WO1999056923A1 - Moulded elements made of hard coconut shell granulate and method for producing same - Google Patents

Moulded elements made of hard coconut shell granulate and method for producing same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999056923A1
WO1999056923A1 PCT/EP1999/002935 EP9902935W WO9956923A1 WO 1999056923 A1 WO1999056923 A1 WO 1999056923A1 EP 9902935 W EP9902935 W EP 9902935W WO 9956923 A1 WO9956923 A1 WO 9956923A1
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Prior art keywords
binder
granules
coconut
hard
produced
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PCT/EP1999/002935
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rüdiger MENGE
Original Assignee
Rudolph, Norbert-W.
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Publication date
Application filed by Rudolph, Norbert-W. filed Critical Rudolph, Norbert-W.
Priority to AU38254/99A priority Critical patent/AU3825499A/en
Publication of WO1999056923A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999056923A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/02—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from particles

Definitions

  • Molded elements made from coconut hard shell granules and process for their
  • the invention relates to molded elements and processes for their production, which are based on a novel starting material, namely granules made from hard coconut shells.
  • Shaped elements in the sense of the invention are primarily plate-shaped moldings, preferably for building purposes, the production of furniture or the like, which essentially correspond to hardboard or chipboard, but also other moldings in general, in which the special properties resulting from the coconut Hard shell granules produced surfaces.
  • Conventional hardboard or chipboard is designed for certain purposes by chemical additives, that is, made more resistant to mechanical stress, water-resistant and the like.
  • coconut fibers are used for various purposes, the leaves and stems of the coconut palm as well as the coconut meat from which Copra and the like are made.
  • the hard shells usually only represent waste and must be disposed of. Even in the production of activated carbon, the hard shell is only partially used. Although it is known to use portions of coconut shells ground to powder in plate processing, this is done primarily to support the binder, but does not produce molded parts made from hard coconut shells.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing molded parts made from hard coconut shells and a process for their production so that the hard coconut shells which are usually produced as waste can be used, and the molded parts, in particular plates, produced therefrom are lightweight have high mechanical strength and high water resistance and, moreover, panels which can be used excellently in the construction sector can be produced with little economic outlay.
  • the invention proposes a method for producing molded elements, wherein a granulate made of coconut hard shells with an activatable binder without Cold adhesive properties are mixed, shaped and, after activation of the binder, is finally shaped by pressing.
  • the method can be used to produce a molded element from coconut hard shell granulate, preferably in plate form, which, according to an advantageous proposal of the invention, has a bulk density of approximately 600 g / dm 3 .
  • molded elements manufactured in this way in particular panels, over chipboard or hardboard used as construction panels is the fact that the panels are very hard compared to the comparatively low weight, and in particular their resistance to water, chemicals and the like.
  • the panels can be sawed, but have a strength that even allows threads to be cut into the panels.
  • granules are made from small-grain coconut hard shells, ie edge lengths between 0.1 and 2 mm. Edge lengths of 0.8 to 1.6 mm are preferably used. Such granules are advantageously produced by grinding, but alternative methods such as shredding, crushing by pressure and the like can also be used. When using a binder content of around 10%, preferably less than 10%, the plate produced has a bulk density of 600 g / dm 3 +/- 20 g / dm 3 .
  • fibrous natural materials preferably fibers of the outer coconut shell
  • fibrous natural materials can be added to the granules made from coconut hard shells. This makes sense in terms of production technology, since raw material procurement is concentrated.
  • a crosslinkable plastic is used as the binder, preferably a polyurethane binder.
  • appropriate additives can be used, for example borates or the like, for example to have a fire-retardant, decay-inhibiting and the like.
  • the hard coconut shells In contrast to wood shavings and comparable materials or simple fibers, the hard coconut shells have a residual moisture that is favorable for further processing, which is around 14%, while they only have a little moisture soak up. For this reason, a special procedural problem is the so-called gluing, since the individual granules have to be embedded in an activatable glue or binder.
  • the binder has no cold glue properties, so that the granules can still be processed as granules.
  • the gluing takes place, for example, by spraying, pressure spraying, centrifugal atomization or comparable gluing processes.
  • the glued granules are first preformed, that is, for example, poured onto a plate-forming station, and then, after activation of the binder, are pressed and finally shaped, for example by heat, radiation or the like.
  • the activation can e.g. B. in so-called cold-compressible binders by applying a corresponding activation pressure or the like. For this reason, a pourable mass of granulate and dry binder can also be mixed and shaped.
