WO1999033961A1 - Novel kinase - Google Patents

Novel kinase Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999033961A1
WO1999033961A1 PCT/JP1998/005974 JP9805974W WO9933961A1 WO 1999033961 A1 WO1999033961 A1 WO 1999033961A1 JP 9805974 W JP9805974 W JP 9805974W WO 9933961 A1 WO9933961 A1 WO 9933961A1
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Prior art keywords
dna
seq
sequence
activity
apoptosis
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PCT/JP1998/005974
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shizuo Akira
Taro Kawai
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Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
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Priority to AU16914/99A priority Critical patent/AU1691499A/en
Publication of WO1999033961A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999033961A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/12Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
    • C12N9/1205Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1), e.g. protein kinases
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C07K14/4701Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
    • C07K14/4747Apoptosis related proteins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/40Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against enzymes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/12Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/48Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving transferase
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel phosphorylase having an apoptosis-inducing activity and a DNA encoding the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a phosphorylase having an apoptosis-inducing activity, which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and a DNA encoding the same.
  • a drug useful for prevention and treatment of apoptosis-related diseases can be produced.
  • the phosphorylase of the present invention and the DNA encoding the same are useful in establishing a screening method for apoptotic regulators and a method for diagnosing apoptosis-related diseases.
  • the present invention also relates to a DNA or a derivative thereof comprising at least 12 bases in the base sequence of the above-mentioned DNA or its complementary strand; an expression vector capable of replicating the DNA or its complementary strand.
  • a replicable recombinant DNA comprising the same; a microorganism or a cell transformed with the above-mentioned replicable recombinant DNA; and at least one of the above-mentioned phosphorylases having at least one activity.
  • Conventional technology Conventional technology
  • Apoptosis or programmed cell death is one of the processes or modes of cell death proposed by Kerr, Wy11ie et al. [Kerr, J. F. R. et al., Bri and J. Cancer, 26: 239 (1972)].
  • Apoptosis is a phenomenon that occurs during physiological ontogenesis, disease, or the manifestation of a drug effect, and is thought to occur based on the activation of programs inherent in individual cells. Thus, apoptosis is distinguished in the form of cell death from necrosis, the process by which required cells are damaged and die.
  • apoptosis There are various stimuli that induce apoptosis, and their mechanisms are also diverse, but have common morphological characteristics.
  • the first observed morphological change is the formation of chromatin aggregates, which in most cases involve DNA fragmentation [Wyl 1 ie, AH, Nature, 284: 555 (1980)].
  • cytoplasmic condensation and the like occur, and the cells themselves form cell fragments called apoptotic bodies, and the formed apoptotic bodies are rapidly turned around.
  • Apoptosis is said to proceed by phagocytosis by cells and macrophages.
  • Apoptosis is deeply involved in the reduction of the somatic cells (lymphoid cells) that cause the disease in AIDS and other diseases.
  • Various anticancer drugs reduce cancer cell destruction by apoptosis.
  • apoptosis As a disease associated with apoptosis, symptoms may be manifested by attenuated induction of apoptosis, follicular lymphoma, carcinoma caused by mutation of P53, and hormone. Cancers caused by abnormalities such as breast, prostate and ovarian cancers; autoimmune diseases such as systemic erythematosus and immune-associated glomerulonephritis; herpes virus, adenowinores, box virus, etc. Virus infections. Conversely, AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, retinitis pigmentosa, and cerebellar mutations are considered to be symptoms that may be manifested by enhanced induction of apoptosis.
  • Myelodysplastic diseases such as aplastic anemia; ischemic diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke; and toxic liver diseases caused by alcohol and the like [Thompson, B., Science, 267]. : 14 56 (1995)].
