WO2000002647A1 - Bio-catalytic filter - Google Patents

Bio-catalytic filter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000002647A1
WO2000002647A1 PCT/GR1999/000025 GR9900025W WO0002647A1 WO 2000002647 A1 WO2000002647 A1 WO 2000002647A1 GR 9900025 W GR9900025 W GR 9900025W WO 0002647 A1 WO0002647 A1 WO 0002647A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
kentucky
biological filter
cigarettes
smoke
lights
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GR1999/000025
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Basil Macris
George Tsiropoulos
Original Assignee
Basil Macris
George Tsiropoulos
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Basil Macris, George Tsiropoulos filed Critical Basil Macris
Priority to AU45273/99A priority Critical patent/AU4527399A/en
Publication of WO2000002647A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000002647A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
    • A24D3/145—Microbial metabolite, e.g. enzyme
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • B01D53/85—Biological processes with gas-solid contact
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • This invention refers to the development of a filter from conventional materials, on which specific biological catalysts (oxidoreductases, methemoglo- bin) have been immobilized.
  • This filter removes harmful substances contained in tobacco smoke, indoors and outdoors polluted air and engine exhaust.
  • benzene 6 1,3 butadiene 7 , nitric oxide 1 , carbon dioxide 16 , lead 17 , carbon monoxide 2 , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon hydrocarbons 18 and ozone 19 .
  • indoor air pollutants besides nitrogen dioxide and carbon monox- ide, are asbestos , pesticides , radon gas , cigarette smoke, formalde- hyde and several volatile organic toxic compounds.
  • the Diagram A depicts a cigarette with the conventional and the BC-F I filter.
  • the BC-F I consists of 200 mg of conventional materials (activated carbon particles) on which the enzymes and hemoglobin have been immobilized (adsorbed).
  • SOD Superoxide dismutase
  • Hemoglobin Peroxidase (Horse Radish Peroxidase, HRP). The enzyme was a product of the Sigma Chemical Co., USA. Hemoglobin
  • KENTUCKY 1R3F search cigarettes, tobacco health research, University of Kentucky, Code 1R3F, tar 15.0 mg/cigarette, nicotine 1.16 mg/cigarette
  • KENTUCKY 1R4F search cigarettes, tobacco health research, University of Kentucky, Code 1R4F, tar 9.2 mg/cigarette, nicotine 0.8 mg/cigarette
  • the enzymes and hemoglobin were immobilized by adso ⁇ tion on conventional materials (activated carbon particles) in the form of a water solution.
  • the latter contained 100 Units of SOD, 100 Units of HRP and 2 mg hemo- globin.
  • the materials were dried under vacuum at 35°C and assembled on the cigarette filter as shown in Diagram A.
  • Cigarette smoke contains gaseous and solid compounds. The latter were separated with the aid of the special filter Cambridge, located between the filter and the syringe used for sampling (Diagram B)

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

Retention of the harmful and carcinogenic substances acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, benzene, benzo[α]pyrene, 1,3 butadiene, 2-butanone, hydrogen sulphide, isoprene, methanethiol, nitric oxide and toluene from tobacco smoke, indoor and outdoor air and engine exhaust, using a mixture of the biological catalysts (enzymes) superoxide dismutase and peroxidase together with methemoglobin, immobilized on a conventional solid matrix.

