WO1999053892A1 - Compositions depilatoires comprenant des agents de chelation - Google Patents

Compositions depilatoires comprenant des agents de chelation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999053892A1
WO1999053892A1 PCT/AU1999/000296 AU9900296W WO9953892A1 WO 1999053892 A1 WO1999053892 A1 WO 1999053892A1 AU 9900296 W AU9900296 W AU 9900296W WO 9953892 A1 WO9953892 A1 WO 9953892A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
hair
skin
present
anyone
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1999/000296
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English (en)
Inventor
Matthew Miller
Original Assignee
Matthew Miller
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matthew Miller filed Critical Matthew Miller
Priority to AU33234/99A priority Critical patent/AU3323499A/en
Priority to EP99914375A priority patent/EP1094783A1/fr
Publication of WO1999053892A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999053892A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q7/00—Preparations for affecting hair growth
    • A61Q7/02—Preparations for inhibiting or slowing hair growth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/51—Chelating agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of hair removal from mammalian skin. More particularly, the present invention relates to compositions and methods for reducing or retarding hair growth, or for eliminating unwanted hair from mammalian skin.
  • Tweezing and plucking are of limited application because individual hairs or at most only a few hairs at one time can be removed. For large areas of hair removal such methods are not efficacious. Waxing is painful and has a tendency to cause irritation, swelling and even burns to the skin. Also, the method of application is tedious and messy. Electrolysis techniques are also painful and involve the use of expensive equipment whilst shaving results in almost immediate regrowth of coarse hair leaving a rough surface feel to the skin.
  • compositions are effective in removing unwanted hair from larger areas of skin.
  • Most products currently available for topical use are based on thioglycollates as the active ingredient.
  • Thioglycollates function in this role as reducing agents at high pH, reducing disulphide bonds in the hair following penetration into the follicular canal. The hair is 2 -
  • a mammalian hair growth reducing, retarding or eliminating topical composition comprising: a) an effective amount of one or more chelating agents and/or cosmetically and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and b) one or more cosmetically and/or pharmaceutically acceptable topical carriers.
  • a method for reducing, retarding or eliminating mammalian hair growth which comprises topically applying to the skin of a mammal in need of treatment to reduce, retard or eliminate hair growth a composition according to the present invention.
  • a method for softening and lightening terminal hair in mammalian skin which comprises topically applying to the skin of a mammal in need of treatment to soften and lighten mammalian terminal hair a composition according to the present invention.
  • compositions containing chelating agents exhibit the ability to reduce or retard hair growth or eliminate hair growth altogether from parts of the mammalian body where unwanted hair exists, especially vellus hair, without undesirable side effects such as skin irritation and odour commonly associated with known depilatory formulations.
  • chelating agent means a polydentate ligand that is able to bond to a central metal atom through more than one donor atom simultaneously.
  • chelating agent may also include monodentate ligands.
  • vellus hair as used herein means a fine short hair of less than one centimetre in length, containing little or no pigmentation as opposed to "terminal hair” which is coarse, pigmented, medullated hair which is longer than vellus hair.
  • compositions of the present invention are employed in one of several treatments for eliminating unwanted hair from the body surface or at least in reducing its rate of growth, such as:
  • ii) a one step treatment in which the rate of hair growth is reduced by application of the substance without necessarily being accompanied by hair loss.
  • any chelating agent maybe employed which does not cause undue toxicity, incompatibility, irritation, allergic response and the like upon application to the skin.
  • Preferred chelating agents are those capable of complexing out zinc and/or other metals such as calcium from the immediate environment of the hair follicle.
  • preferred chelating agents include OH, NH 3 , xanthates, carboxylates, nitrates, ethylenediamene (en), 2,2'- bipyridine (bipy), 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen), terpyridine (terpy), diethylenetriamine (dien), glyme, ⁇ -diketonates, triethylenetetramine (trien), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), triethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DPT A), ethyleneglycol-bis( ⁇ -aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'- tetracetic acid (EGTA), phthalocyanine, porphyrin, acetylacetonate (acac), carbonate, glycine
  • EDTA tetraazacyclotetradecane
  • ox oxalate
  • nta nitrilotriacetate
  • the amount of chelating agent employed in the compositions according to the present invention is an effective amount which is sufficient to significantly induce a positive modification which can be determined by a person skilled in the art.
  • the amount of the chelating agent will vary depending upon the particular condition being treated, the age and physical condition of the subject being treated, the duration of treatment, the specific chelating agents employed, the particular cosmetically and/or pharmaceutically acceptable carriers utilized, and like factors.
  • the compositions contain 0.1 to 50.0% (w/v), more particularly 0.5 to 5.0% (w/v) of chelating agent. It has been found, however, that surprisingly small amounts of chelating agent in the present invention are sufficient.
  • a particularly preferred amount is 1.0 to 2.0% (w/v).
  • Cosmetically and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the chelating agents may also be employed.