  • Binder activation can be carried out, for example, by passing steam through the preformed layer, from which a plate is later produced by pressing during or after the activation of the binder.
  • the invention thus represents an overall industrial concept for the production of novel molded parts, in particular sheets. It begins with the procurement of raw materials in the form of hard coconut shells, optionally with a coconut fiber shell shell. The hard shells are then processed into granules using suitable processes. These granules are provided with a binder and molded directly afterwards and after storage and / or transport in molding stations in order to be pressed and finally shaped after the binder activation.
  • Pre-classification is preferably carried out during the production of the granulate, ie excessively large granulate parts are fed to further comminution, the granulate itself is divided into different fractions.
  • the fractionation can also take place at a later point in time, for example when the granules mixed with binder are discharged onto the molding station.
  • Corresponding roller screens and the like are suitable for controlling the arrangement of granule parts of different sizes on different layers of the plate.
  • the granulate can be stored, transported and traded as an intermediate product before or after gluing. In contrast to conventional plates, this enables the local separation of process steps and / or the integration of process steps in logistics. In the country of origin, for example, granules can be produced from hard coconut shells and glued during shipping.
  • the special board manufacturing processes correspond to the usual manufacturing processes for the production of chipboard.
  • the coconut hard-shell granules practically do not swell, the plates can also be used in the moisture range if appropriate binders are used.
  • the coconut shell granules have a much lower level of flammability than comparable wood chips. The strength and wear and tear of the boards produced using the new process far exceed that of conventional particle boards.
  • the plates After the plates have been manufactured, they can be further processed as required. For example, the surfaces can be ground, coated or the like. The plates are finally assembled and sent for further processing.
  • the panels also provide original and novel surfaces, so that they are suitable for direct use in the furniture sector.
  • the invention closes a gap between completely different molded part systems and provides completely new molded parts.
  • Wood fibers, mineral fibers, cellulose fibers and the like have surfaces and absorbent properties, so that they can easily be joined to form uniform parts with binders.
  • Such masses can be cast into plates, for example, in a continuous process on large plants.
  • Such panels can be made into composite tiles and the like, for example.
  • the present invention now relates to a material which advantageously combines properties from both systems.
  • the coconut hard shell material is only slight, but at least not very absorbent and the surfaces are good for binder wetting.
  • the results are molded parts with the advantageous properties of both systems mentioned above. If the surface properties are not sufficient for the desired binder system, surface pretreatments can also take place in which the surfaces are broken open or the properties of the material are changed at least in the surface area.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart-like representation of a process flow in the production of molded parts according to the invention.
  • the illustration is roughly schematic and only one possible embodiment for the production of molded parts is to be explained. It is assumed that the coconut hard shells (not shown) are available as a raw material quantity. The hard shells are crushed in a mill 1 and the granules of the desired size are stored in a storage bunker 2. These processes can already be carried out separately. For example, it is conceivable to have the shredding carried out in the country of origin or on the transport routes. The storage preferably takes place where the gluing is then carried out, which is preferably carried out in a so-called gluing device 3. Glueing is to be understood as the wetting of the granulate surfaces with the appropriate binder. Without activation, the binder has no adhesive properties, so it must be activated by heat, radiation, pressure, a combination thereof or similar influences.
  • the glue / granulate mixture is in turn temporarily stored and / or transported.
  • the element is prepared in the mold preparation 4 by targeted application of glued granules, then pressed in a press 5 and finally brought to final dimensions in a final forming station 6, optionally also assembled.

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to provide moulded pieces made of hard coconut shells and a method for producing same, which is such that the hard coconut shells which usually constitute a waste product can be utilized, that the moulded pieces, especially plates, produced in this way for a low weight present high mechanical strength and high water-resistance, and that plates, which in particular are extremely well suited for use in the building industry, can be produced at low cost. To this end the invention provides for a method for producing moulded elements according to which a granulate of hard coconut shells is mixed with an activable binder without cold-adhesive properties, moulded and given its final shape by pressing after activation of the binder.

Description

Formelemente aus Kokosnuß-Hartschalen-Granulat und Verfahren zu deren Molded elements made from coconut hard shell granules and process for their
HerstellungManufacturing
Die Erfindung betrifft Formelemente und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung, die auf einem neuartigen Ausgangsstoff basieren, nämlich einem Granulat aus Kokosnuß- Hartschalen.The invention relates to molded elements and processes for their production, which are based on a novel starting material, namely granules made from hard coconut shells.
