WO1999063037A1 - Detergents containing amylase and percarboxylic acid - Google Patents

Detergents containing amylase and percarboxylic acid Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999063037A1
WO1999063037A1 PCT/EP1999/003567 EP9903567W WO9963037A1 WO 1999063037 A1 WO1999063037 A1 WO 1999063037A1 EP 9903567 W EP9903567 W EP 9903567W WO 9963037 A1 WO9963037 A1 WO 9963037A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
acid
weight
amylase
cleaning
percarboxylic acid
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PCT/EP1999/003567
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Beatrix Kottwitz
Horst-Dieter Speckmann
Karl-Heinz Maurer
Christian Nitsch
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Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
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Application filed by Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien filed Critical Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Priority to JP2000552234A priority Critical patent/JP2002517552A/en
Priority to PL99344481A priority patent/PL344481A1/en
Priority to HU0102247A priority patent/HUP0102247A2/en
Priority to EP99926387A priority patent/EP1084220A1/en
Publication of WO1999063037A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999063037A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3945Organic per-compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to enzyme-containing detergents and cleaning agents which, in addition to the usual constituents, contain an amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a specific peroxidic bleaching agent.
  • detergents In addition to the ingredients that are indispensable for the washing process, such as surfactants and builder materials, detergents generally contain other ingredients, which can be summarized under the term washing aids and which include such different active ingredient groups as foam regulators, graying inhibitors, bleaching agents, bleach activators and color transfer inhibitors. Such auxiliaries also include substances which support the surfactant performance through the enzymatic degradation of soiling on the textile. The same applies analogously to cleaning agents for hard surfaces. In addition to the proteases that support protein removal and the fat-cleaving lipases, amylases are of particular importance.
  • Amylases have the task of facilitating the removal of starchy soiling by the catalytic hydrolysis of the starch polysaccharide and for this purpose have been used for a long time in detergents for dishes, but also in detergents for use in textile washing. For the most part, it has so far been a thermostable amylase from Bacillus licheniformis, which is commercially available, for example, under the name Te ⁇ namyl®. More recently, such agents have increasingly used genetically modified amylases, that is to say with amino acid sequences modified in comparison to naturally occurring amylases with the aid of genetic engineering methods. In addition to increasing their performance, the genetic modification of amylases essentially aims to increase the stability of the enzyme, in particular against the attack of oxidizing agents.
  • the invention therefore relates to an amylase-containing washing or cleaning agent which contains .alpha.-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a percarboxylic acid and / or its alkali salt in addition to the usual ingredients compatible with such constituents.
  • Another object of the invention is the use of a corresponding combination to increase the cleaning performance of detergents and cleaning agents, in particular compared to starchy and / or colored stains, when used in aqueous washing and cleaning solutions in particular.
  • the cleaning performance in relation to colored soiling is to be understood in its broadest meaning and includes both the bleaching of dirt on the textile, the bleaching of dirt in the washing liquor, detached from the textile, and the oxidative destruction of textile colors located in the washing liquor that detach from textiles under the washing conditions before they can be drawn onto textiles of a different color.
  • this term includes both the bleaching of dirt on the hard surface, in particular tea, and the bleaching understood by dirt in the dishwashing liquor, detached from the hard surface.
  • ⁇ -Amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has long been known, for example from US Pat. No. 1,227,374. For example, it is commercially available under the name Amylase BAN®.
  • An agent according to the invention preferably contains 0.001 mg to 0.5 mg, in particular 0.02 mg to 0.3 mg, of amylolytic protein per gram of the total agent.
  • the protein concentration can be determined using known methods, for example the bicinchonic acid method (BCA method, Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, IL) or the biuret method (AG Gornall, CS Bardawill and MM David, J. Biol. Chem. 177 , 751-766, 1948).
  • An agent according to the invention preferably contains 0.5% by weight to 20% by weight, in particular 1% by weight to 15% by weight, of percarboxylic acid, the term percarboxylic acid comprising both the free acid and the percarboxylic acid salts, in particular the alkali metal salts should.
  • percarboxylic acid comprising both the free acid and the percarboxylic acid salts, in particular the alkali metal salts should.
  • Both aliphatic percarboxylic acids and aromatic percarboxylic acids such as perbenzoic acid or perphthalic acid are suitable.
  • the percarboxylic acid is preferably selected from the compounds of the general formula I
  • phthalimidopercaproic acid is particularly preferred.
  • dipercarboxylic acids of the formula I 1,12-diperdodecanedioic acid and 1,9-diperazelaic acid are particularly preferred.
  • Amidoalkyl percarboxylic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from European patent applications EP 0 349 940 and EP 0 739 880.
  • the percarboxylic acids can in particular in solid compositions according to the invention in optionally compounded or coated form, such as from the European patents EP 0 450 587, EP 0 521 962, EP 0 695 343 or the European patent applications EP 0 816 418.
  • the detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention which can be present in particular as powdery solids, in post-compacted particle form, as homogeneous solutions or suspensions, can, in addition to the active ingredient combination used according to the invention, in principle contain all known ingredients which are customary in such agents.
  • the agents according to the invention can include, in particular, builder substances, surface-active surfactants, additional bleaching agents based on organic and / or inorganic peroxygen compounds, bleach activators, water-miscible organic solvents, additional enzymes, sequestering agents, electrolytes, pH regulators and further auxiliaries, such as optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors , Foam regulators, silver corrosion inhibitors and dyes and fragrances.
  • the agents according to the invention can contain one or more surfactants, in particular anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof, but also cationic, zerionic and amphoteric surfactants.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants are in particular alkyl glycosides and ethoxylation and / or propoxylation products of alkyl glycosides or linear or branched alcohols each having 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl part and 3 to 20, preferably 4 to 10, alkyl ether groups.
  • the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol radical has a methyl or linear branching in the 2-position may be or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
  • Alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
  • the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -C 1 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 -Cn alcohols with 7 EO, C 1 -C 5 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 1 2 -C 18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of Cn-C ⁇ alcohol with 3 EO and Cj 2 -C 8 alcohol with 7 EO.
  • the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
  • Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
  • fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of these are (tallow) fatty alcohols with 14 EO, 16 EO, 20 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
  • Extremely low-foaming compounds are usually used in particular in cleaning agents for use in machine dishwashing processes. These preferably include Ci 2 -C 8 alkyl polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol ethers, each with up to 8 moles of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units in the molecule.
  • the nonionic surfactants also include alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms, and G stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
  • the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is an arbitrary number - which, as an analytically determinable variable, can also take fractional values - between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.
  • polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (II) in which R'CO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear one or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups:
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are preferably derived from reducing sugars with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, in particular from glucose.
  • the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (III)
  • R 3 for a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • R 4 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene radical or an arylene radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and
  • R 5 stands for a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, where C] -C - Alkyl or phenyl radicals are preferred, and [Z] stands for a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted with at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this radical.
  • [Z] is also preferably obtained here by reductive amination of a sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • a sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example according to the teaching of international patent application WO 95/07331, be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
  • Another class of preferably used nonionic surfactants either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, in particular together with alkoxylated fatty alcohols and / or alkyl glycosides.
  • alkoxylated preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 up to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, as described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably prepared by the process described in international patent application WO 90/13533.
  • Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-NN-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable.
  • nonionic surfactants are preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.
  • gemini surfactants can be considered as further surfactants. These are generally understood to mean those compounds which have two hydrophilic groups per molecule. These groups are generally separated from one another by a so-called “spacer”. This spacer is generally a carbon chain which should be long enough that the hydrophilic groups are sufficiently far apart that they can act independently of one another.
  • Such surfactants are distinguished generally by an unusually low critical micelle concentration and the ability to greatly reduce the surface tension of the water.
  • gemini surfactants is understood not only to mean “dimeric” in this way, but also correspondingly “trimeric” surfactants.
  • Surfactants are, for example, sulfated hydroxy mixed ethers according to German patent application DE 43 21 022 or dimer alcohol bis- and trimeral alcohol tris-sulfates and ether sulfates according to German patent application DE 195 03 061.
  • the end-capped surfactants mentioned have good wetting properties and are low-foaming, so that they are particularly suitable for use in machine washing or cleaning processes.
  • Gemini polyhydroxy fatty acid amides or poly polyhydroxy fatty acid amides as described in international patent applications WO 95/19953, WO 95/19954 and WO 95/19955 can also be used.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are in particular soaps and those which contain sulfate or sulfonate groups.
  • Preferred surfactants of the sulfonate type are C - C ⁇ 3 alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, that is, mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as are obtained, for example, from C 12 -C 8 monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis Receives sulfonation products.
  • alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 2 -C ⁇ alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
  • esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, which have from 8 to by ⁇ -sulfonation of the methyl esters of fatty acids of vegetable and / or animal origin 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid molecule and subsequent neutralization to water-soluble mono-salts are considered.
  • ⁇ -sulfonated esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, and also sulfonation products of unsaturated fatty acids, for example oleic acid. can be present in small amounts, preferably in amounts not above about 2 to 3% by weight.
  • ot-sulfofatty acid alkyl esters are preferred which have an alkyl chain with no more than 4 carbon atoms in the ester group, for example methyl esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters and butyl esters.
  • the methyl esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids (MES), but also their saponified disalts, are used with particular advantage.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters, which are mono-, di- and triesters as well as their mixtures, such as those produced by esterification by a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol be preserved.
  • Alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and especially the sodium salts of the Schwefelklaschschschreibester Ci 2 -C ⁇ be 8 fatty alcohols, for example, from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol.
  • Lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ⁇ 0 -C 2 o-oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred.
  • alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. From a washing-technical point of view, C 2 -C 6 alkyl sulfates and C 2 -C 5 alkyl sulfates and C 4 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are in particular prefers.
  • 2,3-Alkyl sulfates which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are also suitable anionic surfactants.
  • the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C -C 2 r alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched C 9 -Cn alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol ethylene oxide (EO) or C 2 -C 8 -Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO.
  • the preferred anionic surfactants also include the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8 to cis fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which are nonionic surfactants in themselves.
  • alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
  • Fatty acid derivatives of amino acids for example of N-methyl taurine (taurides) and / or of N-methyl glycine (sarcosides) are suitable as further anionic surfactants.
  • the sarcosides or sarcosinates, and in particular sarcosinates of higher and optionally mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids such as oleyl sarcosinate, are particularly preferred.
  • Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants.
  • Saturated fatty acid soaps are particularly suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
  • the known alkenylsuccinic acid salts can also be used together with these soaps or as a substitute for soaps.
  • the anionic surfactants can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, Di- or triethanolamine.
  • the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
  • Surfactants are present in detergents according to the invention in proportions of preferably 5% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular 8% by weight to 30% by weight, whereas agents for cleaning hard surfaces, in particular for machine cleaning of dishes , have lower surfactant contents of up to 10% by weight, in particular up to 5% by weight and preferably in the range from 0.5% by weight to 3% by weight.
  • An agent according to the invention preferably contains at least one water-soluble and / or water-insoluble, organic and / or inorganic builder.
  • the water-soluble organic builder substances include polycarboxylic acids, in particular citric acid and sugar acids, monomeric and polymeric aminopolycarboxylic acids, in particular methylglycinediacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and also polyaspartic acid, polyphosphonic acids, in particular aminotris (methylenephosphonic acid). Ethylene diamine tetrakis (methylenephosphonic acid) and 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid.
  • polymeric hydroxy compounds such as dextrin and polymeric (poly) carboxylic acids, in particular the polycarboxylates of European patent EP 0 625 992 or the international patent application WO 92/18542 or European patent EP 0 232 202, which are accessible by oxidation of polysaccharides or dextrins, polymeric acrylic acids, methacrylic acids , Maleic acids and copolymers of these, which may also contain small amounts of polymerizable substances without carboxylic acid functionality in copolymerized form.
  • the relative molecular weight of the homopolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids is generally between 3,000 and 200,000, that of the copolymers between 2,000 and 200,000, preferably 30,000 to 120,000, in each case based on free acid.
  • a particularly preferred acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer has a relative molecular weight of 30,000 to 100,000.
  • Commercial products are, for example, Sokalan® CP 5, CP 10 and PA 30 from BASF.
  • Suitable, albeit less preferred, compounds of this class are copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinyl methyl ethers, vinyl esters, ethylene, propylene and styrene, in which the proportion of acid is at least 50% by weight.
  • Terpolymers can also be used as water-soluble organic builder substances, the monomers being two unsaturated Contained acids and or their salts and, as a third monomer, vinyl alcohol and / or an esterified vinyl alcohol or a carbohydrate.
  • the first acidic monomer or its salt is derived from a monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 carboxylic acid and preferably from a C 3 -C 4 monocarboxylic acid, in particular from (meth) acrylic acid.
  • the second acidic monomer or its salt can be a derivative of a C -C 8 dicarboxylic acid, maleic acid being particularly preferred, and / or a derivative of an allylsulfonic acid which is substituted in the 2-position by an alkyl or aryl radical.
  • Polymers of this type can be produced in particular by processes which are described in German patent specification DE 42 21 381 and German patent application DE 43 00 772 and generally have a relative molecular weight of between 1,000 and 200,000. Further preferred copolymers are those which are described in German patent applications DE 43 03 320 and DE 44 17 734 and which preferably contain acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or vinyl acetate as monomers.
  • the organic builder substances can be used, in particular for the production of liquid agents, in the form of aqueous solutions, preferably in the form of 30 to 50 percent by weight aqueous solutions. All of the acids mentioned are generally used in the form of their water-soluble salts, in particular their alkali metal salts.
  • Such organic builder substances can, if desired, be present in amounts of up to 40% by weight, in particular up to 25% by weight and preferably from 1% by weight to 8% by weight. Amounts close to the upper limit mentioned are preferably used in paste-like or liquid, in particular water-containing agents according to the invention.
  • Particularly suitable water-soluble inorganic builder materials are alkali silicates, alkali carbonates and alkali phosphates, which can be present in the form of their alkaline, neutral or acidic sodium or potassium salts. Examples of this are trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, so-called sodium hexametaphosphate, oligomeric
  • a water-insoluble, water-dispersible inorganic builder material In particular, crystalline or amorphous alkali alumosilicates are used, in amounts of up to 50% by weight, preferably not more than 40% by weight, and in liquid compositions, in particular from 1% by weight to 5% by weight.
  • the crystalline sodium aluminosilicates in detergent quality in particular zeolite A, P and optionally X, alone or in mixtures, for example in the form of a co-crystallizate from the zeolites A and X (Vegobond® AX, a commercial product of Condea Augusta SpA), are preferred .
  • Quantities close to the upper limit mentioned are preferably used in solid, particulate compositions.
  • Suitable aluminosilicates in particular have no particles with a grain size above 30 ⁇ m and preferably consist of at least 80% by weight of particles with a size below 10 ⁇ m.
  • Their calcium binding capacity which can be determined according to the information in German patent DE 24 12 837, is generally in the range from 100 to 200 mg CaO per gram.
  • Suitable substitutes or partial substitutes for the aluminosilicate mentioned are crystalline alkali silicates, which can be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates.