  • Such salts include, but are not limited to alkali metal salts, eg, sodium, lithium, rubidium and potassium salts; alkaline metal earth salts, eg, magnesium, calcium and strontium salts; non-toxic heavy metals, eg, aluminium salts and zinc salts; boron salts; silicon salts and ammonium salts.
  • alkali metal salts eg, sodium, lithium, rubidium and potassium salts
  • alkaline metal earth salts eg, magnesium, calcium and strontium salts
  • non-toxic heavy metals eg, aluminium salts and zinc salts
  • boron salts silicon salts and ammonium salts.
  • Most preferred salts are sodium salts.
  • compositions according to the present invention also comprise one or more solid, semi- solid or liquid cosmetically and/or pharmaceutically acceptance topical carriers to act as a diluent, dispersant or vehicle to facilitate delivery of the chelating agent to the immediate environment of the hair follicle at an appropriate concentration.
  • topical carriers to act as a diluent, dispersant or vehicle to facilitate delivery of the chelating agent to the immediate environment of the hair follicle at an appropriate concentration.
  • the topical carrier itself can be inert or it can possess physiological or pharmaceutical benefits of its own.
  • the carrier in the present invention is present in an amount of 50.0 to 99.9% (w/v), preferably 90.0 to 99.9%o (w/v) and more particularly 94.0 to 96.0%( /v).
  • the carrier is either aqueous or organic in nature or an aqueous emulsion which is capable of having the chelating agent dispersed or dissolved therein.
  • Carriers other than water may be selected from the group which includes liquid or solid emollients, solvents, skin penetration enhancers, thickening agents, emulsifiers and preservatives.
  • emollients refer to materials used for the prevention or relief of dryness, as well as for the protection of the skin.
  • suitable solid and liquid emollients are known and may be used in the compositions of the present invention in amounts of 0.1 to 50.0% (w/v), preferably 0.1 to 20.0% (w/v) and more particularly 0.5 to 1.0% (w/v).
  • suitable emollients are glycerine, sorboline, lanolin (wool fat), paraffin, petrolatum, mineral oils and waxes, fatty alcohols and silicone oils. Particularly preferred is glycerine.
  • the topical carrier is preferably one which can aid and/or enhance penetration of the chelating agent into the skin to reach the immediate environment of the hair follicle.
  • Carriers useful in topical compositions according to the present invention may include penetration enhancers such as liposomes, latex lattices, microspheres and cyclodextrans.
  • a preferred amount of penetration enhancing agent is from 0.1 to 5.0% (w/v).
  • Topical compositions of the present invention maybe formulated as a cream.
  • the creams of the present invention comprise an effective amount of a chelating agent, preferably 0.1 to 50.0% (w/v), more preferably 0.1 to 1.0% (w/v), preferably 0.1 to 25.0% (w/v) of an emollient, and from 25.0 to 95.0% water.
  • the cream may contain a suitable emulsifier present in an amount from 0.1 to 50.0% (w/v), more preferably 0.5 to 20.0% (w/v).
  • Emulsifiers useful in the present invention may be non-ionic, anionic or cationic or mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly preferred emulsifiers are anionic surfactants such as fatty alcohol sulfates and/or alkyl aryl sulfates and non-ionic surfactants such as condensation products of aliphatic (C 8 -C 18 ) primary or secondary linear or branched chain alcohols.
  • composition according to the present invention is as an emulsion in which an oil or other materials having the properties of an oil are employed together with an emulsifier to provide either an oil-in- water emulsion or a water-in-oil-emulsion.
  • oils examples include mineral oil, vegetable oil and silicone oils.
  • the oil or oily material will normally be present in an amount up to 90.0% (w/v), preferably from 10.0 to 80.0% (w/v).
  • the amount of emulsifier or mixtures thereof to be incorporated in the composition of the present invention is from 0.1 to 50.0% (w/v), preferably 0.5 to 20.0% (w/v) and more preferably from 1.0 to 2.0% (w/v).
  • Topical compositions of the present invention may also be formulated as a lotion.
  • the lotions of the present invention comprise an effective amount of a chelating agent, preferably 0.1 to 50.0% (w/v), more preferably 0.5 to 1.0% (w/v), preferably 0.5 to 15.0% (w/v) of an emollient and 50.0 to 95.0% (w/v) of water.
  • the lotion may comprise a suitable emulsifier comprising 0.1 to 50.0% (w/v), preferably from 0.5 to 20.0% (w/v) of the composition.
  • a solution form of the present invention comprises an effective amount of a chelating agent, water and suitable organic solvent.
  • suitable organic solvents are, for example, glycerin, propylene glycol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, polypropylene glycol and butanediol. Water may function as the sole cosmetically acceptable carrier.
  • Gel compositions of the present invention may be formulated by simply mixing a suitable thickening agent to a solution form of the present invention.
  • Thickeners include both natural and synthetic such as clays, starch, gums, fatty and polyvinyl alcohols modified starches and sugars and methyl or hydroxyethyl cellulose.
  • Gel compositions preferably comprise an effective amount of a chelating agent, preferably 0.1 to 50.0% (w/v), preferably 0.1 to 2.0% (w/v), more preferably 0.5 to 1.0% (w/v), preferably 0.5 to 50.0% (w/v) of an organic solvent as previously described for solutions; and from 0.1 to 20.0%) (w/v), preferably from 0.5 to 10.0% (w/v) of a thickening agent.
  • compositions of solid forms of the present invention here use as stick-type compositions.
  • Such compositions preferably comprise an effective amount of chelating agent, and from about 50% to 98%, preferably from about 60% to 90% of the previously described emollients.
  • compositions can further comprise from about 1% to about 20%, preferably from about 5% to about 15%) of a suitable thickening agent, and optionally emulsifiers and water.
  • compositions in the form of a solution comprise one or more propellants such as propane, butane, isobutane, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 20.0% (w/v).
  • propellants such as propane, butane, isobutane, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 20.0% (w/v).
