MACHINE FOR PACKAGING A PLURALITY OF ARTICLES IN A CARTON, AND
METHOD OF FORMING A CARTON
This invention relates to a packaging machine which is especially suitable for
processing multiple package cartons from blank form to completed filled multiple unit cartons and to a method of forming such cartons. The machine can be readily adjusted
to accommodate a wide range of carton sizes without undue time being taken to adapt
the machine for running one size of carton to running a different size of carton.
The majority of known packaging machines are dedicated machines which construct
only one size or one type of carton. Therefore, it is necessary to use a plurality of packaging machines to package different carton types, each machine taking up considerable floor space and being expensive to both purchase and operate.
In packaging machines which are required to construct cartons comprising internal
compartments for holding a given number of articles, the construction of these cartons is usually complex and often dictates the speed of the machine . What is required is a
packaging machine which can construct compartments within a carton with a minimum
number of folding operations.
A further problem arises when loading the articles into the compartments and in
particular where those compartments are in a spaced arrangement. It is known to
provide article metering mechanisms which continuously load a group of articles into
cartons, for example, wrap-around cartons used in beverage multiple packs. However,
where carton compartments are in a spaced relationship, it is necessary for some form of article grouping to be adapted.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a packaging machine which
overcomes the technical and commercial disadvantages of known packaging machines.
In cartons where a display portion is provided, it is often desirable for display indicia to
be shown through the display portion. The majority of known packaging machines are
not able to orientate the display indicia on an article, for example, a label, so that it can be displayed. A limited number of packaging machines incorporate equipment to
orientate the containers. However, this equipment is usually complex or extremely
costly for example, use of survey motors or optic fibre and a printed colour spot on the label to identify (i) a suitable reference point and (ii) to align the reference point at the
correct position.
Thus it is a further object of the present invention to provide a mechanism for incorporation into a packaging machine which is capable of orienting containers for
example, batteries, using equipment which is relatively inexpensive and simple.
According to a first aspect of the invention there comprises a packaging machine for
loading a plurality of articles into a carton which mechanism comprises carton erecting
means for partly erecting said carton to define a first article receiving cell, means for
selecting a group of articles comprising at least two articles, means for separating said
grouped articles from an adjacent like group of articles, means for loading said grouped
articles into said first article receiving cell through an open end thereof in the packaged carton and a means for completing the construction of the carton.
According to an optional feature of this aspect of the invention said carton erecting
means comprises a device which effects a change in configuration of the carton from an
inoperative configuration in which said first article receiving cell is formed to receive
said grouped articles.
According to another option of this aspect of the invention, said carton erecting means
comprises complementary die members, each said die member being mounted to a
rotating wheel wherein each said complementing die member is adapted to interengage when a blank is positioned between the two members, such that said die members cause
the blank to be folded to define said article receiving cells. Preferably one of said complementing members comprises a protruding portion extending from a working
face of the complementing member and wherein the other said complementing member comprises a recessed portion adapted to receive said protruding portion and wherein the
blank is placed on said receiving member and wherein the protruding portion forces
part of the blank into said receiving portion.
According to another feature of this aspect of the invention said selecting means
comprises a plurality of channels mounted on an endless chain which said channels are
grouped to correspond to the number of articles to be placed into said first article
receiving cell and wherein the channels are adapted to substantially align each said
article with said first article receiving cell.
According to another feature of this aspect of the invention, the carton comprises a
second article receiving cell formed by said carton erecting means in a spaced relationship to said first article receiving cell wherein said grouped channels comprise
at least two channels in substantially parallel relationship to one another wherein said at
least two channels are adapted to diverge into a plurality of sub-groups wherein each said sub-group is spaced to align an article held in each said sub-group with one of said
article receiving cells.
Optionally, the packaging machine of this aspect of the invention may further comprise
a conveyor including means to convey the articles and means to regulate the flow of
articles to enable the articles to be aligned with each said carton.
