Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G06Q30/00—Commerce
  • G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a telecommunications transmission system adapted to provide a platform for an electronic market place, in particular an agent orientated electronic market place, a service provider's server, a search engine for use with an electronic market place and a method of operating an agent oriented search engine.
• the present invention is directed to, among other things, methods of operating the physical infrastructure associated with a telecommunications transmission platform used to support the provision of telecommunications based services. It is necessary to draw a clear distinction between the operation of an electronic market place, which may be modelled on real world market places, and the telecommunications infrastructure used to provide a platform on which the electronic market place operates. It must be recognised that the methods of commerce used on, for example the Internet, and methods of operating the technical elements of the Internet are distinct.
• the Telia Agentbased Marketplace provides users with a personal software agent, called a WebButler.
• the WebButler provides support for the user and enables him/her to specify the particular buy, or sell, contracts in which he/she is interested.
• Commercial Merchants can also specify items for sale, in electronic stores, through a function called MerchantAssist.
• AgentFind Service The main task of an AgentFind Service, to which the present invention relates, is to provide WebButlers and MerchantAssists with information on which other agents (WebButlers and/or MerchantAssists) have corresponding interests.
• AgentFind In addition to its primary function, i.e. to match corresponding interests between agents, AgentFind also provides value added services, such as marketing statistics, information on requested interests, information brokerage & advertisement services etc..
• AgentFind database Since the interests of each WebButler frequently change, it is essential that the AgentFind database is continuously updated. Automatic coordination mechanisms are, therefore, provided.
• AgentFind service provides an infrastructure for implementing the AgentFind service so that it meets these requirements.
• the present invention can be seen as the next generation search engine for agents, as opposed to current search engines, such as Alta Vista, which are designed to operate with more, or less, static web sites.
• AgentFind the agent oriented search engine
• the difference is, for example, that the agent oriented search engine, AgentFind, deals with interests specified by users and merchants. These interests are totally focussed on electronic commerce. Since the interests will change more, or less, daily for the participants, it is of a much greater importance for AgentFind to be able to manage consistency than is the case for conventional search engines. It is for this reason that a synchronisation mechanism has been developed.
• AgentFind deals with interests specified by users and merchants. These interests are totally focussed on electronic commerce. Since the interests will change more, or less, daily for the participants, it is of a much greater importance for AgentFind to be able to manage consistency than is the case for conventional search engines. It is for this reason that a synchronisation mechanism has been developed.
• AgentFind Another difference between AgentFind and known search engines
• a telecommunications transmission system adapted to operate as a platform for an agent-based electronic market and including a plurality of end user terminals arranged for connection to the Internet, at least one service provider server, and a plurality of merchant servers, said platform being arranged to support agent-based market interactions between a plurality of agent types, characterised in that:
• said at least one service provider server has logic means for implementing a search engine adapted to interact with WebButlers, MerchantAssists, a user interest data base and a merchant interest database;
• WebButlers and MerchantAssists are adapted to carry specifications of interest in trade items
• said search engine is adapted, on request by a first agent having associated therewith a first specification of interest, to identify specifications of interest associated with other agents, which match said first specification of interest, by searching said user interest data base and MerchantAssist database;
• Said merchant servers may have catalogue databases holding information on trade items for which MerchantAssists, associated with said merchant servers, carry specifications of interest, and said means to calculate may be adapted to access said catalogue databases to obtain information to facilitate calculation of said correspondence rate.
• Said merchant interest database may only hold data relating to product categories and key attributes for trade items for which MerchantAssists carry specifications of interest.
• Data relating to a trade items may be partitioned between mandatory parameters and optional parameters, and said mandatory parameters may include an indication of whether a specification of interest relates to a desire to purchase, or sell, and a product category.
• Said means to, calculate may be adapted to calculate a correspondence rate, Corrjevel, between two statements of interest using the following algorithm:
• N Number of optional parameters in one of said statements of interest
• OP(X) an optional parameter and X has a value between 1 and N, each optional parameter having a value of 1 in the vector
• F(X) a priority weighting factor
• said search engine may search said user interest database and said MerchantAssist database and identify specifications of interest for which all mandatory parameters match said first specification of interest and a list of originators for matching specifications of interest may be delivered to said WebButler.