Auch der ergänzende Einsatz anderer Hartnußschalen fällt in den Bereich der Erfindung.The additional use of other hard nut shells also falls within the scope of the invention.
Formelemente im Sinne der Erfindung sind in erster Linie plattenförmige Formteile, vorzugsweise für Bauzwecke, die Herstellung von Möbeln oder dergleichen, wie sie im wesentlichen Hartfaserplatten oder Spanplatten entsprechen, aber auch andere Formteile im allgemeinen, bei denen die besonderen Eigenschaften der sich aus den Kokosnuß-Hartschalen-Granulaten hergestellten Oberflächen ergeben.Shaped elements in the sense of the invention are primarily plate-shaped moldings, preferably for building purposes, the production of furniture or the like, which essentially correspond to hardboard or chipboard, but also other moldings in general, in which the special properties resulting from the coconut Hard shell granules produced surfaces.
Es ist allgemein bekannt, beispielsweise bei der bereits genannten Herstellung von Hartfaserplatten, Spanplatten oder dergleichen, zerkleinerte Naturrohstoffe mit entsprechenden Bindern zu Platten oder entsprechenden Formteiien auszuformen. Dabei werden in erster Linie faserige Ausgangsstoffe, also Holzchips, Mineralwolle, Steinwolle, Zelluose-Fasem und dergleichen verwendet, die über die Fläche einen entsprechenden Verbund ergeben und durch ihre Fähigkeit zur Feuchteaufnahme mit dem Binder eine entsprechende Verbindung eingehen. Es wurde auch schon vorgeschlagen, Kokosfasern zu verwenden, wobei es sich jedoch um die Holzschnipsel von Kokospalmen handelt. Es wurde auch bereits vorgeschlagen, Kokosnußschalen zu pulverisieren und entsprechenden Gemengen beizumischen, da zum einen die Platten wasserresistenter werden, zum anderen die Beimengung ein Schrumpfen des Binders verhindert. Es wurde auch bereits vorgeschlagen, die Fasern der Kokosnußschalen zu verwenden, also die außerhalb der Hartschale befindlichen Faserschichten.It is generally known, for example in the production of hardboard, particle board or the like mentioned above, to form comminuted natural raw materials with appropriate binders to form sheets or corresponding molded parts. Primarily, fibrous raw materials, that is to say wood chips, mineral wool, rock wool, cellulose fibers and the like, are used, which form a corresponding bond over the surface and form a corresponding connection with the binder due to their ability to absorb moisture. It has also been suggested to use coconut fiber, which is however, is the wood chips from coconut palms. It has also already been proposed to pulverize coconut shells and to add appropriate mixtures, since on the one hand the plates become more water-resistant and on the other hand the addition prevents the binder from shrinking. It has also already been proposed to use the fibers of the coconut shells, that is to say the fiber layers located outside the hard shell.
Herkömmliche Hartfaser- oder Spanplatten werden durch chemische Zusätze für bestimmte Zwecke ausgelegt, also gegen mechanische Beanspruchung widerstandsfähiger gemacht, wasserresistent und dergleichen.Conventional hardboard or chipboard is designed for certain purposes by chemical additives, that is, made more resistant to mechanical stress, water-resistant and the like.
Es besteht ein grundsätzlicher Bedarf daran, natürliche Ressourcen zu schonen und möglichst umfangreich anfallende Materialien zu nutzen. In den Kokosnuß- Produktionsländern werden Kokosfasern für unterschiedliche Zwecke verwendet, die Blätter und Stämme der Kokosnußpalme ebenso wie das Kokosnußfleisch, aus welchem Copra und dergleichen hergestellt werden. Die Hartschalen jedoch stellen üblicherweise nur Abfall dar und sind zu entsorgen. Selbst bei der Herstellung von Aktivkohle wird die Hartschale nur teilweise verwendet. Zwar ist es bekannt, Anteile von zu Puder vermahlenen Kokosnußschalen in der Plattenverarbeitung zu verwenden, dies erfolgt jedoch in erster Linie zur Binderunterstützung, bringt aber keine aus Kokosnuß-Hartschalen hergestellte Formteile hervor.There is a basic need to conserve natural resources and to use as much material as possible. In the coconut producing countries, coconut fibers are used for various purposes, the leaves and stems of the coconut palm as well as the coconut meat from which Copra and the like are made. However, the hard shells usually only represent waste and must be disposed of. Even in the production of activated carbon, the hard shell is only partially used. Although it is known to use portions of coconut shells ground to powder in plate processing, this is done primarily to support the binder, but does not produce molded parts made from hard coconut shells.