  • Other diseases involving apoptosis include chronic rheumatoid arthritis [Okamoto'K. Et al., Arthr it is Rheum., 40: 919 (1997)], ulcerative colitis [Iwamoto, M. et al., J. Patho 1.180: 152 (1996)], diabetes [Brown, DL et al., Surgery, 121: 372 (1997)], arteriosclerosis [Bochaton, PML et al., Am. J. Patho, 146]. : 1059 (1995)], myasthenia gravis [Shiono, H. et al., Eur. J. Immuno 1, 27: 805 (1997)].
  • Fas ligand activates interleukin-11 ⁇ converting enzyme (ICE) -like protease through Fas (CD95) and induces apoptosis [Nagata, S. et al. Science, 267: 1449 (1995); Enari, M. et al., Nature, 375: 78 (1995)].
  • ICE interleukin-11 ⁇ converting enzyme
  • CD95 Fas
  • MAPK 0 gen act ivated prote in k inase
  • This gene belongs to Jun kinases (JNKs) / st ress act ivat ed prote in kinases (SAPKs) and ext race Nat. 1. Atad. Sci. USA., 94: 3302 (1997)] and pp56 (1ck) were activated. [Gonz a 1 ez, GA et al., J. Immunol. 158: 4104 (1997)].
  • Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) associates with TNF receptor via TNF receptor Tumor necros isf actor receptor-assoc
  • apoptosis-inducing ceramide is used to generate mitogen ac ti vat ed prote in ki nas eki nase ki nas e (MAPKKK). 1) is involved in the activation of S APK / J NK and induces apoptosis [Shirakabe, K. et al., J. Bio and Chem. 272: 8141 (1997)]. Furthermore, apoptosis induced by interferon y (IFN ⁇ ) in HeLa cells and mouse fibroblasts, and dea th activated protein (DAP) kinas e [C hoen, 0.
  • IFN ⁇ interferon y
  • DAP dea th activated protein
  • DAP kinase involved in INF ⁇ -induced apoptosis is a phosphorylase that is not involved in the MAP kinase cascade [Choen, 0. et al. EMBO J., 16: 998 (1997)]. It is known that it has a structure similar to calmodulin-dependent phosphorylase (CaM kinase).
  • CaM kinase calmodulin-dependent phosphorylase
  • the present inventors have found that a Zip Interacting Protein kinase (Zi kinase) [Kawa T. et al. 18: 1642 (1998)].
  • an object of the present invention is to find a phosphorylase having a structure similar to CaM kinase and having a new apoptosis-inducing activity, and to provide a method for utilizing the same in the fields of medicine and medical treatment. It is in. Summary of the Invention
  • the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, obtained a gene sequence having homology to the gene sequence of DAP kinase in a database (GenBank Release, 100, April, 1997). searched. As a result, three types of EST fragments were obtained, EST No. AA278574, EST No. AA419612, and EST No. R 19772. EST No. AA278574 and EST No. AA419612i were gene fragments showing homology of 55.6% (378 base) and 51.4% (389 base) with DAP kinase, respectively.
  • DRAK 1 and DRAK 2 have autophosphorylation activity, phosphatase activity for foreign substrates, and apoptosis-inducing activity.
  • the present inventors have found a novel phosphatase domain common to two phosphatases.
  • preparation of an expression system for DRAK1 and DRAK2 preparation of a drug screening system, and preparation of an antibody were performed, thereby completing the present invention.
  • one of the main objects of the present invention is to provide a substantially pure phosphorylase having an apoptosis-inducing activity, which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • One other object of the present invention is to provide an isolated DNA encoding the above-mentioned phosphorylase.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to inhibit at least one activity of a oxidase selected from the group consisting of autophosphorylation activity, exogenous substrate phosphorylase activity, or apoptosis-inducing activity.
  • a oxidase selected from the group consisting of autophosphorylation activity, exogenous substrate phosphorylase activity, or apoptosis-inducing activity.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an antibody capable of binding to a phosphatase.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is MLCK-1 e kinase doma in.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 is a primer for subcloning of DRAK1 designed based on the complementary strand of GenBank entry AA 2785574.