A second aspect of the invention provides a method of loading a plurality of articles into a carton whilst the articles and carton are moved in a synchronised manner and in a continuous forward direction comprising the following steps: i) transferring carton blank from a stowed position and erecting said blank; ii) selecting a group of articles to be loaded into said carton
iii) synchronously associating an article receiving cell formed from the blank with a given number of said grouped articles by sideways movement of said
articles;
iv) transferring a carton and loading said grouped articles into a carton
through an open end thereof.
A third aspect of the invention provides a mechanism for forming a carton including a
pair of article receiving cells comprising complementary die members, each said die
member being mounted to a rotating wheel wherein each said complementing die
member is adapted to interengage when a blank is positioned between the two
members, such that said die members cause the blank to be folded to define said article receiving cells.
According to an optional feature of the third aspect of the invention, one of said
complementing members comprises a protruding portion extending from a working
face of the complementing member and wherein the other said complementing member
comprises a recessed portion adapted to receive said protruding portion and wherein the blank is placed on said receiving member and wherein the protruding portion forces
part of the blank into said receiving portion.
A fourth aspect of the invention provides a mechanism for grouping a plurality of articles which mechanism comprising an endless series of channels along which articles
may be transferred into a plurality of article receiving cells of a carton wherein the channels are organised into groupings whereby each grouping corresponds to a given number of articles to be loaded in the carton.
According to an optional feature of the fourth aspect of the invention the channels may
be adapted to be substantially parallel to one another and then diverge into sub-
groupings wherein each said sub-group is spaced to align an article held in each said
sub-group with one of said article receiving cells corresponding to each one of the cells
of each carton and wherein the sub-groupings are each substantially parallel to one
another to provide in line parallel access to the cells.
A fifth aspect of the invention provides a mechanism for causing a label affixed to an
article to be oriented to a predetermined display position wherein the article includes a portion protruding outwardly of the article in a fixed position relative said label,
wherein the mechanism comprises support means adapted to support an article,
orientation means adapted to cause the article to rotate in the support means until the
protruding position is restrained by abutment means formed in said support means.
Preferably, one edge of the label affixed to the article overlays an opposed edge of said label to define said protruding portion.
According to an optional feature of the fifth aspect of the invention, the support means
may comprise a channel including a support surface to retain part of the article within said channel. Preferably, said support surface substantially corresponds to the exterior surface of said retained part of the article.
According to another optional feature of the fifth aspect of the invention the orientation means may comprise an elongate member connected to resilient means, wherein said
elongate member is adapted to abut a portion of said article as said support means is moved in a substantially parallel plane to said elongate member such that a tangential
force is applied to said abutting portion of the article to cause the article to rotate.
Optionally, the resilient means is adapted to reduce said tangential force when said
protruding portion is restrained by said abutment means.
According to a further optional feature of the fifth aspect of this invention, the abutment
means may be formed from an upper edge of said channel.
A sixth aspect of this invention provides a method of orienting a label affixed to an article to a predetermined display position wherein the article includes an outwardly protruding portion in a fixed position relative to said label which method comprising
the steps of supporting the article in support means during forward movement, rotating
the article within the support means until the protruding portion abuts a portion of the support means and retaining the article in its desired orientation for loading into a
carton.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a selection of "blister pack" type cartons packaged
by a machine according to one or more aspects of the invention;
FIGURE 2 is a plan view of a unitary blank used to construct one type of carton capable of being used with a machine according to the invention .
FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of the carton formed from the blank shown in Figure 2.
FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of a machine according to one or more aspects of the
invention;
FIGURES 5a and 5b are perspective views of the carton supply in-feed and set-up
stations of the machine shown in Figure 4;
FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of the carton conveyor and loading station of the
machine-shown in Figure 4;
FIGURES 7 illustrates an example of an article to be packaged by the machine according to one or more aspects of the invention; and
FIGURES 8a, and 8b illustrate a mechanism according to another aspect of the
invention for orientating the labels affixed to an article.
