WO1999041499A1 - Moteur a piston axial rotatif hydraulique - Google Patents

Moteur a piston axial rotatif hydraulique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999041499A1
WO1999041499A1 PCT/SE1999/000186 SE9900186W WO9941499A1 WO 1999041499 A1 WO1999041499 A1 WO 1999041499A1 SE 9900186 W SE9900186 W SE 9900186W WO 9941499 A1 WO9941499 A1 WO 9941499A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder barrel
cylinders
pistons
ports
inlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1999/000186
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Filip Alm
Original Assignee
Parker Hannifin Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Parker Hannifin Ab filed Critical Parker Hannifin Ab
Priority to KR1020007008900A priority Critical patent/KR20010040962A/ko
Priority to EP99906661A priority patent/EP1055067A1/fr
Publication of WO1999041499A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999041499A1/fr
Priority to US09/633,024 priority patent/US6358018B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2064—Housings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2035—Cylinder barrels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03C—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/06—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F03C1/0636—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F03C1/0644—Component parts
    • F03C1/0647—Particularities in the contacting area between cylinder barrel and valve plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03C—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/06—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F03C1/0636—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F03C1/0644—Component parts
    • F03C1/0663—Casings, housings
    • F03C1/0665—Cylinder barrel bearing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/122—Details or component parts, e.g. valves, sealings or lubrication means
    • F04B1/124—Pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/128—Driving means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2078—Swash plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/10—Kind or type
    • F05B2210/11—Kind or type liquid, i.e. incompressible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S417/00—Pumps