  • SEQ ID NO: 9 is a primer for subcloning of DRAK1 designed based on the complementary strand of GenBank entry AA 2785574.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 is a primer for subcloning at the 5 ′ end of DRAK2 designed based on the complementary strand of the AA419612 of GenBank.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 is a primer for subcloning at the 5 'end of DRAK2 designed based on the complementary strand of the entry AA4196612 of GenBank.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 is a primer for subcloning at the 3 ′ end of DRAK2 designed based on the sequence at the 5 ′ end of DRAK2.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 is a primer for subcloning at the 3 'and 3' ends of DRAK 2 designed based on the sequence at the 5 'end of DRAK 2.
  • SEQ ID NO: 14 is a sense primer for adding a FLAG sequence to the N-terminus of DRAK1.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 is an antisense primer for adding a FLAG sequence to the N-terminus of DRAK1.
  • SEQ ID NO: 16 applies the FLAG sequence to the N-terminus of DRAK 2. It is a sense primer to perform.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 is an antisense primer for adding a FLAG sequence to the N-terminus of DRAK2.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 is a primer for replacing Lys at the 90th position of DRAK1 with A1a.
  • SEQ ID NO: 19 is a primer for replacing Lys at position 62 of DRAK 2 with A1a.
  • SEQ ID NO: 20 is a sense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminus of DRAK1.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 is an antisense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminus of DRAK1.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 is a sense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminal of the amino acid sequence consisting of amino acids 1 to 345 of DRAK1.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 is an antisense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminal of the amino acid sequence consisting of amino acids 1 to 32 of DRAK1.
  • SEQ ID NO: 24 is a sense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminus of DRAK 2.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 is an antisense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminus of DRAK 2.
  • SEQ ID NO: 26 adds a Myc tag to the N-terminal of the amino acid sequence consisting of amino acids 1 to 31 of DRAK 2. Is a sense primer.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 is an antisense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminal of the amino acid sequence consisting of amino acids 1 to 293 of DRAK2.
  • SEQ ID NO: 31 is a primer for subcloning of Trad designed based on the complement of the entry R 19772 of GenBank.
  • SEQ ID NO: 32 is a primer for subcloning of Trad designed based on the complement of the entry R 19772 of GenBank.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33 is a sense primer for adding a FLAG sequence to the N-terminal of Trad.
  • sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 is an antisense primer for adding a FLAG sequence to the N-terminal of Trad.
  • SEQ ID NO: 35 is a primer for replacing Lys at position 1061 of Trad with Ala.
  • Figure 1 (a) shows the results of a northern blot t ing showing the tissue distribution of DRAK1.
  • FIG. 1 (b) shows the results of nor thern blot t ing showing the tissue distribution of DRAK2.
  • Fig. 2 (a) shows the wild-type and activity-deleted DRAK1
  • FLAG-DRAK1 in the figure indicates wild-type DRAK1
  • FLAG-DRAK1K9 OA indicates the activity-deficient DRAK1
  • Vector indicates the control.
  • Autophosphorylation ability and MLC indicate phosphorylation ability for MLC, respectively.
  • the lower row shows the results of detection of proteins obtained by the expression of each DNA in ⁇ FLAG B lot (western).
  • FIG. 2 (b) shows the measurement results of the autophosphorylation activity of wild-type and activity-deficient DRAK2 and the phosphorylation activity on foreign substrates.
  • FLAG-DRAK2 in the figure is wild-type DRAK2.
  • FLAG-DRAK2 K62A indicates activity-deficient DRAK2
  • Vector indicates a control
  • AUTO indicates self-oxidation ability
  • MLC indicates an oxidation ability for MLC.
  • the lower row shows the results of detection of proteins obtained by the expression of each DNA by ⁇ FLAG Blot (western).
  • FIG. 3 shows the intracellular localization of DRAK 1 and DRAK 2.