  • the alkali silicates which can be used as builders in the agents according to the invention preferably have a molar ratio of alkali oxide to SiO 2 below 0.95, in particular from 1: 1.1 to 1:12, and can be amorphous or crystalline.
  • Preferred alkali silicates are the sodium silicates, in particular the amorphous sodium silicates, with a molar Na 2 ⁇ : SiO 2 ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 2.8.
  • Crystalline phyllosilicates of the general formula Na 2 Si x ⁇ 2X + ⁇ y H 2 O, in which x, the so-called modulus, is a number of 1.9, are preferably used as crystalline silicates, which may be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates to 22, especially 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 33 and are preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4.
  • Crystalline layered silicates which fall under this general formula are described, for example, in European patent application EP 0 164 514.
  • Preferred crystalline layered silicates are those in which x assumes the values 2 or 3 in the general formula mentioned.
  • ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicate Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ' y H 2 O
  • ⁇ -sodium disilicate being able to be obtained, for example, by the process described in international patent application WO 91/08171.
  • ⁇ - Sodium silicates with a modulus between 1.9 and 3.2 can be produced according to Japanese patent applications JP 04/238 809 or JP 04/260 610.
  • Crystalline sodium silicates with a modulus in the range from 1.9 to 3.5 are used in a further preferred embodiment of agents according to the invention.
  • Crystalline tikfb '-shaped silicates of the above formula (I) are sold by the company.
  • Na-SKS Clariant GmbH under the trade name Na-SKS, for example Na-SKS-1 (Na 2 Si 22 O 4 5 xH 2 O, kenyaite), Na SKS-2 (Na 2 Si ⁇ 4 ⁇ 29 H 2 O, magadiite), Na-SKS-3 (Na 2 Si 8 Oi7 xH 2 O) or Na-SKS-4 (Na 2 Si Oq xH? O. Makatit).
  • Na-SKS-5 ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5
  • Na-SKS-7 ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5 , natrosilite
  • Na-SKS-9 NaHSi 2 O 5
  • Na-SKS-10 aHSi 2 O 5 3H 2 O, Kanemit
  • Na-SKS-1 1 t-Na 2 Si 2 O 5
  • Na-SKS-13 NaHSi 2 O 5
  • Na-SKS-6 ⁇ -Na Si 2 ⁇ 5
  • crystalline layered silicates are given, for example, in "Hoechst High Chem Magazine 14/1993" on pages 33 - 38 and in "Soap-oil-fat waxes, 1 16 year, No. 20/1990" on pages 805 - 808 published articles.
  • a granular compound of crystalline layered silicate and citrate, of crystalline layered silicate and the (co) polymeric polycarboxylic acid mentioned above, as described for example in German patent application DE 198 19 187, or of alkali silicate and alkali carbonate is used as described, for example, in international patent application WO 95/22592 or as it is commercially available, for example, under the name Nabion® 15.
  • Builder substances can optionally be present in the agents according to the invention in amounts up to 90% by weight. They are preferably in amounts up to 75% by weight. contain. Detergents according to the invention have builder contents of in particular 5% by weight to 50% by weight. In agents according to the invention for cleaning hard surfaces, in particular for machine cleaning of dishes, the builder substance content is in particular 5% by weight to 88% by weight, with such agents preferably not using water-insoluble builder materials. In a preferred embodiment of agents according to the invention for in particular machine cleaning of dishes, 20% by weight to 40% by weight of water-soluble organic builders, in particular alkali citrate, 5% by weight to 15% by weight of alkali carbonate and 20% by weight to Contain 40 wt .-% alkali disilicate.
  • Additional peroxygen compounds which may be suitable for use in agents according to the invention are in particular hydrogen peroxide and inorganic salts which give off hydrogen peroxide under the washing or cleaning conditions, to which perborate, percarbonate, persilicate and / or persulfate such as caroate belong.
  • solid peroxygen compounds If solid peroxygen compounds are to be used, they can be used in the form of powders or granules, which can also be coated in a manner known in principle.
  • bleach stabilizers such as, for example, phosphonates, borates or metaborates and metasilicates, and magnesium salts such as magnesium sulfate may be useful.
  • Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
  • acylated sugar derivatives in particular pentaacetylglucose (PAG), pentaacetylfructose, tetraacetylxylose and octaacetyllactose, as well as acetylated, optionally N-alkylated glucamine and gluconolactone, and / or N-acylated lactams, for example N-benzoylcaprolactam, which are known from WO 94/294 from WO 94/29, WO 94/2970 / 28102, WO 94/28103.
  • WO 95/00626, WO 95/14759 and WO 95/17498 are known.
  • hydrophilically substituted acylacetals known from German patent application DE 196 16 769 and the acyl lactams described in German patent application DE 196 16 770 and international patent application WO 95/14075 are also preferably used.
  • the combinations of conventional bleach activators known from German patent application DE 44 43 177 can also be used.
  • Such bleach activators can, especially in the presence of the above-mentioned hydrogen peroxide-providing bleaches, in the usual range of amounts, preferably in amounts of 0.5% by weight to 10% by weight, in particular 1% by weight to 8% by weight, based on the total agent , are present, but are preferably missing entirely when the percarboxylic acid essential to the invention is used as the sole bleaching agent.
  • the sulfonimines and / or bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes known from European patents EP 0 446 982 and EP 0453 003 can also be present as so-called bleaching catalysts.
  • Enzymes which can be used in the compositions in addition to the amylase essential to the invention are those from the class of proteases, lipases, cutinases, pullulanases, hemicellulases, cellulases, oxidases, laccases and peroxidases and mixtures thereof. If appropriate, amylase other than the essential to the invention may also be present in addition to this.
  • Enzymes obtained from fungi or bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus lentus, Streptomyces griseus, Humicola lanuginosa, Humicola insolens, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Pseudomonas cepacia or Coprinus cinereus are particularly suitable.
  • the Amylase essential to the invention and the optionally additionally used enzymes can, as described for example in European patent EP 0 564 476 or in international patent application WO 94/23005, be adsorbed on carriers and / or be embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature inactivation .
  • the washing or cleaning agents according to the invention are contained in the washing or cleaning agents according to the invention preferably in amounts of up to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.2% by weight to 4% by weight.
  • the agent according to the invention contains protease, it preferably has a proteolytic activity in the range from about 100 PE / g to about 100 OOO PE / g, in particular 300 PE / g to 8000 PE / g.
  • these enzymes are to be used in the agent according to the invention, this can be done by incorporating the two or more separate or, in a known manner, separately assembled enzymes or by two or more enzymes assembled together in a granulate, as for example from international patent applications WO 96/00772 or WO 96/00773 known.
  • the organic solvents which can be used in the agents according to the invention, in particular if they are in liquid or pasty form, in addition to water include alcohols with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol, diols with 2 to 4 carbon atoms -Atoms, especially ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. as well as their mixtures and the ethers derivable from the compound classes mentioned.
  • Such water-miscible solvents are preferably present in the agents according to the invention in amounts not exceeding 30% by weight, in particular from 6% by weight to 20% by weight.
  • the agents can contain further constituents customary in washing and cleaning agents.
  • These optional components include, in particular, enzyme stabilizers, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors, foam inhibitors, and optical brighteners, and colorants and fragrances.
  • silver corrosion inhibitors can be used in dishwashing detergents according to the invention.
  • a cleaning agent according to the invention for hard surfaces can also contain abrasive components, in particular from the group comprising quartz flours, wood flours, plastic flours, chalks and micro-glass balls and mixtures thereof. Abrasives are preferably not contained in the cleaning agents according to the invention in excess of 20% by weight, in particular from 5% by weight to 15% by weight.
  • the agents according to the invention can contain system and environmentally compatible acids, in particular citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid and / or adipic acid, but also contain mineral acids, especially sulfuric acid, or bases, especially ammonium or alkali hydroxides.
  • Such pH regulators are in the agents according to the invention in amounts of preferably not more than 20% by weight. in particular from 1.2% by weight to 17% by weight.
  • the color transfer inhibitors which are suitable for use in textile detergents according to the invention include, in particular, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyvinylimidazoles, polymeric N-oxides such as poly (vinylpyridine-N-oxide) and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with vinylimidazole.
  • Graying inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the textile fibers suspended in the liquor.
  • Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this, for example starch, glue.
  • Gelatin salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch.
  • Water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are also suitable for this purpose.
  • Starch derivatives other than those mentioned above can also be used, for example aldehyde starches.
  • Cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium salt), methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose and mixed ethers, such as methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl carboxymethyl cellulose and mixtures thereof, for example in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the agent, are preferably used .
  • Textile detergents according to the invention can contain derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or their alkali metal salts as optical brighteners. Suitable are, for example, salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-mo holino-l, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of the same structure which are used instead the morpholino group carry a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.
  • Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may also be present, for example the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyry ⁇ ) diphenyl, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned optical brighteners can also be used.
  • Suitable foam inhibitors are, for example, soaps of natural or synthetic origin, which have a high proportion of C 8 -C 24 fatty acids.
  • Suitable non-surfactant-like foam inhibitors are, for example, organopolysiloxanes and their mixtures with microfine, optionally silanized silica, and paraffins, waxes. Microcrystalline waxes and their mixtures with silanized silica or bis fatty acid alkyl diamides. Mixtures of different foam inhibitors are also used with advantages, for example those made of silicone, paraffins or waxes.
  • the foam inhibitors, in particular silicone and / or paraffin-containing foam inhibitors are preferably bound to a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance. Mixtures of paraffins and bistearylethylenediamide are particularly preferred.
  • the preparation of solid agents according to the invention is not difficult and can be carried out in a known manner, for example by spray drying or granulation, the enzymes and any further thermally sensitive ingredients, such as bleaching agents, optionally being added separately later.
  • agents according to the invention with increased bulk density, in particular in the range from 650 g / 1 to 950 g / 1, a process known from European patent EP 0 486 592 and having an extrusion step is preferred.
  • a further preferred production using a granulation process is described in European patent EP 0 642 576.
  • agents according to the invention in tablet form which are single-phase or multi-phase, single-color or multi-color and in particular from one layer or from If there are several, especially two, layers, it is preferable to mix all the components - possibly one layer each - in a mixer and mix the mixture using conventional tablet presses, for example eccentric presses or rotary presses, with pressing forces in the range from about 50 to 100 kN, preferably at 60 to 70 kN.
  • break-resistant tablets which nevertheless dissolve sufficiently quickly under application conditions, are obtained with breaking and bending strengths of normally 100 to 200 N, but preferably over 150 N.
  • a tablet produced in this way preferably has a weight of 10 g to 50 g, in particular 15 g up to 40 g.
  • the shape of the tablets is arbitrary and can be round, oval or angular, intermediate forms are also possible. Corners and edges are advantageously rounded.
  • Round tablets preferably have a diameter of 30 mm to 40 mm.
  • the size of angular or cuboid tablets which are mainly introduced via the metering device, for example the dishwasher, depends on the geometry and the volume of this metering device.
  • Exemplary preferred embodiments have a base area of (20 to 30 mm) x (34 to 40 mm), in particular of 26x36 mm or of 24x38 mm.
  • Liquid or pasty washing or cleaning agents according to the invention in the form of solutions containing customary solvents are generally produced by simply mixing the ingredients, which can be added in bulk or as a solution to an automatic mixer.
  • 1,12-Diperdodecanedioic acid contained a detergent V2, which was otherwise of the same composition, but instead of Termamyl® contained the protein-identical amount of the genetically modified amylase Duramyl®, an otherwise detergent V3 composed of VI, which instead of Termamyl® the protein-identical amount of genetically modified amylase Purafect® OxAm, a detergent V4 otherwise composed like VI, which instead of Termamyl® contained the same amount of fungus amylase Fungamyl®, an inventive detergent Ml, which was otherwise composed like VI, but instead of Termamyl® the same amount of amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and an inventive detergent M2, which was otherwise composed like Ml, but st att 1,12-diperdodecanedioic acid contained the same amount of phthalimidopercaproic acid.
  • a detergent V2 which was otherwise of the same composition, but instead of Termamyl® contained the
  • the agents according to the invention had a washing performance which was clearly superior to the agents containing another amylase. Essentially the same applies if the peracid in the agents according to the invention is replaced by a conventional bleaching system made from perborate / T AED.
  • Detergent (V5 or V6) for the mechanical cleaning of dishes containing 55% by weight sodium tripolyphosphate (calculated as anhydrous), 4% by weight amorphous sodium disilicate (calculated as anhydrous), 22% by weight sodium carbonate, 11% by weight.
  • Phthalimidopercaproic acid 2% by weight non-ionic surfactant and 1% by weight or 2% by weight amylase granules (Termamyl® 60T) and 1.4% by weight of a protease granulate (activity 200,000 PU / g) with the Bacillus lentus protease (remainder to 100% by weight of water, perfume and dye), agents (V7 or V8) which were otherwise composed like V5 or V6, but contained identical amounts of Duramyl® instead of Termamyl®, and agents according to the invention (M3 or M4) which were otherwise composed like V5 or V6, but instead of Termamyl®, contained protein-identical amounts of amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were tested as follows:

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Abstract

The invention aims at improving the cleaning performance of detergents containing enzymes, especially in relation to starch-containing and dyed stains. This is substantially achieved in that the detergent contains α-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a percarboxylic acid and/or the alkaline salt thereof, in addition to other usual ingredients compatible with said constituents.

Description

Amylase und Percarbonsäure enthaltende Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel Detergents and cleaning agents containing amylase and percarboxylic acid
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft enzymhaltige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel, die neben üblichen Bestandteilen eine Amylase aus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens und ein bestimmtes peroxidisches Bleichmittel enthalten.The present invention relates to enzyme-containing detergents and cleaning agents which, in addition to the usual constituents, contain an amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a specific peroxidic bleaching agent.
