Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
  • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
  • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/70—Door leaves
  • E06B3/7015—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
  • E06B2003/7036—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels of plaster

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method in the manufacturing of a door arrangement, particularly a door leaf, a door frame or a dressing of a door, with fire protection function, and to the door arrangement itself. Furthermore it refers to the use of a silicate suspension as fire pro- tectection means in a door arrangement of said kind.
• a general method in the manufacturing of a fire proof door comprises the cutting of panels made of gypsum or silicate into appropriate dimensions, whereby also openings are made for possible locks or the like.
• the panels are laid in place and may be fixed against the respective door sheet by an adhesive.
• An insulation material e.g. mineral wool, may be applied to the gypsum panels for instance by adhesively securing, whereafter the door leaf is assembled.
• Each gypsum panel that covers a door sheet is about 6-12 mm thick and contains about 18-20 percent by weight tightly bound water.
• the German patent publication DE 36 03 705 (WOLFGANG ARHEILIGER) relates to a fire protection door with panels and spacers of asbestos-free silicate fibre (also called fibre calcium silicate) with a water content of not more than 10%.
• the spacers are arranged in pairs in such a way that spaces are formed between these and the panels.
• the spaces contain air or are filled with some other heat resistant and insulating material.
• the German patent publication DE 38 07 833 (PAUL SCH ITZ GMBH) relates to a sound-insulated steel door containing damping panels on the inside of the door sheets.
• the panels are of fibre silicate material and have also a fire 2 protecting effect.
• Mineral wool is applied in the door as a filling material.
• the silicate masses need a relatively long hardening or drying time.
• the panels are intermediate stored in this respect at least a few days.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a fire protecting door arrangement of relatively low weight and to a low cost.
• a method according to which a 3 first and a second door sheet, each door sheet having a first and a second surface, are provided.
• a fire protecting mainly homogeneous silicate suspension with hardener is applied to at least the first surface of the first door sheet.
• the silicate suspension ought to comprise a silicate of an alkali metal and a filler, preferably manufactured according to a method where the filler is treated with an acid in a slurry, whereafter this is mixed with an aqueous solution containing a alkali metal silicate.
• the method is further described in the European patent application EP 0 507 368 (THORS KEMISKE FABRIKKER A/S) .
• a filling complement material such as for instance the insulation material mineral wool, is applied to said silicate suspension, whereafter the door leaf is assembled, i.e. the first and second door sheets are mounted with the first surface of the respective door sheet facing each other. Finally, the fire protecting mainly homogeneous silicate suspension is allowed to harden and give off part of its loosely bound water.
• the fire protecting mainly homogeneous silicate suspension is preferably applied in a relatively large amount, particularly at least 1-2 kg per square meter door sheet.
• the silicate suspen- sion may also be applied to the first surface of the second door sheet.
• Conventional glue may be applied to further increase the adhesion in the door leaf.
• a problem of such an inventive door leaf, particularly in environments with large temperature gradients, may be that the silicate suspension gives off so large amounts of water that the door leaf leaks out water. It is therefore preferable to locate an absorbent means in the door leaf for absorption of the water that is given off from the fire protecting mainly homogeneous silicate suspension.
• the absorbent means is drying during a very long period of 4 time.
• the door leaf may be held at a higher temperature during assembly.
• a preferable temperature is hereby about 50-70° Celsius. The temperature should be high enough to yield a fast evaporation but at the same time low enough to prevent the tightly bound water (that constitutes the real fire protection) to vanish. It is also possible to blow, particularly with compressed air, through the door leaf and hereby remove further water.
• the above described method is utilized in a corresponding way in the manufacturing of a door frame and a dressing of a door with fire protecting properties.
• the advantages of the present invention comprise a simpler and cheaper manufacturing process and flexibility in placement of the fire protecting material.
• Yet another advantage of the invention is that the mainly homogeneous silicate suspension is non-polluting and allows for a non-polluting manufacturing process. It serves also as a sound-absorbing material.
• the door leaf is lighter (about 10-20 kg lighter for a door with a 60 minutes classed fire protection) , which implies another, more advantageous, dimensioning of hinges and cheaper transports.
• the weight of the door leaf is certainly affected by the choice of thickness of the sheet metal and amount of applied silicate suspension.
• Figure 1 shows a fire protecting door leaf in two views according to the present invention.
• Figure 2 shows a cross-section of said inventive door leaf along the line A-A in Figure 1.
• Figure 3 shows part of said cross-section in larger scale.
• FIG. 1 an inventive door leaf is shown comprising door sheets 1 made of steel sheet. They may be bent along the sides so that they more easily may be assembled to the finished door leaf.
• a silicate mass or a silicate suspension 2 is mixed with a hardener (accelerator) and is applied to the door sheets 1 through an orifice in relatively large amount, particularly about 10 times more than with conventional gluing, which implies about 1-6 kg for a door leaf in a standard size (about 1-3 kg/m 2 ) . Applied amount is related to the fire protection desired and the other parameters of the door.
• the silicate suspension which is also referred to as a silicate-based binder, and comprises alkali metal silicate and filler, is object to a separate patent application, see EP 0 507 368, which publication is hereby included as a reference. The binder is further described below in this description.
