eine längere Steigung bergauf bewegt. Der oben angedeutete, ungünstige Betriebszustand hält dann über lange Zeit an, so daß es zu einer unerwünscht starken Entladung der Batterie kommen kann. Das oben beschriebene Problem tritt insbesondere bei modernen, "nassen" Brake-by-wire-Bremsanlagen auf, da hier zur Steuerung des Bremsdrucks und des Zusammenwirkens von Hauptzylinder und Druckquelle vergleichsweise viele elektrisch betätigbare Ventile vorhanden sind.Modern service brakes are hydraulic systems that are controlled in accordance with electrical signals. The electrical signals serve specifically to control valves that apply the respective desired pressures to the actual brake cylinders on the brake discs of the wheels. Depending on the complexity of such a service brake, the hydraulic control, which converts electrical signals into hydraulic signals, can have many different electrically actuated valves. Under certain operating conditions, this creates a disadvantage: when the vehicle is stopped (and the engine speed and therefore the generator speed are usually comparatively low) and the brake pedal is pressed at the same time to hold the vehicle, various hydraulic control valves have to be in defined positions be held to generate the desired braking forces. It can then happen that more electricity is drawn from the vehicle battery than is supplied to it by the slowly rotating generator. This can lead to safety problems, for example when a vehicle queue slowly moves up a long slope in stop-and-go mode. The unfavorable operating state indicated above then lasts for a long time, so that an undesirably strong discharge of the battery can occur. The problem described above occurs in particular in modern, "wet" brake-by-wire brake systems, since there are a comparatively large number of electrically actuable valves for controlling the brake pressure and the interaction of the master cylinder and pressure source.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einThe object of the invention is a
Bremsenbetätigungsverfahren, eine Bremsensteuerung sowie eine Bremsanlage eines Fahrzeugs anzugeben, die in bestimmten Betriebszuständen des Fahrzeugs einen verringerten Energie- und insbesondere Strombedarf haben.Specify brake actuation methods, a brake control and a brake system of a vehicle, which have a reduced energy and in particular electricity requirement in certain operating states of the vehicle.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Abhängige Ansprüche sind auf bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung gerichtet.This object is achieved with the features of the independent claims. Dependent claims are directed on preferred embodiments of the invention.
Vorgeschlagen wird ein Bremsenbetätigungsverfahren, bei dem dann, wenn bei stillstehendem Fahrzeug gemäß Bremspedalbetatigung die Bremsung des Fahrzeugs erwünscht ist, die Feststellbremse zur Bremsung des Fahrzeugs verwendet wird. Die Betriebsbremse kann dann ganz oder teilweise stromlos gehalten werden. Dadurch ergibt sich ein deutlich verringerter Strombedarf, so daß die schnelle Batterieentladung vermieden wird.A brake actuation method is proposed in which the parking brake is used to brake the vehicle when braking of the vehicle is desired when the vehicle is stationary according to the brake pedal actuation. The service brake can then be kept completely or partially de-energized. This results in a significantly reduced power requirement, so that rapid battery discharge is avoided.
Bezugnehmend auf die Zeichnungen werden nun einzelne Ausführungsformen der Erfindung beschrieben, es zeigen:Individual embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 schematisch eine erste erfindungsgemäße Ausfüh rungsform einer Bremsanlage,1 schematically shows a first embodiment of a brake system according to the invention,
Fig. 2 schematisch eine "nasse" Brake-by-wire-2 schematically shows a "wet" brake-by-wire
Bremsanlage, in der die Erfindung angewendet werden kann, und Fig. 3 schematisch den Ablauf eines Bremsenbetätigungs Verfahrens .Brake system in which the invention can be applied, and Fig. 3 shows schematically the sequence of a brake actuation process.