Waschmittel enthalten neben den für den Waschprozess unverzichtbaren Inhaltsstoffen wie Tensiden und Buildermaterialien in der Regel weitere Bestandteile, die man unter dem Begriff Waschhilfsstoffe zusammenfassen kann und die so unterschiedliche Wirkstoffgruppen wie Schaumregulatoren, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Bleichmittel, Bleichaktivatoren und Farbübertragungsinhibitoren umfassen. Zu derartigen Hilfsstoffen gehören auch Substanzen, welche die Tensidleistung durch den enzymatischen Abbau von auf dem Textil befindlichen Anschmutzungen unterstützen. Gleiches gilt sinngemäß auch für Reinigungsmittel für harte Oberflächen. Dabei kommt neben den die Proteinentfernung unterstützenden Proteasen und den fettspaltenden Lipasen den Amylasen besondere Bedeutung zu. Amylasen haben die Aufgabe, die Entfernung stärkehaltiger Anschmutzungen durch die katalytische Hydrolyse des Stärke- Polysaccharids zu erleichtern und werden zu diesem Zweck seit längerer Zeit in Reinigungsmitteln für Geschirr, aber auch in Waschmitteln zum Einsatz in der Textil wasche eingesetzt. Zum weitaus überwiegenden Teil handelte es sich dabei bisher um eine thermostabile Amylase aus Bacillus licheniformis, die beispielsweise unter der Bezeichnung Teπnamyl® handelsüblich ist. In neuerer Zeit kommen in solchen Mitteln verstärkt gentechnisch veränderte Amylasen, das heißt mit im Vergleich zu natürlich vorkommenden Amylasen mit Hilfe gentechnologischer Methoden veränderter Aminosäuresequenz, zum Einsatz. Neben der Erhöhung ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit hat die gentechnische Modifikation von Amylasen im wesentlichen die Stabilitätserhöhung des Enzyms, insbesondere gegen den Angriff von Oxdationsmitteln, zum Ziel. Ein Ansatz zur Erreichung dieses Ziels, der in der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 94/18314 vorgeschlagen wurde, besteht in der Entfernung besonders oxidationsanfälliger Aminosäuren, wie Methionin, Tryptophan, Cystein oder Tyrosin, aus der Aminosäuresequenz der Amylase, oder deren Austausch durch andere, oxidationsstabilere Aminosäuren. Ein ähnliches Vorgehen wird auch in der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 95/21247 vorgeschlagen, die empfiehlt, in der Amylase-Aminosäuresequenz mindestens ein Methionin durch eine Aminosäure, die weder Methionin noch Cystein ist, auszutauschen.In addition to the ingredients that are indispensable for the washing process, such as surfactants and builder materials, detergents generally contain other ingredients, which can be summarized under the term washing aids and which include such different active ingredient groups as foam regulators, graying inhibitors, bleaching agents, bleach activators and color transfer inhibitors. Such auxiliaries also include substances which support the surfactant performance through the enzymatic degradation of soiling on the textile. The same applies analogously to cleaning agents for hard surfaces. In addition to the proteases that support protein removal and the fat-cleaving lipases, amylases are of particular importance. Amylases have the task of facilitating the removal of starchy soiling by the catalytic hydrolysis of the starch polysaccharide and for this purpose have been used for a long time in detergents for dishes, but also in detergents for use in textile washing. For the most part, it has so far been a thermostable amylase from Bacillus licheniformis, which is commercially available, for example, under the name Teπnamyl®. More recently, such agents have increasingly used genetically modified amylases, that is to say with amino acid sequences modified in comparison to naturally occurring amylases with the aid of genetic engineering methods. In addition to increasing their performance, the genetic modification of amylases essentially aims to increase the stability of the enzyme, in particular against the attack of oxidizing agents. One approach to achieving this goal, which was proposed in international patent application WO 94/18314, is to remove amino acids which are particularly susceptible to oxidation, such as methionine, tryptophan, cysteine or tyrosine, from the amino acid sequence of the amylase, or their replacement by other, more oxidation-stable amino acids. A similar procedure is also proposed in international patent application WO 95/21247, which recommends that at least one methionine in the amylase amino acid sequence be replaced by an amino acid which is neither methionine nor cysteine.
Wenngleich derartige gentechnische Modifikationen zwar zu einer verbesserten Amylase- stabilität unter bestimmten Anwendungsbedingungen führen können, tragen sie aber nicht zur Erhöhung des Beitrags der Amylase an der Wasch- beziehungsweise Reinigungsleistung entsprechender Mittel bei, in denen die Amylase enthalten ist.Although such genetic modifications can lead to improved amylase stability under certain application conditions, they do not contribute to increasing the contribution of the amylase to the washing or cleaning performance of corresponding agents in which the amylase is contained.
Überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, daß die Kombination aus einer natürlich vorkommenden α-Amylase mit einem bestimmten peroxidischen Oxidationsmittel zu unerwartetet synergistischen Leistungsverbesserungen führt, wenn man sie in Waschoder Reinigungsmitteln einsetzt.Surprisingly, it has now been found that the combination of a naturally occurring α-amylase with a certain peroxidic oxidizing agent leads to unexpected synergistic performance improvements when used in detergents or cleaning agents.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher ein amylasehaltiges Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel, das α-Amylase aus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens und eine Percarbonsäure und/oder deren Alkalisalz neben üblichen mit derartigen Bestandteilen verträglichen Inhaltsstoffen enthält.The invention therefore relates to an amylase-containing washing or cleaning agent which contains .alpha.-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a percarboxylic acid and / or its alkali salt in addition to the usual ingredients compatible with such constituents.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist die Verwendung einer entsprechenden Kombination zur Erhöhung der Reinigungsleistung von Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln, insbesondere gegenüber stärkehaltigen und/oder gefärbten Anschmutzungen, bei deren Anwendung in insbesondere wäßrigen Wasch- und Reinigungslösungen. Die Reinigungsleistung gegenüber gefärbten Anschmutzungen ist dabei in ihrer weitesten Bedeutung zu verstehen und umfaßt sowohl das Bleichen von sich auf dem Textil befindenden Schmutz, das Bleichen von in der Waschflotte befindlichem, vom Textil abgelösten Schmutz als auch das oxidative Zerstören von sich in der Waschflotte befindenden Textilfarben, die sich unter den Waschbedingungen von Textilien ablösen, bevor sie auf andersfarbige Textilien aufziehen können. Auch beim Einsatz in Reinigungslösungen für harte Oberflächen wird unter diesem Begriff sowohl das Bleichen von sich auf der harten Oberfläche befindendem Schmutz, insbesondere Tee, als auch das Bleichen von in der Geschirrspülflotte befindlichem, von der harten Oberfläche abgelösten Schmutz verstanden.Another object of the invention is the use of a corresponding combination to increase the cleaning performance of detergents and cleaning agents, in particular compared to starchy and / or colored stains, when used in aqueous washing and cleaning solutions in particular. The cleaning performance in relation to colored soiling is to be understood in its broadest meaning and includes both the bleaching of dirt on the textile, the bleaching of dirt in the washing liquor, detached from the textile, and the oxidative destruction of textile colors located in the washing liquor that detach from textiles under the washing conditions before they can be drawn onto textiles of a different color. Also when used in cleaning solutions for hard surfaces, this term includes both the bleaching of dirt on the hard surface, in particular tea, and the bleaching understood by dirt in the dishwashing liquor, detached from the hard surface.
α-Amylase aus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ist seit langem, beispielsweise aus der US- amerikanischen Patentschrift US 1 227 374, bekannt. Sie ist zum Beispiel unter der Bezeichnung Amylase BAN® im Handel erhältlich.α-Amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has long been known, for example from US Pat. No. 1,227,374. For example, it is commercially available under the name Amylase BAN®.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Mittel enthält vorzugsweise 0,001 mg bis 0,5 mg, insbesondere 0,02 mg bis 0,3 mg an amylolytischem Protein pro Gramm des gesamten Mittels. Die Proteinkonzentration kann mit Hilfe bekannter Methoden, zum Beispiel dem Bicinchonsäure-Verfahren (BCA-Verfahren, Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, IL) oder dem Biuret-Verfahren (A.G. Gornall, C.S. Bardawill und M.M. David, J. Biol. Chem. 177, 751-766, 1948) bestimmt werden.An agent according to the invention preferably contains 0.001 mg to 0.5 mg, in particular 0.02 mg to 0.3 mg, of amylolytic protein per gram of the total agent. The protein concentration can be determined using known methods, for example the bicinchonic acid method (BCA method, Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, IL) or the biuret method (AG Gornall, CS Bardawill and MM David, J. Biol. Chem. 177 , 751-766, 1948).
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Mittel enthält vorzugsweise 0,5 Gew.-% bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 Gew.-% bis 15 Gew.-% Percarbonsäure, wobei der Begriff Percarbonsäure sowohl die freien Säure als auch die Percarbonsäuresalze, insbeondere die Alkalisalze umfassen soll. Dabei kommen sowohl aliphatische Percarbonsäuren wie auch aromatische Percarbonsäuren wie beispielsweise Perbenzoesäure oder Perphthalsäure in Betracht. Vorzugsweise wird die Percarbonsäure unter den Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I,An agent according to the invention preferably contains 0.5% by weight to 20% by weight, in particular 1% by weight to 15% by weight, of percarboxylic acid, the term percarboxylic acid comprising both the free acid and the percarboxylic acid salts, in particular the alkali metal salts should. Both aliphatic percarboxylic acids and aromatic percarboxylic acids such as perbenzoic acid or perphthalic acid are suitable. The percarboxylic acid is preferably selected from the compounds of the general formula I
HOOOC-(CH2)n-COOOH (I) in der n eine Zahl von 8 bis 20, insbesondere 10 bis 14 bedeutet, oder unter den Amidoalkyl-, insbesondere Phthalimidoalkyl-percarbonsäuren ausgewählt. Im letztgenannten Fall ist Phthalimidopercapronsäure besonders bevorzugt. Unter den Dipercarbonsäuren der Formel l sind 1,12-Diperdodecandisäure und 1,9- Diperazelainsäure besonders bevorzugt.HOOOC- (CH 2 ) n -COOOH (I) in which n is a number from 8 to 20, in particular 10 to 14, or selected from amidoalkyl, in particular phthalimidoalkyl, percarboxylic acids. In the latter case, phthalimidopercaproic acid is particularly preferred. Among the dipercarboxylic acids of the formula I, 1,12-diperdodecanedioic acid and 1,9-diperazelaic acid are particularly preferred.
Amidoalkyl-percarbonsäuren und ihre Herstellung sind beispielsweise aus den europäischen Patentanmeldungen EP 0 349 940 und EP 0 739 880 bekannt.Amidoalkyl percarboxylic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from European patent applications EP 0 349 940 and EP 0 739 880.
Die Percarbonsäuren können insbesondere in feste erfindungsgemäße Mittel in gegebenenfalls compoundierter beziehungsweise beschichteter Form, wie zum Beispiel aus den europäischen Patentschriften EP 0 450 587, EP 0 521 962, EP 0 695 343 oder den europäischen Patentanmeldungen EP 0 816 418 bekannt, eingesetzt werden.The percarboxylic acids can in particular in solid compositions according to the invention in optionally compounded or coated form, such as from the European patents EP 0 450 587, EP 0 521 962, EP 0 695 343 or the European patent applications EP 0 816 418.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel, die als insbesondere pulverförmige Feststoffe, in nachverdichteter Teilchenform, als homogene Lösungen oder Suspensionen vorliegen können, können außer der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Wirkstoffkombination im Prinzip alle bekannten und in derartigen Mitteln üblichen Inhaltsstoffe enthalten. Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel können insbesondere Builder- substanzen, oberflächenaktive Tenside, zusätzliche Bleichmittel auf Basis organischer und/oder anorganischer Persauerstoffverbindungen, Bleichaktivatoren, wassermischbare organische Lösungsmittel, zusätzliche Enzyme, Sequestrierungsmittel, Elektrolyte, pH- Regulatoren und weitere Hilfsstoffe, wie optische Aufheller, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Farbübertragungsinhibitoren, Schaumregulatoren, Silberkorrosionsinhibitoren sowie Färb- und Duftstoffe enthalten.The detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention, which can be present in particular as powdery solids, in post-compacted particle form, as homogeneous solutions or suspensions, can, in addition to the active ingredient combination used according to the invention, in principle contain all known ingredients which are customary in such agents. The agents according to the invention can include, in particular, builder substances, surface-active surfactants, additional bleaching agents based on organic and / or inorganic peroxygen compounds, bleach activators, water-miscible organic solvents, additional enzymes, sequestering agents, electrolytes, pH regulators and further auxiliaries, such as optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors , Foam regulators, silver corrosion inhibitors and dyes and fragrances.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel können ein Tensid oder mehrere Tenside enthalten, wobei insbesondere anionische Tenside, nichtionische Tenside und deren Gemische, aber auch kationische, z itterionische und amphotere Tenside in Frage kommen.The agents according to the invention can contain one or more surfactants, in particular anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof, but also cationic, zerionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Geeignete nichtionische Tenside sind insbesondere Alkylglykoside und Ethoxylierungs- und/oder Propoxylierungsprodukte von Alkylglykosiden oder linearen oder verzweigten Alkoholen mit jeweils 12 bis 18 C-Atomen im Alkylteil und 3 bis 20, vorzugsweise 4 bis 10 Alkylethergruppen. Weiterhin sind entsprechende Ethoxylierungs- und/oder Propoxylierungsprodukte von N-Alkyl-aminen, vicinalen Diolen, Fettsäureestern und Fettsäure - amiden, die hinsichtlich des Alkylteils den genannten langkettigen Alkoholderivaten entsprechen, sowie von Alkylphenolen mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen im Alkylrest brauchbar.Suitable nonionic surfactants are in particular alkyl glycosides and ethoxylation and / or propoxylation products of alkyl glycosides or linear or branched alcohols each having 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl part and 3 to 20, preferably 4 to 10, alkyl ether groups. Corresponding ethoxylation and / or propoxylation products of N-alkylamines, vicinal diols, fatty acid esters and fatty acid amides, which correspond to the long-chain alcohol derivatives mentioned with regard to the alkyl part, and of alkylphenols having 5 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, can also be used.