The machine according to the present invention is capable of loading cartons comprising compartments for retaining a given number of articles within each
compartment. A selection of cartons(CAl to CA6) suitable for being packaged by such
a machine is illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 2 shows one example of a blank for forming a carton to be constructed and loaded by a packaging machine of one or more aspects of the present invention formed from paperboard or other suitable material. In this embodiment, there is a unitary blank
10 comprising a series of panels hinged one to the next. Thus, support panel 12 is hingably connected to top panel 14 along fold line 30. Top panel 14 is connected to
side panel 16 by way of fold line 32. Side panel 16 is foldably connected to base panel
18 along fold line 34 and base panel 18 is hingably connected to second support panel
20 along fold line 36. In a set up condition, support panels 12, 20 are connected
together in a face to face relationship by glue or other suitable means known in the art.
There further comprises an end panel 22 hingably connected along a first edge to side
panel 16 along fold line 38 and glue flap 24 is hingably connected by means of fold line
40 to the opposing edge of end panel 22. Likewise, end panel 26 is hingably connected to side panel 16 along fold line 42 and glue flap 28 is hingably connected to the opposing side of end panel 26 along fold line 44.
In a set up condition, top panel 14, side panel 16, base panel 18 and a portion of support
panel 20 are folded out of alignment and into an angular relationship to form a display carton shown in Figure 3. More particularly, support panel 20 is folded into face
contacting relationship with front support panel 12 resulting in top panel 14, front panel
16, base panel 18 and back support panel 20 forming a tubular structure. End panels 22, 26 provide closures for the box, which are held in place by glue flaps 24, 28 that are secured by gluing or other suitable means, to support panel 20 to maintain the carton in set up condition. Preferably, side panel 16 provides a display face for the package,
while support panel 20 provides a back panel.
In this embodiment, the carton incorporates two securing cells or display windows Cl, C2 constructed from partition sections 96, 98 as illustrated in Figure 3. In other
embodiments there may comprise one display window, for example carton CA5 shown
in Figure 1. Turning again to the embodiment in Figure 2, partition section 96 is struck
from side panel 16 and end panel 22 along opposing cut lines 50, 52. Partition section
96 is hinged to glue flap 24 along fold line 40 and to side panel 16 along fold line 35.
When the carton is in a set up condition, this partition section will define an individual
cell Cl. Likewise partition section 98 is struck from side panel 16 and end panel 22 along opposing cut lines 50, 52. Partition section 98 is hinged to glue flap 24 along
fold line 40 and along its opposing edge to side panel 16 along fold line 37. When the
carton is in a set up condition, this partition section will define an individual cell C2 shown in Figure 3.
It is envisaged that the carton can vary depending upon the shape and/or quantity of articles to be packaged and accordingly, a machine in accordance with one or more
aspects of the present invention is adjustable in numerous respects so that it can process
a wide variety of such cartons and is not limited to the specific example outlined above.
Referring now to Figure 4 of the drawings, there is shown a machine 50 for processing
cartons 52 of the type outlined above. The upstream end of the machine includes a hopper 54 or other suitable storage means in which a multiplicity of cartons 52 in flat collapsed condition are held ready for processing. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the cartons are removed from the hopper 54 sequentially by suitable feeder means for example, a rotary vacuum feeder 56. In this embodiment, the vacuum feeder 56 comprises four pairs of suction cups 58 each being connected to a drive shaft 60 by a drive rod 62. Drive means 64, for example a servo motor, rotates the drive shaft 60. A cam track and cam rod (not shown) may be provided to define a uniform path for the
suction cups as the drive shaft 60 is rotated.
