WO1999037162A1 - Method for preparing cheese - Google Patents
Method for preparing cheese Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999037162A1 WO1999037162A1 PCT/NL1999/000032 NL9900032W WO9937162A1 WO 1999037162 A1 WO1999037162 A1 WO 1999037162A1 NL 9900032 W NL9900032 W NL 9900032W WO 9937162 A1 WO9937162 A1 WO 9937162A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- milk
- cheese
- phase
- nanofiltration
- carried out
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/02—Making cheese curd
- A23C19/05—Treating milk before coagulation; Separating whey from curd
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/02—Making cheese curd
- A23C19/028—Making cheese curd without substantial whey separation from coagulated milk
- A23C19/0285—Making cheese curd without substantial whey separation from coagulated milk by dialysis or ultrafiltration
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for preparing - cheese .
- Dutch patent application 6503328 describes a method for preparing cheese in which milk first undergoes a three-fold concentration by evaporation.
- the cold concentrated milk is treated with rennet and instantaneously coagulated with warm water, the resulting product being diluted to a concentration similar to that of the original milk.
- a drawback of this method is that an additional washing step is required when specific cheese varieties of the semihard type are prepared. In fact, the lactose content of the curd obtained during coagulation is too high. This washing step not only means an additional operation during the manufacturing process but also results in the desired higher yield not being attained.
- the concentration effected according to the above Dutch patent application takes place, as stated, by removing two thirds of the milk volume in the form of condensate. Later in the process, a similar amount of water is added again so that during coagulation an amount of whey, or resembling liquid, is produced, which amount is comparable to the amount of whey obtained in a more conventional process.
- the concentration of the milk takes place by evaporation, which is an additional process step costing much energy.
- French patent 2,052,121 discloses the so-called MMV process.
- a membrane process is used to concentrate the milk previous to the actual cheesemaking until the composition of the desired cheese has been reached.
- the concentration is effected up to a very high concentration factor, e.g. up to 8. Rennet and starter are added to the resulting concentrate.
- the coagulating process is then carried out at room temperature, disallowing the formation of separate curd particles.
- the concentrated milk can be
- the MMV process is known to give a product deviating from conventional cheese in which the whey proteins are present. Furthermore, the MMV process has only been found suitable for the preparation of soft cheeses.
- U.S. patent 4,948,599 relates to a preparation of cheese in which milk is concentrated by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. This method has the drawback that the 3
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for preparing cheese in which a high yield is realized, and in which the above prior art problems do not occur.
- the invention therefore relates to a method for preparing cheese, comprising the steps of: a) concentrating milk by means of reverse osmosis or nanofiltration in combination with ultrafiltration and optionally diafiltration and/or microfiltration to form a concentrated milk having a content of casein which is 2-4 times higher than said content of the milk; b) adding rennet to the concentrated milk and accomplishing a first phase of a coagulating process at reduced temperature in which K casein is split and a precoagulated milk is obtained; c) carrying out a second phase of a coagulating process in which the precoagulated milk is heated to obtain a curd; d) draining the curd; and e) forming the cheese.
- the composition of the final retentate can be controlled very well.
- the mineral content in the retentate is increased so that in the cheese to be prepared this content can also become higher than in conventional cheesemaking.
- the lactose content in the retentate is increased less than the protein content. The desired lactose content of the curd can then be readily adjusted by using a lactose-free warm liquid during 4
- the lactose-free permeate of the reverse osmosis or the nanofiltration can be excellently ⁇ used.
- This control of the lactose content is of special importance in the production of semihard cheese.
- the method according to the invention is energetically very favorable and gives higher yields than the methods in which no concentrated milk is used.
- the composition of the concentrate to be obtained can be adjusted. In particular, this enables adjustment of the lactose content. Consequently, the washing of the curd obtained later in the process can be avoided, even when semihard cheese varieties are prepared.
- the amount of whey, or resembling liquid, released during coagulation can be kept low. Moreover, it is advantageous that only a moderate concentration needs to be effected. Consequently, milk that has not been previously skimmed and therefore still contains a normal amount of milk fat can also be concentrated with conventional membrane types without causing serious damage to the milk fat globules. Moreover, it has been found that the present method can be carried out by means of very simple apparatus, and that the method is very flexible, namely by mixing a stream of cold retentate with a stream of warm liquid.
- the starting material for the present method is constituted by milk.