  • compositions of the present invention may also comprise a preservative so that the compositions enjoy an extended shelf life following manufacture and prior to sale and use. It is apparent that chelating agents are prone to attack by bacteria, fungi, moulds and other types microorganisms which cause spoilage.
  • Preferred preservatives are, for example, urea, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, ethyl paraben, ethanol, and sorbic acid. Particularly preferred is urea.
  • Preservatives are employed in the present invention in an amount of 0.1 to 50.0% (w/v), preferably 0.1 to 5.0% (w/v) and more preferably 0.5 to 2.0% (w/v).
  • compositions of this invention may also include other actives capable of functioning in different ways to enhance the benefits of the compositions, such as, depilatories/hair growth suppressants, sunscreens, hair lightening agents, antiperspirants, fragrants and colouring agents.
  • actives capable of functioning in different ways to enhance the benefits of the compositions, such as, depilatories/hair growth suppressants, sunscreens, hair lightening agents, antiperspirants, fragrants and colouring agents.
  • compositions to remove unwanted hair regrowth of hair will generally occur in some individuals unless the composition is reapplied repeatedly to prevent regrowth. If the hair is very dark in colour it may be advantageous to incorporate in the compositions a hair lightening agent to ensure that regrowth is light in colour and therefore less noticeable.
  • a preferred hair lightening agent is kojic acid preferably present in an amount of 0.1 to 20%> by weight of the composition.
  • the present invention also provides a method for softening and lightening terminal mammalian hair. - 9 -
  • composition according to the invention can also optionally comprise a conventional hair removal ingredient such as thioglycollate in an amount sufficient to remove unwanted hair already present to obtain best results.
  • a two step procedure can be employed in which unwanted hair is first removed by a conventional method, and then a composition according the present invention, with or without a further thioglycollate, is applied to the skin to eliminate hair regrowth.
  • the hair is first removed by a method, such as, shaving or waxing which breaks the surface layer of the skin facilitating penetration of the composition into the follicular canal.
  • compositions according the present invention can also comprise one or more conventional antiperspirant active substances which can be of particular value if the composition is to be used on the underarm. Such compositions can thus be used on a daily basis to prevent unwanted hair growth and eliminate or reduce perspiration and body malodour.
  • conventional antiperspirant activities include astringent metallic salts such as aluminium chloride.
  • compositions may also be formulated as a shaving product such as a shaving mousse.
  • compositions of the present invention are preferably formulated to have a pH of 7.
  • the pH values of these compositions most preferably range from about 6 to 8, even more preferably from about 6.5 to 7.5.
  • Compositions having a pH within the range of about 6.5 to 7.5 tend to exhibit less skin irritation and odour and have greater shelf stability than compositions having a pH of greater than about 8.5.
  • the pH of the compositions of the present invention may be adjusted by the addition of a base such as sodium hydroxide.
  • compositions of the present invention are generally prepared by conventional methods such as are known in the art of making topical compositions. Such methods typically involve mixing an effective amount of one or more chelating agents with one ore more cosmetically and/or pharmaceutically acceptable topical carriers.
  • the present invention accordingly provides for the use of one or more chelating agents, as 10
  • compositions for topical application to mammalian skin for reducing or retarding hair growth, or for eliminating unwanted hair from the skin surface.
  • a preferred method of applying the subject compositions involves multiple topical application to areas where unwanted hair grows. Once applied, the composition is left on and is not removed.
  • the subject compositions are administered to the skin in an amount and frequency which can vary widely depending on the area in question, the desired effect and/or personal needs. It is suggested, for example, that topical application occurs five times daily to once every other day, preferably three times daily to once daily and most preferably two times daily (morning and night).
  • the compositions are applied to the skin after the skins surface has been broken, for example, by waxing or shaving so as to facilitate penetration of the composition into the follicular canal.
  • compositions will preferably contain 0.001 to 50.0 mg of the chelating agent per cm 2 skin, more preferably from 0.01 to 30 mg/cm 2 skin, more preferably still from 2.0 to 10.0 mg/cm 2 skin.
  • the period of topical application should be as is needed by the individual.
  • the compositions may be used prophylactically over a mammals life for continued regulation of hair regrowth. In certain individuals, application of the compositions may result in elimination of hair regrowth altogether.
  • a topical composition is prepared by combining the following components utilizing conventional mixing techniques and the pH is adjusted to 6.8 by adding NaOH.
  • a dark haired 24 year old female topically applied the above composition in the form of a lotion to the skin of her leg.
  • terminal hair was first removed by waxing.
  • the composition was applied topically morning and night for the next five days.
  • Vellus hair regrowth (mm) was measured weekly using calipers. After three weeks when the vellus hair had grown to a noticeable 4.8 mm, the hair was removed by a second waxing and the composition re-applied topically morning and night for the next five days. This time it took six weeks for the vellus hair to grow to a length of 5.1 mm.
  • the hair was then removed by a third waxing and the composition topically reapplied morning and night for the next five days .
  • Example 2 The experiment described in Example 1 was performed on a 28 year old female with blond hair. 12 -