• Logic for collecting data required for calculation of correspondence rates from merchant servers may be assigned to WebButlers.
• Said list of originators may be presented to a user as soon as it is available, together with a counter indicating progress toward obtaining additional data needed to calculate correspondence rates and said WebButler may calculate said correspondence rates and cause said list to be updated as and when said correspondence rates are calculated, said updated list being prioritised and including correspondence rates.
• Data carried by WebButlers and MerchantAssists may be dynamically synchronised with data held by said search engine.
• Said dynamic synchronisation may be achieved by exchanging the following messages between WebButlers and said search engine, and between MerchantAssists and said search engine:
• Logic and software, associated with WebButlers, MerchantAssists and said search engine, resident on said service provider server, may be allocated to different servers in said service provider's domain.
• Said search engine may be adapted to provide value added services including:
• Specifications of interest may be created by using a dynamic editor adapted to request additional information from a user.
• Said merchant servers may include conversion means adapted to convert specifications of interest from a merchant's format to a format used by said search engine.
• Said merchant interest database and said user interest database may be country, or region, specific.
• Said service provider server may have a database containing a black list of product categories which are non-approved for a specific country, or region, and every new product and/or product attribute may be compared with said black list and, if a correspondence is found, may be rejected by said service provider server.
• Said service provider server may be adapted to receive specifications of interest with a storage parameter disconnected so that said specifications of interest are not stored on said user interest database.
• a service provider server adapted to operate with a telecommunications transmission system, as set forth in any preceding paragraph, characterised in that:
• said service provider server has logic means for implementing a search engine adapted to interact with WebButlers, MerchantAssists, a user interest data base and a merchant interest database;
• said service provider server has resident thereon software associated with said WebButlers and MerchantAssists;
• WebButlers and MerchantAssists are adapted to carry specifications of interest in trade items
• said search engine is adapted, on request by a first agent having associated therewith a first specification of interest, to identify specifications of interest associated with other agents, which match said first specification of interest, by searching said user interest data base and MerchantAssist database;
• a telecommunications transmission system adapted to operate as a platform for an agent-based electronic market and including a plurality of user terminals arranged for connection to the Internet, at least one service provider server, and a plurality of electronic shops, said platform being arranged to support agent-based market interactions between a plurality of agent types, a method of matching a specifications of interest associated with a WebButler, or MerchantAssist, with specifications of interest associated with other agents, characterised by a search engine interacting with WebButlers and MerchantAssists, on request from said WebButlers, or said MerchantAssists, to search a user interest data base and a merchant interest database, to identify other WebButlers and/or MerchantAssists, having associated therewith matching specifications of interest, and by calculating a correspondence rate for each matching specification of interest.
• Said merchant servers may have catalogue databases holding information on trade items for which MerchantAssists, associated with said merchant servers, carry specifications of interest, and may access said catalogue databases to obtain information to facilitate calculation of said correspondence rate.
• Said merchant interest database may only holding data relating to product categories and key attributes for a trade item for which MerchantAssists carry specifications of interest.
• Data relating to a trade items may be partitioned between mandatory parameters and optional parameters, and said mandatory parameters may include an indication of whether a specification of interest relates to a desire to purchase, or sell, and a product category.
• a correspondence rate, Corrjevel, between two statements of interest may be calculated using the following algorithm:
• N Number of optional parameters in one of said statements of interest
• OP(X) an optional parameter and X has a value between 1 and N, each optional parameter having a value of 1 in the vector
• F(X) a priority weighting factor
• said search engine may search said user interest database and said MerchantAssist database and identify specifications of interest for which all mandatory parameters match said first specification of interest and may deliver to said WebButler a list of originators for matching specifications of interest.
• Logic for collecting data required for calculation of correspondence rates from merchant servers may be assigned to WebButlers.
• Said list of originators may be presented to a user as soon as it is available, together with a counter indicating progress toward obtaining additional data needed to calculate correspondence rates, and said WebButler may calculate said correspondence rates and cause said list to be updated as and when said correspondence rates are calculated, said updated list being prioritised and including correspondence rates.