Als nichtionische Tenside werden vorzugsweise alkoxylierte, vorteilhafterweise ethoxy- lierte, insbesondere primäre Alkohole mit vorzugsweise 8 bis 18 C-Atomen und durchschnittlich 1 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol eingesetzt, in denen der Alkoholrest linear oder bevorzugt in 2-Stellung methylverzweigt sein kann beziehungsweise lineare und methylverzweigte Reste im Gemisch enthalten kann, so wie sie üblicherweise in Oxoalkoholresten vorliegen. Insbesondere sind jedoch Alkoholethoxylate mit linearen Resten aus Alkoholen nativen Ursprungs mit 12 bis 18 C- Atomen, z.B. aus Kokos-, Palm-, Taigfett- oder Oleylalkohol, und durchschnittlich 2 bis 8 EO pro Mol Alkohol bevorzugt. Zu den bevorzugten ethoxylierten Alkoholen gehören beispielsweise C12-Cι - Alkohole mit 3 EO oder 4 EO, C9-Cn -Alkohole mit 7 EO, Cj - Cι5-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO oder 8 EO, Cι2-C18-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO oder 7 EO und Mischungen aus diesen, wie Mischungen aus Cn-Cπ-Alkohol mit 3 EO und Cj2- Cι8-Alkohol mit 7 EO. Die angegebenen Ethoxylierungsgrade stellen statistische Mittelwerte dar, die für ein spezielles Produkt eine ganze oder eine gebrochene Zahl sein können. Bevorzugte Alkoholethoxylate weisen eine eingeengte Homologenverteilung auf (narrow ränge ethoxylates, NRE). Zusätzlich zu diesen nichtionischen Tensiden können auch Fettalkohole mit mehr als 12 EO eingesetzt werden. Beispiele hierfür sind (Talg-) Fettalkohole mit 14 EO, 16 EO, 20 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO oder 40 EO. Insbesondere in Reinigungsmitteln für den Einsatz in maschinellen Geschirrspülverfahren werden üblicherweise extrem schaumarme Verbindungen eingesetzt. Hierzu zählen vorzugsweise Ci2-Cι8-Alkylpolyethylenglykol-polypropylenglykolether mit jeweils bei zu 8 Mol Ethylenoxid- und Propylenoxideinheiten im Molekül. Man kann aber auch andere bekannt schaumarme nichtionische Tenside verwenden, wie zum Beispiel Cι2-Cι8-Alkylpo- lyethylenglykol-polybutylenglykolether mit jeweils bis zu 8 Mol Ethylenoxid- und Butylenoxideinheiten im Molekül sowie endgruppenverschlossene Alkylpolyalkylen- glykolmischether. Besonders bevorzugt sind auch die hydroxylgruppenhaltigen alkoxylierten Alkohole, wie sie in der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 0 300 305 beschrieben sind, sogenannte Hydroxymischether. Zu den nichtionischen Tensiden zählen auch Alkylglykoside der allgemeinen Formel RO(G)x eingesetzt werden, in der R einen primären geradkettigen oder methylverzweigten, insbesondere in 2-Stellung methylverzweigten aliphatischen Rest mit 8 bis 22, vorzugsweise 12 bis 18 C-Atomen bedeutet und G für eine Glykoseeinheit mit 5 oder 6 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise für Glucose, steht. Der Oligomerisierungsgrad x, der die Verteilung von Monoglykosiden und Oligoglykosiden angibt, ist eine beliebige Zahl - die als analytisch zu bestimmende Größe auch gebrochene Werte annehmen kann - zwischen 1 und 10; vorzugsweise liegt x bei 1,2 bis 1,4. Ebenfalls geeignet sind Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide der Formel (II), in der R'CO für einen aliphatischen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R für Wasserstoff, einen Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen und [Z] für einen linearen oder verzweigten Polyhydroxyalkylrest mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und 3 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen steht:The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol radical has a methyl or linear branching in the 2-position may be or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. In particular, however Alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -C 1 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 -Cn alcohols with 7 EO, C 1 -C 5 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 1 2 -C 18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of Cn-Cπ alcohol with 3 EO and Cj 2 -C 8 alcohol with 7 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of these are (tallow) fatty alcohols with 14 EO, 16 EO, 20 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO. Extremely low-foaming compounds are usually used in particular in cleaning agents for use in machine dishwashing processes. These preferably include Ci 2 -C 8 alkyl polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol ethers, each with up to 8 moles of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units in the molecule. But you can also use other known low-foaming nonionic surfactants, such as C 2 -C 8 alkyl polyglycol glycol-polybutylene glycol ether, each with up to 8 moles of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide units in the molecule, and end-capped alkyl polyalkylene glycol mixed ethers. Also particularly preferred are the hydroxyl-containing alkoxylated alcohols, as described in European patent application EP 0 300 305, so-called hydroxy mixed ethers. The nonionic surfactants also include alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms, and G stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is an arbitrary number - which, as an analytically determinable variable, can also take fractional values - between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4. Also suitable are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (II) in which R'CO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear one or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups:
RR
R'-CO-N-[Z] (II)R'-CO-N- [Z] (II)
Vorzugsweise leiten sich die Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide von reduzierenden Zuckern mit 5 oder 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, insbesondere von der Glucose ab. Zur Gruppe der Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide gehören auch Verbindungen der Formel (III),The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are preferably derived from reducing sugars with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, in particular from glucose. The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (III)
R4-O-R5 R 4 -OR 5
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000008_0001
in der R3 für einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest mit 7 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen. R4 für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylenrest oder einen Arylenrest mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und R5 für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest oder einen Oxy-Alkylrest mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, wobei C]-C -Alkyl- oder Phenylreste bevorzugt sind, und [Z] für einen linearen Polyhydroxyalkylrest, dessen Alkylkette mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen substituiert ist, oder alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder propoxylierte Derivate dieses Restes steht. [Z] wird auch hier vorzugsweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines Zuckers wie Glucose, Fructose, Maltose, Lactose, Galactose, Mannose oder Xylose erhalten. Die N-Alkoxy- oder N-Aryloxy-substituierten Verbindungen können dann beispielsweise nach der Lehre der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 95/07331 durch Umsetzung mit Fettsäuremethylestern in Gegenwart eines Alkoxids als Katalysator in die gewünschten Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide überführt werden. Eine weitere Klasse bevorzugt eingesetzter nichtionischer Tenside, die entweder als alleiniges nichtionisches Tensid oder in Kombination mit anderen nichtionischen Tensiden, insbesondere zusammen mit alkoxylierten Fettalkoholen und/oder Alkylglykosiden. eingesetzt werden, sind alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder ethoxylierte und propoxylierte Fettsäurealkylester, vorzugsweise mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen in der Alkylkette, insbesondere Fettsäuremethylester, wie sie beispielsweise in der japanischen Patentanmeldung JP 58/217598 beschrieben sind oder die vorzugsweise nach dem in der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 90/13533 beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellt werden. Auch nichtionische Tenside vom Typ der Aminoxide, beispielsweise N-Kokosalkyl-N,N-dimethylaminoxid und N-Talgalkyl-N.N- dihydroxyethylaminoxid, und der Fettsäurealkanolamide können geeignet sein. Die Menge dieser nichtionischen Tenside beträgt vorzugsweise nicht mehr als die der ethoxylierten Fettalkohole, insbesondere nicht mehr als die Hälfte davon. Als weitere Tenside kommen sogenannte Gemini-Tenside in Betracht. Hierunter werden im allgemeinen solche Verbindungen verstanden, die zwei hydrophile Gruppen pro Molekül besitzen. Diese Gruppen sind in der Regel durch einen sogenannten „Spacer" voneinander getrennt. Dieser Spacer ist in der Regel eine Kohlenstoffkette, die lang genug sein sollte, daß die hydrophilen Gruppen einen ausreichenden Abstand haben, damit sie unabhängig voneinander agieren können. Derartige Tenside zeichnen sich im allgemeinen durch eine ungewöhnlich geringe kritische Micellkonzentration und die Fähigkeit, die Oberflächenspannung des Wassers stark zu reduzieren, aus. In Ausnahmefällen werden unter dem Ausdruck Gemini-Tenside nicht nur derartig „dimere", sondern auch entsprechend „trimere" Tenside verstanden. Geeignete Gemini-Tenside sind beispielsweise sulfatierte Hydroxymischether gemäß der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 43 21 022 oder Dimeralkohol-bis- und Trimeralkohol-tris-sulfate und -ethersulfate gemäß der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 195 03 061. Endgruppenverschlossene dimere und trimere Mischether gemäß der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 195 13 391 zeichnen sich insbesondere durch ihre Bi- und Multifunktionalität aus. So besitzen die genannten endgruppenverschlossenen Tenside gute Netzeigenschaften und sind dabei schaumarm, so daß sie sich insbesondere für den Einsatz in maschinellen Wasch- oder Reinigungsverfahren eignen. Eingesetzt werden können aber auch Gemini- Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide oder Poly-Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide, wie sie in den internationalen Patentanmeldungen WO 95/19953, WO 95/19954 und WO 95/19955 beschrieben werden.in R 3 for a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms. R 4 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene radical or an arylene radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R 5 stands for a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, where C] -C - Alkyl or phenyl radicals are preferred, and [Z] stands for a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted with at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this radical. [Z] is also preferably obtained here by reductive amination of a sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example according to the teaching of international patent application WO 95/07331, be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst. Another class of preferably used nonionic surfactants, either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, in particular together with alkoxylated fatty alcohols and / or alkyl glycosides. are used are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 up to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, as described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably prepared by the process described in international patent application WO 90/13533. Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-NN-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them. So-called gemini surfactants can be considered as further surfactants. These are generally understood to mean those compounds which have two hydrophilic groups per molecule. These groups are generally separated from one another by a so-called “spacer”. This spacer is generally a carbon chain which should be long enough that the hydrophilic groups are sufficiently far apart that they can act independently of one another. Such surfactants are distinguished generally by an unusually low critical micelle concentration and the ability to greatly reduce the surface tension of the water. In exceptional cases, the term gemini surfactants is understood not only to mean “dimeric” in this way, but also correspondingly “trimeric” surfactants. Surfactants are, for example, sulfated hydroxy mixed ethers according to German patent application DE 43 21 022 or dimer alcohol bis- and trimeral alcohol tris-sulfates and ether sulfates according to German patent application DE 195 03 061. End group-blocked dimer and trimeric mixed ethers according to German patent application DE 195 13 391 itself i n especially by their bi- and multifunctionality. The end-capped surfactants mentioned have good wetting properties and are low-foaming, so that they are particularly suitable for use in machine washing or cleaning processes. Gemini polyhydroxy fatty acid amides or poly polyhydroxy fatty acid amides as described in international patent applications WO 95/19953, WO 95/19954 and WO 95/19955 can also be used.
Geeignete anionische Tenside sind insbesondere Seifen und solche, die Sulfat- oder Sulfonat-Gruppen enthalten. Als Tenside vom Sulfonat-Typ kommen vorzugsweise C - Cι3-Alkylbenzolsulfonate, Olefinsulfonate, das heißt Gemische aus Alken- und Hydroxy- alkansulfonaten sowie Disulfonaten, wie man sie beispielsweise aus C12-Ci8- Monoolefinen mit end- oder innenständiger Doppelbindung durch Sulfonieren mit gasförmigem Schwefeltrioxid und anschließende alkalische oder saure Hydrolyse der Sulfonierungsprodukte erhält, in Betracht. Geeignet sind auch Alkansulfonate, die aus Ci2-Cι -Alkanen beispielsweise durch Sulfochlorierung oder Sulfoxidation mit anschließender Hydrolyse beziehungsweise Neutralisation gewonnen werden. Geeignet sind auch die Ester von α-Sulfofettsäuren (Estersulfonate), zum Beispiel die α-sulfo- nierten Methylester der hydrierten Kokos-, Palmkern- oder Taigfettsäuren, die durch α- Sulfonierung der Methylester von Fettsäuren pflanzlichen und/oder tierischen Ursprungs mit 8 bis 20 C-Atomen im Fettsäuremolekül und nachfolgende Neutralisation zu wasserlöslichen Mono-Salzen hergestellt werden, in Betracht. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich hierbei um die α-sulfonierten Ester der hydrierten Kokos-, Palm-, Palmkern- oder Taigfettsäuren, wobei auch Sulfonierungsprodukte von ungesättigten Fettsäuren, beispielsweise Ölsäure. in geringen Mengen, vorzugsweise in Mengen nicht oberhalb etwa 2 bis 3 Gew.-%, vorhanden sein können. Insbesondere sind ot- Sulfofettsäurealkylester bevorzugt, die eine Alkylkette mit nicht mehr als 4 C-Atomen in der Estergruppe aufweisen, beispielsweise Methylester, Ethylester, Propylester und Butylester. Mit besonderem Vorteil werden die Methylester der α-Sulfofettsäuren (MES), aber auch deren verseifte Disalze eingesetzt. Weitere geeignete Aniontenside sind sulfierte Fettsäureglycerinester, welche Mono-, Di- und Triester sowie deren Gemische darstellen, wie sie bei der Herstellung durch Veresterung durch ein Monoglycerin mit 1 bis 3 Mol Fettsäure oder bei der Umesterung von Triglyceriden mit 0,3 bis 2 Mol Glycerin erhalten werden. Als Alk(en)ylsulfate werden die Alkali- und insbesondere die Natriumsalze der Schwefelsäurehalbester der Ci2-Cι8-Fettalkohole beispielsweise aus Kokosfettalkohol, Taigfettalkohol. Lauryl-, Myristyl-, Cetyl- oder Stearylalkohol oder der Cι0-C2o-Oxoalkohole und diejenigen Halbester sekundärer Alkohole dieser Kettenlänge bevorzugt. Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Alk(en)ylsulfate der genannten Kettenlänge, welche einen synthetischen, auf petrochemischer Basis hergestellten geradkettigen Alkylrest enthalten, die ein analoges Abbauverhalten besitzen wie die adäquaten Verbindungen auf der Basis von fettchemischen Rohstoffen. Aus waschtechnischem Interesse sind Cι2-Cι6- Alkylsulfate und Cι2-Cι5-Alkylsulfate sowie Cι4-C15-Alkylsulfate insbesondere bevorzugt. Auch 2,3-Alkylsulfate, welche beispielsweise gemäß den US-amerikanischen Patentschriften US 3 234 258 oder US 5 075 041 hergestellt werden und als Handelsprodukte der Shell Oil Company unter dem Namen DAN® erhalten werden können, sind geeignete Aniontenside. Geeignet sind auch die Schwefelsäuremonoester der mit 1 bis 6 Mol Ethylenoxid ethoxylierten geradkettigen oder verzweigten C -C2r Alkohole, wie 2-Methylverzweigte C9-Cn-Alkohole mit im Durchschnitt 3,5 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) oder Cι2-Cι8-Fettalkohole mit 1 bis 4 EO. Zu den bevorzugten Aniontensiden gehören auch die Salze der Alkylsulfobernsteinsäure, die auch als Sulfosuccinate oder als Sulfobernsteinsäureester bezeichnet werden, und die Monoester und/oder Diester der Sulfobernsteinsäure mit Alkoholen, vorzugsweise Fettalkoholen und insbesondere ethoxylierten Fettalkoholen darstellen. Bevorzugte Sulfosuccinate enthalten C8- bis Cis-Fettalkoholreste oder Mischungen aus diesen. Insbesondere bevorzugte Sulfosuccinate enthalten einen Fettalkoholrest, der sich von ethoxylierten Fettalkoholen ableitet, die für sich betrachtet nichtionische Tenside darstellen. Dabei sind wiederum Sulfosuccinate, deren Fettalkohol-Reste sich von ethoxylierten Fettalkoholen mit eingeengter Homologenverteilung ableiten, besonders bevorzugt. Ebenso ist es auch möglich, Alk(en)ylbernsteinsäure mit vorzugsweise 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen in der Alk(en)ylkette oder deren Salze einzusetzen. Als weitere anionische Tenside kommen Fettsäure-Derivate von Aminosäuren, beispielsweise von N-Methyltaurin (Tauride) und/oder von N-Methylglycin (Sarkoside) in Betracht. Insbesondere bevorzugt sind dabei die Sarkoside beziehungsweise die Sarkosinate und hier vor allem Sarkosinate von höheren und gegebenenfalls einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren wie Oleylsarkosinat. Als weitere anionische Tenside kommen insbesondere Seifen in Betracht. Geeignet sind insbesondere gesättigte Fettsäureseifen, wie die Salze der Laurinsäure, Myristinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Stearinsäure, hydrierten Erucasäure und Behensäure sowie insbesondere aus natürlichen Fettsäuren, zum Beispiel Kokos-, Palmkern- oder Taigfettsäuren, abgeleitete Seifengemische. Zusammen mit diesen Seifen oder als Ersatzmittel für Seifen können auch die bekannten Alkenylbernsteinsäuresalze eingesetzt werden.Suitable anionic surfactants are in particular soaps and those which contain sulfate or sulfonate groups. Preferred surfactants of the sulfonate type are C - Cι 3 alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, that is, mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as are obtained, for example, from C 12 -C 8 monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis Receives sulfonation products. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates, which are obtained from C 2 -Cι alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Also suitable are the esters of α-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the α-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, which have from 8 to by α-sulfonation of the methyl esters of fatty acids of vegetable and / or animal origin 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid molecule and subsequent neutralization to water-soluble mono-salts are considered. These are preferably the α-sulfonated esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, and also sulfonation products of unsaturated fatty acids, for example oleic acid. can be present in small amounts, preferably in amounts not above about 2 to 3% by weight. In particular, ot-sulfofatty acid alkyl esters are preferred which have an alkyl chain with no more than 4 carbon atoms in the ester group, for example methyl esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters and butyl esters. The methyl esters of α-sulfofatty acids (MES), but also their saponified disalts, are used with particular advantage. Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters, which are mono-, di- and triesters as well as their mixtures, such as those produced by esterification by a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol be preserved. Alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and especially the sodium salts of the Schwefelsäurehalbester Ci 2 -Cι be 8 fatty alcohols, for example, from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol. Lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the Cι 0 -C 2 o-oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. From a washing-technical point of view, C 2 -C 6 alkyl sulfates and C 2 -C 5 alkyl sulfates and C 4 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are in particular prefers. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates, which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are also suitable anionic surfactants. Also suitable are the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C -C 2 r alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C 9 -Cn alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol ethylene oxide (EO) or C 2 -C 8 -Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO. The preferred anionic surfactants also include the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8 to cis fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which are nonionic surfactants in themselves. Again, sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof. Fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, for example of N-methyl taurine (taurides) and / or of N-methyl glycine (sarcosides) are suitable as further anionic surfactants. The sarcosides or sarcosinates, and in particular sarcosinates of higher and optionally mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids such as oleyl sarcosinate, are particularly preferred. Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Saturated fatty acid soaps are particularly suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids. The known alkenylsuccinic acid salts can also be used together with these soaps or as a substitute for soaps.