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des compositions conçues pour une application topique sur la peau d'un mammifère, afin de réduire, retarder ou éliminer la croissance pileuse, ces compositions comprenant: a) une dose efficace d'un ou de plusieurs agents de chélation, et/ou des sels de ceux-ci, acceptables sur le plan cosmétique et/ou pharmacologique, et b) un ou plusieurs véhicules topiques acceptables sur le plan cosmétique et/ou pharmacologique. La présente invention concerne en outre des procédés visant à réduire, retarder ou éliminer la croissance pileuse chez un mammifère, et consistant à administrer les compositions de l'invention sur la peau d'un mammifère nécessitant un traitement destiné à réduire, retarder ou éliminer la croissance pileuse.
PCT/AU1999/000296 1998-04-20 1999-04-20 Compositions depilatoires comprenant des agents de chelation WO1999053892A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU33234/99A AU3323499A (en) 1998-04-20 1999-04-20 Depilatory compositions comprising chelating agents
EP99914375A EP1094783A1 (fr) 1998-04-20 1999-04-20 Compositions depilatoires comprenant des agents de chelation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPP3076 1998-04-20
AUPP3076A AUPP307698A0 (en) 1998-04-20 1998-04-20 Depilatory compositions comprising chelating agents

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999053892A1 true WO1999053892A1 (fr) 1999-10-28