• Data carried by WebButlers and MerchantAssists may be dynamically synchronised with data held by said search engine.
• Said search engine may provide value added services including:
• Specifications of interest may be created with a dynamic editor adapted to request additional information from a user.
• Specifications of interest may be converted from a merchant's format to a format used by said search engine.
• Said merchant interest database and said user interest database may be country, or region, specific.
• Said service provider server may have a database containing a black list of product categories which are non-approved for a specific country, or region, and every new product and/or product attribute may be compared with said black list and, if a correspondence is found, may reject said new product and/or product attribute.
• a search engine for use with a telecommunications transmission system, as set forth in any preceding paragraph, characterised in that said search engine is resident on a service provider server and adapted to receive search instructions from
• WebButlers and MerchantAssists to conduct searches on at least two databases, and to access remote databases for additional data.
• Figure 1 illustrates, in schematic form, the relationships between some of the basic functions and services that are employed in the AMP electronic platform.
• Figure 2 illustrates the layer model used by the AMP service platform.
• Figure 3 illustrates the operation of a translation agent that translates between different agent protocols and to, or from, traditional http-based web sites.
• Figure 4 illustrates the use of the Telia WebButler graphical interface to monitor and control a personal agent.
• FIG. 5 shows the software modules used in the Telia WebButler.
• Figure 6 illustrates the high level interaction between a WebButler and an AgentFind server, and between a MerchantAssist and an AgentFind server.
• Figure 7 illustrates an example of the way in which information is presented to a user by his WebButler.
• Figure 8 illustrates the way in which information is distributed between the different elements of AgentFind.
• Table 1 shows the message/event types for an agent-based Auctioneer Service.
• Figure 1 illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a high-level overview of the relationships between some basic functions and products used in the AMP agent-based electronic commerce platform.
• the some of the principle features of AMP which are not present in known products and services, based on agent orientated architectures, are set out below:
• (a) AMP enables peer-to-peer autonomous communication between agents on the Internet. These can be agents representing users wanting to buy and/or sell goods and services, merchants, brokers, etc.. This approach has the advantage that any agent can initiate a communication with other agents, computer programs, at any time. The agents can understand the information they receive and take action autonomously. They can, therefore, fulfill complex requests from their owner.
• the disadvantage is that additional data has to be created to support machine-to-machine communication because, at the present time, the web is structured to support man-machine and not machine-machine communication.
• AMP facilitates the achievement of more powerful, realtime relationship marketing when the owner visits e-commerce stores on the web. It is also enables the merchant to develop a relationship with the owner/owners agent after that agent has visited his/her store.
• AMP Based on its ability to support machine-to-machine communication, AMP makes it possible for users to specify, in a user-friendly manner, trigger- points when the user would like to come into the loop while the agent is working on a task. That could, for example, be when it is necessary to give an offer over a specified limit in a buying negotiation for a requested item.
• (d) AMP gives the user a useful tool to facilitate obtaining status information about the different tasks the user's agent is working on. This, of course, also includes the capability to:
• the agent in AMP, is executing on a network operator's servers, for example, Telia's servers in their telecommunications network
• the user can access the agent through any device, for example, a home computer, a computer at the user's place of work, a mobile PDA, and may even obtain notifications through pagers, GSM/SMS, etc..
• This gives the user the additional benefit that he/she doesn't need to be connected on-line when the agent is working on the requested task while still giving the agent the ability to urgently notify the user, as and when required, through the user's preferred telecommunication service.
• Agents can interface services, such as reputation services, payment services, logistic services, etc..
• (h) AMP supports e-mail communications which makes it possible to communicate through firewalls. This also creates a more easily used interface to EDI applications.
• the Agent-based Market Place introduces a new paradigm for the Internet which, in turn, opens up new possibilities for network operators, such as Telia, and their business customers, partners and consumers.
• Telia developed a Market Space prototype, in co-operation with the Swedish Institute of Computer Science (STCS) and the Uppsala University, which implemented basic protocols and mechanisms for an AMP.