Definitions

  • a hydraulic rotating axial piston engine A hydraulic rotating axial piston engine.
  • the present invention relates to a hydraulic rotating axial piston engine, having a housing, enclosing a rotatable cylinder barrel, having a number of axial cylinders with a number of reciprocating pistons, said pistons reciprocating between two defined end positions, said pistons cooperating by means of piston rods with spherical recesses in an angled plate in order to obtain said reciprocating move ⁇ ment, said pistons being inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the cylinders, said cylinders having ports alternatingly acting as inlet and outlet ports, said housing having at least one inlet and outlet channel, each having a kidney shaped port, facing towards said inlet and outlet ports of said cylinder barrel, communicating with a number of said ports at said barrel, said cylinder barrel be i ng rotatable relative to a first axis, which is inclined relative to a second axis of an input/output shaft, said angled plate being rotatable together with said input/out ⁇ put shaft around said second axis, said
  • Each of said cylinders is provided with a channel, which alternatingly communicates with an inlet port or an outlet port in a housing.
  • the engine is provided with synchronizing means of the type of tooth gear transmission.
  • This type of synchronizing means has backlash which in connection with prior art engines may cause noise, vibrations and power losses.
  • the drawings show a longitudinal cross sectional view showing that the pistons and cylinders in the cylinder barrel are not positioned diametrically opposite to each other.
  • Prior known hydraulic rotating axial piston engines, having synchronizing means having backlash are namely provided with an uneven number of pistons and cylinders.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic rotating axial piston engine of the above discussed typ having reduced noise level and reduced vibrations .
  • the present object is obtained by means of an engine according to the present invention which is characterized in the combination that said cylinders and pistons being an even number and are positioned pairwise diametrically opposite to each other and that said synchronizing means having a synchronizing torque which during the whole rotation of the cylinder barrel is directed in substantially one single direction, and in that the ports of said housing and said cylinder barrel ports are arranged to substantially simultaneously discharge and pressurize the pistons in diametrically opposite cylinders.
  • Fig. 1 shows an axial section of a pump according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of a connecting part of the pump as seen separately from the inside
  • Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of the pump along the lines III-III in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4 corresponds to Fig. 2, having cylinder barrel ports indicated with dotted and dashed lines
  • Fig. 5 shows a diagram over the synchronizing torque in an engine according to prior art
  • Fig. 6 shows a diagram over the synchronizing torque in the engine according to the present invention.
  • the hydraulic rotating piston engine according to the present invention is shown in a preferred embodiment in Fig. 1 which shows the general parts of a pump.
  • the pump is an axial piston pump 1 having a housing 2 which is comprised by at least two parts, in the shown example three parts, namely a housing part 3 and a connecting part 4, having connecting openings, namely an inlet opening 5 and an outlet opening 6 for connecting input and output conduits for hydraulic fluid to the pump.
  • a third part 7 of the housing is a support part of the input shaft 8 which is provided to be connected with a drive motor, not shown.
  • the pump is of a so called bent axis type, having a first rotational axis 9, forming a rotational axis for the input shaft 8 and a second rotational axis 10 inclined relative to the first axis by an angle of for example 40°.
  • the second rotational axis is an axis for a cylinder barrel 11 which is rotatably journalled in the housing.
  • the cylinder barrel 11 has a number of axially extending pistons 12, movable axially, i.e. substantially in parallel with the axis 10 in a reciprocating movement in a corresponding number of cylinders 13, also extending axially with the axis 10, and circumferentially equally spaced along a circle line 14, see Fig. 3.
  • Each cylinder 13 has a fluid passage 15 with a port 16 in the planar end surface 17 of the cylinder barrel 11.
  • Each opening 16 has preferably its largest length along the peripheral circle line 14 and are preferably kidney-shaped. From Fig. 1 it is further apparent that each piston 12 has a piston rod 18 having spherical heads 19, supported in spherical bearing surfaces, forming recesses 20 in a swash plate 21 or angled plate which forms an integral part of the input shaft 8.
  • the spherical recesses 20 are rotatably arranged around a radial plane which is angled relative to the radial plane of the cylinder barrel 11 which results in the reciproca- ting movement of the pistons 12 and the pumping action according to a prior known principle, in order to create vacuum i.e. suction in the inlet opening 5 and pressure in the outlet opening 6, see for example US patent No. 5,176,066.
  • the cooperation between the pistons 12 and the recesses 20 creates a driving torque in the swash plate 21, which is tranferred to the input shaft 8.
  • Synchronizing means are arranged in order to synchronize the rotational movements of the cylinder barrel with the rotation of the swash plate 21 so that the piston rods 18 will maintain their correct directions.
  • the synchronizing means are made in the form of tooth gear formed by a tooth wheel rim 22 on the cylinder barrel cooperating with a tooth wheel 23 of the input shaft 8.
  • a support pin 24 supports the cylinder barrel 11 along the axis 10 cooperating with a shaft 25 which forms the rotational axis 10 and projects through a bore 26 of the cylinder barrel and supported in a bore 26' of the connecting piece 4 of the housing.
  • each piston rod 18 will deviate from the longitudinal axis 13' of the cylinder in which the piston rod performs a reciprocating movement.
  • the longitudinal axis 18' is also the symmetrical axis of each piston which together with its rod will be inclined in each cylinder 13. This inclination depends on the fact that the bearing surfaces 20 are arranged along a circle line in the swash plate 21.
  • Fig. 2 shows the connecting part 4 of the housing separately and from the inside.
  • the connecting part 4 has on its inside a substantially planar, circular surface 27 which in the mounted position is faced to the planar surface 17 of the cylinder barrel 11.
  • the two planar surfaces 17, 27 are arranged to contact each other with a sealing fit.
  • On its inside the connecting part 4 is provided with one inlet port 28 and one outlet port 29, which are kidney-shaped. Between said two surfaces friction arises, which creates a torque, which the synchronizing torque is supposed to compensate for.
  • the inlet port 28 communicates through a channel with the inlet opening 5 and the inner outlet opening 29 communicates through a separate channel with the outlet opening 6 on the outside of the connecting part 4.
  • the inlet and outlet port 28, 29 extend along a peripheral circle line 30 which has a corresponding radius as the circle line 14 of the openings 16 of the cylinder barrel 11.
  • the inlet and outlet opening 28, 29 extend on each half of said circle line 30, separated by a main plane 31 extending through the connecting part 4.
  • the inlet and outlet ports 28, 29 are further divided by a second main plane 32 extending 90° relative to the first main plane 31.
  • One of these main planes can be a symmetrical plane for the connecting part 4.
  • the inlet and outlet port 28, 29 further extend along the circle line 30 along a predetermined peripheral angle which in the shown example is somewhat larger for the inlet opening 5 than for the outlet opening 6 and are arranged so that simultaneously more than one cylinder port 16 communicate with the inlet port 28 and the outlet port 29 respectively.
  • the inlet and outlet ports 28, 29, one of them or both, can be provided with slit extensions 6', the ends of which determine the total angular extension of the inlet and outlet ports.
  • the inlet and the outlet ports 28, 29 have the same angular extension.
  • the inlet and outlet ports are symmetrically positioned relative to each other.
  • the angular extension can differ between the ports. They may also be positioned without symmetry.
  • the connecting part 4 is provided with connecting means for connecting the connecting part in a chosen position with the housing part 3. This is accomplished by means of screws 33, see Fig. 1, extending through holes 34 in the connecting part, see Fig.
  • Figs. 3 From the sections according to Figs. 3 the arrangement of the cylinders 13 in the cylinder barrel 11 is shown.
  • the cylinders are according to the present invention an even number, for example six cylinders which are pairwise diametrically positioned opposite to each other, arranged symmetrically relative to a diameter 38 extending through the cylinder barrel.
  • Fig. 4 the connecting part 4 according to Fig. 2 is shown and also it is indicated by means of dotted and dashed lines the arrangement of the ports 16 in the end surface 17 of the cylinder barrel 11.
  • the ports 16 are circumeferencially equally spaced along a circle line which may be the same circle line 14 as for the cylinders 13.
  • the cylinder ports 16 are pairwise diametrically arranged opposite to each other i.e.
  • the number of cylinder ports 16 is an even number, in the shown example six ports.
  • the pistons move between their lower dead point LDP and upper dead point UPD which occurs for each piston in a predetermined angular position relative to the angular positions of the inlet and outlet ports 28, 29. Said angular positions are chosen so that the ports of said housing, i.e. of the connecting part 4, and the cylinder barrel ports 16, 16' are arranged to substantially simultaneously discharge and pressurize the hydraulic fluid acting on pistons 12 in diametrically opposite cylinders 13a, 13b.
  • synchronizing means having backlash is universal joint of tripoid synchronization and a conical pistons synchronizing means which can be utilized as alternatives to the tooth gear transmission as shown.
  • the piston or their rods have conical surfaces contacting the cylindrical surfaces of the cylinders. During the rotation of the engine the conical surface will maintain a linear roll contact. Different pistons will maintain contact in different directions in their respective cylinders, which is utilized to synchronize the cylinder barrel with the swash plate.
  • An example of this type of synchronization is described in CH 592 812.
  • Fig. 5 shows a diagram over the synchronizing torque of the synchronizing means of the type discussed above but utilized in a prior known engine having an uneven number of cylinders, namely five cylinders. From the diagram it is apparent that the torque is bidirectional, causing noise, vibrations and power losses. As mentioned above one large contribution to bidirectional torque is the torque caused by the fact that the piston rods are inclined in their cylinders.
  • Fig. 6 shows a diagram over the synchronizing torque in the engine according to the present invention having an even number of cylinders, for example six cylinders. From this diagram it is apparent that the torque is unidirectional, being directed in substantially one single direction. The lowered noise level and vibration level and reduction of power losses is surprisingly large in the engine according to the present invention.
  • the invention is not restricted to the above described and in the drawings shown embodiments .
  • a different number of cylinders and synchronization can be utilized.
  • eight or ten cylinders can be utilized.
  • the same principle can also be utilized for a hydaulic motor in which the inlet port of the housing is connected to a pressurized hydraulic source and the shaft 8 is an output shaft transmitting power torque to a machine to be driven by the hydraulic motor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)

