WO1999064072A1 - Konjugat, bestehend aus einem lektin und einem blutgerinnungsfaktor - Google Patents
Konjugat, bestehend aus einem lektin und einem blutgerinnungsfaktor Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999064072A1 WO1999064072A1 PCT/AT1999/000150 AT9900150W WO9964072A1 WO 1999064072 A1 WO1999064072 A1 WO 1999064072A1 AT 9900150 W AT9900150 W AT 9900150W WO 9964072 A1 WO9964072 A1 WO 9964072A1
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- wga
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/6415—Toxins or lectins, e.g. clostridial toxins or Pseudomonas exotoxins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
Definitions
- Conjugate consisting of a lectin and a blood coagulation factor
- the invention relates to pharmaceutical preparations comprising lectins and pharmaceutical active ingredients.
- drug targeting is based on the fact that many drugs are not selective with regard to their uptake or action loci in the cells. Particularly in the field of chemotherapy for cancer, the effect of the drug substances used in non-target cells leads to serious undesirable side effects that can endanger successful therapy (1).
- the realization of the targeted delivery of drug substances to the specific target cells has hitherto been hindered by great difficulties in finding suitable carrier molecules which can interact specifically with the affected (target) cell.
- monoclonal antibodies (2) and recombinant proteins (3) which can bind specifically to certain loci, have been established as promising candidates for active and targeted drug delivery.
- colloidal particles such as albumin or polystyrene microspheres have also been used for passive drug transport in certain compartments (4,5).
- Lectins which play an important role in biological signaling, cell / cell and cell / matrix interactions, are another group of molecules believed to be used for targeted drug delivery. It is known that lectins that were originally identified as proteins in plant extracts are able to bind to certain oligosaccharide groups (6). Using this carbohydrate-specific interaction, it was proposed to use lectins in a targeted "drug delivery" system (7), since the glycosylation pattern of cells is changed after malignant transformation (8).
- WGA Wheat germ agglutinin
- WGA is a dimen- res, carbohydrate-free protein, which consists of two identical subunits with a molecular weight of 35 kDa. Each monomeric subunit contains two identical and independent binding sites for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (9). Since wheat germ, which contains around 300 mg WGA per kg (10), is part of normal human nutrition, the oral toxicity is negligible. WGA specifically binds to structures containing N-acetyl-D-glucose amine. It was found by saturation analyzes with fluorescence-labeled lectin that the WGA binding capacity of colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2 cells) is around 13 times higher than that of human colonocytes (11).
- a pharmaceutical preparation which comprises a lectin to which the protein that can be obtained from blood, in particular in the blood coagulation factor or its recombinant equivalent, is bound in an administration-stable manner.
- a lectin which is of plant origin is preferably used as the lectin, it being possible in particular to use plant lectins which are known as familiar food sources of humans, such as, for example, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, barley, rye, etc.
- plant lectins which are known as familiar food sources of humans, such as, for example, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, barley, rye, etc.
- the specificity of lectins has already been sufficiently described for most known lectins (cf. Stryer, Biochemistry, 2nd edition (1994), pages 311 and 359; Römpp, Chemielexikon, 10th edition (1997), pages 2382 to 2384 ), but can also be analyzed (e.g. for newly discovered lectins or for modified lectins) using known methods. This applies in particular to the respective binding specificities for certain carbohydrate structures from selected target cells.
- WGA has proven particularly useful, since it has practically no oral toxicity and a high specificity towards malignant cells. In particular due to the high specificity compared to colon carcinoma cells, it is particularly suitable for the targeted drug delivery into these cells.
- WGA also means chemically modified WGA molecules or WGA derivatives which have the essential properties of the (native) WGA or in which the binding specificity has been changed in a targeted and controlled manner.
- target compartments are understood to mean, for example, cells, tissue or parts of a tissue, in particular blood or tissue fluids.
- the preparations according to the invention show a high antiproliferative ratative effect on the target cells, since the conjugated protein that can be obtained from blood is easily and effectively absorbed into the target cell or the target compartments. There is therefore an intracellular accumulation of the preparations according to the invention.
- the acid-labile ice-aconityl compound allows the protein that can be obtained from blood to be released only in the lysosomal region of the target cell.
- any blood protein or its recombinant equivalent which can bind to lectins is suitable as a blood-obtainable protein for use in the present invention.