Die anionischen Tenside, einschließlich der Seifen, können in Form ihrer Natrium-, Kalium- oder Ammoniumsalze sowie als lösliche Salze organischer Basen, wie Mono-, Di- oder Triethanolamin, vorliegen. Vorzugsweise liegen die anionischen Tenside in Form ihrer Natrium- oder Kaliumsalze, insbesondere in Form der Natriumsalze vor.The anionic surfactants, including the soaps, can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, Di- or triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
Tenside sind in erfindungsgemäßen Waschmitteln in Mengenanteilen von vorzugsweise 5 Gew.-% bis 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 8 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-%, enthalten, wohingegen Mittel zur Reinigung harter Oberflächen, insbesondere zur maschinellen Reinigung von Geschirr, niedrigere Tensidgehalte von bis zu 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere bis zu 5 Gew.-% und vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,5 Gew.-% bis 3 Gew.-% aufweisen.Surfactants are present in detergents according to the invention in proportions of preferably 5% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular 8% by weight to 30% by weight, whereas agents for cleaning hard surfaces, in particular for machine cleaning of dishes , have lower surfactant contents of up to 10% by weight, in particular up to 5% by weight and preferably in the range from 0.5% by weight to 3% by weight.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Mittel enthält vorzugsweise mindestens einen wasserlöslichen und/oder wasserunlöslichen, organischen und/oder anorganischen Builder. Zu den wasserlöslichen organischen Buildersubstanzen gehören Polycarbonsäuren, insbesondere Citronensäure und Zuckersäuren, monomere und polymere Aminopolycarbonsäuren, insbesondere Methylglycindiessigsäure, Nitrilotriessigsäure und Ethylendiamintetraessig- säure sowie Polyasparaginsäure, Polyphosphonsäuren, insbesondere Aminotris(methylen- phosphonsäure). Ethylendiamintetrakis(methylenphosphonsäure) und 1 -Hydroxyethan- 1 ,1-diphosphonsäure. polymere Hydroxyverbindungen wie Dextrin sowie polymere (Poly-)carbonsäuren, insbesondere die durch Oxidation von Polysacchariden beziehungsweise Dextrinen zugänglichen Polycarboxylate der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 625 992 beziehungsweise der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 92/18542 oder der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 232 202, polymere Acrylsäuren, Methacrylsäuren, Maleinsäuren und Mischpolymere aus diesen, die auch geringe Anteile polymerisierbarer Substanzen ohne Carbonsäurefunktionalität einpolymerisiert enthalten können. Die relative Molekülmasse der Homopolymeren ungesättiger Carbonsäuren liegt im allgemeinen zwischen 3 000 und 200 000, die der Copolymeren zwischen 2 000 und 200 000, vorzugsweise 30 000 bis 120 000, jeweils bezogen auf freie Säure. Ein besonders bevorzugtes Acrylsäure-Maleinsäure-Copolymer weist eine relative Molekülmasse von 30 000 bis 100 000 auf. Handelsübliche Produkte sind zum Beispiel Sokalan® CP 5, CP 10 und PA 30 der Firma BASF. Geeignete, wenn auch weniger bevorzugte Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind Copolymere der Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsäure mit Vinyl- ethern, wie Vinylmethylethern, Vinylester, Ethylen, Propylen und Styrol, in denen der Anteil der Säure mindestens 50 Gew.-% beträgt. Als wasserlösliche organische Buildersubstanzen können auch Terpolymere eingesetzt werden, die als Monomere zwei ungesät- tigte Säuren und oder deren Salze sowie als drittes Monomer Vinylalkohol und/oder einem veresterten Vinylalkohol oder ein Kohlenhydrat enthalten. Das erste saure Monomer beziehungsweise dessen Salz leitet sich von einer monoethylenisch ungesättigten C3-C8-Carbonsäure und vorzugsweise von einer C3-C4-Monocarbonsäure, insbesondere von (Meth)-acrylsäure ab. Das zweite saure Monomer beziehungsweise dessen Salz kann ein Derivat einer C -C8-Dicarbonsäure, wobei Maleinsäure besonders bevorzugt ist, und/oder ein Derivat einer Allylsulfonsäure, die in 2-Stellung mit einem Alkyl- oder Arylrest substituiert ist, sein. Derartige Polymere lassen sich insbesondere nach Verfahren herstellen, die in der deutschen Patentschrift DE 42 21 381 und der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 43 00 772 beschrieben sind, und weisen im allgemeinen eine relative Molekülmasse zwischen 1 000 und 200 000 auf. Weitere bevorzugte Copolymere sind solche, die in den deutschen Patentanmeldungen DE 43 03 320 und DE 44 17 734 beschrieben werden und als Monomere vorzugsweise Acrolein und Acrylsäure/Acrylsäure- salze beziehungsweise Vinylacetat aufweisen. Die organischen Buildersubstanzen können, insbesondere zur Herstellung flüssiger Mittel, in Form wäßriger Lösungen, vorzugsweise in Form 30- bis 50-gewichtsprozentiger wäßriger Lösungen eingesetzt werden. Alle genannten Säuren werden in der Regel in Form ihrer wasserlöslichen Salze, insbesondere ihre Alkalisalze, eingesetzt.An agent according to the invention preferably contains at least one water-soluble and / or water-insoluble, organic and / or inorganic builder. The water-soluble organic builder substances include polycarboxylic acids, in particular citric acid and sugar acids, monomeric and polymeric aminopolycarboxylic acids, in particular methylglycinediacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and also polyaspartic acid, polyphosphonic acids, in particular aminotris (methylenephosphonic acid). Ethylene diamine tetrakis (methylenephosphonic acid) and 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid. polymeric hydroxy compounds such as dextrin and polymeric (poly) carboxylic acids, in particular the polycarboxylates of European patent EP 0 625 992 or the international patent application WO 92/18542 or European patent EP 0 232 202, which are accessible by oxidation of polysaccharides or dextrins, polymeric acrylic acids, methacrylic acids , Maleic acids and copolymers of these, which may also contain small amounts of polymerizable substances without carboxylic acid functionality in copolymerized form. The relative molecular weight of the homopolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids is generally between 3,000 and 200,000, that of the copolymers between 2,000 and 200,000, preferably 30,000 to 120,000, in each case based on free acid. A particularly preferred acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer has a relative molecular weight of 30,000 to 100,000. Commercial products are, for example, Sokalan® CP 5, CP 10 and PA 30 from BASF. Suitable, albeit less preferred, compounds of this class are copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinyl methyl ethers, vinyl esters, ethylene, propylene and styrene, in which the proportion of acid is at least 50% by weight. Terpolymers can also be used as water-soluble organic builder substances, the monomers being two unsaturated Contained acids and or their salts and, as a third monomer, vinyl alcohol and / or an esterified vinyl alcohol or a carbohydrate. The first acidic monomer or its salt is derived from a monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 carboxylic acid and preferably from a C 3 -C 4 monocarboxylic acid, in particular from (meth) acrylic acid. The second acidic monomer or its salt can be a derivative of a C -C 8 dicarboxylic acid, maleic acid being particularly preferred, and / or a derivative of an allylsulfonic acid which is substituted in the 2-position by an alkyl or aryl radical. Polymers of this type can be produced in particular by processes which are described in German patent specification DE 42 21 381 and German patent application DE 43 00 772 and generally have a relative molecular weight of between 1,000 and 200,000. Further preferred copolymers are those which are described in German patent applications DE 43 03 320 and DE 44 17 734 and which preferably contain acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or vinyl acetate as monomers. The organic builder substances can be used, in particular for the production of liquid agents, in the form of aqueous solutions, preferably in the form of 30 to 50 percent by weight aqueous solutions. All of the acids mentioned are generally used in the form of their water-soluble salts, in particular their alkali metal salts.
Derartige organische Buildersubstanzen können gewünschtenfalls in Mengen bis zu 40 Gew.-%, insbesondere bis zu 25 Gew.-% und vorzugsweise von 1 Gew.-% bis 8 Gew.- % enthalten sein. Mengen nahe der genannten Obergrenze werden vorzugsweise in pastenförmigen oder flüssigen, insbesondere wasserhaltigen, erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln eingesetzt.Such organic builder substances can, if desired, be present in amounts of up to 40% by weight, in particular up to 25% by weight and preferably from 1% by weight to 8% by weight. Amounts close to the upper limit mentioned are preferably used in paste-like or liquid, in particular water-containing agents according to the invention.
Als wasserlösliche anorganische Buildermaterialien kommen insbesondere Alkalisilikate, Alkalicarbonate und Alkaliphosphate, die in Form ihrer alkalischen, neutralen oder sauren Natrium- oder Kaliumsalze vorliegen können, in Betracht. Beispiele hierfür sind Trinatriumphosphat, Tetranatriumdiphosphat, Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat, Pentana- triumtriphosphat, sogenanntes Natriumhexametaphosphat, oligomeresParticularly suitable water-soluble inorganic builder materials are alkali silicates, alkali carbonates and alkali phosphates, which can be present in the form of their alkaline, neutral or acidic sodium or potassium salts. Examples of this are trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, so-called sodium hexametaphosphate, oligomeric
Trinatriumphosphat mit Oligomerisierungsgraden von 5 bis 1000, insbesondere 5 bis 50, sowie die entsprechenden Kaliumsalze beziehungsweise Gemische aus Natrium- und Kaliumsalzen. Als wasserunlösliche, wasserdispergierbare anorganische Buildermateria- lien werden insbesondere kristalline oder amorphe Alkalialumosilikate, in Mengen von bis zu 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise nicht über 40 Gew.-% und in flüssigen Mitteln insbesondere von 1 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%, eingesetzt. Unter diesen sind die kristallinen Natriumalumosilikate in Waschmittelqualität, insbesondere Zeolith A, P und gegebenenfalls X, allein oder in Mischungen, beispielsweise in Form eines Co-Kristallisats aus den Zeolithen A und X (Vegobond® AX, ein Handelsprodukt der Condea Augusta S.p.A.), bevorzugt. Mengen nahe der genannten Obergrenze werden vorzugsweise in festen, teil- chenförmigen Mitteln eingesetzt. Geeignete Alumosilikate weisen insbesondere keine Teilchen mit einer Korngröße über 30 μm auf und bestehen vorzugsweise zu wenigstens 80 Gew.-% aus Teilchen mit einer Größe unter 10 μm. Ihr Calciumbindevermögen, das nach den Angaben der deutschen Patentschrift DE 24 12 837 bestimmt werden kann, liegt in der Regel im Bereich von 100 bis 200 mg CaO pro Gramm.Trisodium phosphate with degrees of oligomerization of 5 to 1000, in particular 5 to 50, and the corresponding potassium salts or mixtures of sodium and potassium salts. As a water-insoluble, water-dispersible inorganic builder material In particular, crystalline or amorphous alkali alumosilicates are used, in amounts of up to 50% by weight, preferably not more than 40% by weight, and in liquid compositions, in particular from 1% by weight to 5% by weight. Among these, the crystalline sodium aluminosilicates in detergent quality, in particular zeolite A, P and optionally X, alone or in mixtures, for example in the form of a co-crystallizate from the zeolites A and X (Vegobond® AX, a commercial product of Condea Augusta SpA), are preferred . Quantities close to the upper limit mentioned are preferably used in solid, particulate compositions. Suitable aluminosilicates in particular have no particles with a grain size above 30 μm and preferably consist of at least 80% by weight of particles with a size below 10 μm. Their calcium binding capacity, which can be determined according to the information in German patent DE 24 12 837, is generally in the range from 100 to 200 mg CaO per gram.