• STCS Swedish Institute of Computer Science
• Uppsala University which implemented basic protocols and mechanisms for an AMP.
• the technical and commercial opportunities for AMP were successfully demonstrated by using the Market Space prototype in an electronic auction application.
• An Agent-based Electronic Commerce Service Platform supports Agent Applications with necessary mechanisms making it fast and easy to implement new types of agent functionality/behaviour for electronic commerce.
• a layered architecture such as the layered model of an Agent- based Service Platform diagrammatically illustrated, in the form of a block diagram, in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings can be used. As illustrated in Figure 2, the different layers of the model are as follows:
• Telia WebButler Telia InfoBroker
• Telia MerchantAssist Telia AgentFind
• Telia Archive Telia Auction.
• Translation from internal representation to the Agent Communication Protocol used between Agents. could, for example, be KQML or something similar.
• Agent-based Market Place (AMP) Service Platform focuses on supporting electronic commerce applications.
• Figure 3 shows examples of messages managed in the Interaction Layer of Figure 2 for an auctioneer application.
• Other messages/event types can be created, if needed, for other applications, such as, index service, credit reporting service etc..
• FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawings diagrammatically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, the general layered architecture for this translation agent.
• AgentFind A new type of index service, provided by Telia, which has similarities with the search engines on the web is called AgentFind.
• AgentFind The role of AgentFind is to inform agents/WebButlers about other agents/WebButlers having corresponding interest profiles, in order to make it possible for those agents to find each other.
• An important difference between AMPS and HTTP-based search engines is that this database will change much more rapidly. It is, therefore, necessary to implement mechanisms in the ACP (Agent Communication Protocol) that support consistency management between the AgentFind database and the interests stored at the users WebButlers.
• ACP Agent Communication Protocol
• Another key issue is the rating mechanism related to the level of conformity between the interest specifications of different
• This mechanism has, for example, to take into consideration if specific parameters have been specified as mandatory, or optional.
• Dual Session Identification is a mechanism which makes it possible to synchronize a real-time session for a user on a commercial Web-site with the dialogue between the user's WebButler and the commercial Web-site's corresponding MerchantAssist functionality. This makes it possible to create personalized real-time promotions etc. based on a user's actual interest profile.
• ACP-HTTP is a mechanism which makes it possible for WebButler and other agents to utilize ordinary http-based information from conventional web-sites.
• Market Integration Agent AMP/ACP to other ACP is a mechanism which makes it possible for agents based on different technical platforms to communicate with each other.
• Agent-based Payment Manager/Adaptor implements the functionality needed for managing payments from autonomous agents.
• Manager mechanisms utilize basic payment mechanisms provided by, for example, SEMPER.
• Agent-based Market Place (AMP) services are as follows:
• Advertisement Box Bookmarks to other agents
• Telia AgentFind index service that links together agents with similar interests
• the Telia WebButler Service has a user friendly interface through which the user can interact with agent-based and conventional WWW-based services on the Internet.
• the service is used through a separate window on the user's computer (see Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings).
• This means that the Telia WebButler can co-operate with other services that the user accesses through TCP/IP, for example, through his/her conventional web-browser (Netscape, Explorer, etc.). It is, however, possible for the Telia WebButler to operate when the owner is disconnected from the network through e-mail EDI messages etc..
• WebButler The benefit of WebButler is that the agent at the user's server and the agent at the visited web-site can communicate interests and transfer basic data between each other. The result is that there is no need for the person concerned to manually type-in requested information at the site. An even larger benefit for the user is that the site knows about the user's interest. This means that the user will be presented with, for him/her, valuable information directly by the site instead of receiving the standard information that all users receive. This is not only an advantage for the user, since commercial web-sites can use this information for relationship marketing, so that this information is valuable for both parties.
• FIG. 5 of the accompany drawings diagrammatically illustrates a User Client Computer and a Merchant's Commercial Web Server. The user can monitor and control his/her personal agent through a separate Telia WebButler
• the primary purpose of the Telia WebButler service is, however, to control and monitor a personal agent which operates on a net-based server.