Bevor bezugnehmend auf Figur 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Bremsanlage beschrieben wird, wird anhand von Fig. 2 eine Bremsanlage beschrieben, auf die die Erfindung angewendet werden kann.Before a brake system according to the invention is described with reference to FIG. 1, a brake system to which the invention can be applied will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Bremsanlage eines Fahrzeugs insofern partiell, als sie die Betriebsbremse zeigt, nicht aber die Feststellbremse. Gleich hier wird darauf hingewiesen, daß erfindungsgemäße Bremsanlagen auch die Feststellbremse umfassen (siehe z.B. Fig. 1). Es handelt sich um eine "nasse" Brake-by-wire-Bremsanlage, bei der der Tandem-Hauptzylinder den Bremsdruck in besonderen Situationen, bspw. Notbremsungen, erzeugt. Die eigentliche Bremsung nach Maßgabe des Fahrerwunsches erfolgt über eine Druckquelle, die eben nach Maßgabe des Fahrerwunsches angesteuert und mit den Radbremsen verbunden wird.Fig. 2 shows a brake system of a vehicle partially in that it shows the service brake, but not the parking brake. Right here it is pointed out that brake systems according to the invention also include the parking brake (see e.g. Fig. 1). It is a "wet" brake-by-wire brake system in which the tandem master cylinder generates the brake pressure in special situations, for example emergency braking. The actual braking according to the driver's request takes place via a pressure source, which is controlled according to the driver's request and is connected to the wheel brakes.
In Fig. 2 ist als Bezugsziffer 1 das Bremspedal gezeigt. Es wirkt auf den Tandemhauptzylinder 2 ein. Der Tandemhauptzylinder 2 empfängt Hydraulikfluid aus einem drucklosen Reservoir 3. Über Hydraulikleitungen 11 und 14 versorgt er dann zwei getrennte Kreise mit unter Druck stehendem Hydraulikfluid. Diese Kreise weisen jeweils elektrisch betätigbare Steuerventile 12, 15, 16, 19 auf. Sie verbinden die Radbremsen 7 - 10 mit dem Tandem- Hauptzylinder in den o.g. besonderen Situationen., 27, 28, 32 auf. Diese Ventile sind elektrisch betätigbar und müssen, damit die Bremse wirksam ist, sich in bestimmten Stellungen befinden. Die Trennventile 12, 15 können stromlos offen oder stromlos geschlossen sein. Wenn sie stromlos offen sind, müssen sie durch Stromzufuhr ge schlössen werden. Nur dann ist der Tandemhauptzylinder 2 im normalen Betrieb von den Radbremsen 7 - 10 getrennt. Sinngemäß verhält es sich für die Druckausgleichsventile 16, 19.In Fig. 2, the brake pedal is shown as reference number 1. It acts on the tandem master cylinder 2. The tandem master cylinder 2 receives hydraulic fluid from an unpressurized reservoir 3. It then supplies two separate circuits with hydraulic fluid under pressure via hydraulic lines 11 and 14. These circles each have electrically actuable control valves 12, 15, 16, 19. You connect the wheel brakes 7 - 10 to the tandem master cylinder in the above-mentioned special situations., 27, 28, 32. These valves are electrically operated and must be in certain positions for the brake to operate. The isolation valves 12, 15 can be open or closed when de-energized. If they are open when de-energized, they must be supplied with electricity will be closed. Only then is the tandem master cylinder 2 separated from the wheel brakes 7-10 during normal operation. The same applies to the pressure compensation valves 16, 19.
Über die Pumpenventile 31 wird im normalen Betrieb nach Maßgabe des Fahrerwunsches ein Druck aus einer Druckquelle 20, 21 den Radbremsen 7 bis 10 zugeführt. Wenn die Pumpenventile stromlos geschlossen sind, benötigen sie im normalen Betrieb Stromzufuhr, um sie in der offenen Position zu halten. Die Druckquelle 20, 21 kann durch einen Druckbehälter 21 für Hydraulikfluid und eine durch einen Motor 22 betriebene Pumpe 20 gebildet sein. Die Druckbeaufschlagung der Radbremsen 7 - 10 wird schließlich auch durch Analog- oder Schiebeventile 27, 28 beeinflußt, die zur Einnahme einer definierten Position mit Strom beaufschlagt werden müssen. Dies gilt schließlich auch für die Rücklaufventile 32.In normal operation, a pressure from a pressure source 20, 21 is supplied to the wheel brakes 7 to 10 via the pump valves 31 in accordance with the driver's request. When the pump valves are closed when de-energized, they need power in normal operation to keep them in the open position. The pressure source 20, 21 can be formed by a pressure container 21 for hydraulic fluid and a pump 20 operated by a motor 22. The pressurization of the wheel brakes 7-10 is finally also influenced by analog or slide valves 27, 28, which have to be supplied with current in order to assume a defined position. Finally, this also applies to the return valves 32.