Abstract

Un moteur (1) à piston axial rotatif hydraulique comprend un carter (2) dans lequel est enfermé un corps (11) de cylindre rotatif comportant plusieurs cylindres axiaux (13a,13b) et plusieurs pistons alternatifs (12). Les pistons effectuent un mouvement de va-et-vient entre deux positions de fin de course définies et sont associés à une plaque inclinée (21) pour produire ledit mouvement alternatif. Les cylindres (13a,13b) sont dotés d'orifices (16) faisant alternativement office de points d'entrée et de sortie et le carter comporte au moins deux passages d'entrée et de sortie (5,6) en forme de poche qui sont orientés vers les points d'entrée et de sortie du corps de cylindre et qui communiquent avec plusieurs points au niveau du corps. Le corps (11) de cylindre peut tourner par rapport à un premier axe (10) qui est incliné par rapport à un deuxième axe (9) d'un arbre (8) de commande/mené, la plaque inclinée pouvant tourner en même temps que l'arbre (8) de commande/mené autour du deuxième axe. La rotation du corps de cylindre et la rotation de l'arbre (8) de commande/secondaire sont synchronisées au moyen d'un dispositif de synchronisation. La combinaison des cylindres et des pistons forme un nombre pair et le dispositif de synchronisation présente un couple de synchronisation qui pendant toute la rotation du corps de cylindre est orienté sensiblement dans une seule direction.
PCT/SE1999/000186 1998-02-13 1999-02-12 Moteur a piston axial rotatif hydraulique WO1999041499A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020007008900A KR20010040962A (ko) 1998-02-13 1999-02-12 유압식 회전형의 축방향 피스톤 엔진
EP99906661A EP1055067A1 (fr) 1998-02-13 1999-02-12 Moteur a piston axial rotatif hydraulique
US09/633,024 US6358018B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2000-08-04 Hydraulic rotating axial piston engine

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9800411A SE9800411L (sv) 1998-02-13 1998-02-13 Hydraulisk roterande axialkolvmaskin
SE9800411-2 1998-02-13

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/633,024 Continuation US6358018B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2000-08-04 Hydraulic rotating axial piston engine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999041499A1 true WO1999041499A1 (fr) 1999-08-19

Family

ID=20410159

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1999/000186 WO1999041499A1 (fr) 1998-02-13 1999-02-12 Moteur a piston axial rotatif hydraulique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1055067A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20010040962A (fr)
SE (1) SE9800411L (fr)
WO (1) WO1999041499A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE431897B (sv) * 1976-02-17 1984-03-05 Teleflex Inc Axialkolvpump
US4920860A (en) * 1987-09-18 1990-05-01 Volvo Hydraulik Ab Device for biasing a cylinder drum of a variable-displacement axial piston machine against an associated slide valve member
EP0567805A1 (fr) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-03 Voac Hydraulics Ab Palier pour deux éléments de construction incliné dans une boîte

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE431897B (sv) * 1976-02-17 1984-03-05 Teleflex Inc Axialkolvpump
US4920860A (en) * 1987-09-18 1990-05-01 Volvo Hydraulik Ab Device for biasing a cylinder drum of a variable-displacement axial piston machine against an associated slide valve member
EP0567805A1 (fr) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-03 Voac Hydraulics Ab Palier pour deux éléments de construction incliné dans une boîte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1055067A1 (fr) 2000-11-29
SE9800411D0 (sv) 1998-02-13
KR20010040962A (ko) 2001-05-15
SE9800411L (sv) 1999-08-14

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