• This for example, enables the user to specify a negotiation strategy for the agent, trigger-points when the user will be informed/involved in further decisions etc., and to order the agent to begin the negotiation/bidding.
• the user can then disconnect himself/herself from the network and the agent will continue the task it is executing on a server, for example, Telia's server, in the network.
• the agent informs the user by means of the requested media. This could be through a message on the Telia WebButler, for example, complemented with a message on the user's pager, GSM/SMS etc., if the user has identified the trigger-point as urgent.
• the user can then access his WebButler through any available suitable device, to analyze the received information and give the agent further directions.
• the user can of course also elect to finish the bidding etc., manually, after the agent has completed the routine work necessary to reach this important point in the process.
• Figure 6 diagrammatically illustrates the different software modules in the Agent Specific layer implementing, in this case, the WebButler.
• the User Interface of Figure 6 implements a user friendly window on the users screen. It is based on easily understandable icons for processes and events. When the user clicks on the icons, he/she receives more detailed information on current status, collected information etc.. The user can, in addition, easily control the agent's action by specifying trigger-points etc..
• the Interaction Plug-Ins of Figure 6 implement the User Interface to different, or improved, agent applications/behaviour.
• an agent specialized for electronic auctions may include an interface towards index agents necessary to obtain information concerning the location of interesting auctions which include specified items, credit reporting service making sure that the auctioneer's operation is run by a solid company etc..
• the Interaction Plug-Ins therefore, provide basic mechanisms for different kinds of applications/ behaviour.
• the Session Manager of Figure 6 implements the management of the processes necessary to perform the requested tasks. This includes creation of the messages necessary to perform the task, interpretation of received messages, halting the process and notifying the owner of the agent if a trigger-point has been met etc.. The logic necessary to perform the requested tasks is, therefore, implemented in the Session Manager module.
• the Database of Figure 6 manages all data necessary for operating the Personal Agent Service. This includes specifications of the owner's interests upon which the requested missions are based, messages received and transmitted, status information on the sessions, locally stored addresses to agents/agent sites which have worked well during earlier missions etc..
• the database also stores the requested information which the agent collects through the mission in order to be able to present it to the owner as, and when, requested.
• the Telia MerchantAssist includes the necessary functionality for providing realtime personalized promotions to visitors to commercial web sites.
• the mechanisms also support real-time marketing to consumers after a visit to the store.
• the Telia InfoBroker Service includes Telia AgentFind, Telia Archive and Telia Auction.
• Telia MerchantAssist will have an interface to Telia Pay and Telia Distribute.
• AgentFind when requests are made - this makes it possible for companies to identify product areas frequently requested by WebButlers and to compare the market's ability to satisfy the demand.
• Telia Archive stores electronic contracts.
• Telia Distribute integrates necessary functionality for the delivery services.
• the agent based electronic market place to which the present invention relates is based on decentralized services with enhanced value for both the end users and merchants.
• the basic services are Telia WebButler, Telia AgentFind and Telia MerchantAssist.
• AgentFind service helps the user to find which merchants to visit on the web, based on the user's specified interests.
• AgentFind service AgentFind matches users interests and helps the users' WebButlers to find other WebButlers with matching interests.
• the core of AMP is the three services Telia WebButler, Telia AgentFind and Telia MerchantAssist.
• Telia Web Butler is an efficient and convenient tool for end users when selling, or buying, items on the web.
• Telia MerchantAssist is the Merchant's tool that makes it possible to provide individual promotions based on a users specific interests at the time they visit the merchants web store.
• AgentFind is a necessary service for both WebButler and MerchantAssist which facilitates the connection of buyers to sellers. AgentFind acts as a WebBroker, providing an opportunity for Merchants to expose advertisements, to the owner of a WebButler, which relate to the interests submitted to AgentFind.
• the core of the WebButler is the interest editor. This is a dynamic editor based on an inf, relevant questions will be presented on the screen requesting mandatory, or optional, parameters specifying the item.
• This functionality makes it possible for users to specify items for purchase, or sale.