Description

DESCRIPTION
BIO-CATALYTIC FILTER
This invention refers to the development of a filter from conventional materials, on which specific biological catalysts (oxidoreductases, methemoglo- bin) have been immobilized. This filter removes harmful substances contained in tobacco smoke, indoors and outdoors polluted air and engine exhaust.
Tobacco smoking addiction is more prevailing worldwide than alcohol and drugs put together1 causing serious health problems and killing more peo- pie. Despite this, the number of people that smoke cigarettes increases every day.
There are numerous substances in the cigarette smoke. Among the harmful ones are2: ammonia, benzopyrene, dimethylnitrosamine, catechol, meth- ylquinolines, methylnaphthalene, nitrosopyrrolidine, quinoline, pyrene, hy- drogen cyanide, pyridine, nicotine, hydrazine-6.2-naphthylamine, hydrogen cyanide, phenols. Also, as harmful substances have been reported acetaldehyde3, acetone4, acrolein5, benzene6, 1,3 butadiene7, 2-butanone8, free radicals9, isoprene10, methanethiol11, nitric oxide12, carbon monoxide 2, toluene13, hydrogen sulphide14 and peroxides9. In the outdoor (atmospheric) and indoor (interior) polluted air there are many harmful gases. In the atmospheric air, the most important are: benzene6, 1,3 butadiene7, nitric oxide1 , carbon dioxide16, lead17, carbon monoxide2, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon hydrocarbons18 and ozone19. Among indoor air pollutants, besides nitrogen dioxide and carbon monox- ide, are asbestos , pesticides , radon gas , cigarette smoke, formalde- hyde and several volatile organic toxic compounds.
Finally, the main exhaust gases from combustion of fossil fuels in engines
• * *7 are carbon monoxide , simple (1,3 butadiene ) and cyclic hydrocarbons (benzene2). The Diagram A depicts a cigarette with the conventional and the BC-F I filter. The BC-F I consists of 200 mg of conventional materials (activated carbon particles) on which the enzymes and hemoglobin have been immobilized (adsorbed).
Enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD). It was prepared from cells of the yeast Sac- charomyces cerevisiae. The intracellular enzyme was partially purified with organic solvents, lyophilized and stored in the freezer.
Peroxidase (Horse Radish Peroxidase, HRP). The enzyme was a product of the Sigma Chemical Co., USA. Hemoglobin
It was a commercial product (methemoglobin), provided by the HARTMEX BV Co., Holland. It contained (μmole/gr): Methemoglobin (MetHb) > 36 and Oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) < 4.5. Cigarettes
The cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F (research cigarettes, tobacco health research, University of Kentucky, Code 1R3F, tar 15.0 mg/cigarette, nicotine 1.16 mg/cigarette) and KENTUCKY 1R4F (research cigarettes, tobacco health research, University of Kentucky, Code 1R4F, tar 9.2 mg/cigarette, nicotine 0.8 mg/cigarette), internationally recognized as reference cigarettes, were used. For comparison reasons, the cigarettes with a biological filter (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) BF Full Flavor (SEKAP Co., Athens, Xanthi, Greece, tar 14.0 mg/cigarette, nicotine 1.0 mg cigarette) and BF Lights (SEKAP Co., Athens, Xanthi, Greece, tar 8.0 mg/cigarette, nicotine 0.7 mg/cigarette)..
Enrichment of filter with enzymes and hemoglobin
The enzymes and hemoglobin were immobilized by adsoφtion on conventional materials (activated carbon particles) in the form of a water solution. The latter contained 100 Units of SOD, 100 Units of HRP and 2 mg hemo- globin. Following adsoφtion, the materials were dried under vacuum at 35°C and assembled on the cigarette filter as shown in Diagram A.
Analytical methods
Cigarette smoke contains gaseous and solid compounds. The latter were separated with the aid of the special filter Cambridge, located between the filter and the syringe used for sampling (Diagram B)
Gases. Samples of 35 ml were taken at the 2nd, 4th and 6th puff. The puffs were separated by one minute intervals and each puff lasted 2 sec. This method was preferred over the collection of puffs in a special container (balloon) due to significant losses of measured compounds encountered with the latter device.
Gas Chromatography - Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (GC-UV). A new apparatus24 was employed for the determination of the gaseous substances acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, 1,3 butadiene, 2-butanone, hydrogen sul- fide, isoprene, methanethiol, nitric oxide and toluene. For quantitative comparison reasons, the analysis was carried out under the same conditions, that is:
Chromatography column : PRP3, 8 cm length, 1.6 mm diameter Carrying gas : Nitrogen, lO ml/min Temperature range : 55-130°C (10 °C/min) 130-160°C (4 °C/min) Sample volume: 450 μl (room temperature) Detector : UV spectrophotometer (166-330 nm)
Solid substances. They are contained in the tar collected on an appropriate filter (Cambridge) during the first 6 puffs. The benzo[α]pyrene was deter- mined as reported m the literature