The hopper 54 is, in this embodiment, a 'gravity feed' type whereby the carton blank 52
are held on the hopper at an incline to provide a positive feed. Thus, as shown in
Figure 5, a carton 52 in flat collapsed condition is removed from the hopper 54 and is
rotated by the vacuum feeder 56 to the in-feed end of the machine 54. The blank is
placed onto suitable conveying means, for example, a pair of endless side lug chains 66,
68, and is conveyed downstream by suitable support means, for example leading and
trailing lugs 70, 72 mounted upon the endless chains 66, 68 respectively. The lug sets
70, 72 convey the carton blank downstream to the set-up station shown generally at 74.
At the set-up station 74, shown in Figure 5, there comprises carton erecting means to part erect the carton blank to define at least one cell. In this embodiment the carton erecting means is provided by a pair of rotating wheel units 76, 78 which are preferably
positioned above and below the carton blank. Of course, the position of the units is not
limited to their position shown in the drawings. The rotating wheels 76, 78 can be
powered by known drive means, for example a servo motor. In this embodiment, each
rotating wheel unit 76, 78 comprises a pair of die members 80, 82, 84, 86 mounted in
opposed positions to each rotating wheel by a drive shaft 88, 90 driven by the drive means. In some embodiments, there is a cam track and cam to move the die members
through a pre-determined path as described below. In other embodiments, the rotating wheels 76, 78 can comprise more than two die members, if manufacturing requirements
or the packaging speed dictate that such a modification be preferable.
The die members 80, 82 of the upper wheels 76, in this embodiment are identical in
construction, so only one of the members 80 is now described in any greater detail. As
illustrated in Figures 5a and 5b, the upper rotating wheel 76 comprises the (male) die member 80 formed from a substantially rectangular block 92 mounted to the rotating
wheel 76. A protruding portion 94 extends downwardly from the lower surface 100 of
the male block. In this embodiment, the protruding portion is shaped to correspond to
the width "W" between adjacent fold lines 35, 37, shown in Figure 3, and the
remaining portion of the lower surface 100 (only visible in a profile view) is shaped to
correspond to partition sections 96, 98 defining the article receiving cells Cl, C2.
Likewise, the lower rotating wheel 78 comprises the corresponding (female) die
members 84, 86, each is formed from a substantially rectangular block 102 and
mounted to the rotating wheel 78 by a shaft (not shown). The upper surface of the
female block comprises a recessed portion 106 (not optimally visible) which is shaped
to receive the corresponding protruding portion 94 from the lower surface 100 of the
male block 92. It can be seen from Figures 5a and 5b that the lower surface is sized to correspond to the shape of the panels forming the internal structure of the cell. Thus, in
this embodiment the lower surface of each side of the recessed portion corresponds to
dimensions LI and L2 shown in Figure 3.
The construction of the carton by the carton erecting means is now described in more detail. As the carton blank 52 is moved forward by the endless chains 60, 68, the lower surface of the carton blank 52 comes into contact with the (female) die member 84 or
86. The block 92 mounted to the upper rotating wheel 76 is rotated in unison with the lower block 102 to come into contact with the upper surface of the carton blank 52.
The conveyor 66, 68 and the upper and lower rotating wheels are controlled by suitable
control means to coordinate the position of the blank and to control its speed through
the set up station to ensure the blank is correctly aligned with respect to the die
members. The positions and speeds of the devices can be put in manually or a specific
pre-written programme can be loaded into the central processor for control of the
packaging machine. The upper and lower blocks 92, 102 continue to rotate, and the
cam track and cam arrangement within the rotating wheels 76, 72 cause the blocks to
move towards each other and to interengage, whereby the protruding portion 94 is
received in the corresponding recessed portion 106. Those portions 96, 98 of the side panel 16 forming the partition structure are thereby pushed in an upward direction and folded about fold lines 35, 37 to erect a pair of display windows or cells Cl, C2, as
shown in Figures 5a and 5b. In this embodiment, folding the partition panels 96, 98
causes the end panels 22, 26 to be automatically folded about fold lines 38 and 42
respectively and into a substantially perpendicular relationship with side panel 16. The
upper and lower blocks 92, 102 are then separated to release the carton blank 52 as it moves forward to the loading station 150 by the leading and trailing lugs 70, 72 on the
endless chains 66, 68. It is envisaged that the setting up station 74 and the process of
"punching" the carton into a part erected form is a continuous process so that the carton
is moved in a continuous forward direction as the carton erecting operation is
performed.