Geeignete Substitute beziehungsweise Teilsubstitute für das genannte Alumosilikat sind kristalline Alkalisilikate, die allein oder im Gemisch mit amorphen Silikaten vorliegen können. Die in den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln als Gerüststoffe brauchbaren Alkalisilikate weisen vorzugsweise ein molares Verhältnis von Alkalioxid zu Siθ2 unter 0,95, insbesondere von 1 : 1,1 bis 1 :12 auf und können amorph oder kristallin vorliegen. Bevorzugte Alkalisilikate sind die Natriumsilikate, insbesondere die amorphen Natriumsilikate, mit einem molaren Verhältnis Na2θ:SiO2 von 1 :2 bis 1 :2,8. Solche mit einem molaren Verhältnis Na2θ:Siθ2 von 1 :1.9 bis 1 :2,8 können nach dem Verfahren der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 0 425 427 hergestellt werden. Als kristalline Silikate, die allein oder im Gemisch mit amorphen Silikaten vorliegen können, werden vorzugsweise kristalline Schichtsilikate der allgemeinen Formel Na2Sixθ2X+ι y H2O eingesetzt, in der x, das sogenannte Modul, eine Zahl von 1,9 bis 22, insbesondere 1,9 bis 4 und y eine Zahl von 0 bis 33 ist und bevorzugte Werte für x 2, 3 oder 4 sind. Kristalline Schichtsilikate, die unter diese allgemeine Formel fallen, werden beispielsweise in der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 0 164 514 beschrieben. Bevorzugte kristalline Schichtsilikate sind solche, bei denen x in der genannten allgemeinen Formel die Werte 2 oder 3 annimmt. Insbesondere sind sowohl ß- als auch δ-Natriumdisilikate (Na2Si2O5 ' y H2O) bevorzugt, wobei ß-Natriumdisilikat beispielsweise nach dem Verfahren erhalten werden kann, das in der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 91/08171 beschrieben ist. δ- Natriumsilikate mit einem Modul zwischen 1,9 und 3,2 können gemäß den japanischen Patentanmeldungen JP 04/238 809 oder JP 04/260 610 hergestellt werden. Auch aus amorphen Alkalisilikaten hergestellte, praktisch wasserfreie kristalline Alkalisilikate der obengenannten allgemeinen Formel, in der x eine Zahl von 1,9 bis 2,1 bedeutet, herstellbar wie in den europäischen Patentanmeldungen EP 0 548 599, EP 0 502 325 und EP 0 452 428 beschrieben, können in erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln eingesetzt werden. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsform erfindungsgemäßer Mittel wird ein kristallines Natriumschichtsilikat mit einem Modul von 2 bis 3 eingesetzt, wie es nach dem Verfahren der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 0 436 835 aus Sand und Soda hergestellt werden kann. Kristalline Natriumsilikate mit einem Modul im Bereich von 1.9 bis 3.5, wie sie nach den Verfahren der europäischen Patentschriften EP 0 164 552 und/oder EP 0 294 753 erhältlich sind, werden in einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform erfindungsgemäßer Mittel eingesetzt. Kristalline schichtfb'rmige Silikate der oben angegebenen Formel (I) werden von der Fa. Clariant GmbH unter dem Handelsnamen Na-SKS vertrieben, z.B. Na-SKS-1 (Na2Si22O45 xH2O, Kenyait), Na-SKS-2 (Na2Siι4θ29 H2O, Magadiit), Na-SKS-3 (Na2Si8Oi7 xH2O) oder Na-SKS-4 (Na2Si Oq xH?O. Makatit). Von diesen eignen sich vor allem Na-SKS-5 (α-Na2Si2O5), Na-SKS-7 (ß-Na2Si2O5, Natrosilit), Na-SKS-9 (NaHSi2O53H2O), Na-SKS-10 ( aHSi2O5 3H2O, Kanemit), Na-SKS-1 1 (t-Na2Si2O5) und Na-SKS-13 (NaHSi2O5), insbesondere aber Na-SKS-6 (δ-Na Si2θ5). Einen Überblick über kristalline Schichtsilikate geben zum Beispiel die im "Hoechst High Chem Magazin 14/1993" auf den Seiten 33 - 38 und in "Seifen-Öle-Fette- Wachse, 1 16 Jahrgang, Nr. 20/1990" auf den Seiten 805 - 808 veröffentlichten Artikel. In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung erfindungsgemäßer Mittel setzt man ein granuläres Compound aus kristallinem Schichtsilikat und Citrat, aus kristallinem Schichtsilikat und oben genannter (co-)polymerer Polycarbonsäure, wie es zum Beispiel in der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 198 19 187beschrieben ist, oder aus Alkalisilikat und Alkalicarbonat ein, wie es zum Beispiel in der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 95/22592 beschrieben ist oder wie es beispielsweise unter dem Namen Nabion® 15 im Handel erhältlich ist.Suitable substitutes or partial substitutes for the aluminosilicate mentioned are crystalline alkali silicates, which can be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates. The alkali silicates which can be used as builders in the agents according to the invention preferably have a molar ratio of alkali oxide to SiO 2 below 0.95, in particular from 1: 1.1 to 1:12, and can be amorphous or crystalline. Preferred alkali silicates are the sodium silicates, in particular the amorphous sodium silicates, with a molar Na 2 θ: SiO 2 ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 2.8. Those with a molar ratio Na 2 θ: Siθ2 of 1: 1.9 to 1: 2.8 can be produced by the process of European patent application EP 0 425 427. Crystalline phyllosilicates of the general formula Na 2 Si x θ 2X + ι y H 2 O, in which x, the so-called modulus, is a number of 1.9, are preferably used as crystalline silicates, which may be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates to 22, especially 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 33 and are preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4. Crystalline layered silicates which fall under this general formula are described, for example, in European patent application EP 0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates are those in which x assumes the values 2 or 3 in the general formula mentioned. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicate (Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ' y H 2 O) are preferred, with β-sodium disilicate being able to be obtained, for example, by the process described in international patent application WO 91/08171. δ- Sodium silicates with a modulus between 1.9 and 3.2 can be produced according to Japanese patent applications JP 04/238 809 or JP 04/260 610. Practically anhydrous crystalline alkali silicates of the above general formula, in which x denotes a number from 1.9 to 2.1, can also be prepared from amorphous alkali silicates, as in European patent applications EP 0 548 599, EP 0 502 325 and EP 0 452 428 described, can be used in agents according to the invention. In a further preferred embodiment of agents according to the invention, a crystalline layered sodium silicate with a modulus of 2 to 3 is used, as can be produced from sand and soda by the process of European patent application EP 0 436 835. Crystalline sodium silicates with a modulus in the range from 1.9 to 3.5, as can be obtained by the processes of European patent EP 0 164 552 and / or EP 0 294 753, are used in a further preferred embodiment of agents according to the invention. Crystalline schichtfb '-shaped silicates of the above formula (I) are sold by the company. Clariant GmbH under the trade name Na-SKS, for example Na-SKS-1 (Na 2 Si 22 O 4 5 xH 2 O, kenyaite), Na SKS-2 (Na 2 Siι 4 θ 29 H 2 O, magadiite), Na-SKS-3 (Na 2 Si 8 Oi7 xH 2 O) or Na-SKS-4 (Na 2 Si Oq xH? O. Makatit). Of these, Na-SKS-5 (α-Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ), Na-SKS-7 (β-Na 2 Si 2 O 5 , natrosilite), Na-SKS-9 (NaHSi 2 O 5 ) are particularly suitable 3H 2 O), Na-SKS-10 (aHSi 2 O 5 3H 2 O, Kanemit), Na-SKS-1 1 (t-Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ) and Na-SKS-13 (NaHSi 2 O 5 ) , but especially Na-SKS-6 (δ-Na Si 2 θ 5 ). An overview of crystalline layered silicates is given, for example, in "Hoechst High Chem Magazine 14/1993" on pages 33 - 38 and in "Soap-oil-fat waxes, 1 16 year, No. 20/1990" on pages 805 - 808 published articles. In a preferred embodiment of agents according to the invention, a granular compound of crystalline layered silicate and citrate, of crystalline layered silicate and the (co) polymeric polycarboxylic acid mentioned above, as described for example in German patent application DE 198 19 187, or of alkali silicate and alkali carbonate is used as described, for example, in international patent application WO 95/22592 or as it is commercially available, for example, under the name Nabion® 15.
Buildersubstanzen können in den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln gegebenenfalls in Mengen bis zu 90 Gew.-% enthalten sein. Sie sind vorzugsweise in Mengen bis zu 75 Gew.-% enthalten. Erfindungsgemäße Waschmittel weisen Buildergehalte von insbesondere 5 Gew.-% bis 50 Gew.-% auf. In erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln für die Reinigung harter Oberflächen, insbesondere zur maschinellen Reinigung von Geschirr, beträgt der Gehalt an Buildersubstanzen insbesondere 5 Gew.-% bis 88 Gew.-%, wobei in derartigen Mitteln vorzugsweise keine wasserunlöslichen Buildermaterialien eingesetzt werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform erfindungsgemäßer Mittel zur insbesondere maschinellen Reinigung von Geschirr sind 20 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-% wasserlöslicher organischer Builder, insbesondere Alkalicitrat, 5 Gew.-% bis 15 Gew.-% Alkalicarbonat und 20 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-% Alkalidisilikat enthalten.Builder substances can optionally be present in the agents according to the invention in amounts up to 90% by weight. They are preferably in amounts up to 75% by weight. contain. Detergents according to the invention have builder contents of in particular 5% by weight to 50% by weight. In agents according to the invention for cleaning hard surfaces, in particular for machine cleaning of dishes, the builder substance content is in particular 5% by weight to 88% by weight, with such agents preferably not using water-insoluble builder materials. In a preferred embodiment of agents according to the invention for in particular machine cleaning of dishes, 20% by weight to 40% by weight of water-soluble organic builders, in particular alkali citrate, 5% by weight to 15% by weight of alkali carbonate and 20% by weight to Contain 40 wt .-% alkali disilicate.
Als für den Einsatz in erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln gegebenenfalls geeignete zusätzliche Persauerstoffverbindungen kommen insbesondere Wasserstoffperoxid und unter den Wasch- beziehungsweise Reinigungsbedingungen Wasserstoffperoxid abgebende anorganische Salze, zu denen Perborat, Percarbonat, Persilikat und/oder Persulfat wie Caroat gehören, in Betracht. Sofern feste Persauerstoffverbindungen eingesetzt werden sollen, können diese in Form von Pulvern oder Granulaten verwendet werden, die auch in im Prinzip bekannter Weise umhüllt sein können. Der Zusatz geringer Mengen bekannter Bleichmittelstabilisatoren wie beispielsweise von Phosphonaten, Boraten beziehungsweise Metaboraten und Metasilikaten sowie Magnesiumsalzen wie Magnesiumsulfat kann zweckdienlich sein.Additional peroxygen compounds which may be suitable for use in agents according to the invention are in particular hydrogen peroxide and inorganic salts which give off hydrogen peroxide under the washing or cleaning conditions, to which perborate, percarbonate, persilicate and / or persulfate such as caroate belong. If solid peroxygen compounds are to be used, they can be used in the form of powders or granules, which can also be coated in a manner known in principle. The addition of small amounts of known bleach stabilizers such as, for example, phosphonates, borates or metaborates and metasilicates, and magnesium salts such as magnesium sulfate may be useful.
Als Bleichaktivatoren können Verbindungen, die unter Perhydrolysebedingungen aliphatische Peroxocarbonsäuren mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 C-Atomen, insbesondere 2 bis 4 C-Atomen, und/oder gegebenenfalls substituierte Perbenzoesäure ergeben, eingesetzt werden. Geeignet sind Substanzen, die O- und/oder N-Acylgruppen der genannten C-Atomzahl und/oder gegebenenfalls substituierte Benzoylgruppen tragen. Bevorzugt sind mehrfach acylierte Alkylendiamine, insbesondere Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), acylierte Triazinderivate, insbesondere 1,5-Diacetyl- 2,4-dioxohexahydro-l,3,5-triazin (DADHT), acylierte Glykolurile, insbesondere Tetraacetylglykoluril (TAGU), N-Acylimide, insbesondere N-Nonanoylsuccinimid (NOSI), acylierte Phenolsulfonate, insbesondere n-Nonanoyl- oder Isononanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (n- bzw. iso-NOBS), Carbonsäureanhydride, insbesondere Phthalsäureanhydrid, acylierte mehrwertige Alkohole, insbesondere Triacetin, Ethylenglykoldiacetat, 2,5-Diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran und die aus den deutschen Patentanmeldungen DE 196 16 693 und DE 196 16 767 bekannten Enolester sowie acetyliertes Sorbitol und Mannitol beziehungsweise deren in der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 0 525 239 beschriebene Mischungen (SORMAN). acylierte Zuckerderivate, insbesondere Pentaacetylglukose (PAG), Pentaacetylfruktose, Tetraacetylxylose und Octaacetyllactose sowie acetyliertes, gegebenenfalls N-alkyliertes Glucamin und Gluconolacton, und/oder N-acylierte Lactame, beispielsweise N-Benzoylcaprolactam, die aus den internationalen Patentanmeldungen WO 94/27970, WO 94/28102, WO 94/28103. WO 95/00626, WO 95/14759 und WO 95/17498 bekannt sind. Die aus der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 196 16 769 bekannten hydrophil substituierten Acylacetale und die in der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 196 16 770 sowie der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 95/14075 beschriebenen Acyllactame werden ebenfalls bevorzugt eingesetzt. Auch die aus der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 44 43 177 bekannten Kombinationen konventioneller Bleichaktivatoren können eingesetzt werden. Derartige Bleichaktivatoren können, insbesondere bei Anwesenheit obengenannter Wasserstoffperoxid-liefernder Bleichmittel, im üblichen Mengenbereich, vorzugsweise in Mengen von 0.5 Gew.-% bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 Gew.-% bis 8 Gew.-%, bezogen auf gesamtes Mittel, enthalten sein, fehlen bei Einsatz der erfindungswesentlichen Percarbonsäure als alleinigem Bleichmittel jedoch vorzugsweise ganz.Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preferred are multiply acylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, Ethylene glycol diacetate, 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran and the enol esters known from German patent applications DE 196 16 693 and DE 196 16 767 as well as acetylated sorbitol and mannitol or their mixtures described in European patent application EP 0 525 239 (SORMAN) . acylated sugar derivatives, in particular pentaacetylglucose (PAG), pentaacetylfructose, tetraacetylxylose and octaacetyllactose, as well as acetylated, optionally N-alkylated glucamine and gluconolactone, and / or N-acylated lactams, for example N-benzoylcaprolactam, which are known from WO 94/294 from WO 94/29, WO 94/2970 / 28102, WO 94/28103. WO 95/00626, WO 95/14759 and WO 95/17498 are known. The hydrophilically substituted acylacetals known from German patent application DE 196 16 769 and the acyl lactams described in German patent application DE 196 16 770 and international patent application WO 95/14075 are also preferably used. The combinations of conventional bleach activators known from German patent application DE 44 43 177 can also be used. Such bleach activators can, especially in the presence of the above-mentioned hydrogen peroxide-providing bleaches, in the usual range of amounts, preferably in amounts of 0.5% by weight to 10% by weight, in particular 1% by weight to 8% by weight, based on the total agent , are present, but are preferably missing entirely when the percarboxylic acid essential to the invention is used as the sole bleaching agent.
Zusätzlich zu den konventionellen Bleichaktivatoren oder an deren Stelle können auch die aus den europäischen Patentschriften EP 0 446 982 und EP 0453 003 bekannten Sulfonimine und/oder bleichverstärkende Übergangsmetallsalze beziehungsweise Übergangsmetallkomplexe als sogenannte Bleichkatalysatoren enthalten sein.In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, the sulfonimines and / or bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes known from European patents EP 0 446 982 and EP 0453 003 can also be present as so-called bleaching catalysts.