Der Erfindung liegt die A u f g a b e zugrunde, aus Kokosnuß-Hartschalen hergestellte Formteile und ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung bereitzustellen, so daß die üblicherweise als Abfall anfallenden Kokosnuß-Hartschalen einer Verwendung zugeführt werden können, die daraus hergestellt Formteile, insbesondere Platten, bei geringem Gewicht eine hohe mechanische Festigkeit und eine hohe Wasserfestigkeit aufweisen und darüber hinaus mit geringem wirtschaftlichem Aufwand insbesondere im Baubereich hervorragend einsetzbare Platten herstellbar sind.The invention is based on the object of providing molded parts made from hard coconut shells and a process for their production so that the hard coconut shells which are usually produced as waste can be used, and the molded parts, in particular plates, produced therefrom are lightweight have high mechanical strength and high water resistance and, moreover, panels which can be used excellently in the construction sector can be produced with little economic outlay.
Zur technischen L ö s u n g dieser Aufgabe wird mit der Erfindung vorgeschlagen ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formelementen, wobei ein Granulat aus Kokosnuß-Hartschalen mit einem aktivierbaren Binder ohne Kaltklebeeigenschaften vermischt, geformt und nach Aktivierung des Binders durch pressen endgeformt wird.For the technical solution to this problem, the invention proposes a method for producing molded elements, wherein a granulate made of coconut hard shells with an activatable binder without Cold adhesive properties are mixed, shaped and, after activation of the binder, is finally shaped by pressing.
Mit dem Verfahren läßt sich ein Formelement aus Kokosnußhartschalen-Granulat herstellen, und zwar vorzugsweise in Plattenform, wobei diese gemäß einem vorteilhaften Vorschlag der Erfindung eine Rohdichte von ca. 600 g/dm3 aufweist.The method can be used to produce a molded element from coconut hard shell granulate, preferably in plate form, which, according to an advantageous proposal of the invention, has a bulk density of approximately 600 g / dm 3 .
Der Vorteil so hergestellter Formelemente, insbesondere Platten, gegenüber üblichen als Bauplatten verwendeten Spanplatten oder Hartfaserplatten besteht in der gegenüber dem vergleichsweise geringen Gewicht sehr großen Härte der Platten und insbesondere ihrer Resistenz gegen Wasser, Chemikalien und dergleichen. Die Platten lassen sich sägen, weisen aber eine Festigkeit auf, die es sogar ermöglicht, Gewinde in die Platten zu schneiden.The advantage of molded elements manufactured in this way, in particular panels, over chipboard or hardboard used as construction panels is the fact that the panels are very hard compared to the comparatively low weight, and in particular their resistance to water, chemicals and the like. The panels can be sawed, but have a strength that even allows threads to be cut into the panels.
In vorteilhafter Weise wird ein Granulat aus Kokosnuß-Hartschalen kleiner Körnung, d. h. Kantenlängen zwischen 0,1 bis 2 mm, hergestellt. Vorzugsweise werden Kantenlängen von 0,8 bis 1 ,6 mm verwendet. Ein derartiges Granulat wird in vorteilhafter Weise durch mahlen hergestellt, es können aber auch alternative Verfahren wie schreddern, zerkleinern durch Druck und dergleichen verwendet werden. Die hergestellte Platte hat bei Verwendung von einem Binderanteil von um 10%, vorzugsweise weniger als 10%, eine Rohdichte von 600 g/dm3 +/- 20 g/dm3.Advantageously, granules are made from small-grain coconut hard shells, ie edge lengths between 0.1 and 2 mm. Edge lengths of 0.8 to 1.6 mm are preferably used. Such granules are advantageously produced by grinding, but alternative methods such as shredding, crushing by pressure and the like can also be used. When using a binder content of around 10%, preferably less than 10%, the plate produced has a bulk density of 600 g / dm 3 +/- 20 g / dm 3 .
Zur Erlangung entsprechender mechanischer Elastizität können dem Granulat aus Kokosnuß-Hartschalen faserige Naturstoffe beigemengt werden, vorzugsweise Fasern der Kokosnußaußenschale. Dies ist produktionstechnisch sinnvoll, da die Rohstoffbeschaffung konzentriert ist.To obtain appropriate mechanical elasticity, fibrous natural materials, preferably fibers of the outer coconut shell, can be added to the granules made from coconut hard shells. This makes sense in terms of production technology, since raw material procurement is concentrated.