Somit kann der Fall auftreten, daß bei Betätigung der Betriebsbremse viele der Ventile zur Einnahme einer definierten Lage sowie der Motor 22 der Pumpe 20 Strom ziehen, dieser aber dann, wenn sich das Fahrzeug im Stillstand befindet, über die dann langsam drehende Lichtmaschine nur unvollständig ersetzt wird. Dies führt zu einer Nettoentnahme, die je nach Zeitdauer unangenehm oder sogar gefährlich werden kann.Thus, the case may occur that many of the valves for taking a defined position and the motor 22 of the pump 20 draw current when the service brake is actuated, but this is only incompletely replaced when the vehicle is at a standstill via the then slowly rotating alternator becomes. This leads to a net withdrawal which, depending on the length of time, can become uncomfortable or even dangerous.
Deshalb wird eine Ergänzung der Bremsanlage wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt vorgeschlagen. Fig. 1 zeigt mit Bezugsziffer 121 eine Hydrauliksteuerung, die als gestrichelter Rahmen auch in Fig. 2 zu sehen ist. Fig. 1 zeigt beispielhaft weiterhin ein Rad 130. Für die übrigen, nicht gezeigten Räder können dieselben Erläuterungen gelten. Auf das Rad 130 wirkt die Betriebsbremse 121, 132 (bestehend aus Hy draulik-Steuerung 121 und hydraulischer Radbremse 132) ein. Daneben ist am Rad 130 auch eine (in Fig. 2 nicht gezeigte) Feststellbremse 131 gezeigt.Therefore, a supplement to the brake system as shown in Fig. 1 is proposed. 1 shows a hydraulic control with reference number 121, which can also be seen in FIG. 2 as a dashed frame. 1 also shows a wheel 130 by way of example. The same explanations can apply to the other wheels (not shown). The service brake 121, 132 (consisting of Hy draulic control 121 and hydraulic wheel brake 132). In addition, a parking brake 131 (not shown in FIG. 2) is also shown on the wheel 130.
Die Bremsanlage weist außerdem eine Bremsensteuerung 110 auf. Es kann sich um eine elektronische Einheit handeln, die geeignete Eingangsgrößen 114, 115 empfängt und Steuersignale 116, 117 insbesondere zur Steuerung der Feststellbreme 131 und der Betriebsbremse 132, 121 ausgibt. Soweit die Ansteuerung der Betriebsbremse 132, 121 betroffen ist, entspricht die Bremsensteuerung 110 der Einheit 35 in Fig. 2. Die Bremsensteuerung 110 kann in einzelne Funktionsblöcke untergliedert sein, beispielsweise in eine Betriebsbremsen- Steuerungseinrichtung 112 und eine Feststellbremsen- Steuerungseinrichtung 111. Vorzugsweise sind diese beiden Steuerungseinrichtungen 111 und 112 über eine Signalleitung 113, beispielsweise einen internen oder externen Bus, miteinander verbunden, so daß eine Datenübertragung zwischen den beiden Komponenten stattfinden kann.The brake system also has a brake control 110. It can be an electronic unit that receives suitable input variables 114, 115 and outputs control signals 116, 117, in particular for controlling the parking brake 131 and the service brake 132, 121. As far as the control of the service brake 132, 121 is concerned, the brake controller 110 corresponds to the unit 35 in FIG. 2. The brake controller 110 can be subdivided into individual function blocks, for example into a service brake control device 112 and a parking brake control device 111. These are preferably the two control devices 111 and 112 are connected to one another via a signal line 113, for example an internal or external bus, so that data can be transferred between the two components.
Als Eingangssignale empfängt die Bremsensteuerung insbesondere ein Signal, das die Betätigung des Bremspedals 1, 118 anzeigt. Außerdem empfängt sie ein Signal, das erkennen läßt, ob sich das Fahrzeug bewegt oder ob es stillsteht. Das Signal kann beispielsweise von einem Sensor 133 am Rad erzeugt werden. Es kann aber auch durch einen anderen Geschwindigkeitssensor ermittelt werden oder von einem Datenbus abgegriffen werden.The brake controller receives as input signals in particular a signal which indicates the actuation of the brake pedal 1, 118. It also receives a signal that shows whether the vehicle is moving or whether it is stationary. The signal can be generated, for example, by a sensor 133 on the wheel. However, it can also be determined by another speed sensor or tapped from a data bus.