- This binding even if it is not possible with the native lectins, can be made possible by modifying certain binding sites or amino acid side chains.
- derived blood proteins that are suitable for the present invention and that can bind to lectins can also be "designed".
- the lectin "drug targeting" according to the invention is suitable excellent for administering cytostatic agents or other cancer treatment agents.
- Examples of the invention used according to the blood protein include blood clotting factors such as prothrombin, or factor V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII or XIII, vWF, inhibitors such as ATIII, or heparin, Protein C, Protein S, a ⁇ acid glycoprotein, or Tissue factors, and possibly precursors of these proteins.
- blood clotting factors such as prothrombin, or factor V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII or XIII, vWF
- inhibitors such as ATIII, or heparin
- Protein C Protein S
- a ⁇ acid glycoprotein a ⁇ acid glycoprotein
- Tissue factors and possibly precursors of these proteins.
- DOX doxorubicin
- WGA water-soluble prodrug
- the cytostatic effect of the drug in conjugate form on carcinoma cells is at least 1.5 times higher than that of the free cytostatic.
- the antiproliferative effect of DOX-WGA on lymphoblasts is 65% less than that of the free active substance.
- the targeted delivery according to the invention enables an enormous reduction in the rate of side effects, be it through the lesser impairment of non-target cells or be it through a reduced use of the cytostatic (through dose reduction). Thereby the therapy of the tumor, e.g. the treatment of colon cancer by DOX-WGA, much more pleasant.
- drug protein-based through the composite with the lectins in addition to the targeted administration also sometimes be significantly stabilized 'which can be very helpful in fragile protein drugs can with the inventive system by the coupling to lectins successful and targeted high molecular weight protein drugs such as blood clotting factors or other blood-recoverable proteins, such as inhibitors or cofactors, or their recombinant equivalents.
- lectins successful and targeted high molecular weight protein drugs such as blood clotting factors or other blood-recoverable proteins, such as inhibitors or cofactors, or their recombinant equivalents.
- the preparations according to the invention can therefore be administered orally, with only a conventional gastric juice-resistant coating layer being able to be provided, if appropriate, which further facilitates therapy.
- the system according to the invention is also ideal for Administration of nucleic acids, for example for gene therapy or for antisense therapy.
- the nucleic acid eg cDNA, antisense RNA, ... can be bound to the lectin like a normal blood protein. With WGA this can of course also be done via the acid labile binding site.
- the preparations according to the invention are preferably provided in the customary administration forms which are favorable for the respective protein obtainable from blood.
- the dosage can be based on the usual dosage for the protein, whereby, due to the more efficient administration, a dose reduction can be considered.
- the usual, proven auxiliary substances for the medicament can also be used, but often an improved water solubility (due to the lectins) is associated with the formulation according to the invention, with which e.g. Solution brokers can be reduced or even omitted.
- the increased stability of the preparations according to the invention can also avoid the use of large amounts of stabilizers.
- Fig. 1 the in vitro release profile of DOX from DOX-WGA
- Fig. 2 the line-bound fluorescence intensity of DOX-WGA
- Fig. 3 Caco-2 cells, incubated with DOX-WGA
- Fig. 4 the effect of F-WGA and WGA on Caco-2 cell growth
- Fig. 5 the antiproliferative effect of WGA, DOX-WGA and DOX
- Fig. 6 the effect of WGA, DOX-WGA and DOX on Caco-2 cell growth
- Fig. 7 the fluorescence intensity of Caco-2 cells after incubation with labeled prothrombin and prothrombin-WGA.
- Doxorubicin, cis-aconitic anhydride, N, N '-dicyclohexylcarbodimide, ⁇ -amino-n-caproic acid and N-hydroxysuccinimide were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.); all other chemicals were purchased as analytical grade from Merck (Darmstadt, DE).
- tissue culture reagents were from Biowhittaker (Workingham, UK), sets for XTT (EZ4U) and BrdU tests were purchased from Biomedica (Vienna, Austria) and Boehringer Mannheim (Vienna, Austria), respectively.
- N-cis-aconityl-doxorubicin was prepared according to Yang and Reisfeld (12) with modifications. All reactions were carried out under light protection and monitored by TLC on KGF 254 using chloroform / methanol / water 9 + 9 + 1.8 or 8 + 10 + 2.5 (V / V / V) as the mobile phase.