  • COS-7 cells transfected with DRAK 1 (FLAG-DRAK1) and DRAK 2 (FLAG-DRA K2) were stained with a FLAG antibody. The results show that DRAK 1 and DRAK 2 are each present throughout the cytoplasm. Further, the cell nuclei of the above cells were shown by DAPI staining.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the apoptosis-inducing activity of wild-type DRAK1 and wild-type DRAK2 using NIH 3T3 cells, using cell morphology change as an index. Indicating the site of change, lack of activity DRAK 1 and lack of activity It shows that apoptosis is not induced in type DRAK2.
  • FIG. 5 shows DRAKs composed of an amino acid sequence common to the amino acid sequences of DRAK 1 and DRAK 2, and the inverted characters in the figure indicate the common amino acids.
  • Figure 6 shows the amino acid sequences of human ZIPkinase, human MLCK, mouse CaMkinase II a chain, human DAP kinase, human DRAK1 and human DRAK2.
  • the inverted characters in the figure indicate amino acids that are common.
  • Figure 7 (a) shows the autophosphorylation activity ("WT” or "1-345” in the figure) of DRAK 1 and DRAK 1 partially lacking the amino acid at the C-terminal. Changes in the phosphorylation activity of the foreign substrate ("MLC” in the figure) are shown.
  • Myc-DRAK1 in the figure is full-length DRAK1
  • Myc-DRAKl1-345 is the amino acid after the 346th amino acid.
  • DRAK1 and Myc-DRAKl 321 in which the sequence has been deleted are DRAK1 in which the amino acid sequence of the 32nd and subsequent amino acids have been deleted, and the vector indicates a control.
  • the lower part shows the results of detection of the proteins expressed by each DNA by a Myc Blot (western).
  • Figure 7 (b) shows the autophosphorylation activity of DRAK 2 and DRAK 2 partially lacking the amino acid at the C-terminus ("WT” or "1-293" in the figure and foreign
  • the figure shows the change in phosphorylation activity on the substrate (MLC).
  • Myc-DRAK2 is full-length DRAK2
  • yc-DRAK2 1-315 is DRAK2 lacking the amino acid sequence after the 31st position.
  • Myc-DRAK2 1-293 shows the amino acid sequence from the 294th position onwards.
  • DRAK 2 deleted, Vector indicates control.
  • the lower row shows the results of detection of proteins expressed by each DNA by ⁇ Myc Blot (western).
  • FIG. 8 shows the results of nor thern blotting, which shows the distribution of the filaments of Trad.
  • FIG. 9 shows the measurement results of the autophosphorylation activity of the wild-type and the activity-deficient T rad and the phosphorylation activity on the foreign substrate.
  • FLAG-Trad in the figure is the wild-type Trad, FLAG-Trad.
  • K1016A indicates activity-deficient T rad, Vector indicates a control, and the arrow indicates autophosphorylation possible.
  • the lower row shows the results obtained by detecting a protein obtained by the expression of each DNA using a FLAG Blot (western).
  • Figure 10 shows the results of comparison of the amino acid sequences of the phosphatase regions of Trad, Trio, DAPK, ZIPK, CaMKI I, and MLCK.
  • Figure 1 1 shows where Roh acid match (a) is, Trad, Tr io, the ka 1 ir in, 01) 1 11) 1 homologous (DH) result of comparison of a Mi acid sequence regions Show, Figure 11
  • (b) shows the results of comparison of the amino acid sequences in the plextrin-like (PH) region, and the inverted characters indicate the results where at least two molecules have the same amino acid sequence. Show.
  • Figure 12 shows that both T rad and cytoskeletal protein are equally localized in the cells.
  • the results of staining with antibodies [Fig. 4]
  • Fig. 4 shows the results of detection of intracellular skeletal proteins by Rhodamin to which Pha110Uin having affinity for intracellular skeletal proteins was bound.