Wenn die Bremsensteuerung erkennt, daß einerseits gemäß Bremspedalbetatigung das Fahrzeug zu bremsen ist, aber andererseits das Fahrzeug stillsteht, wird zum Bremsen bzw. Halten des Fahrzeugs die Feststellbremse 131 verwendet. Ein Kreis oder beide Kreise der Betriebsbremse müssen dann zum Bremsen bzw. Halten des Fahrzeugs nicht verwendet werden, so daß einige der obengenannten Ventile stromlos gestellt werden können. Dadurch wird Strom gespart und ein schnelles Entleeren der Batterie in ungünstigen Betriebszuständen vermieden.If the brake control recognizes that the vehicle is to be braked in accordance with the brake pedal actuation but on the other hand the vehicle is stationary, the parking brake 131 is used to brake or hold the vehicle. One or both circles of the service brake then do not have to be used to brake or hold the vehicle so that some of the above valves can be de-energized. This saves electricity and prevents the battery from being drained quickly in unfavorable operating conditions.
Wenn die obengenannte Situation (Fahrzeug steht still und Bremspedal betätigt) erkannt wird, kann insbesondere zunächst die Feststellbremse so weit betätigt werden, bis sie die erforderliche Haltekraft erreicht hat. Dann kann der Bremsdruck in der Betriebsbremse abgebaut werden. Schließlich wird das Pumpenventil stromlos gestellt, so daß es sich schließt, wenn es sich um ein Stromlos- geschlossen-Ventil handelt. Danach können die Analogoder Schiebeventile 27, 28 abgeschaltet und damit stromlos gemacht werden.If the above-mentioned situation (vehicle is stationary and the brake pedal is depressed) is recognized, the parking brake in particular can first be actuated until it has reached the required holding force. Then the brake pressure in the service brake can be reduced. Finally, the pump valve is de-energized so that it closes when it is a de-energized closed valve. The analog or slide valves 27, 28 can then be switched off and thus de-energized.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann die Feststellbremsen-Steuerungseinrichtung 111 bzw. allgemeiner die Bremsensteuerung 110 zur Erzeugung der Steuersignale 116 für die Feststellbremse 131 Komponenten anderer Steuerungsfunktionen aufrufen. So kann beispielsweise eine Anfahrhilfe ("hillholder") in die Erzeugung der Steuersignale 116 für die Feststellbremse 131 einbezogen werden.In a preferred embodiment, the parking brake control device 111 or, more generally, the brake control 110 can call up components of other control functions to generate the control signals 116 for the parking brake 131. For example, a start-up aid (“hill holder”) can be included in the generation of the control signals 116 for the parking brake 131.
Die Feststellbremse 131 ist vorzugsweise eine elektrisch betätigbare Feststellbremse.The parking brake 131 is preferably an electrically actuated parking brake.
In Fig. 1 ist die Signalleitung 116 vorzugsweise eine elektrische Leitung. Die Leitung 122 von der Hydrauliksteuerung 121 zur Radbremse 132 ist eine Hydraulikleitung für druckbeaufschlagtes Hydraulikfluid. Die Leitung 117 von der Bremsensteuerung 110 zur Hydrauliksteuerung 121 ist dagegen wieder eine elektrische Leitung zur Übermittlung elektrischer Signale, insbesondere zur Ansteuerung der genannten Ventile. Neben den bereits genannten Eingangssignalen 114, 115 betreffend Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit und Bremspedalbetatigung kann die Bremsensteuerung 110 weitere geeignete Signale empfangen, beispielsweise solche, die Auskunft über Zustände der Radbremsen selbst liefern (Bremsdruck, Haltekraft), oder andere Signale betreffend Betriebszustände der Bremsanlage oder des Fahrzeugs .In Fig. 1, signal line 116 is preferably an electrical line. The line 122 from the hydraulic controller 121 to the wheel brake 132 is a hydraulic line for pressurized hydraulic fluid. The line 117 from the brake control 110 to the hydraulic control 121, on the other hand, is again an electrical line for transmitting electrical Signals, in particular for controlling the valves mentioned. In addition to the input signals 114, 115 already mentioned relating to vehicle speed and brake pedal actuation, the brake control 110 can receive further suitable signals, for example those which provide information about the states of the wheel brakes themselves (brake pressure, holding force), or other signals relating to the operating states of the brake system or the vehicle.
Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch einen Ablauf, der in einer Bremsensteuerung implementiert sein kann, um das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchzuführen. Nach dem Start 301 wird im Schritt 302 überprüft, ob das Bremspedal betätigt ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall, ist der Ablauf am Punkt 306 beendet. Wenn das Bremspedal betätigt ist, wird im Schritt 303 überprüft, ob das Fahrzeug stillsteht (Geschwindigkeit v = 0?). Ist dies nicht der Fall, ist der Vorgang ebenfalls beendet (Schritt 306). Wenn auch die Geschwindigkeit Null ist, wird im Schritt 304 die Feststellbremse betätigt, bis sie das Fahrzeug hält. Danach kann im Schritt 305 die Betriebsbremse bzw. Komponenten hiervon stromlos gestellt werden. Danach ist der Vorgang beendet (Schritt 307). Die Abfragen 302 und 303 können in ihrer Reihenfolge vertauscht sein.FIG. 3 schematically shows a sequence that can be implemented in a brake control in order to carry out the method according to the invention. After start 301 it is checked in step 302 whether the brake pedal is actuated. If this is not the case, the process is ended at point 306. If the brake pedal is actuated, it is checked in step 303 whether the vehicle is stationary (speed v = 0?). If this is not the case, the process is also ended (step 306). If the speed is also zero, the parking brake is applied in step 304 until it stops the vehicle. The service brake or components thereof can then be de-energized in step 305. The process is then ended (step 307). Queries 302 and 303 can be reversed in order.
Die erfindungsgemäße Bremsensteuerung kann durch diskrete Bauelemente aufgebaut sein. Sie kann aber auch durch einen geeignet programmierten Rechner implementiert werden. Dieser hat dann Zugriff auf Speicher, geeignete Eingangssignale und erzeugt die geforderten Ausgangssignale . The brake control system according to the invention can be constructed using discrete components. However, it can also be implemented by a suitably programmed computer. This then has access to memory, suitable input signals and generates the required output signals.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Bremsenbetätigungsverfahren für ein Fahrzeug, des sen Bremsanlage eine Betriebsbremse und eine Fest stellbremse aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Fahrzeugstillstand dann, wenn durch das Bremspedal eine Bremsung veranlaßt wird, die Feststellbremse betätigt wird.Brake actuation method for a vehicle, the sen brake system has a service brake and a parking brake, characterized in that when the vehicle is at a standstill when braking is initiated by the brake pedal, the parking brake is actuated.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Fahrzeugstillstand dann, wenn durch das Bremspedal eine Bremsung veranlaßt wird, die Betriebsbremse nicht oder nur teilweise betätigt wird.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that when the vehicle is at a standstill, if braking is initiated by the brake pedal, the service brake is not or only partially activated.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Fahrzeugstillstand dann, wenn durch das Bremspedal eine Bremsung veranlaßt wird, ein oder mehrere elektrisch betätigbare Ventile der Betriebsbremse stromlos gestellt werden.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when the vehicle is at a standstill, if braking is initiated by the brake pedal, one or more electrically operated valves of the service brake are de-energized.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Fahrzeugstillstand dann, wenn durch das Bremspedal eine Bremsung veranlaßt wird, die Feststellbremse nach Maßgabe einer Anfahrhilfen-Funktion oder einer "hillholder"- Funktion betätigt wird. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that when the vehicle is at a standstill, if braking is initiated by the brake pedal, the parking brake is actuated in accordance with a starting aid function or a "hill holder" function.
. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 für ein Fahrzeug, dessen Betriebsbremse ein Pumpenventil zum Zu- und Abschalten einer Druckquelle und ein Analogventil zum Steuern des Drucks in einer Radbremse aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Fahrzeugstillstand dann, wenn durch das Bremspedal eine Bremsung veranlaßt wird, die Feststellbremse betätigt wird, bis sie die erforderliche Haltekraft erreicht hat, dann der Bremsdruck in der Betriebsbremse abgebaut wird, und danach die Pumpenventile geschlossen und zeitversetzt die Analogventile abgeschaltet werden.. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4 for a vehicle, the service brake has a pump valve for switching a pressure source on and off and an analog valve for controlling the pressure in a wheel brake, characterized in that when the vehicle is at a standstill, braking is initiated by the brake pedal the parking brake is actuated until it has reached the required holding force, then the brake pressure in the service brake is reduced, and then the pump valves are closed and the analog valves are switched off with a time delay.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ansteuerung der Feststellbremse nach Maßgabe der Vorgaben für die Betriebsbremse sowie nach Maßgabe des Fahrerwunsches erfolgt.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the parking brake is activated in accordance with the specifications for the service brake and in accordance with the driver's request.