- This milk may be both raw milk and a previously completely or partly skimmed milk or standardized milk.
- the milk may also be previously thermized. According to the nature of the desired final product a skilled worker will be capable of selecting a suitable pretreatment for the starting material .
- milk is conventionally received and stored in a tank for raw milk.
- This milk may optionally be standardized for the desired fat 5
- the milk is skimmed by centrifugation and the resulting skim milk is added to the rest of the whole milk.
- This whole milk and the skim milk may then be thermized, e.g. at 65°C for 10 seconds.
- the milk may also be standardized by adding cream to the milk. After thermizing the milk is cooled and stored in a tank. Subsequently, the milk is concentrated by means of membrane filtration until the casein content is increased 2-4 times, preferably about 3 times, when compared to the casein content in the original milk.
- the membrane filtration is carried out at a temperature below 20°C, more preferably between 0 and 10°C.
- Different types of membrane filtration such as reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration or microfiltration, are eligible.
- reverse osmosis or a nanofiltration is carried out first, followed by ultrafiltration and optionally diafiltration and/or microfiltration.
- different membranes may further be selected.
- the milk may be partly concentrated with a specific type of membrane, after which the final desired degree of concentration is reached with another type of membrane.
- the selection thereof may be connected, inter alia, with the desired lactose concentration in the concentrate (also referred to as retentate) , which lactose concentration, in turn, depends on the cheese variety considered for preparation and the dilution obtained in the subsequent coagulating process.
- the desired lactose concentration in the concentrate also referred to as retentate
- lactose concentration depends on the cheese variety considered for preparation and the dilution obtained in the subsequent coagulating process.
- a two-step concentration may be advantageously used, e.g. by first nanofiltering and then ultrafiltering. During nanofiltration the amount of the permeate removed may suitably be about half of the volume of the milk before concentration. Then the retentate may be further concentrated w ) N) t I- 1 ⁇ i o ⁇ i o ⁇ _ ⁇ O ( l tr ⁇ CQ t ⁇ tr CQ ⁇ Hi rt 3 rt ⁇ ⁇ tr 3 3 rt ⁇ ⁇ 3 ft ) P ) ⁇ - ft ) ⁇ ft rt tr
- the curd flakes are separated in a known manner from the liquid present (drained) and collected to a curd block. This may be achieved by using, e.g., a Casomatic ® . According to the invention it is not necessary to cut the curd. Pressing and salting the cheese may be effected in a conventional manner. If required, as in the case of cheese varieties such as nature-ripened Gouda cheese, waiting for a somewhat longer time is often required before the cheese is salted so that a sufficiently low pH is yet attained in the cheese by acidification.
- the product obtained after carrying out a method according to the invention is a traditional cheese or a product resembling traditional cheese, depending on the selected conditions. Due to an optimum coagulation and syneresis, the ready cheese has a protein content that may be just as high as that of a product of classical cheesemaking.
- the advantages of the invention are particularly obtained when a semihard cheese, such as Gouda cheese, is prepared.
- Fig. 1 shows the procedure for a preferred embodiment of the invention. The figure does not show how a nanofiltration is carried out first. The retentate of this step is subjected to an ultrafiltration, which step is not shown either. Thus the procedure is continued with an ultrafiltration retentate, which is actually a nanofiltration-ultrafiltration retentate, and with a nanofiltration permeate.
- the resulting ⁇ F permeate (1) is continuously heated to the desired temperature via a plate heat exchanger (2) and flows through a wide pipe (4) .
- an air relief cock (3) may be arranged to enable removal of air, if any, which may be particularly necessary when the process is started up.
- the discharge of the whey curd (11) is kept sufficiently high (over a bucket (7) with stirrer (8) ) , the system always remains filled.
- a sieving element (5) is preferably arranged to obtain as equal a flow as possible over the 10
- the precoagulated cold ⁇ F-UF retentate (10) distributed over one or more tubes each having a small cross-section (6) , is continuously metered in the direction of flow of the permeate.
- the outflowing concentrate coagulates and remains visible over some distance as a strand.
- these "strands" are broken to curd particles.
- the constriction is arranged to obtain an increase in the velocity so as to be less hindered in the subsequent part by local accumulations of curd particles.
- the whey curd is collected in a bucket (7) optionally provided with a stirrer (8) to further treat the curd, if desired.
- the curd is then collected in the conventional manner and pressed into a cheese vat .