Als Binder wird ein vernetzbarer Kunststoff verwendet, vorzugsweise ein Polyurethanbinder. Bedarfsgemäß können entsprechende Zusätze verwendet werden, beispielsweise Borate oder dergleichen, um beispielsweise feuerhemmend zu wirken, fäulnishemmend und dergleichen.A crosslinkable plastic is used as the binder, preferably a polyurethane binder. If necessary, appropriate additives can be used, for example borates or the like, for example to have a fire-retardant, decay-inhibiting and the like.
Im Gegensatz zu Holzspänen und vergleichbaren Stoffen oder einfachen Fasern haben die Kokosnußhartschalen eine für die weitere Verarbeitung günstige Restfeuchte, die bei etwa 14% liegt, während sie nur wenig Feuchtigkeit aufsaugen. Aus diesem Grunde stellt ein besonderes verfahrenstechnisches Problem die sogenannte Beleimung dar, da die einzelnen Granulatkörner praktisch in einen aktivierbaren Leim oder Binder eingebettet werden müssen. Der Binder hat keine Kaltleimeigenschaften, so daß das Granulat weiterhin als Granulat verarbeitbar ist. Die Beleimung erfolgt beispielsweise durch Sprühen, Druckverdüsen, Zentrifugalzerstäubung oder vergleichbare Beleimungsverfahren.In contrast to wood shavings and comparable materials or simple fibers, the hard coconut shells have a residual moisture that is favorable for further processing, which is around 14%, while they only have a little moisture soak up. For this reason, a special procedural problem is the so-called gluing, since the individual granules have to be embedded in an activatable glue or binder. The binder has no cold glue properties, so that the granules can still be processed as granules. The gluing takes place, for example, by spraying, pressure spraying, centrifugal atomization or comparable gluing processes.
Die beleimten Granulate werden zunächst vorgeformt, also beispielsweise auf eine Plattenformstation aufgeschüttet, um dann nach der Aktivierung des Binders beispielsweise durch Hitze, Strahlung oder dergleichen, gepreßt und endgeformt zu werden. Die Aktivierung kann z. B. bei sogenannten kaltverpressbaren Bindern durch Aufbringung eines entsprechenden Aktivierungsdruckes oder dergleichen erfolgen. Aus diesem Grund kann auch eine schüttbare Masse aus Granulat und trockenem Binder gemischt und ausgeformt werden. Die Binderaktivierung kann beispielsweise erfolgen durch Dampfdurchführung durch die vorgeformte Schicht, aus der dann später durch Pressen während oder nach der Aktivierung des Binders eine Platte hergestellt wird.The glued granules are first preformed, that is, for example, poured onto a plate-forming station, and then, after activation of the binder, are pressed and finally shaped, for example by heat, radiation or the like. The activation can e.g. B. in so-called cold-compressible binders by applying a corresponding activation pressure or the like. For this reason, a pourable mass of granulate and dry binder can also be mixed and shaped. Binder activation can be carried out, for example, by passing steam through the preformed layer, from which a plate is later produced by pressing during or after the activation of the binder.
Die Erfindung stellt somit ein insgesamt industrielles Konzept zur Herstellung neuartiger Formteile, insbesondere Platten dar. Sie fängt an mit der Rohstoffbeschaffung in Form von Kokosnuß-Hartschalen, gegebenenfalls mit Kokosnuß-Faser-Schalenmantel. Die Hartschalen werden dann mit geeigneten Verfahren zu Granulat verarbeitet. Dieses Granulat wird mit einem Binder versehen und direkt im Anschluß und nach Lagerung und/oder Transport in Formstationen ausgeformt, um nach der Binderaktivierung gepreßt und endgeformt zu werden.The invention thus represents an overall industrial concept for the production of novel molded parts, in particular sheets. It begins with the procurement of raw materials in the form of hard coconut shells, optionally with a coconut fiber shell shell. The hard shells are then processed into granules using suitable processes. These granules are provided with a binder and molded directly afterwards and after storage and / or transport in molding stations in order to be pressed and finally shaped after the binder activation.