- DOX (1.79 ⁇ mol) was dissolved in 1.5 ml of methanol and stirred with an ethereal solution of cis-aconitic anhydride (5.2 ⁇ mol) for 1 hour at room temperature.
- doxorubicin cis aconitate was activated by reaction with 7.2 ⁇ mol N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 7.2 ⁇ mol N-hydroxysuccinimide.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and at 4 ° C overnight.
- Dicyclohexylurea was precipitated by adding 1 ml of 3% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and collected by centrifugation at 7500 rpm for 5 minutes. The remaining methanol was removed from the supernatant by evaporation.
- the doxorubicin-cis-aconitat-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester was containing by dropwise addition of a solution 0.033 .mu.mol WGA aqueous in 500 .mu.l 3% sodium bicarbonate, pH 8.0, with WGA jugiert con- •. After incubation at 4 ° C. overnight, the conjugate (DOX-WGA) was dialyzed against 20 mM HEPES / NaOH buffer, pH 7.4 at 4 ° C. until no free drug was found by spectrophotometric examination of the dialysis Medium was detected at 468 nm (detection limit: 2 ⁇ g / ml DOX). After DC, DOX-WGA was the only fluorescent compound observed, indicating • that there was no detectable free DOX.
- the number of DOX molecules coupled per WGA molecule was calculated from the absorption at 468 nm with respect to WGA in 20 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4, using DOX for calibration (U-3000 UV -VIS spectrophotometer, Hitachi).
- the total number of WGA amino groups that were accessible for derivatization was determined using a modified trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) / adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) test (13). Briefly, 200 ul of a solution containing 125-175 ug WGA in 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, were mixed with 200 ul 0.02% TNBS in saturated sodium tetraborate / distilled water (1 + 1, v / v) and 10 min incubated for long at 70 ° C. After adding 100 ⁇ l of 0.5 M aqueous ADH solution and shaking gently on the vortex, the absorption of trinitrobenzene adipic acid dihydrazone was read off at 520 nm. The number of amino residues was calculated from a calibration curve using ⁇ -amino-n-caproic acid. The test enables a quantification of 80-680 nmol amino residues / ml.
- the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 and the human lymphoblast cell line MOLT-4 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, ML, USA). The cells were grown in a culture medium consisting of RPMI-1640 with 10% fetal calf serum, 4 mM L-glutamine and 75 ⁇ g / ml gentamycin in a humidified 5% CO 2 /95% air atmosphere at 37 ° C. and by trypsin Subcultivated treatment.
- Human colonocytes were obtained from normal tissue adjacent to a resected colon carcinoma sample. The tissue was dissociated by incubation in collagenase solution (1000 U / ml medium) at 37 ° C. for about one hour until individual cells were released, as shown by light microscopy. The cells were washed repeatedly with PBS with 5 min centrifugation at 4 ° C at 1300 rpm. The pellet was resuspended in PBS and the preparation was analyzed using a Casyl DT cell counter and analyzer system (Scharf, DE).
- the Zeil preparation consisted of lxlO 6 colonocytes / ml (diameter 7-10 ⁇ m), and 17xl0 6 cells / ml, which had a diameter of less than 7 ⁇ m, mainly red blood cells, as was observed by means of light microscopy.
- Negative controls consisting of unlabeled cells were included in each experiment for the purpose of determining the autofluorescence. Each concentration was tested four times and repeated at least twice.
- Flow cytometry measurements were performed on an Epics XL-MLC analysis flow cytometer (Coulter, FL, U.S.A.).
- the labeled cells were analyzed using a "forward versus side scatter gate" to detect individual cell populations and exclude cell residues and cell aggregates. Fluorescence was detected at 575 nm (10 nm bandwidth), and the mean of the channel number of the logarithmic fluorescence intensities of individual peaks was used for further calculations.
- the amplification of the fluorescence signals was set to place the autofluorescence signal of unlabeled cells in the first decade of the 4-decade log range. 5000 cells were accumulated for each measurement.
- the cells were incubated for one hour with 100 ⁇ l cell suspension (2 ⁇ 10 6 / ml HEPES) with 100 ⁇ l of a solution of DOX-WGA (69 ⁇ g / ml HEPES) or fluorescein-labeled WGA (100 ⁇ g / ml HEPES) at 37 ° C colored.