- Raw RMO milk was thermized (at 65°C for 10 seconds) , bactofugated and cooled to 4°C. After thermizing and bactofugating a portion was skimmed centrifugally, and after cooling the resulting skim milk was added to the rest of the thermized and cooled whole milk of the same batch of RMO milk to obtain the correct standardization of the fat content (in relation to the protein content) for Gouda cheese.
- the milk contained 3.56% fat, 3.41% crude protein, 4.48% lactose at pH 6.69.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ506498A NZ506498A (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1999-01-18 | Method for preparing cheese using the step of reverse osmosis or nanofiltration in combination with ultrafiltration |
EP99900716A EP1049380A1 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1999-01-18 | Method for preparing cheese |
AU19862/99A AU1986299A (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1999-01-18 | Method for preparing cheese |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1008115A NL1008115C2 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1998-01-23 | Method for preparing cheese. |
NL1008115 | 1998-01-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999037162A1 true WO1999037162A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
Family
ID=19766406
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL1999/000032 WO1999037162A1 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1999-01-18 | Method for preparing cheese |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1049380A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1986299A (en) |
NL (1) | NL1008115C2 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ506498A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999037162A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1545226A2 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2005-06-29 | Select Milk Producers, Inc. | Dairy compositions and method of making |
WO2006066332A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-29 | Murray Goulburn Co-Operative Co Limited | Method of manufacture of a modified milk powder suitable as a rennet casein extender or replacer |
EP2649884A1 (en) | 2012-04-10 | 2013-10-16 | Kraft Foods R & D, Inc. | Process for producing cream cheese |
CN104028129A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-10 | 酒泉职业技术学院 | Automatic dissolving apparatus for production of casein and automatic dissolving method |
US9055752B2 (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2015-06-16 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Shelf-stable concentrated dairy liquids and methods of forming thereof |
US9510606B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2016-12-06 | Fairlife, Llc | Method of making dairy compositions |
FR3042686A1 (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-04-28 | Lactimont | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CHEESE, FRESH PASTA TYPE CHEESE, MOLLE PASTE OR PRESSED PASTE OBTAINED IN PARTICULAR FROM SAID PROCESS |
WO2017108267A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | System and process for increasing solids content of skim milk or whey |
US10721940B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2020-07-28 | Kraft Food Group Brands Llc | Methods for reducing viscosity and delaying onset of cold gelation of high solids concentrated milk products |
US11490629B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2022-11-08 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | High solids concentrated dairy liquids |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB933264A (en) * | 1959-04-27 | 1963-08-08 | Nils Finn Bisgaard | Improvements in and relating to a method for the production of foam material, and a mixing apparatus for carrying out the said method |
GB1094440A (en) * | 1965-07-14 | 1967-12-13 | Alfa Laval Ab | Method of cheesemaking |
GB1202723A (en) * | 1967-03-20 | 1970-08-19 | Nat Res Dev | Process for the continuous production of curd |
US3886973A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1975-06-03 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Production of a variegated product |
GB1498437A (en) * | 1974-05-29 | 1978-01-18 | Laguilharre P | Method of manufacturing cheeses |
FR2442592A1 (en) * | 1978-06-14 | 1980-06-27 | Bel Fromageries | Cheese mfr. using retentate from milk ultrafiltration - by rennet treatment at low temp. then heating to coagulate |
JPS6227030A (en) * | 1985-07-26 | 1987-02-05 | Reika Kogyo Kk | Ejector device |
US4655127A (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1987-04-07 | Pasilac A/S | Apparatus for producing acid and heat coagulated types of cheese |
US4948599A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1990-08-14 | Snow Brand Milk Products Co., Ltd. | Continuous production process of cheese curds and production process of cheese therefrom |
US5165945A (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1992-11-24 | Schreiber Foods, Inc. | Cheese and process and system for making it |
-
1998
- 1998-01-23 NL NL1008115A patent/NL1008115C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-01-18 WO PCT/NL1999/000032 patent/WO1999037162A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-18 EP EP99900716A patent/EP1049380A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-01-18 AU AU19862/99A patent/AU1986299A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-01-18 NZ NZ506498A patent/NZ506498A/en unknown