Bei der Herstellung des Granulats erfolgt vorzugsweise eine Vorklassifizierung, d. h. zu große Granuiatteile werden der weiteren Zerkleinerung zugeführt, das Granulat selbst wird in verschiedene Fraktionen aufgeteilt. Das Fraktionieren kann auch zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt erfolgen, beispielsweise beim Ausbringen des mit Binder vermengtem Granulats auf die Formstation. Entsprechende Rollensiebe und dergleichen sind dazu geeignet, die Anordnung unterschiedlich großer Granulatteile auf unterschiedliche Schichten der Platte zu steuern. Das Granulat kann vor oder nach der Beleimung als Zwischenprodukt gelagert, transportiert und gehandelt werden. Dies ermöglicht im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Platten die örtliche Trennung von Verfahrensschritten und/oder die Einbindung von Verfahrensschritten in die Logistik. So können beispielsweise im Ursprungsland aus Kokosnußhartschalen Granulate hergestellt und während der Verschiffung beleimt werden.Pre-classification is preferably carried out during the production of the granulate, ie excessively large granulate parts are fed to further comminution, the granulate itself is divided into different fractions. The fractionation can also take place at a later point in time, for example when the granules mixed with binder are discharged onto the molding station. Corresponding roller screens and the like are suitable for controlling the arrangement of granule parts of different sizes on different layers of the plate. The granulate can be stored, transported and traded as an intermediate product before or after gluing. In contrast to conventional plates, this enables the local separation of process steps and / or the integration of process steps in logistics. In the country of origin, for example, granules can be produced from hard coconut shells and glued during shipping.
Die besonderen Platten-Herstellungsverfahren entsprechen den üblichen Herstellungsverfahren für die Herstellung von Spanplatten. Da jedoch die Kokosnuß-Hartschalen-Granulate praktisch nicht aufquellen, können bei Verwendung entsprechender Binder die Platten auch im Feuchtigkeitsbereich eingesetzt werden. Darüber hinaus haben die Kokosnußschalen-Granulate eine sehr viel geringere Entzündbarkeit als vergleichbare Holzspäne. Festigkeit und Abnutzung der nach dem neuen Verfahren hergestellten Platten übersteigt die herkömmliche Holzspanplatten erheblich.The special board manufacturing processes correspond to the usual manufacturing processes for the production of chipboard. However, since the coconut hard-shell granules practically do not swell, the plates can also be used in the moisture range if appropriate binders are used. In addition, the coconut shell granules have a much lower level of flammability than comparable wood chips. The strength and wear and tear of the boards produced using the new process far exceed that of conventional particle boards.
Nach der Herstellung der Platten können diese bedarfsgemäß noch weiterverarbeitet werden. Beispielsweise können die Oberflächen geschliffen, beschichtet werden oder dergleichen. Die Platten werden schließlich konfektioniert und der weiteren Verarbeitung zugeführt. Die Platten stellen auch originelle und neuartige Oberflächen bereit, so daß diese sich für die direkte Verwendung auch im Möbelbaubereich eignen.After the plates have been manufactured, they can be further processed as required. For example, the surfaces can be ground, coated or the like. The plates are finally assembled and sent for further processing. The panels also provide original and novel surfaces, so that they are suitable for direct use in the furniture sector.
Die Erfindung schließt eine Lücke zwischen völlig unterschiedlichen Formteilsystemen und stellt völlig neuartige Formteile bereit. Holzfasern, Mineralfasern, Zellulosefasern und dergleichen haben Oberflächen sowie Saugeigenschaften, so daß sie sich leicht mit Bindern zu einheitlichen Teilen fügen lassen. Solche Massen können beispielsweise im kontinuierlichen Verfahren auf großen Anlagen zu Platten gegossen werden. Andererseits ist es beispielsweise bekannt, Materialien, beispielsweise Steine, Quarze und dergleichen, in bindende Massen einzubetten, ohne daß es dabei zu großen Verbindungen in Oberflächenbereichen kommt. Es handelt sich mehr um Benetzungsvorgänge. Solche Platten lassen sich beispielsweise zu Verbundfliesen und dergleichen herstellen. Die vorliegende Erfindung nun betrifft einen Werkstoff, der Eigenschaften aus beiden Systemen in vorteilhafter Weise kombiniert. Das Kokosnuß- Hartschalenmateriai ist nur geringfügig, aber immerhin wenig saugfähig und die Oberflächen sind gut für Binderbenetzungen. Die Ergebnisse sind Formteile mit den vorteilhaften Eigenschaften beider oben genannten Systeme. Sofern die Oberfiächeneigenschaften für das gewünschte Bindersystem nicht ausreichend sind, können auch Oberflächenvorbehandlungen stattfinden, in welchen die Oberflächen aufgebrochen oder die Eigenschaften des Materials zumindest im Oberflächenbereich verändert werden.The invention closes a gap between completely different molded part systems and provides completely new molded parts. Wood fibers, mineral fibers, cellulose fibers and the like have surfaces and absorbent properties, so that they can easily be joined to form uniform parts with binders. Such masses can be cast into plates, for example, in a continuous process on large plants. On the other hand, it is known, for example, to embed materials, for example stones, quartz and the like, in binding masses without large connections occurring in surface areas. It is more about wetting processes. Such panels can be made into composite tiles and the like, for example. The present invention now relates to a material which advantageously combines properties from both systems. The coconut hard shell material is only slight, but at least not very absorbent and the surfaces are good for binder wetting. The results are molded parts with the advantageous properties of both systems mentioned above. If the surface properties are not sufficient for the desired binder system, surface pretreatments can also take place in which the surfaces are broken open or the properties of the material are changed at least in the surface area.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Figuren. Dabei zeigt:Further advantages and features of the invention result from the following description with reference to the figures. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine flußdiagrammartige Darstellung eines Verfahrensablaufs bei der Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer Formteile.Fig. 1 is a flowchart-like representation of a process flow in the production of molded parts according to the invention.