  • a phosphorylase having an apoptosis-inducing activity which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1;
  • An immobilizing enzyme is provided.
  • a substantially pure phosphorylase having an apoptosis-inducing activity which has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • a phosphorylase having apoptosis-inducing activity wherein one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 6.
  • a substantially pure phosphatase characterized by comprising an amino acid sequence.
  • 4. A peptide consisting of at least six amino acids whose amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, and 6.
  • DNA according to the above item 5 wherein the DNA is a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 5, or a nucleotide sequence satisfying at least one of the following properties.
  • DNA or a derivative thereof comprising at least 12 bases in the base sequence of 5 or 6 above.
  • the DNA is a fragment of SEQ ID NO: 5 from 36 1st to 1 7.
  • a DNA comprising at least 12 bases in the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or 7, or a derivative thereof.
  • a replicable recombinant DNA obtained by incorporating the DNA according to any of the above items 5 to 10 into a replicable expression vector.
  • a phosphatase selected from the group consisting of autophosphorylation activity, exogenous substrate phosphatase activity, or apoptosis-inducing activity
  • the phosphorylase according to any one of the above items 1 to 3 or the peptide according to the above item 4 is brought into contact with a sample material, and A method comprising, using at least one of the activities as an indicator, a substance that suppresses or enhances the activity of a phosphorylase.
  • the left and right ends of the amino acid sequence described in the sequence listing are the amino terminal (hereinafter, N-terminal) and the carboxyl group terminal (hereinafter, C-terminal), respectively, and the left end of the base sequence. And the right end are the 5 'and 3' ends, respectively.
  • a in the DNA base sequence indicates adenine
  • C indicates cytosine
  • G indicates guanine
  • T indicates thymine
  • a la in the amino acid sequence is alanine, Arg is arginine, A sn is asno lagin, Asp is as no, laginic acid, Cys Is cystine, G1n is glutamine, G1u is glutamate, G1y is glycin, His is histidine, I1e is isoleucine, and Leu is leu.
  • Lys is lysine, Met is methionine, Phe is phenylalanine, Pro is proline, Ser is serine, Thr is threonine, and Trp is triptoline. Fan, Tyr is tyrosine, and Va1 is valine.
  • polypeptide includes those generally understood by those skilled in the art as peptides, oligopeptides, polypeptides, proteins and the like. Therefore, natural proteins and polypeptides obtained by chemical synthesis or recombinant techniques are also included, and polypeptides are subject to post-translational modifications such as sugar chain binding and phosphorylation. You may or may not have received it.
  • the phosphorylases of the present invention are homologous to the gene sequence of DAP kinase, and may be considered to have some relationship with apoptosis.
  • DRAKs as used in the present invention is a phosphorylase that includes a novel phosphatase domain represented by the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • Representative examples of such a phosphatase are DRAK1 and DRAK2 of the present invention, each of which has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOS: 3 and 6, both of which are amino acids as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. Phosphorylation involving an acid sequence.
  • Both DRAK1 and DRAK2 have autophosphorylase activity and phosphorylation activity on foreign substrates, and are enzymes having apoptosis-inducing activity.
  • a protein having high similarity to DRAK 1 of the present invention includes a novel human phosphorylase kinase gamma subunit (HPHK) (USP 5, 683, 910).
  • HPHK human phosphorylase kinase gamma subunit
  • DGENE Denssion ion Id. 19980920 uP
  • HPH KG was found to be almost identical to DRAK 1.
  • a comparison of DRAK1 and HPHKG reveals that the translation initiation position is different.
  • DRA ⁇ 1 is an enzyme found in the process of searching for a phosphorylating enzyme that regulates apoptosis activity
  • HPH KG is an enzyme that was found mainly for controlling glucose metabolism.