• An advantage with this, for the user is that he/she doesn't need to browse the net forever in order to find sellers/buyers for the specified trade item. Instead, the user finds other users and/or commercial companies with corresponding interests through the AgentFind service. When the user visits an electronic store on the web, he/she will get promotions automatically for the items specified and doesn't need to waste valuable time to find those items in the merchants store.
• the trigger point editor gives the user the ability to specify how far the WebButler will be allowed to act autonomously and when autonomous execution must cease and the control be returned to the user in order to decide how to proceed.
• the user may be informed through the WebButler interface or, alternatively, the user may specify other means of notification for urgent trigger points. This could include, for example, notification through pagers, GSM SPS messages etc.
• the MessageBox is the area in the WebButler user interface where information is displayed about ongoing missions.
• the Advertisement Box is the area in the WebButler user interface where advertisements/banners are displayed. This is a display area on the WebButler that the WebButler operator has an exclusive right to use, similar to the Banner area on search engines like Altavista.
• the AdBox is filled with new advertisements when the WebButler has accessed the AgentFind Service. The advertisements are related to the specified interests, stored in the WebButler, when accessing AgentFind.
• the personal profile provides the possibility for users to store information about name, address, phone/fax numbers, demographic data, long term interests etc.
• the user can protect this information, when needed, by clickr parts of it, is accessible for merchants and other users of WebButlers. This has the advantage that users don't have to type in all their personal information when purchasing an item. The user will also get a more personalized treatment when visiting merchants stores.
• the Book-Marks to other Agents function makes it possible for WebButlers to store addresses to favourite agents, or other WebButlers, or MerchantAssists, which have been received earlier from AgentFind.
• the negotiate functionality makes it possible for Web Butlers and MerchantAssists to negotiate during the purchasing phase of an item. If several participants are involved, the negotiation turns into an electronic auction. Users can select different negotiation strategies, based on their own preferences. It is, therefore, impossible for an individual participant to know the outcome of such a negotiation.
• Plug-In API makes it possible for third party vendors to add sell software for users WebButlers giving them enhanced behaviour and/or functionality. This could include, for example, more powerful negotiation algorithms, functionality for a competence broker etc. Providing this open interface ensures a fast growing penetration for WebButlers.
• Identification may be performed by the use of passwords. However, when negotiation, electronic contracts etc. are deployed, it is necessary to have a more secure identification of users. This can be achieved by the use of smart card identification with certification of authority functionality. In order to make the purchasing phase more efficient, functionality for supporting electronic contracts can be provided.
• WebButler can restrict the functionality of "child" WebButlers. For consumers, it could, for example, be that the children in a household will only be able to purchase items that are not related to violence, pornography etc. In a business environment, it could be, for example, that employees can only purchase items related to the company's operations.
• Telia AgentFind The primary function of Telia AgentFind is to match sell/buy interests. This is done by managing a database with specified sell/buy interests together with the address to the WebButler, or MerchantAssist, that submitted the interest.
• a WebButler When a WebButler, consumer's agent, or MerchantAssist, merchant's agent, submits an interest specification, it will receive information about WebButlers and MerchantAssists with corresponding interests. For each corresponding intl be received. Based on this information, the WebButlers, or MerchantAssists, can access the other agents with the closest corresponding interests.
• Consumers and Merchants can file specified interests with the AgentFind Service.
• Consumer A can thus determine that Merchant 1 has a corresponding interest and Consumer D determines that Merchant 3 has the best match for his/her interests.
• Consumer B may find that Consumer C is the best person to contact with regard to his/her specific interests.
• AgentFind Service The major revenue from the AgentFind Service will probably be made from information brokerage. That is the sale of exposure of advertisements/banners on users WebButlers, based on the specific interests submitted to AgentFind. This is achieved by using the AdBox facility on the WebButler for which AgentFind has exclusive access for advertising promotions.
• AgentFind Another source of revenue for AgentFind is the sale of market statistics. That is information regarding the volume and profile of submitted interests. This information is very valuable for merchants, since it enables them to detect mismatches between market demand for specific products and what is currently on offer. This information can for example be used when a merchant would like to expand sales into new product areas etc.