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB933264A (en) * | 1959-04-27 | 1963-08-08 | Nils Finn Bisgaard | Improvements in and relating to a method for the production of foam material, and a mixing apparatus for carrying out the said method |
GB1094440A (en) * | 1965-07-14 | 1967-12-13 | Alfa Laval Ab | Method of cheesemaking |
GB1202723A (en) * | 1967-03-20 | 1970-08-19 | Nat Res Dev | Process for the continuous production of curd |
US3886973A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1975-06-03 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Production of a variegated product |
GB1498437A (en) * | 1974-05-29 | 1978-01-18 | Laguilharre P | Method of manufacturing cheeses |
FR2442592A1 (en) * | 1978-06-14 | 1980-06-27 | Bel Fromageries | Cheese mfr. using retentate from milk ultrafiltration - by rennet treatment at low temp. then heating to coagulate |
US4655127A (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1987-04-07 | Pasilac A/S | Apparatus for producing acid and heat coagulated types of cheese |
JPS6227030A (en) * | 1985-07-26 | 1987-02-05 | Reika Kogyo Kk | Ejector device |
US5165945A (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1992-11-24 | Schreiber Foods, Inc. | Cheese and process and system for making it |
US4948599A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1990-08-14 | Snow Brand Milk Products Co., Ltd. | Continuous production process of cheese curds and production process of cheese therefrom |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
P. SCHKODA: "Das neue FML-Frischkäseverfahren", DEUTSCHE MILCHWIRTSCHAFT, vol. 48, no. 2, 1997, pages 36 - 41, XP002101132 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 202 (C - 432) 30 June 1987 (1987-06-30) * |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9510606B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2016-12-06 | Fairlife, Llc | Method of making dairy compositions |
US11083206B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2021-08-10 | Fairlife, Llc | Methods of making dairy compositions |
JP2005537011A (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2005-12-08 | セレクト ミルク プロデューサーズ, インク. | Dairy composition and method for producing the same |
US10390542B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2019-08-27 | Fairlife, Llc | Dairy compositions and method of making |
US10455846B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2019-10-29 | Fairlife, Llc | Dairy compositions and method of making |
EP1545226A2 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2005-06-29 | Select Milk Producers, Inc. | Dairy compositions and method of making |
EP1545226A4 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2005-11-09 | Select Milk Producers Inc | Dairy compositions and method of making |
US10455845B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2019-10-29 | Fairlife, Llc | Dairy compositions and method of making |
US7169428B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2007-01-30 | Select Milk Producers Inc. | Dairy compositions and method of making |
US9538770B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2017-01-10 | Fairlife, Llc | Method of making dairy compositions |
US10595541B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2020-03-24 | Fairlife, Llc | Dairy compositions and method of making |
US11064710B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2021-07-20 | Fairlife, Llc | Method of making dairy compositions |
WO2006066332A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-29 | Murray Goulburn Co-Operative Co Limited | Method of manufacture of a modified milk powder suitable as a rennet casein extender or replacer |
US9055752B2 (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2015-06-16 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Shelf-stable concentrated dairy liquids and methods of forming thereof |
US11490629B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2022-11-08 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | High solids concentrated dairy liquids |
US10721940B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2020-07-28 | Kraft Food Group Brands Llc | Methods for reducing viscosity and delaying onset of cold gelation of high solids concentrated milk products |
EP2649884A1 (en) | 2012-04-10 | 2013-10-16 | Kraft Foods R & D, Inc. | Process for producing cream cheese |
US9775366B2 (en) | 2012-04-10 | 2017-10-03 | Kraft Foods R & D, Inc. | Process for producing cream cheese |
CN104028129A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-10 | 酒泉职业技术学院 | Automatic dissolving apparatus for production of casein and automatic dissolving method |
WO2017072433A1 (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-04 | Lactimont | Process for producing cheese from skimmed milk, fresh, soft or pressed cheese obtained from said process |
FR3042686A1 (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-04-28 | Lactimont | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CHEESE, FRESH PASTA TYPE CHEESE, MOLLE PASTE OR PRESSED PASTE OBTAINED IN PARTICULAR FROM SAID PROCESS |
CN108472591A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2018-08-31 | 利乐拉瓦尔集团及财务有限公司 | System and method for the solid content for increasing skimmed milk or whey |
WO2017108267A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | System and process for increasing solids content of skim milk or whey |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1986299A (en) | 1999-08-09 |
NL1008115C2 (en) | 1999-07-26 |
EP1049380A1 (en) | 2000-11-08 |
NZ506498A (en) | 2003-04-29 |
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