  • molecules having similarity to DRAK1 and DRAK2 include DAP kinase (International Publication WO95 / 106630) and ZIP kinase [Kawai, T. et al., Mol. Cell Enzyme: 18: 1642 (1998)], but all enzymes have amino acid sequences and gene sequences that are different from DRAK 1 and DRAK 2, and furthermore, localization in cells. Differences are observed. As shown in Example 9, DRAK1 and DRAK2 are localized throughout the cell, but DAP kinase is co-localized with cytoskeletal fibers in the cytoplasm and ZIP kinase is localized in the cell nucleus .
  • TRIO International Publication W097Z35997
  • TRIO is a molecule that has homology with the phosphorylase region common to DRAK1 and DRAK2. Both the amino acid sequence and the gene sequence of TRIO are different from those of DRAK1 and DRAK2.
  • TRIO is a molecule involved in the MAP kinase cascade, and is associated with cell morphology and cell motility [Bell langer, JMeta 1., Oncogene, 16: 147]. (1998)]. None of the phosphorylases of the present invention are limited to the amino acid sequences shown in the sequence listing.
  • the phosphatase of the present invention also includes "an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added".
  • an amino acid sequence refers to the amino acid sequence of an allelic or spontaneous mutation found in nature, or a mutant obtained by artificial mutation or genetic recombination technology.
  • modification and substitution of amino acid reference can be made to, for example, the patent application of Bennett et al. (International Publication WO96 / 26445).
  • the amino acid sequence encompassed by the present invention is all a polypeptide having the activity of the novel phosphatase of the present invention, and is a modification of one amino acid residue.
  • an amino acid sequence containing a change that causes loss of its activity is not included in the present invention.
  • DRAK1 and DRAK2 only polypeptides having their autophosphorylation activity, phosphorylation activity on foreign substrates, and apoptosis-inducing activity are included in the present invention.
  • a peptide comprising at least six amino acids of a phosphorylase.
  • the full-length protein and its partial peptides of the present invention can be used to prepare a system for measuring enzyme activity for diagnosis or therapy, to prepare antibodies, and to elucidate new regulatory proteins that further regulate the enzyme activity.
  • a peptide consisting of amino acid 3 at position 23 of SEQ ID NO: 3 and amino acids 3 to 4 at position 29 of SEQ ID NO: 6 The peptide consisting of the amino acid of the eye is a region corresponding to the phosphatase active domain shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and as shown in FIG. 6, it is unique to the phosphatase of the present invention. Is an array. These sequences are useful when creating a system for measuring enzyme activity.
  • the peptide consisting of the amino acid at positions 35 and 36 of SEQ ID NO: 3 and the peptide consisting of the amino acids at positions 319 to 31 of SEQ ID NO: 6 are As shown in Examples 16 and 17, it is useful for producing antibodies. Furthermore, as performed in Example 20 and Example 21, the peptide consisting of the amino acid at the 3rd and 4th positions of SEQ ID NO: 3 and the 293rd position of the amino acid at the 4th position of SEQ ID NO: 6 The peptide consisting of the amino acid at position 37-2 has the ability to regulate enzyme activity, and is useful for elucidating a novel activity regulating protein that binds to this region.
  • a DNA encoding the above-described phosphorylase of the present invention there is provided a DNA encoding the above-described phosphorylase of the present invention.
  • the DNAs of the phosphatase of the present invention, DRAK1 and DRAK2 are shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 5 in the sequence listing.
  • the DNA encoding the phosphorylase of the present invention is not limited to these sequences, and DNA obtained by degeneracy of the gene code is also included in the present invention.
  • Is composed of (1) a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 5 and a DNA hybridizing under stringent conditions; and (2) a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 5 Over 70% homology with DNA DNA is included.
  • DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions refers to washing conditions after hybridization, for example, by appropriately changing the temperature and the salt concentration to obtain nonspecific high-molecular-weight DNA.