• Telia MerchantAssist provides Merchants with the opportunity to provide individual promotions when users visit the Merchants Web Store. This is done by synchronizing the users specified interests with the items provided by the electronic stores. If the store has matching items, specific individualised promotions can be provided for the specific customer. The potential can be even greater if the store also matches the interests with the users previous purchases in the store, which are stored in the Customer Database. It is then possible to know if the consumer is an important customer who should receive special treatment.
• the MerchantAssist Service ma-line promotions for the consumer based on the consumer's specified interests which are valid when the store was visited.
• the Telia agent based marketplace provides users with a personal software agent, called a WebButler.
• the WebButler provides support for the user and enables him/her to specify the particular buy, or sell, contracts in which he/she is interested.
• Commercial Merchants can also specify items for sale, in electronic stores, through a MerchantAssist function.
• AgentFind Service The main task of the AgentFind Service is to provide WebButlers and MerchantAssists with information on which other agents (WebButler and MerchantAssists) have corresponding interests. This makes the AgentFind service the natural hub of the agentbased marketplace. In addition to its base function, i.e. to match corresponding interests between agents, AgentFind also provides value added services, such as marketing statistics, information on requested interests, information brokerage & advertisement services etc..
• AgentFind database is continuously updated. Automatic coordination mechanisms are, therefore, needed.
• MerchantAssist can automatically prioritise which of the other agents (WebButler, or MerchantAssist) should be contacted.
• AgentFind Operation of AgentFind is critically dependent on the information structure employed to express users and merchants buying and selling interests. These interests are created by using a dynamic editor which can request additional information based on the trade object that is specified. This makes it convenient for the users to provide meaningful information regarding a specific trade object.
• the WebButler and the MerchantAssist software include a synchronization mechanism for data replication between themselves and AgentFind. This ensures that the stored interests in AgentFind are always updated. If any specified interest is deleted, or modified, the synchronization is made through an "Update of Interest profile" message. This ensures that other WebButlers and MerchantAssists will not receive a recommendation from AgentFind to contact an agent for which the requested interest has been deleted, or modified, in such a way that the interests no longer correspond with each other.
• AgentFind is updated through a "Submit Interests" message.
• the message structure, described above, is illustrated in Figure 7 which clearly shows the relationship between a WebButler, a MerchantAssist and AgentFind.
• the WebButler carries the specified interest of an end user which has been created by the end user using a dynamic interest editor.
• the MerchantAssist carries specifications of items for sale. The description of items and their prices can be changed by a merchant using a dynamic editor, or other suitable mechanism.
• AgentFind has a database which stores consistently updated interest specifications submitted by end users through WebButlers and by merchants through MerchantAssists.
• the message structure operating between WebButlers and AgentFind, and between MerchantAssists and AgentFind is intended to ensure that the data carried by these entities is in agreement, i.e. correlated. As described above, the following messages are used:
• the "Reference to Agents with Corresponding Interest" message is received. It includes a prioritised list of agents with corresponding interests that could look like the example illustrated in Figure 8, where a WebButler is interested in buying a
• Bianchi bicycle The rating gives a measure of the correspondence between the trade object offered for sale and the specification of interest by a potential purchaser, in this case: "A Bianchi Bicycle having at least 21 gears which is not more than 2 years old, costs less than $300 and is preferably green, or blue".
• An essential requirement for finding correspondence between a trade object and a specification of interest, that must be met before making a correspondence rating between the trade object and specification of interest, is that all mandatory parameters must match. That is to say, that the trade object and specification of interest must relate to the same product category and must have the same attributes marked as mandatory. This is important in order to secure short response times for requests to AgentFind.
• the level of correspondence is calculated using the following algorithm
• N Number of optional parameters in the request
• OP(X) Optional parameter.
• Each optional parameter has value 1 in the vector.
• F(X) Priority weight factor for each optional parameter.
• Each element (priority weight factor) in the vector has a possible value between 0 and 1. (It is of course possible for the user to select the default value 1 for all weight factors if he/she feels that all optional parameters are of equal value).
• the parameters for the correspondence calculation are defined by the user using his/her WebButler. This makes it possible for users themselves, or through additional computer programs, Pluglns, connected through the WebButler API, to modify the parameters in order to get a rating result that best suits the individual user and/or application.