Die Darstellung ist grob schematisiert und es soll nur ein mögliches Ausführungsbeispiel für die Herstellung von Formteilen erläutert werden. Es wird davon ausgegangen, daß die Kokosnuß-Hartschalen (nicht gezeigt) als Rohstoffmenge vorliegen. In einer Mühle 1 werden die Hartschalen zerkleinert und das Granulat in der gewünschten Größe in einem Lagerbunker 2 gelagert. Bereits diese Vorgänge können örtlich getrennt durchgeführt werden. So ist es beispielsweise denkbar, die Zerkleinerung im Herkunftsland durchführen zu lassen oder auf dem Transportwege. Die Lagerung erfolgt vorzugsweise dort, wo anschließend die Beleimung durchgeführt wird, welche vorzugsweise in einer sogenannten Beleimungseinrichtung 3 erfolgt. Unter Beleimung ist die Benetzung der Granulatoberflächen mit entsprechendem Binder zu verstehen. Ohne Aktivierung hat der Binder keine Klebereigenschaften, er muß also durch Wärme, Strahlung, Druck, eine Kombination davon oder ähnlichen Einflüssen aktiviert werden.The illustration is roughly schematic and only one possible embodiment for the production of molded parts is to be explained. It is assumed that the coconut hard shells (not shown) are available as a raw material quantity. The hard shells are crushed in a mill 1 and the granules of the desired size are stored in a storage bunker 2. These processes can already be carried out separately. For example, it is conceivable to have the shredding carried out in the country of origin or on the transport routes. The storage preferably takes place where the gluing is then carried out, which is preferably carried out in a so-called gluing device 3. Glueing is to be understood as the wetting of the granulate surfaces with the appropriate binder. Without activation, the binder has no adhesive properties, so it must be activated by heat, radiation, pressure, a combination thereof or similar influences.
Die Leim-/Granulatgemenge werden wiederum zwischengelagert und/oder transportiert.The glue / granulate mixture is in turn temporarily stored and / or transported.
Bei der eigentlichen Formteilherstellung wird in der Formvorbereitung 4 das Element durch gezieltes Ausbringen von beleimtem Granulat vorbereitet, anschließend in einer Presse 5 gepreßt und schließlich in einer Endformstation 6 auf Endmaße gebracht, gegebenenfalls auch konfektioniert.During the actual production of the molded part, the element is prepared in the mold preparation 4 by targeted application of glued granules, then pressed in a press 5 and finally brought to final dimensions in a final forming station 6, optionally also assembled.
Das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel dient nur der Erläuterung und ist nicht beschränkend. The exemplary embodiment described is only for explanation and is not restrictive.