Als in den Mitteln zusätzlich zur erfindungswesentlichen Amylase verwendbare Enzyme kommen solche aus der Klasse der Proteasen, Lipasen, Cutinasen, Pullulanasen, Hemicellulasen, Cellulasen, Oxidasen, Laccasen und Peroxidasen sowie deren Gemische in Frage. Gegebenenfalls können auch andere als die erfindungswesentliche Amylase zusätzlich zu dieser vorhanden sein. Besonders geeignet sind aus Pilzen oder Bakterien, wie Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus lentus, Streptomyces griseus, Humicola lanuginosa, Humicola insolens, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Pseudomonas cepacia oder Coprinus cinereus gewonnene enzymatische Wirkstoffe. Die erfindungswesentliche Amylase und die gegebenenfalls zusätzlich verwendeten Enzyme können, wie zum Beispiel in der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 564 476 oder in der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 94/23005 beschrieben, an Trägerstoffen adsorbiert und/oder in Hüllsubstanzen eingebettet sein, um sie gegen vorzeitige Inaktivierung zu schützen. Sie sind in den erfindungsgemäßen Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln vorzugsweise in Mengen bis zu 5 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,2 Gew.-% bis 4 Gew.-%, enthalten. Falls das erfindungsgemäße Mittel Protease enthält, weist es vorzugsweise eine proteolytische Aktivität im Bereich von etwa lOO PE/g bis etwa lO OOO PE/g, insbesondere 300 PE/g bis 8000 PE/g auf. Falls mehrere Enzyme in dem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel eingesetzt werden sollen, kann dies durch Einarbeitung der zwei oder mehreren separaten beziehungsweise in bekannter Weise separat konfektionierten Enzyme oder durch zwei oder mehrere gemeinsam in einem Granulat konfektionierte Enzyme, wie zum Beispiel aus den internationalen Patentanmeldungen WO 96/00772 oder WO 96/00773 bekannt, durchgeführt werden.Enzymes which can be used in the compositions in addition to the amylase essential to the invention are those from the class of proteases, lipases, cutinases, pullulanases, hemicellulases, cellulases, oxidases, laccases and peroxidases and mixtures thereof. If appropriate, amylase other than the essential to the invention may also be present in addition to this. Enzymes obtained from fungi or bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus lentus, Streptomyces griseus, Humicola lanuginosa, Humicola insolens, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Pseudomonas cepacia or Coprinus cinereus are particularly suitable. The Amylase essential to the invention and the optionally additionally used enzymes can, as described for example in European patent EP 0 564 476 or in international patent application WO 94/23005, be adsorbed on carriers and / or be embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature inactivation . They are contained in the washing or cleaning agents according to the invention preferably in amounts of up to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.2% by weight to 4% by weight. If the agent according to the invention contains protease, it preferably has a proteolytic activity in the range from about 100 PE / g to about 100 OOO PE / g, in particular 300 PE / g to 8000 PE / g. If several enzymes are to be used in the agent according to the invention, this can be done by incorporating the two or more separate or, in a known manner, separately assembled enzymes or by two or more enzymes assembled together in a granulate, as for example from international patent applications WO 96/00772 or WO 96/00773 known.
Zu den in den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln, insbesondere wenn sie in flüssiger oder pastöser Form vorliegen, neben Wasser verwendbaren organischen Lösungsmitteln gehören Alkohole mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen, insbesondere Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropanol und tert.-Butanol, Diole mit 2 bis 4 C-Atomen, insbesondere Ethylenglykol und Propylen- glykol. sowie deren Gemische und die aus den genannten Verbindungsklassen ableitbaren Ether. Derartige wassermischbare Lösungsmittel sind in den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln vorzugsweise in Mengen nicht über 30 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 6 Gew.-% bis 20 Gew.-%, vorhanden.The organic solvents which can be used in the agents according to the invention, in particular if they are in liquid or pasty form, in addition to water include alcohols with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol, diols with 2 to 4 carbon atoms -Atoms, especially ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. as well as their mixtures and the ethers derivable from the compound classes mentioned. Such water-miscible solvents are preferably present in the agents according to the invention in amounts not exceeding 30% by weight, in particular from 6% by weight to 20% by weight.
Zusätzlich können die Mittel weitere in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln übliche Bestandteile enthalten. Zu diesen fakultativen Bestandteilen gehören insbesondere Enzymstabilisatoren, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Farbübertragungsinhibitoren, Schauminhibitoren, und optische Aufheller sowie Färb- und Duftstoffe. Um einen Silberkorrosionsschutz zu bewirken, können in erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsmitteln für Geschirr Silberkorrosionsinhibitoren eingesetzt werden. Ein erfindungsgemäßes Reinigungsmittel für harte Oberflächen kann darüber hinaus abrasiv wirkende Bestandteile, insbesondere aus der Gruppe umfassend Quarzmehle, Holzmehle, Kunststoffmehle, Kreiden und Mikroglaskugeln sowie deren Gemische, enthalten. Abrasivstoffe sind in den erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsmitteln vorzugsweise nicht über 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 5 Gew.-% bis 15 Gew.-%, enthalten.In addition, the agents can contain further constituents customary in washing and cleaning agents. These optional components include, in particular, enzyme stabilizers, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors, foam inhibitors, and optical brighteners, and colorants and fragrances. In order to provide silver corrosion protection, silver corrosion inhibitors can be used in dishwashing detergents according to the invention. A cleaning agent according to the invention for hard surfaces can also contain abrasive components, in particular from the group comprising quartz flours, wood flours, plastic flours, chalks and micro-glass balls and mixtures thereof. Abrasives are preferably not contained in the cleaning agents according to the invention in excess of 20% by weight, in particular from 5% by weight to 15% by weight.
Zur Einstellung eines gewünschten, sich durch die Mischung der übrigen Komponenten nicht von selbst ergebenden pH- Werts können die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel System- und umweltverträgliche Säuren, insbesondere Citronensäure, Essigsäure, Weinsäure, Äpfelsäure, Milchsäure, Glykolsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure und/oder Adipinsäure, aber auch Mineralsäuren, insbesondere Schwefelsäure, oder Basen, insbesondere Ammoniumoder Alkalihydroxide, enthalten. Derartige pH-Regulatoren sind in den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln in Mengen von vorzugsweise nicht über 20 Gew.-%. insbesondere von 1,2 Gew.-% bis 17 Gew.-%, enthalten.To set a desired pH value which does not result from the mixture of the other components, the agents according to the invention can contain system and environmentally compatible acids, in particular citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid and / or adipic acid, but also contain mineral acids, especially sulfuric acid, or bases, especially ammonium or alkali hydroxides. Such pH regulators are in the agents according to the invention in amounts of preferably not more than 20% by weight. in particular from 1.2% by weight to 17% by weight.
Zu den für den Einsatz in erfindungsgemäßen Textilwaschmitteln in Frage kommenden Farbübertragungsinhibitoren gehören insbesondere Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polyvinyl- imidazole, polymere N-Oxide wie Poly-(vinylpyridin-N-oxid) und Copolymere von Vinylpyrrolidon mit Vinylimidazol.The color transfer inhibitors which are suitable for use in textile detergents according to the invention include, in particular, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyvinylimidazoles, polymeric N-oxides such as poly (vinylpyridine-N-oxide) and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with vinylimidazole.
Vergrauungsinhibitoren haben die Aufgabe, den von der Textilfaser abgelösten Schmutz in der Flotte suspendiert zu halten. Hierzu sind wasserlösliche Kolloide meist organischer Natur geeignet, beispielsweise Stärke, Leim. Gelatine, Salze von Ethercarbonsäuren oder Ethersulfonsäuren der Stärke oder der Cellulose oder Salze von sauren Schwefelsäureestern der Cellulose oder der Stärke. Auch wasserlösliche, saure Gruppen enthaltende Polyamide sind für diesen Zweck geeignet. Weiterhin lassen sich andere als die obengenannten Stärkederivate verwenden, zum Beispiel Aldehydstärken. Bevorzugt werden Celluloseether, wie Carboxymethylcellulose (Na-Salz), Methylcellulose, Hydroxyalkylcellulose und Mischether, wie Methylhydroxyethylcellulose, Methyl- hydroxypropylcellulose, Methylcarboxymethylcellulose und deren Gemische, beispielsweise in Mengen von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Mittel, eingesetzt.Graying inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the textile fibers suspended in the liquor. Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this, for example starch, glue. Gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch. Water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are also suitable for this purpose. Starch derivatives other than those mentioned above can also be used, for example aldehyde starches. Cellulose ethers, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium salt), methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose and mixed ethers, such as methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl carboxymethyl cellulose and mixtures thereof, for example in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the agent, are preferably used .
Erfindungsgemäße Textil Waschmittel können als optische Aufheller Derivate der Diaminostilbendisulfonsäure beziehungsweise deren Alkalimetallsalze enthalten. Geeignet sind zum Beispiel Salze der 4,4'-Bis(2-anilino-4-mo holino-l,3,5-triazinyl-6- amino)stilben-2,2'-disulfonsäure oder gleichartig aufgebaute Verbindungen, die anstelle der Morpholino-Gruppe eine Diethanolaminogruppe, eine Methylaminogruppe, eine Anilinogruppe oder eine 2-Methoxyethylaminogruppe tragen. Weiterhin können Aufheller vom Typ der substituierten Diphenylstyryle anwesend sein, zum Beispiel die Alkalisalze des 4,4'-Bis(2-sulfostyryl)-diphenyls, 4,4'-Bis(4-chlor-3-sulfostyryι)-di- phenyls, oder 4-(4-Chlorstyryl)-4'-(2-sulfostyryl)-diphenyls. Auch Gemische der vorgenannten optischen Aufheller können verwendet werden.Textile detergents according to the invention can contain derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or their alkali metal salts as optical brighteners. Suitable are, for example, salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-mo holino-l, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of the same structure which are used instead the morpholino group carry a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may also be present, for example the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryι) diphenyl, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned optical brighteners can also be used.
Insbesondere beim Einsatz in maschinellen Verfahren kann es von Vorteil sein, den Mitteln übliche Schauminhibitoren zuzusetzen. Als Schauminhibitoren eignen sich beispielsweise Seifen natürlicher oder synthetischer Herkunft, die einen hohen Anteil an Cι8-C24-Fettsäuren aufweisen. Geeignete nichttensidartige Schauminhibitoren sind beispielsweise Organopolysiloxane und deren Gemische mit mikrofeiner, gegebenenfalls silanierter Kieselsäure sowie Paraffine, Wachse. Mikrokristallinwachse und deren Gemische mit silanierter Kieselsäure oder Bisfettsäurealkylendiamiden. Mit Vorteilen werden auch Gemische aus verschiedenen Schauminhibitoren verwendet, zum Beispiel solche aus Silikonen, Paraffinen oder Wachsen. Vorzugsweise sind die Schauminhibitoren, insbesondere Silikon- und/oder Paraffin-haltige Schauminhibitoren, an eine granuläre, in Wasser lösliche beziehungsweise dispergierbare Trägersubstanz gebunden. Insbesondere sind dabei Mischungen aus Paraffinen und Bistearylethylendiamid bevorzugt.In particular when used in machine processes, it can be advantageous to add conventional foam inhibitors to the agents. Suitable foam inhibitors are, for example, soaps of natural or synthetic origin, which have a high proportion of C 8 -C 24 fatty acids. Suitable non-surfactant-like foam inhibitors are, for example, organopolysiloxanes and their mixtures with microfine, optionally silanized silica, and paraffins, waxes. Microcrystalline waxes and their mixtures with silanized silica or bis fatty acid alkyl diamides. Mixtures of different foam inhibitors are also used with advantages, for example those made of silicone, paraffins or waxes. The foam inhibitors, in particular silicone and / or paraffin-containing foam inhibitors, are preferably bound to a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance. Mixtures of paraffins and bistearylethylenediamide are particularly preferred.
Die Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer fester Mittel bietet keine Schwierigkeiten und kann auf bekannte Weise, zum Beispiel durch Sprühtrocknen oder Granulation, erfolgen, wobei die Enzyme und eventuelle weitere thermisch empfindliche Inhaltsstoffe wie zum Beispiel Bleichmittel gegebenenfalls später separat zugesetzt werden. Zur Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer Mittel mit erhöhtem Schüttgewicht, insbesondere im Bereich von 650 g/1 bis 950 g/1, ist ein aus der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 486 592 bekanntes, einen Extrusionschritt aufweisendes Verfahren bevorzugt. Eine weitere bevorzugte Herstellung mit Hilfe eines Granulationsverfahrens ist in der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 642 576 beschrieben.The preparation of solid agents according to the invention is not difficult and can be carried out in a known manner, for example by spray drying or granulation, the enzymes and any further thermally sensitive ingredients, such as bleaching agents, optionally being added separately later. For the production of agents according to the invention with increased bulk density, in particular in the range from 650 g / 1 to 950 g / 1, a process known from European patent EP 0 486 592 and having an extrusion step is preferred. A further preferred production using a granulation process is described in European patent EP 0 642 576.
Zur Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln in Tablettenform, die einphasig oder mehrphasig, einfarbig oder mehrfarbig und insbesondere aus einer Schicht oder aus mehreren, insbesondere aus zwei Schichten bestehen können, geht man vorzugsweise derart vor, daß man alle Bestandteile - gegebenenfalls je einer Schicht - in einem Mischer miteinander vermischt und das Gemisch mittels herkömmlicher Tablettenpressen, beispielsweise Exzenteφressen oder Rundläufeφressen, mit Preßkräften im Bereich von etwa 50 bis 100 kN, vorzugsweise bei 60 bis 70 kN veφreßt. Insbesondere bei mehrschichtigen Tabletten kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn mindestens eine Schicht vorveφreßt wird. Dies wird vorzugsweise bei Preßkräften zwischen 5 und 20 kN, insbesondere bei 10 bis 15 kN durchgeführt. Man erhält so problemlos bruchfeste und dennoch unter Anwendungsbedingungen ausreichend schnell lösliche Tabletten mit Bruch- und Biegefestigkeiten von normalerweise 100 bis 200 N, bevorzugt jedoch über 150 N. Vorzugsweise weist eine derart hergestellte Tablette ein Gewicht von 10 g bis 50 g, insbesondere von 15 g bis 40 g auf. Die Raumform der Tabletten ist beliebig und kann rund, oval oder eckig sein, wobei auch Zwischenformen möglich sind. Ecken und Kanten sind vorteilhafterweise abgerundet. Runde Tabletten weisen vorzugsweise einen Durchmesser von 30 mm bis 40 mm auf. Insbesondere die Größe von eckig oder quaderförmig gestalteten Tabletten, welche überwiegend über die Dosiervorrichtung beispielsweise der Geschirrspülmaschine eingebracht werden, ist abhängig von der Geometrie und dem Volumen dieser Dosiervorrichtung. Beispielhaft bevorzugte Ausführungsformen weisen eine Grundfläche von (20 bis 30 mm) x (34 bis 40 mm), insbesondere von 26x36 mm oder von 24x38 mm auf.For the production of agents according to the invention in tablet form which are single-phase or multi-phase, single-color or multi-color and in particular from one layer or from If there are several, especially two, layers, it is preferable to mix all the components - possibly one layer each - in a mixer and mix the mixture using conventional tablet presses, for example eccentric presses or rotary presses, with pressing forces in the range from about 50 to 100 kN, preferably at 60 to 70 kN. In the case of multi-layer tablets in particular, it can be advantageous if at least one layer is pre-pressed. This is preferably carried out at press forces between 5 and 20 kN, in particular at 10 to 15 kN. In this way, break-resistant tablets, which nevertheless dissolve sufficiently quickly under application conditions, are obtained with breaking and bending strengths of normally 100 to 200 N, but preferably over 150 N. A tablet produced in this way preferably has a weight of 10 g to 50 g, in particular 15 g up to 40 g. The shape of the tablets is arbitrary and can be round, oval or angular, intermediate forms are also possible. Corners and edges are advantageously rounded. Round tablets preferably have a diameter of 30 mm to 40 mm. In particular, the size of angular or cuboid tablets, which are mainly introduced via the metering device, for example the dishwasher, depends on the geometry and the volume of this metering device. Exemplary preferred embodiments have a base area of (20 to 30 mm) x (34 to 40 mm), in particular of 26x36 mm or of 24x38 mm.