If an alternative type of blister pack is required to be packaged, then the blocks 92, 102
are connected to the rotating wheel units by suitable detachable securing means (not shown), for example quick release mechanism, so that the blocks can be interchanged
with a second pair of differently configured blocks which can be used to part erect a
second carton type.
After the cartons have been part erected to define article receiving cells, they are
successively transferred to the loading station 150 shown in Figures 4 and 6 by which
the cartons move downstream by the pair of side lug chain sets 66, 68.
At the loading station 150, articles (A), for example batteries, are fed into the machine
50 by an infeed conveyor 152. The line pressure of the batteries is controlled by
suitable control means for example, an infeed star wheel 154, as is well known.
Thereafter, the articles may be transferred from the infeed conveyor 152 to an article
grouping means, for example a conveyor 156, shown in Figure 6. In this embodiment,
the article grouping conveyor 156 separates the articles into groups of the desired number for each carton, by means of a series of channels 158 mounted to an endless chain 160. The articles (A) are then transferred into the plurality of article receiving
cells, Cl, C2 (for example, two) of the carton by suitable means.
As shown in Figure 6, the channels 158 are organised into groupings, whereby each grouping 162 corresponds to a given number, for example four, of articles to be loaded
into the carton. Suitable guide means (not shown), for example, a guide rail or static guide, are used to push the articles into the respective cells Cl, C2, and the grouping
conveyor 156 is controlled by suitable control means so that endless chains 160, 165 move in unison so that the flow of articles (A) can be introduced to the carton blank 52 at the same rate as the carton blank flow.
In the class of embodiments which include cartons with more than one article receiving
cell, the channels 158 are adapted to diverge into sub-groupings 164 whereby each sub¬
group 164 is spaced to align an article or articles (A) held in each sub-group (164) with
one of the article receiving cells Cl, C2. As shown in Figure 6, each sub-grouping is
shaped to provide channels 158 which are substantially parallel to corresponding article
receiving cells Cl, C2 in order to provide in-line parallel access to the aforesaid cells.
Optionally, the machine may include a device 200 shown in Figure 8 for causing a label
202 affixed to an article (A) to be oriented to a pre-determined display position.
Preferably, the articles to be packaged include a portion protruding 204 outwardly of
the article in a fixed position relative to said label. As shown in Figure 7, the
protruding portion 204 is formed by the side edges 206, 208 of the label 202 being
placed in an overlapping relationship. As the articles are moved forward, they are
inserted into support means 210 adapted to support the articles (A). As shown in Figure
8a, the support means 210 comprises a group of channels (or holding combs) 212
adapted to receive part of an article. In this embodiment, each channel comprises a
support surface 214 which substantially corresponds to the shape and configuration of the outer surface of the article (A). Of course, the different profiles of channel can be
used, for example, a square section, without departing from beyond the scope of the invention. Adjacent each channel 212 there comprises abutment means 216 adapted to
restrain the protruding portion 204 of the article. In this embodiment, abutment means 216 is provided by a surface 218 connecting adjacent channels 212 that is used as the
pre-set stop or obstacle, shown in Figure 8b.
Referring again to Figure 8a, each channel 204 is loaded with an article by suitable
guide means and the grouped articles are successively moved forward to the orientation
means 220 which is adapted to cause the articles to rotate in the support means 210.
The orientation means 220, illustrated in greater detail in Figure 8b, comprises an
elongate member 222 held in a fixed position relative to the channels 212. The
elongate member 222 (or static member) can comprise a strip including a working
surface 226. Alternatively, the elongate member 222 can comprise a flexible belt (not
shown) held in a fixed position, or driven in a direction substantially opposed to
direction "Z" shown in Figure 8b. The working surface 226 preferably includes a layer
of friction inducing material 228, for example, rubber or other suitable plastic materials.