- the cells were centrifuged (5 min, 1000 rpm), washed twice as described above but using 150 ⁇ l HEPES and applied to a support for microscopy. Confocal images of cells labeled by fluorescence were taken using a confocal Obtained Zeiss Axiovert microscope. Transmission light and fluorescence images were obtained at 40x magnification, and intracellular DOX and fluorescein were detected by excitation at 488 nm and emission> 515 nm.
- Cell proliferation was determined using the XTT and BrdU tests, which were carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions using colorless supplemented RPMI 1640 medium for cell culture.
- the cytotoxic activity of DOX-WGA was determined as described above by means of the XTT test ', except that 10 M0LT 4-4- or Caco-2 cells / 100 ul RPMI 1640 medium and each 75 .mu.l of a solution containing DOX (0.15 or 0.10 ⁇ g), WGA (0.45 or 0.32 ⁇ g) or DOX-WGA (0.57 or 0.41 ⁇ g) were used.
- the supernatant was discarded, and after the addition of 200 ⁇ l of FixDenat solution, the cells were fixed and the DNA is denatured. The supernatant was removed 30 minutes later and 100 ul BrdU antibody peroxidase was added. After incubation for 90 minutes, the cells were washed three times with 200 ul wash buffer and 100 ul substrate was added. After 10 min, the enzyme activity was stopped by adding 25 ul IM sulfuric acid, and the absorbance was measured at 450 nm against the blank, as described above, but omitting the cells.
- the cytostatic agent was covalently bound to the protein in a two-step process.
- the reaction resulted in N-cis-aconityl-DOX only in an anhydrous medium. Despite the formation of both the a and mono amide isomers, only one spot was observed after TLC.
- the N-cis-aconitat-DOX was reacted with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide / N-hydroxysuccinimide to form an active ester intermediate before coupling (14).
- the release profile of conjugated DOX at pH 4.0 was determined spectrophotometrically using a dialysis tube to exclude the conjugate.
- 46 + 7% conjugated DOX was released from WGA; after a longer incubation, however, the release rate did not increase significantly, since the 168-hour exposure to DOX-WGA in an acidic environment led to a release of 51 + 6% conjugated DOX.
- half of the available drug was released after 65 minutes (Fig. 1).
- the conjugate binding was examined by setting the "forward versus side scatter gate" in order to exclusively record the cell population of ⁇ 7 ⁇ m. Since the mean relative fluorescence intensity of 0.3 covered the autofluorescence range of these cells, the DOX-WGA binding to erythrocytes can be neglected.
- the DOX-WGA binding capacity of Caco-2 cells was 4, 6 + 0, 3 times higher than that of human colonocytes.
- the amount of DOX-WGA bound to M0LT-4 cells was of the same order of magnitude as that of human colonocytes, only 10 ⁇ 3% higher.
- the uptake of DOX-WGA was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy of viable Caco-2 cells that had been preincubated with the conjugate (Fig. 3) . After incubation at 37 ° C for one hour, the fluorescent DOX-WGA conjugate accumulated near the core membrane of the dividing Caco-2 cell.
- DOX was activated by a two-step mechanism via an acid-sensitive cis-aconitic acid -Binding coupled to WGA (12). Since WGA is a mixture of four isolectins (17), it was found that the number of amino residues on WGA was 24 ⁇ 1.4 for the evaluation of the coupling efficiency by combining the TNBS test with ADH. The coupling was confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively by UV / VIS difference spectroscopy and resulted in a conjugate free of detectable, non-covalently bound drug, which contained 24 mol DOX / mol WGA.
- the N-acetylglucosamine-specific lectin retained its bioadhesive and cytoinvasive properties after conjugation of the cytostatic agent. Due to the acid sensitivity of the binding, an intralysosomal release of conjugated DOX is expected when DOX-WGA reaches the acidic environment of the lysosomal compartment. As a result of the derivatization, the intracellular distribution pattern of WGA was changed, which led to the accumulation of DOX-WGA near the core membrane of Caco-2 cells.
- the binding specificity of the conjugate was assessed by means of flow cytometric determination of cell-bound fluorescence intensity, which comes from DOX-WGA. Regardless of the exposure time, DOX-WGA showed dose-dependent binding to target and non-target cells, although the extent was very different. On average, the binding capacity of the colon cancer cells Caco-2 exceeded that of the human colonocytes and lymphoblastic MOLT cells by a factor of 4.5. In addition, no binding of DOX-WGA to human erythrocytes was detected. These results are indicators of a high target specificity of the conjugate.