The results appear in the Figures la(la/l , la/2, la/3, l a/4), lb(lb/l , l b/2, lb/3, lb/4), lc(lc/l , lc/2, lc/3), 2a(2a/l , 2a/2, 2a/3, 2a/4), 2b(2b/l , 2b/2, 2b/3, 2b/4), 2c(2c/l , 2c/2, 2c/3), 3 and 4. The comparison of constituents in the smoke was made between cigarettes with the conventional and BC-F I filter. Three replicates, randomly designed, were used in measurement. In all measurements, the standard deviation was practically <10%.
In the Figures l a-lc and 2a-2c a comparison was made between KENTUCKY 1R3F and BF Full Flavor and between KENTUCKY 1R4F and BF Lights, respectively. The results concern the retention of the harmful compounds acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, benzene, 1 ,3 butadiene, 2- butanone, hydrogen sulfide, isoprene, methanethiol, nitric oxide and toluene by the BC-F I filter during the 2nd, 4th and 6th puffs is concerned. The Figure 3 shows the retention of benzo[α]pyrene by the BC-F I filter during the first six puffs. Finally, in the Figure 4, the average retention of harmful constitu- ents in the smoke of tested cigarettes by BC-F I is depicted.
LITERATURE
1. Consequences of Cigarette, Alcohol and Other Drug Use. 1998. Columbia/HCA Healthcare Corporation, Galen Healthcare. Inc., USA (http:// www.columbia.hca.com/) 2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Publication nos. (PHS) 79-50066,81-50156 and 82-50179 3. Sprince, H 1985. Protective action of sulfur compounds against aldehyde toxicants of cigarette smoke \%5..Eur. J. Respir. Dis. Suppl, 139: 102-12
4. Charbonneau, M.; Brodeur, J., du Souich, P., Plaa, G.L.1986. Correlation between acetone-potentiated CC14-induced liver injury and blood concentrations after inhalation or oral administration. Toxi- col. Appl. Pharmacol., 84: 286-94
5. Hoffmann, D., Melikian, A. A., Brunnemann, K.D. Studies in tobacco carcinogenesis.1991. IARC Sci Publ, 105: 482-4
6. Hoffmann, D., Melikian, A. A., Wynder, E.L. Scientific challenges in environmental carcinogenesis. 1996. Prev. Med, 25: 14-22,
7. Hallberg, L M., Bechtold, W.E., Grady, J., Legator, M.S., Au, W.W. 1997. Abnormal DNA repair activities in lymphocytes of workers exposed to 1 ,3-butadiene. Toxicol. , 1 13: 247-52, 1996; Mu- tat. Res., 383: 213-21 8. Chen, H.F., Hee, S.S. 1995. Ketone EC50 values in the Microtox test. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 30(2): 120-3 9. Pryor, W.A. 1997. Cigarette smoke radicals and the role of free radicals in chemical carcinogenicity. Environ. Health Perspect,
105(4): 875-82 lO.Melnick, R.L., Sills, R.C., Roycroft, J.H., Chou, B.J., Ragan, H.A.,
Miller, R.A. 1996. Inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity of iso- prene in rats and mice: comparisons with 1 ,3-butadiene. Toxicol ,
113: 247-52 l l .Finkelstein, A., Benevenga, N.J. 1986. The effect of methanethiol and methionine toxicity on the activities of cytochrome c oxidase and enzymes involved in protection from peroxidative damage. J. Nutr. 1 16(2): 204-15
12.Yoshie, Y., Ohshima, H. 1997. Synergistic induction of DNA strand breakage by cigarette tar and nitric oxide. Carcinogenesis, \&(7):
1359-63
13. Flanagan, R.J., Ruprah, M., Meredith, T.J., Ramsey, J.D. 1990. An introduction to the clinical toxicology of volatile substances.
Drug Saf. 5(5): 359-83
14. Guidotti, T.L. 1966. Hydrogen sulphide. Occup Med (Oxf), 46(5); 367-71
15.Menzel, D.B. 1992. Antioxidant vitamins and prevention of lung disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 669: 141-55
16. Pool, B.L., Janowsky, I., Klein, P., Klein, R.G., Schmezer, P., Vogt- Leucht, G., Zeller, W.J. 1998. Effects of S02 or NOx on toxic and genotoxic properties of chemical carcinogens. I. In vitro studies. Carcinogenesis, 9(7): 1237-45 17.Schaefer, M. 1994. Children and toxic substances: confronting a major public health challenge. Environ. Health Perspect 102 (2): 155- 6 lδ.Nebert, D.W. 1981. Genetic differences in susceptibility to chemically induced myelotoxicity and leukemia. Environ. Health Perspect 39: 11-22
19.Menzel, D.B. 1984. Ozone: an overview of its toxicity in man and animals. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 13(2-3): 183-204 20.Koshi, K., Kohyama, N., Myojo, T., Fukuda, K. 1991. Cell toxicity, hemolytic action and clastogenic activity of asbestos and its sub- stitutes. Ind. Health 29(2) 37-56
21. al Saleh, LA. 1994. Pesticides: a review article. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 13(3): 151-61 22.Piao, C.Q., Hei, T.K. 1993. The biological effectiveness of radon daughter alpha particles. I. Radon, cigarette smoke and oncogenic transformation. Carcinogen. 14(3): 497-501
23.Restani, P., Galli, C.L. 1991. Oral toxicity of formaldehyde and its derivatives. Crit. Rev. Toxicol, 21(5): 315-28
24.Lagesson-Andrasko, L., Lagesson, V., Andrasko, J. 1998. The use of Gas-Phase spectra in the 168-330. Wavelength region for analytical purposes. 1. Qualitative Measurements. Anal. Chem. 70(5): 819- 826
25.Kershaw, J. R. 1996. Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in coal tar and related products. Fuel, 75(4): 522-524