The strip is connected to a support frame (not shown) by resilient means 230, for
example, a spring mechanism. Preferably, the length of the strip 224 should be equal to or greater than the circumference of the article (A) being rotated to ensure that each
article can be rotated by up to 360 degrees.
As shown in Figure 8b, the articles in the channels 214 are moved in direction "Z" and are brought into contact with the orientation means 220. The elongate member 222
comes into contact with the upper portion of the article and as it is fixed relative the
articles and channels 214 a tangential force is applied by the orientation means 220 to
the articles which makes them rotate. The channels 214 continue to move forward and the articles (A) continue to rotate until the leading edge of the protruding portion 204 comes into abutment with the abutment means 216. Thus, the article is orientated to the correct position and can then be loaded into the cartons.
Once the article (A) has been oriented to its correct position, the increased resistance of the article when it ceases to rotate applies an upward force to the strip 224. The
resilient means 230 is used to reduce the tangential forces applied to the article (A) by
the orientation means 220, whereby the elongate member 222 can be moved by small
amounts in a vertical plane "Y" in order to prevent or at least minimise the prospect of
a carton label 202 being torn or damaged.
It is envisaged that the article orienting device can be incorporated into a machine
described above, for example, at the upstream end of the grouping conveyor.
At the loading station 150 shown in Figure 6, the groups of articles or sub-groupings are introduced to the carton from one side as the carton and article group are moved
forward in unison. The lateral movement of the carton in the loading station is
controlled by a pair of guides 159, 161 positioned adjacent the end panels 22, 26 of
each carton. It is envisaged that in other embodiments a pressure belt could replace fixed guides or, where appropriate, those particularly mounted endless chain and lug
sets could be used.
In order to load the cartons, those panels of the blank between the cells and articles are
folded downwardly by suitable guide means to allow the grouping device to be
juxtaposed the cells. In this embodiment, support panel 12 and top panel are folded into a substantially perpendicular relationship with front panel 16 about fold line 32 as shown in Figure 6. Once the cartons have been loaded with articles, they are transferred by means of a conveyor 163 and/or a pressure belt to a further set of endless chains 165
with side lugs which are used to transfer the carton to the outfeed end of the machine, shown in Figure 4. During this stage, the second support panel 20 is folded upwardly,
and around the articles, by means of guide means, for example a fixed guide (not shown) and the support panel 12 is folded back upwards so that top panel 14 is folded
to abut the loading end of the cells Cl, C2. The end panels 22, 26 are folded about fold lines 38, 42 to enclose the article receiving cells Cl, C2 by suitable folding means, for
example a folding wheel 167 and glue flaps 24, 28 are connected to the partition panels
96, 98 respectively by glue or other means known in the art. Support panel 12 is then
folded into face contacting relationship with panel 20 and are secured together by
suitable securing means, for example glue or other means known in the art. Thereafter,
pressure belts 169 can be applied to the carton to firmly secure the support panels 12,
20 in place and to complete the forming process.
It is envisaged that the devices of the present invention and, in particular, the carton erecting means, the article selecting and grouping means, the article separating and
loading means and label aligning means can be incorporated into a variety of other
packaging machines. Alternatively, these devices can be sold as an individual module
to be fitted to new equipment or to existing equipment on a retrofit basis.
Further modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, alternate sensors and alternate means of positioning each of the moveable articles may be utilised without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed in the accompanying claim. In addition, while the preferred embodiment described herein is for loading batteries into cartons, it will be recognised that the invention is not limited to cartons for batteries. The invention may be used with the machines for packaging cans, paperboard bricks, bottles and other containers into cartons. Further, the present invention is able to process cartons comprising numerous
configurations of groups of articles covering a range of carton sizes and shapes, for
example two , four, six or eight articles, without undue time being spent in adjusting the
mechanism.