Flüssige beziehungsweise pastöse erfindungsgemäße Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel in Form von übliche Lösungsmittel enthaltenden Lösungen werden in der Regel durch einfaches Mischen der Inhaltsstoffe, die in Substanz oder als Lösung in einen automatischen Mischer gegeben werden können, hergestellt. Liquid or pasty washing or cleaning agents according to the invention in the form of solutions containing customary solvents are generally produced by simply mixing the ingredients, which can be added in bulk or as a solution to an automatic mixer.
BeispieleExamples
Beispiel 1example 1
Zur Bestimmung des Waschvermögens wurden mit standardisierten Testanschmutzungen verunreinigte Baumwollgewebe bei 40°C (Waschmitteldosierung 76 g; Wasserhärte 16 °d; Beladung 3,5 kg, Kurzprogramm) in einer Haushaltswaschmaschine (Miele® W 701) gewaschen. Dabei kam ein Waschmittel VI, das 0,25 Gew.-% nicht erfindungsgemäßes Amylasegranulat (Termamyl® 60T) und 0,25 Gew.-% eines Proteasegranulats (Aktivität 200 000 PE/g) mit der Bacillus lentus-Protease sowie 4 Gew.-% 1,12-Diperdodecandisäure enthielt, ein Waschmittel V2, das ansonsten gleich zusammengesetzt war, aber statt Termamyl® die proteingleiche Menge der gentechnisch veränderten Amylase Duramyl® enthielt, ein ansonsten wie VI zusammengesetztes Waschmittel V3, das statt Termamyl® die proteingleiche Menge der gentechnisch veränderten Amylase Purafect® OxAm enthielt, ein ansonsten wie VI zusammengesetztes Waschmittel V4, das statt Termamyl® die proteingleiche Menge der Pilzamylase Fungamyl® enthielt, ein erfindungsgemäßes Waschmittel Ml, das ansonsten wie VI zusammengesetzt war, aber statt Termamyl® die proteingleiche Menge der Amylase aus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens enthielt, und ein erfindungsgemäßes Waschmittel M2, das ansonsten wie Ml zusammengesetzt war, aber statt 1,12- Diperdodecandisäure die gleiche Menge an Phthalimidopercapronsäure enthielt, zum Einsatz.To determine the washing ability, cotton fabrics soiled with standardized test soiling were washed at 40 ° C (detergent dosage 76 g; water hardness 16 ° d; load 3.5 kg, short program) in a household washing machine (Miele® W 701). Here came a detergent VI containing 0.25% by weight of amylase granules not according to the invention (Termamyl® 60T) and 0.25% by weight of protease granules (activity 200,000 PE / g) with the Bacillus lentus protease and 4% by weight. -% 1,12-Diperdodecanedioic acid contained a detergent V2, which was otherwise of the same composition, but instead of Termamyl® contained the protein-identical amount of the genetically modified amylase Duramyl®, an otherwise detergent V3 composed of VI, which instead of Termamyl® the protein-identical amount of genetically modified amylase Purafect® OxAm, a detergent V4 otherwise composed like VI, which instead of Termamyl® contained the same amount of fungus amylase Fungamyl®, an inventive detergent Ml, which was otherwise composed like VI, but instead of Termamyl® the same amount of amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and an inventive detergent M2, which was otherwise composed like Ml, but st att 1,12-diperdodecanedioic acid contained the same amount of phthalimidopercaproic acid.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel wiesen eine den eine andere Amylase enthaltenden Mitteln deutlich überlegene Waschleistung auf. Im wesentlichen gleiches gilt, wenn man in den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln die Persäure durch ein konventionelles Bleichsystem aus Perborat/T AED ersetzte.The agents according to the invention had a washing performance which was clearly superior to the agents containing another amylase. Essentially the same applies if the peracid in the agents according to the invention is replaced by a conventional bleaching system made from perborate / T AED.
Beispiel 2Example 2
Reinigungsmittel (V5 bzw. V6) für die maschinelle Reinigung von Geschirr, enthaltend 55 Gew.-% Natriumtripolyphosphat (berechnet als wasserfrei), 4 Gew.-% amoφhes Natriumdisilikat (berechnet als wasserfrei), 22 Gew.-% Natriumcarbonat, 11 Gew.-% Phthalimidopercapronsäure, 2 Gew.-% nichtionisches Tensid sowie 1 Gew.-% bzw. 2 Gew. -% Amylase-Granulat (Termamyl® 60T) und l,4 Gew.-% eines Protease- granulats (Aktivität 200 000 PE/g) mit der Bacillus lentus-Protease (Rest auf 100 Gew.-% Wasser, Parfüm und Farbstoff), Mittel (V7 bzw. V8), die ansonsten wie V5 bzw. V6 zusammengesetzt waren, aber statt Termamyl® proteingleiche Mengen an Duramyl® enthielten, sowie Mittel gemäß der Erfindung (M3 bzw. M4), die ansonsten wie V5 bzw. V6 zusammengesetzt waren, aber statt Termamyl® proteingleiche Mengen an Amylase aus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens enthielten, wurden wie nachfolgend angegeben getestet:Detergent (V5 or V6) for the mechanical cleaning of dishes, containing 55% by weight sodium tripolyphosphate (calculated as anhydrous), 4% by weight amorphous sodium disilicate (calculated as anhydrous), 22% by weight sodium carbonate, 11% by weight. -% Phthalimidopercaproic acid, 2% by weight non-ionic surfactant and 1% by weight or 2% by weight amylase granules (Termamyl® 60T) and 1.4% by weight of a protease granulate (activity 200,000 PU / g) with the Bacillus lentus protease (remainder to 100% by weight of water, perfume and dye), agents (V7 or V8) which were otherwise composed like V5 or V6, but contained identical amounts of Duramyl® instead of Termamyl®, and agents according to the invention (M3 or M4) which were otherwise composed like V5 or V6, but instead of Termamyl®, contained protein-identical amounts of amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were tested as follows:
In einer Geschirrspülmaschine Miele® G 575 (Dosierungen von jeweils 20 g des zu testenden Mittels im Universalprogramm, Wasserhärte 14-16 °dH, Betriebstemperatur 55 °C) wurden jeweils 6 mit standardisierten Stärkeanschmutzungen oder bleichbaren Anschmutzungen versehene Teller gespült und der verbleibene Rückstand der Anschmutzung gravimetrisch bestimmt und in Relation zum Ausgangswert vor dem Spülen (=100 %) gesetzt. Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel waren den nicht erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln in der Reinigungsleistung signifikant überlegen. Im wesentlichen gleiches gilt, wenn man in den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln die Persäure durch ein konventionelles Bleichsystem aus Perborat/T AED ersetzte. 6 plates with standardized starch stains or bleachable stains were washed in a Miele® G 575 dishwasher (doses of 20 g each of the agent to be tested in the universal program, water hardness 14-16 ° dH, operating temperature 55 ° C) and the remaining residue of the stains determined gravimetrically and in relation to the initial value before rinsing (= 100%). The agents according to the invention were significantly superior to the agents not according to the invention in terms of cleaning performance. Essentially the same applies if the peracid in the agents according to the invention is replaced by a conventional bleaching system made from perborate / T AED.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Amylasehaltiges Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es α- Amylase aus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens und eine Percarbonsäure neben üblichen mit derartigen Bestandteilen verträglichen Inhaltsstoffen enthält.1. Amylase-containing washing or cleaning agent, characterized in that it contains α-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a percarboxylic acid in addition to the usual ingredients compatible with such constituents.
2. Mittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Amylase in Mengen von 0,001 mg bis 0,5 mg, insbesondere 0,02 mg bis 0,3 mg pro Gramm des gesamten Mittels enthält.2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains amylase in amounts of 0.001 mg to 0.5 mg, in particular 0.02 mg to 0.3 mg, per gram of the total composition.
3. Mittel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es 0,5 Gew.-% bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 Gew.-% bis 15 Gew.-%, Percarbonsäure enthält.3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains 0.5 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, in particular 1 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%, percarboxylic acid.
4. Mittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Percarbonsäure eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I,4. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the percarboxylic acid is a compound of general formula I,
HOOOC-(CH2)r,-COOOH (I) in der n eine Zahl von 8 bis 20, insbesondere 10 bis 14 bedeutet, ist.HOOOC- (CH 2 ) r , -COOOH (I) in which n is a number from 8 to 20, in particular 10 to 14.
5. Mittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Percarbonsäure eine Amidoalkyl-, insbesondere Phthalimidoalkyl-percarbonsäure ist5. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the percarboxylic acid is an amidoalkyl, in particular phthalimidoalkyl percarboxylic acid
6. Mittel nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Percarbonsäure Phthalimidopercapronsäure ist.6. Composition according to claim 5, characterized in that the percarboxylic acid is phthalimidopercaproic acid.
7. Waschmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es 5 Gew.-% bis 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 8 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-% Tensid enthält.7. Detergent according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it contains 5 wt .-% to 50 wt .-%, in particular from 8 wt .-% to 30 wt .-% surfactant.
8. Mittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 zur Reinigung harter Oberflächen, insbesondere zur maschinellen Reinigung von Geschirr, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es bis zu 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,5 Gew.-% bis 3 Gew.-% Tensid enthält.8. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 6 for cleaning hard surfaces, in particular for machine cleaning of dishes, characterized in that it is up to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 wt .-% to 3 wt .-% surfactant contains.
9. Verwendung einer Kombination aus α-Amylase aus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens und Percarbonsäure zur Erhöhung der Reinigungsleistung von Wasch- und Reinigungs- mittein bei deren Anwendung in insbesondere wäßrigen Wasch- und Reinigungslösungen.9. Use of a combination of α-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and percarboxylic acid to increase the cleaning performance of washing and cleaning in the middle when they are used in particularly aqueous washing and cleaning solutions.
10. Verwendung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reinigungsleistung gegenüber stärkehaltigen und/oder gefärbten Anschmutzungen erhöht wird. 10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that the cleaning performance compared to starchy and / or colored stains is increased.
PCT/EP1999/003567 1998-06-03 1999-05-25 Detergents containing amylase and percarboxylic acid WO1999063037A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000552234A JP2002517552A (en) 1998-06-03 1999-05-25 Detergent containing amylase and percarboxylic acid
PL99344481A PL344481A1 (en) 1998-06-03 1999-05-25 Detergents containing amylase and percarboxylic acid
HU0102247A HUP0102247A2 (en) 1998-06-03 1999-05-25 Detergent composition containing amylase and percarboxylic acid and use of the active ingredient cobination
EP99926387A EP1084220A1 (en) 1998-06-03 1999-05-25 Detergents containing amylase and percarboxylic acid

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19824707.9 1998-06-03
DE19824707A DE19824707A1 (en) 1998-06-03 1998-06-03 Detergents and cleaning agents containing amylase and percarboxylic acid

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JP (1) JP2002517552A (en)
DE (1) DE19824707A1 (en)
HU (1) HUP0102247A2 (en)
PL (1) PL344481A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1999063037A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007054203A2 (en) 2005-11-08 2007-05-18 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Enzyme/substrate system for generating hydrogen peroxide containing sorbitol oxidase consisting of streptomyces c0elic0l0r and sorbitol
US7803604B2 (en) 2000-07-28 2010-09-28 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Amylolytic enzyme extracted from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and washing and cleaning agents containing this novel amylolytic enzyme
US7888104B2 (en) 2000-11-28 2011-02-15 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase), obtained from<I>Bacillus agaradherens<λ>(DSM 9948) and detergents and cleaning agents containing said novel cyclodextrin glucanotransferase
US8080401B2 (en) 2004-10-01 2011-12-20 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Alpha-amylase variants having an elevated solvent stability, method for the production thereof and detergents and cleansers containing these alpha-amylase variants
US8785365B2 (en) 2004-10-01 2014-07-22 Basf Se Alpha-amylase variants stabilized against dimerization and/or multimerization, method for the production thereof, and detergents and cleansers containing these alpha-amylase variants

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GB2179053A (en) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-25 Unilever Plc Heavy-duty detergent gel compositions
EP0684304A2 (en) * 1994-05-25 1995-11-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning compositions containing bleach and stability-enhanced amylase enzymes
US5741767A (en) * 1995-11-16 1998-04-21 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Peracid based dishwashing detergent composition
EP0851025A2 (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-01 Unilever N.V. Machine dishwashing tablets containing an oxygen bleach system

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GB2179053A (en) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-25 Unilever Plc Heavy-duty detergent gel compositions
EP0684304A2 (en) * 1994-05-25 1995-11-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning compositions containing bleach and stability-enhanced amylase enzymes
US5741767A (en) * 1995-11-16 1998-04-21 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Peracid based dishwashing detergent composition
EP0851025A2 (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-01 Unilever N.V. Machine dishwashing tablets containing an oxygen bleach system

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7803604B2 (en) 2000-07-28 2010-09-28 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Amylolytic enzyme extracted from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and washing and cleaning agents containing this novel amylolytic enzyme
US7888104B2 (en) 2000-11-28 2011-02-15 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase), obtained from<I>Bacillus agaradherens<λ>(DSM 9948) and detergents and cleaning agents containing said novel cyclodextrin glucanotransferase
US8080401B2 (en) 2004-10-01 2011-12-20 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Alpha-amylase variants having an elevated solvent stability, method for the production thereof and detergents and cleansers containing these alpha-amylase variants
US8785365B2 (en) 2004-10-01 2014-07-22 Basf Se Alpha-amylase variants stabilized against dimerization and/or multimerization, method for the production thereof, and detergents and cleansers containing these alpha-amylase variants
US9353361B2 (en) 2004-10-01 2016-05-31 Basf Se Alpha-amylase variants stabilized against dimerization and/or multimerization, method for the production thereof, and detergents and cleansers containing these alpha-amylase variants
DE102004047776B4 (en) 2004-10-01 2018-05-09 Basf Se Stabilized against di- and / or multimerization alpha-amylase variants, processes for their preparation and their use
DE102004047777B4 (en) 2004-10-01 2018-05-09 Basf Se Alpha-amylase variants with increased solvent stability, process for their preparation and their use
WO2007054203A2 (en) 2005-11-08 2007-05-18 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Enzyme/substrate system for generating hydrogen peroxide containing sorbitol oxidase consisting of streptomyces c0elic0l0r and sorbitol

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUP0102247A2 (en) 2001-10-28
JP2002517552A (en) 2002-06-18
EP1084220A1 (en) 2001-03-21
DE19824707A1 (en) 1999-12-09
PL344481A1 (en) 2001-11-05

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