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ID=3807335

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1999/000296 WO1999053892A1 (fr) 1998-04-20 1999-04-20 Compositions depilatoires comprenant des agents de chelation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1094783A1 (fr)
AU (1) AUPP307698A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999053892A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2823670A1 (fr) * 2001-04-23 2002-10-25 Oreal Procede pour diminuer partiellement ou totalement les symptomes associes a la liberation d'histamine dans l'organisme
US7537752B2 (en) 2001-04-23 2009-05-26 L'oreal Use of a composition containing an effective quantity of at least one ion chelating agent for increasing the tolerance threshold of a sensitive or intolerant skin

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2379703T3 (es) 2010-03-26 2012-04-30 The Procter And Gamble Company Método de depilación y kit para depilación

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994021217A1 (fr) * 1993-03-19 1994-09-29 Handelman, Joseph, H. Composition topique servant a inhiber la pousse des poils et des cheveux
EP0648488A1 (fr) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-19 L'oreal Procédé pour modifier la pousse des poils et/ou des cheveux et compositions utilisables à cet effet
WO1995033439A1 (fr) * 1994-06-09 1995-12-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions epilatoires a base de compose sulfhydryle
WO1998024400A2 (fr) * 1996-12-03 1998-06-11 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Utilisation de derives de bis(acide dicarboxylique)diaminoalkylene comme agents complexants biodegradables pour des ions de metaux alcalino-terreux et de metaux lourds
GB2324036A (en) * 1997-04-09 1998-10-14 Reckitt & Colman France Depilatory compositions, their preparation and use
WO1998052515A1 (fr) * 1997-05-20 1998-11-26 Kahale, Nadim Prevention/retardement de la pousse des poils
GB2326335A (en) * 1997-06-19 1998-12-23 Sultan Daham Composition for the prevention of hair re-growth
GB2327190A (en) * 1997-07-09 1999-01-20 Reckitt & Colman France Depilatory Compositions

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994021217A1 (fr) * 1993-03-19 1994-09-29 Handelman, Joseph, H. Composition topique servant a inhiber la pousse des poils et des cheveux
WO1994021216A1 (fr) * 1993-03-19 1994-09-29 Handelman, Joseph, H. Compositions topiques destinees a inhiber la pousse des poils
EP0648488A1 (fr) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-19 L'oreal Procédé pour modifier la pousse des poils et/ou des cheveux et compositions utilisables à cet effet
WO1995033439A1 (fr) * 1994-06-09 1995-12-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions epilatoires a base de compose sulfhydryle
WO1995033440A1 (fr) * 1994-06-09 1995-12-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions depilatoires contenant des composes de sulfhydryle
WO1998024400A2 (fr) * 1996-12-03 1998-06-11 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Utilisation de derives de bis(acide dicarboxylique)diaminoalkylene comme agents complexants biodegradables pour des ions de metaux alcalino-terreux et de metaux lourds
GB2324036A (en) * 1997-04-09 1998-10-14 Reckitt & Colman France Depilatory compositions, their preparation and use
WO1998052515A1 (fr) * 1997-05-20 1998-11-26 Kahale, Nadim Prevention/retardement de la pousse des poils
GB2326335A (en) * 1997-06-19 1998-12-23 Sultan Daham Composition for the prevention of hair re-growth
GB2327190A (en) * 1997-07-09 1999-01-20 Reckitt & Colman France Depilatory Compositions

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
THE MERCK INDEX, Eleventh Edition, Published by MERCK & CO., RAHWAY, NJ, USA, 1989, Entry Nos. 8575, 510, 8513, 8598, 3752, 3355, 7169, 6432, 3213, 51, 9579, 3484, 2515, 7574, 8541, 4386, 5879, 8601, 6499. *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2823670A1 (fr) * 2001-04-23 2002-10-25 Oreal Procede pour diminuer partiellement ou totalement les symptomes associes a la liberation d'histamine dans l'organisme
EP1252883A1 (fr) * 2001-04-23 2002-10-30 L'oreal Procédé pour diminuer partiellement ou totalement les symptômes associés à la libération d'histamine dans l'organisme
US7537752B2 (en) 2001-04-23 2009-05-26 L'oreal Use of a composition containing an effective quantity of at least one ion chelating agent for increasing the tolerance threshold of a sensitive or intolerant skin

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AUPP307698A0 (en) 1998-05-14
EP1094783A1 (fr) 2001-05-02

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