- the decreasing ratio of binding to Caco-2 cells to human colonocytes could decrease from 13: 1 (F-WGA, 11) to 4: 1 (DOX-WGA) with a dense derivatization of the lectin by hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs related to that observed for immunoconjugates (18).
- the contribution of the carrier protein of DOX-WGA to the antiproliferative effect of the conjugate on Caco-2 cells was, however, quite small, since the inhibitory activity of equivalent amounts of WGA and DOX-WGA was 6.7 + 3.3% and 39, respectively Was + 6.1%.
- the cytostatic activity of DOX-WGA comes mainly from the conjugated drug and results in about 60% of the cytostatic activity from free DOX.
- cell growth was inhibited by DOX-WGA in a dose-dependent form compared to free DOX (100%) to an extent of at best 35%. This decreasing antiproliferative activity of equivalent amounts of DOX on non-target cells may be due to the targeted delivery of the anti-cancer agent after conjugation with WGA.
- the BrdU incorporation during the DNA synthesis was determined according to the number of cells dividing .
- the carrier protein alone inhibited or stimulated Caco-2 cell growth only slightly, and the free drug showed 95% growth inhibition on average.
- the antiproliferative effect of conjugated DOX had an average of 78%. If you only get a 50% release of assuming bound DOX in vitro, the cytostatic effect of DOX-WGA could be equal to or slightly higher than that of the free drug due to the site-specific efficiency of conjugated DOX.
- Prothrombin - blood coagulation factor II - is a plasma protein from the group of vitamin K-dependent proteins with a molecular mass of 72,000 Daltons. Prothrombin is used therapeutically and is an essential component of prothrombin complex concentrates, which are used for the prophylaxis and therapy of bleeding due to congenital or acquired deficiencies in prothrombin complex factors.
- Prothrombin Fact II was prepared from prothrombin complex concentrate according to Brummelhuis (23) by adsorption on calcium phosphate and elution with sodium phosphate, by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose FF (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) and by hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose .
- a preparation was used for the following syntheses, which had a factor II content of 12.3 mg FH / ml citrate buffer (13.6 mM Na citrate, 137 mM NaCl, pH 7.0).
- the purified prothrombin was conjugated to WGA according to the following principle.
- a disuccinimidyl succinate solution (pre-activated spacer) was prepared by incubating N-hydroxysuccinimide and succinic anhydride with carbodiimide and used to activate the prothrombin labeled with fluorescein (FITC).
- FITC fluorescein
- the derivatized prothrombin thus produced with active N-hydroxysuccinimide ester groups was then used for coupling to WGA. In this way, two different samples were prepared (synthesis according to approach 1 or 2)
- FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate
- the pre-activated spacer was incubated by incubating 14 mg (125 ⁇ mol) N-hydroxysuccinimide, 5 mg (50 ⁇ mol) succinic anhydride and 96 mg (500 ⁇ mol) l-ethyl-3-dimethylaminopropyl-carbodiimide (EDAC) in 3 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) prepared for over 20 minutes with gentle shaking.
- FITC-labeled prothrombin was activated by the following two reaction approaches. The mixtures were each incubated for one hour at room temperature with gentle shaking. Approach 1
- the coupling with WGA was carried out by adding the solid lectin to the solution of the activated prothrombin at room temperature and shaking gently overnight.
- HPLC analyzes All intermediate products of the syntheses were examined by means of HPLC analysis using an HPLC gel filtration column.
- the method was used to estimate protein concentrations and to demonstrate changes in protein size during the reaction.
- HPLC analysis for both end products shows only one signal in the exclusion volume of the gel filtration column, which indicates a molecular weight of greater than 150,000 Da. WGA and prothrombin could not be detected.
- the cytoadhesive properties of the conjugate were determined by means of flow cytometry, where only cell-bound, fluorescent substances are detected.
- the binding study was carried out at 4 ° C to exclude possible internalization processes caused by wheat lectin. In this temperature range, all energy-dependent transport processes are largely excluded, so that only the rate of binding to the cell surface of the colon carcinoma cells is recorded.
- Caco-2 single cells whose differentiation pattern corresponds to human enterocytes and which are established as an in vitro model for the human small intestine and described above were used as the model for intestinal enterocytes.