7. Bremsensteuerung zur Steuerung einer eine Betriebs bremse (8 - 10, 121, 132) und eine Feststellbremse (131) aufweisenden Bremsanlage eines Fahrzeugs, mit einer Signalaufnahmeeinrichtung (114, 115), die Signale betreffend Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit und Bremspedalbetatigung aufnimmt, gekennzeichnet durch eine Steuerungseinrichtung (110 - 113), die dann, wenn Fahrzeugstillstand und Bremspedalbetatigung festgestellt werden, eine Betätigung der Feststellbremse (131) veranlaßt. 7. Brake control for controlling a service brake (8-10, 121, 132) and a parking brake (131) having a vehicle brake system, with a signal recording device (114, 115) which receives signals relating to vehicle speed and brake pedal actuation, characterized by a control device (110-113) which, when vehicle standstill and brake pedal actuation are determined, actuate the parking brake (131).
8. Bremsensteuerung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betriebsbremse eine hydraulische Bremse mit elektrisch betätigbaren Ventilen (12, 15, 16, 19, 27, 28, 31, 32, 39) und die Feststellbremse elektrisch betätigbar ist.8. Brake control according to claim 7, characterized in that the service brake is a hydraulic brake with electrically actuated valves (12, 15, 16, 19, 27, 28, 31, 32, 39) and the parking brake is electrically actuated.
9. Bremsensteuerung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betriebsbremse ein Pumpenventil (31) zum Zu- und Abschalten einer Druckquelle (20, 21) und ein Analogventil (27, 28) zum Steuern des Drucks in einer Radbremse (7 - 10, 132) aufweist.9. Brake control according to claim 8, characterized in that the service brake a pump valve (31) for switching on and off a pressure source (20, 21) and an analog valve (27, 28) for controlling the pressure in a wheel brake (7-10, 132).
10. Bremsensteuerung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerungseinrichtung eine Betriebsbremsen-Steuerungseinrichtung (112) und eine mit ihr über eine Signalleitung (113) verbundene Feststellbremsen-Steuerungseinrichtung (111) aufweist, die Signale und/oder Daten miteinander austauschen und die Steuersignale (116, 117) jeweils zur Steuerung der Betriebsbremse bzw. der Feststellbremse erzeugen.10. Brake control according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the control device comprises a service brake control device (112) and a parking brake control device (111) connected to it via a signal line (113), which exchange signals and / or data with one another and generate the control signals (116, 117) each for controlling the service brake or the parking brake.
11. Bremsensteuerung nach Anspruch 9 und 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerungseinrichtung (110 - 113) bei Fahrzeugstillstand und Bremspedalbetäti gung das Steuerungssignal (116) zur Betätigung der Feststellbremse erzeugt und danach das Pumpenventil und das Analogventil stromlos stellt.11. Brake control according to claim 9 and 10, characterized in that the control device (110 - 113) when the vehicle is stationary and brake pedal actuation, the control signal (116) for actuating the parking brake is generated and then the pump valve and the analog valve is de-energized.
12. Bremsanlage eines Fahrzeugs, mit einer vorzugsweise hydraulischen Betriebsbremse, einer vorzugsweise elektrisch betätigbaren Feststellbremse, gekennzeichnet durch eine Bremsensteuerung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11 zur Steuerung der Be triebsbremse und der Feststellbremse. 12. Brake system of a vehicle, with a preferably hydraulic service brake, a preferably electrically operated parking brake, characterized by a brake control according to one of claims 7 to 11 for controlling the operating brake and the parking brake.
3. Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Bremsanlage nach Anspruch 12. 3. Motor vehicle with a brake system according to claim 12.
PCT/EP1999/004956 1998-07-14 1999-07-13 Brake actuation method, brake control system, brake system and motor vehicle with a brake system of this type WO2000003904A1 (en)

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