• the hardener or accelerator that may contain about 30-60% esters, is applied preferably in small amounts, particularly about 2-5% of the amount 6 of silicate suspension. To achieve a satisfactory fire protection a two-component mass is probably necessary. Examples of products comprising such a silicate suspension and hardener are Thorsil 7104TM and Thorsil K67-PTM manu- factured by EKA CHEMICALS.
• the applying is performed in flowing form so that parts of or the complete surface is covered by a couple of millimeters thick layer of silicate suspension. This applying is very flexible and if a better fire protection is desired locally, a thicker layer of suspension is applied there.
• a filling material 3 is then applied, which preferably is constituted by an insulation material such as mineral wool, a spacer or the like, whereafter the door sheets 1 are mounted together to form a door leaf.
• the door sheets are screwed or welded together. They may alternatively be mounted on a frame of, for instance, bent or rolled steel sheet.
• the door sheets may also be integral with each other from the beginning, i.e. constitute part of solely one sheet.
• a fire proof door made of wood may be manufactured accord- ing to the invention in a corresponding way.
• the door sheets are manufactured in wood or in some laminate material and the filling material may be constituted preferably of fibreboard.
• a traditional water glass consists of about 35% of a mixture of Na 2 0 and Si0 2 , commonly in the relationship 1:3,4, and the rest is water. This implies that such a water glass may give off all its water at room tempera- 7 ture. In practice there remains a lesser part tightly bound water, about 5%, that vanishes first at higher temperatures.
• the portion tightly bound water is approximately 20-25% and the portion free water is of the same size.
• the rest is dry substance.
• Tightly bound water means water that vanishes at a higher temperature, parti- cularly at about 100-110°C, and loosely bound (or free) water means water that vanishes during the time at room temperature.
• the silicate suspension may be manufactured according to the following.
• a filler is treated with an acid in a slurry, whereafter the slurry is mixed with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate to a mainly homogeneous suspension.
• the acid is preferably an aqueous soluble organic acid.
• the filler that ought to be relatively stable in an acid environment and mainly stable in an alkali metal silicate solution, may be constituted of particles of kaolin, feldspar, pearlite, titanium dioxide, aluminium trihydrate, muscovite, talc or the like with a preferable diameter less than about 100 ⁇ m.
• the filler is applied in an amount corresponding to 4-80 percent by weight of the alkali metal silicate.
• the alkali metal silicate is a mixture of M 2 0, where M is sodium, potassium or a mixture thereof, and Si0 2 in a relationship of 1 to about 2-4.
• the suspension manufactured in this manner is constituted by a substantially stable mass that does not stratify. It is highly viscous (about 20000 centipois) and has a relatively good adhesion capability on certain kinds of sheet material, for instance zincified sheet material. 8
• the silicate suspension described is not as sensitive to moisture as a traditional water glass and it does not give off as much water.
• the silicate suspension is not commonly applied to the upbent edges of the sheets, but it may so be done.
• Conventional adhesive may also be applied to further increase the adhesion capability.
• the fire protection agent may furthermore be applied in a door frame and a dressing of a door, see below.
• the first solution comprises that an absorber means 4 is applied in a door leaf and this absorbs the amount of water given off from the silicate suspension, so that the door leaf does not leak.
• the absorber means which preferably is applied in thin light layers, may absorb up to 100-200 times its own weight and dries over very long time.
• the other solution comprises removing of the water (as far as possible) during manufacturing of the door leaf. This is performed by holding the door leaf during mounting at a temperature of 50-70° Celsius, whereby partly the mass hardens faster, partly the free water evaporates.
• the term door leaf is considered to include also gates and shutters.
• the door leaf may be a square-edge door or a rabbeted door leaf.
• the invention is applicable on other parts comprised in a door arrangement.
• the silicate mass may be applied to a door frame, to its door frame side and/or to its door frame head.
• the frame may be a single or a double chamfer frame or a special door frame.
• the silicate suspension may be applied to a dressing of a door.
• the present invention solves the problems associated with known art by utilizing the prin- ciple of using a liquid material, particularly a silicate suspension, for direct application to door sheets, to door frames and to door dressings, for fire protection function or fire protection function and adhesion function. It is obviously not limited to the embodiments described above and shown on the drawings, but may be modified within a scope of the appended claims.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Special Wing (AREA)
• Refrigerator Housings (AREA)

Priority Applications (8)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (3)

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Citations (3)

• 1998
  • 1998-05-08 SE SE9801654A patent/SE513478C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1999
  • 1999-05-06 PL PL99343885A patent/PL343885A1/xx unknown
  • 1999-05-06 EP EP99950357A patent/EP1076753B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-05-06 AU AU43057/99A patent/AU4305799A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-05-06 EE EEP200000655A patent/EE04727B1/et unknown
  • 1999-05-06 RU RU2000128114/03A patent/RU2232241C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-05-06 AT AT99950357T patent/ATE284477T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-05-06 DE DE69922502T patent/DE69922502T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-05-06 WO PCT/SE1999/000763 patent/WO1999058804A1/en active IP Right Grant
• 2000
  • 2000-11-06 NO NO20005601A patent/NO314316B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (3)

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