- the cell suspension showed no signal of cell-bound fluorescence. While fluorescence-labeled factor II showed an extremely low binding rate to Caco-2 cells (undiluted: 1.62, 1 + 4, diluted 2.57, medium cell-bound fluorescence intensity), the conjugate of fluorescence-labeled factor II and wheat lectin was extremely strongly bound to Caco 2 cells bound. The mean cell-bound fluorescence intensity was 311 (undiluted) and 103.4 (1 + 4 diluted).
- Cis-aconityl spacer between daunomyein and macromolecular carriers a model of pH-sensitive linkage releasing drug from a lysosomotropic conjugate. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 102: 1048-1054 (1981).
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU41218/99A AU4121899A (en) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-09 | Conjugate consisting of a lectin and a blood coagulation factor |
JP2000553140A JP2002517472A (ja) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-09 | レクチンおよび血液凝固因子からなる結合体 |
EP99924567A EP1089762A1 (de) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-09 | Konjugat, bestehend aus einem lektin und einem blutgerinnungsfaktor |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA1009/98 | 1998-06-10 | ||
AT100998 | 1998-06-10 | ||
AT70199 | 1999-04-20 | ||
ATA701/99 | 1999-04-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999064072A1 true WO1999064072A1 (de) | 1999-12-16 |
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PCT/AT1999/000150 WO1999064072A1 (de) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-09 | Konjugat, bestehend aus einem lektin und einem blutgerinnungsfaktor |
Country Status (4)
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EP (1) | EP1089762A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002517472A (de) |
AU (1) | AU4121899A (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999064072A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009086262A1 (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-09 | Baxter International Inc. | Methods for differentiating plasma-derived protein from recombinant protein in a sample |
WO2023053082A1 (en) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-04-06 | Unichem Laboratories Limited | Lectin-drug conjugates |
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US4863726A (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1989-09-05 | Cetus Corporation | Combination therapy using immunotoxins with interleukin-2 |
JPH04187644A (ja) * | 1990-11-21 | 1992-07-06 | Nippon Seiyaku Kk | 腫瘍治療剤およびその製造法 |
US5378688A (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1995-01-03 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | GnRH analogs for destroying gonadotrophs |
US5578706A (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 1996-11-26 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas | Methods and compositions concerning homogenous immunotoxin preparations |
WO1999025383A1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 1999-05-27 | Quadrant Healthcare (Uk) Limited | Conjugates comprising two active agents |
-
1999
- 1999-06-09 JP JP2000553140A patent/JP2002517472A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-06-09 EP EP99924567A patent/EP1089762A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-06-09 WO PCT/AT1999/000150 patent/WO1999064072A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-09 AU AU41218/99A patent/AU4121899A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
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US4863726A (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1989-09-05 | Cetus Corporation | Combination therapy using immunotoxins with interleukin-2 |
US5378688A (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1995-01-03 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | GnRH analogs for destroying gonadotrophs |
JPH04187644A (ja) * | 1990-11-21 | 1992-07-06 | Nippon Seiyaku Kk | 腫瘍治療剤およびその製造法 |
US5578706A (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 1996-11-26 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas | Methods and compositions concerning homogenous immunotoxin preparations |
WO1999025383A1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 1999-05-27 | Quadrant Healthcare (Uk) Limited | Conjugates comprising two active agents |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199233, Derwent World Patents Index; Class B04, AN 1992-274007, XP002119168 * |
FREYSSINET JM ET AL: "Reversible inhibition of the in vitro coagulation of human plasma by lectins.", THROMB HAEMOST, OCT 29 1982, 48 (2) P120-4, GERMANY, WEST, XP002119167 * |
Cited By (4)
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WO2009086262A1 (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-09 | Baxter International Inc. | Methods for differentiating plasma-derived protein from recombinant protein in a sample |
US8114633B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2012-02-14 | Baxter International Inc. | Methods for differentiating plasma-derived protein from recombinant protein in a sample |
US8828676B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2014-09-09 | Baxter International Inc. | Methods for differentiating plasma-derived protein from recombinant protein in a sample |
WO2023053082A1 (en) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-04-06 | Unichem Laboratories Limited | Lectin-drug conjugates |
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EP1089762A1 (de) | 2001-04-11 |
JP2002517472A (ja) | 2002-06-18 |
AU4121899A (en) | 1999-12-30 |
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