• top level parameters are always mandatory i.e. whether a transaction is a purchase, or sale, and the product category - a bicycle in the case of the example illustrated in Figure 8.
• Figure 9 shows an overview of the information stored in the Telia server domain and in the Merchant server.
• Figure 9 shows the way in which interest data is partitioned between the various elements of AgentFind in Telia's server and a merchant's database.
• the WebButler, Logic for AgentFind and the MerchantAssist software in the Telia domain, can be allocated to independent servers. All user specified interests are stored In the User Interest Database, on Telia's server. Only the product category and the key attributes for each trade item that a merchant wishes to offer for sale are stored in the MerchantAssist Database (MA-DB), on Telia's server. These include, for example, attributes such as whether a trade object is offered for sale, or sought for purchase, and geographical location. All other data for the item is stored in the Catalog-DB database on the merchants server.
• AD.DB is a database of advertising material.
• This architecture makes it possible to reduce the number of merchants, having trade items matching a particular interest specification, to a small number, when a request is received by AgentFind, in Telia's Server.
• AgentFind in Telia's Server.
• requests are sent from the WebButler to the merchant's server, in order to collect the additional attributes needed.
• a final answer including references and rating is returned to the user.
• the logic for collecting additional information needed for the rating calculation from merchant servers is allocated to the WebButler.
• an unprioritised list of correlated agents is displayed as soon as AgentFind has made a pre-selection of agents, based on the product categories and key attributes stored in AgentFind.
• a counter shows the progress of the rating process. Since this second phase includes information collection from merchant servers, it can take a considerably longer time to perform. When the data collection is completed, the calculation of rating level is performed locally in the WebButler and presented to the user.
• the MerchantAssist software stored on the merchant's server includes a conversion function. This function converts, when necessary, product data information to the information structure used by AgentFind. It could be, for example, that AgentFind has a set of accepted product classes and attributes for each product class. If the merchant has a more detailed classification of products/attributes, a transformation is performed to convert the merchant's detailed classification to that accepted by AgentFind.
• a user friendly interface is provided to make it easy for merchants to specify these cross-reference tables.
• AgentFind databases for a specific country, or a cluster of countries, when appropriate. It is then possible to automatically remove product categories and attributes not permitted by law or ethics, in a particularly country, or region. This is done by generating a "black" list where non- approved product categories and/or attributes are stored. An automated check with the black list is performed for every new product category/attribute. If a new product category and/or attribute is found on the list, the product category and/or attribute is automatically rejected.
• a user can create a new specification of interest, or edit a purchase request, or sale offer, which has already been submitted to the AgentFind Index Service.
• the user's WebButler will receive information regarding other WebButlers and merchants with correlated interests. As long as the user lets AgentFind store a submitted interest, other users, WebButlers, or merchants, will be notified of the user, if, and/or when, they submit a corresponding interest specification.
• AgentFind When the user edits an interest that has already been submitted to AgentFind, it can be stored locally, if the user doesn't want the new version to be effective on the net. If, however, the user selects the submit, or publish, function, after the editing session, the new version will replace the old one in the AgentFind server. A response will then be received, identifying other users, WebButlers and Merchants with matching interests.
• a user does not wish other users, e.g. WebButlers, or merchants, to be able to identify him/her and connect to him/her, it is possible to submit a purchase request, or sale offer to AgentFind with the storage parameter disconnected - this is done in the WebButler user interface.
• the user receives the same response from AgentFind as when a purchase request, or sale offer is submitted with the storage parameter enabled. That is to say, a list of users, WebButlers and merchants with corresponding interests including a rating of the correspondence. It will, however, not be possible for other WebButlers and Merchants to submit interests to AgentFind and get a reference to this user, or WebButler, based on the submitted interest, since it is not stored.
• the terms WebButler and MerchantAssist are intended to refer to agents associated with end users, or consumers, and merchants respectively, and should not be interpreted as carrying any connotation limiting them to a particular service provider, such as Telia.

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• 1998
  • 1998-04-03 SE SE9801181A patent/SE9801181L/sv not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1999
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