BezuqszeichenlisteReference list
1 Mühle1 grinder
2 Granulatbunker2 granulate bunkers
3 Beleimungseinrichtung3 gluing device
4 Vorformbereich4 preform area
5 Presse5 press
6 Endformbereich 6 final shape area

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formelementen, wobei ein Granulat aus Kokosnuß-Hartschalen mit einem aktivierbaren Binder ohne Kaitklebeeigenschaften vermischt, geformt und nach Aktivierung des Binders durch pressen endgeformt wird.1. A process for the production of molded elements, wherein a granulate of coconut hard shells is mixed with an activatable binder without adhesive properties, shaped and, after activation of the binder, is finally shaped by pressing.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Granulat aus Kokosnuß-Hartschalen mit Kantenlängen zwischen 0,1-2 mm, vorzugsweise 0,8-1 ,6 mm verwendet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that granules of coconut hard shells with edge lengths between 0.1-2 mm, preferably 0.8-1, 6 mm is used.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Granulat durch mahlen der Kokosnuß-Hartschalen hergestellt wird.3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granules are produced by grinding the coconut hard shells.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Granulat aus Kokosnuß-Hartschalen faserige Naturstoffe beigemengt werden.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fibrous natural materials are added to the granules made of coconut hard shells.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Naturstoff- Fasern Faser der Kokosnuß-Außenschale beigemischt werden.5. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that fibers are added to the outer shell of the coconut as natural material fibers.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Binder ein vernetzbarer Kunststoff verwendet wird.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a crosslinkable plastic is used as the binder.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vermischung von Binder mit dem Granulat durch Feuchtbenetzung erfolgt.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing of binder with the granules is carried out by wet wetting.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vermischung von Binder mit dem Granulat trocken erfolgt.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mixing of binder with the granules is carried out dry.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aktivierung des Binders durch Dampfdurchführung erfolgt. 109. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the activation of the binder is carried out by steam passage. 10
10. Formelement aus Kokosnußhartschalen-Granulat, hergestellt nach dem Verfahren nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses als Platte ausgeformt ist und diese eine Rohdichte von ca. 600 g/dm3 aufweist. 10. Shaped element made of coconut hard shell granules, produced by the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is shaped as a plate and this has a bulk density of about 600 g / dm 3 .
PCT/EP1999/002935 1998-05-02 1999-04-29 Moulded elements made of hard coconut shell granulate and method for producing same WO1999056923A1 (en)

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DE19819738 1998-05-02

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002007953A1 (en) * 2000-07-26 2002-01-31 Giesen, Heinz Method for producing plastic-based moulded parts
WO2002022331A1 (en) * 2000-09-13 2002-03-21 Fritz Homann Gmbh & Co. Kg Plate-shaped moulding elements based on natural fibres and method for the production thereof
WO2008074310A2 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 E & W Greenland Gmbh Material for the production of a molded body, and a molded body
DE102009056015A1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2011-06-01 Hans Willi Babka Dry building panel, has main surface provided with surface coating, where panel is made of mold material that comprises crushed coconut shells, sodium bicarbonate, bonding agent and additives such as loam, sand, calcium carbonate or gypsum

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5328086A (en) * 1976-08-26 1978-03-15 Mitsubishi Motors Corp Compound molds of cconut shellgranules
GB2150606A (en) * 1983-11-28 1985-07-03 Dev And Investments A method of manufacture utilising coconut fibre and an article of manufacture produced using the method
JPH07150007A (en) * 1993-11-26 1995-06-13 Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd Phenolic resin molding material
EP0729814A1 (en) * 1995-03-03 1996-09-04 National Research Development Corporation A process for producing composite particle board from rice husk

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5328086A (en) * 1976-08-26 1978-03-15 Mitsubishi Motors Corp Compound molds of cconut shellgranules
GB2150606A (en) * 1983-11-28 1985-07-03 Dev And Investments A method of manufacture utilising coconut fibre and an article of manufacture produced using the method
JPH07150007A (en) * 1993-11-26 1995-06-13 Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd Phenolic resin molding material
EP0729814A1 (en) * 1995-03-03 1996-09-04 National Research Development Corporation A process for producing composite particle board from rice husk

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Title
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002007953A1 (en) * 2000-07-26 2002-01-31 Giesen, Heinz Method for producing plastic-based moulded parts
WO2002022331A1 (en) * 2000-09-13 2002-03-21 Fritz Homann Gmbh & Co. Kg Plate-shaped moulding elements based on natural fibres and method for the production thereof
US7405248B1 (en) 2000-09-13 2008-07-29 Homatherm Ag Plate-shaped moulding elements based on natural fibres and method for the production thereof
WO2008074310A2 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 E & W Greenland Gmbh Material for the production of a molded body, and a molded body
WO2008074310A3 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-09-25 E & W Greenland Gmbh Material for the production of a molded body, and a molded body
DE102009056015A1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2011-06-01 Hans Willi Babka Dry building panel, has main surface provided with surface coating, where panel is made of mold material that comprises crushed coconut shells, sodium bicarbonate, bonding agent and additives such as loam, sand, calcium carbonate or gypsum

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