Claims

1. A filter (BC-F I), made of conventional materials, was enriched with the biological catalysts superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and methemoglo- bin (Fe +), for the retention of different harmful compounds. The latter compounds exist in the tobacco (cigarette) smoke, in the outdoor and indoor air and in the engine exhaust.
2. The tested harmful compounds were partially or totally removed by BC- F I and comprised acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, benzo[α]pyrene, 1,3 butadiene, 2-butanone, hydrogen sulphide, isoprene, methanethiol, nitric oxide and toluene
3. Acetaldehyde, a harmful compound3 , was removed by BC-F I from the gaseous phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KENTUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Lights (average of 2nd, 4th and 6th puff) by
89.1%, 91.1%, 93.5% and 95.5%, respectively.
4. Acetone, a harmful compound , was removed by BC-F I from the gaseous phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KENTUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF (BIOLOGI- CAL FILTER) Lights (average of 2nd, 4th and 6th puff) by 97.8%, 97.6%,
99.8% and 99.8%., respectively.
5. Acrolein, a harmful compound5, was removed by BC-F I from the gaseous phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KENTUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF (BIOLOGI- CAL FILTER) Lights (average of 2nd, 4th and 6th puff) by 97.7%,
97.6%, 99.8% and 99.8%, respectively
6. Benzene, a harmful compound6 , was removed by BC-F I from the gaseous phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KENTUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF (BIOLOGI- CAL FILTER) Lights (average of 2nd, 4th and 6th puff) by 99.7%,
99.6%, 99.9% and 99.9%., respectively
1. Benzo[α]pyrene, a harmful compound , was removed by BC-F I from the solid phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KENTUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Lights (average of the first 6 puffs) by 6.1 %,
4.7%, 29.4%o and 23.8%, respectively
8. 1,3 Butadiene, a harmful compound7 , was removed by BC-F I from the gaseous phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KENTUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Lights (average of 2nd, 4th and 6th puff) by 94.0%, 94.7%, 97.4% and 98.4%., respectively
9. 2-Butanone, a harmful compound , was removed by BC-F I from the gaseous phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KEN- TUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF
(BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Lights (average of 2nd, 4th and 6th puff) by
99.6%, 99.7%, 99.6% and 99.5%, respectively
10. Isoprene, a harmful compound10 , was removed by BC-F I from the gaseous phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KEN- TUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF
(BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Lights (average of 2nd, 4th and 6th puff) by
98.0%, 97.0%, 98.8% and 99.3%, respectively
11. Methanethiol, a harmful compound11 , was removed by BC-F I from the gaseous phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KEN- TUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF
(BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Lights (average of 2nd, 4th and 6th puff) by
97.5%, 97.6%, 98.8% and 98.4%, respectively
12. Nitric oxide, a harmful compound12 , was removed by BC-F I from the gaseous phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KEN- TUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF
(BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Lights (average of 2nd, 4th and 6th puff) by
18.3%, 16.9%, 25.5% and 45.1%, respectively
13. Toluene, a harmful compound13 , was removed by BC-F I from the gaseous phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KEN- TUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF
(BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Lights (average of 2nd, 4th and 6th puff) by
98.6%, 97.3%, 98.9% and 97.4%, respectively
14. Hydrogen sulfide, a harmful compound14 , was removed by BC-F I from the gaseous phase of smoke of the cigarettes KENTUCKY 1R3F, KENTUCKY 1R4F, BF (BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Full Flavor and BF
(BIOLOGICAL FILTER) Lights (average of 2nd, 4th and 6th puff) by
92.1%, 90.7%, 91.5% and 97.7%, respectively
15. Besides cigarettes, the BC-F 1 has the potential to be applied in apparatus and systems designed to remove harmful compounds such as .acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, benzene, benzo[α]pyrene, 1,3 butadiene, 2-butanone, hydrogen sulphide, isoprene, methanethiol, nitric oxide and toluene from the outdoor and indoor air as well as in the engine exhaust.
PCT/GR1999/000025 1998-07-10 1999-07-09 Bio-catalytic filter WO2000002647A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU45273/99A AU4527399A (en) 1998-07-10 1999-07-09 Bio-catalytic filter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GR980100271 1998-07-10
GR98100271 1998-07-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000002647A1 true WO2000002647A1 (en) 2000-01-20

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1017166C2 (en) * 2001-01-22 2002-07-23 Evert Jacob Sybren Bron Filter to remove carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide, used e.g. for cigarettes or gas masks, comprises haemoglobin, haemin or myoglobin
CN101849709B (en) * 2009-04-03 2012-05-23 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 Novel selective harm-reducing filter tip material and preparation method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4049673A (en) * 1971-06-08 1977-09-20 Israel Herbert Scheinberg Preparation of ferrous hemoglobin and enzymatic digestion products thereof active for absorption of carbon monoxide
CH609217A5 (en) * 1975-09-29 1979-02-28 Neukomm Serge Filter for tobacco smoke
US4414988A (en) * 1980-08-23 1983-11-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Advance Kaihatsu Kenkyujo Tobacco smoke filter
US5279963A (en) * 1991-04-18 1994-01-18 Hobby Michael M System for the decontamination of a contaminated gas
WO1996000019A1 (en) * 1994-06-27 1996-01-04 Ioannis Stavridis Removal of noxious oxidants and carcinogenic volatile nitrosocompounds from cigarette smoke using biological substances

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4049673A (en) * 1971-06-08 1977-09-20 Israel Herbert Scheinberg Preparation of ferrous hemoglobin and enzymatic digestion products thereof active for absorption of carbon monoxide
CH609217A5 (en) * 1975-09-29 1979-02-28 Neukomm Serge Filter for tobacco smoke
US4414988A (en) * 1980-08-23 1983-11-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Advance Kaihatsu Kenkyujo Tobacco smoke filter
US5279963A (en) * 1991-04-18 1994-01-18 Hobby Michael M System for the decontamination of a contaminated gas
WO1996000019A1 (en) * 1994-06-27 1996-01-04 Ioannis Stavridis Removal of noxious oxidants and carcinogenic volatile nitrosocompounds from cigarette smoke using biological substances

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1017166C2 (en) * 2001-01-22 2002-07-23 Evert Jacob Sybren Bron Filter to remove carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide, used e.g. for cigarettes or gas masks, comprises haemoglobin, haemin or myoglobin
CN101849709B (en) * 2009-04-03 2012-05-23 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 Novel selective harm-reducing filter tip material and preparation method thereof

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GR980100271A (en) 2000-03-31
AU4527399A (en) 2000-02-01

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