  • a highly complementary sequence, identified under conditions of reduced hybridization Specifically, the specificity between the hybridizing polynucleotides, such as 2 XSSC, 0.1% SDS, 65 ° C, etc. in Examples 3 and 4 is guaranteed. DNA that hybridizes under the conditions.
  • a DNA comprising at least 12 bases selected from the base sequence of the DNA of the present invention or a derivative thereof.
  • Such DNAs include, for example, at least 12 or more, preferably 16 or more, and more preferably 18 or more selected from the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • a DNA consisting of the above bases is exemplified.
  • at least 12 or more, preferably 16 or more, selected from the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 6, which are complementary to the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 5, and DNA consisting of preferably 18 or more bases is also very useful.
  • DNA makes it possible to detect cDNA clones of phosphatase, cDNA, genomic DNA, and genomic gene clones.
  • the required length of DNA depends on the specificity of the sequence, the stability of binding to the DNA to be detected, etc. 1
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • Tm double-stranded dissociation temperature
  • a nucleic acid of 12 bases or more is required when the GC content is high, and a nucleic acid of 16 bases or more is required for a general region where the GC content is about 50%.
  • a nucleic acid derivative having stable binding to DNA is used, the target DNA can be detected even with a shorter nucleic acid.
  • a derivative of the DNA a derivative in which the above-mentioned DNA is, for example, methylated, methylphosphated, deaminated, or thiophosphated can be used. .
  • Examples of a method for genetic diagnosis using such DNA or a derivative thereof include techniques such as hybridization and PCR.
  • the cloning of genes on the genome including humans is also possible, and the cloned genes can be used, for example, transgenic mice, gene targeting mice, and the present invention.
  • the use of recent gene manipulation techniques such as double knockout mice in which both genes and related genes have been inactivated, more detailed functions of the phosphorylase of the present invention can be obtained. It can be clarified.
  • the DNA and the derivative thereof of the present invention include the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, which corresponds to the sequence unique to the phosphatase of the present invention (that is, the region corresponding to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). It is preferable to select from DNA consisting of bases or DNA consisting of bases 361 to 1146 described in SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • DNA By using such DNA to enhance or delete the enzyme activity specific to DRAK 1 or DRAK 2 in mice, etc., it is possible to analyze the functions of DRAK 1 or DRAK 2 in more detail. is there.
  • a two-hybrid evaluation method in which gene analysis is performed by applying protein-protein synthesis in cells [Hsu, H. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc. USA., 91: 3181 (1994) ] Can be used to analyze a group of signaling molecules.
  • DNA consisting of nucleotides 108 to 1359 of SEQ ID NO: 2 and 1 1 4 1st primer of SEQ ID NO: 5 13 77 The DNA consisting of the 7th base is an important region for regulating the phosphatase activity of DRAK1 and DRAK2.
  • the above-mentioned sequence is useful for analysis of a group of signaling molecules specific to DRAK1 and DRAK2. Further, if an abnormality of the gene of the present invention is found on the genome, it can be applied to gene diagnosis and gene therapy.
  • the present invention is selected from the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 7, which are complementary strands of the cDNAs of DRAK 1 and DRAK 2.
  • DNA comprising at least 12 bases, preferably at least 16 bases, more preferably at least 18 bases, and derivatives thereof. By using such a DNA, it is possible to detect the mRNA of the phosphorylase of the present invention.
  • antisense nucleic acids for example, DNA or a derivative thereof, which is a fragment of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 7, or DNA
  • antisense RNA designed based on the sequence, it is possible to perform techniques such as hybridization, primer extension, nuclease, protection, and atsushi. You.
  • administration of an antisense nucleic acid to a cell or a living body may be considered.
  • the excessive reaction of the phosphorylase of the present invention is a pathological condition
  • suitable vector for examples of preparation and use of these antisense nucleic acids, reference can be made to Murray, J. AH, edited by ANTISENSE RNA AND DNA, Wiley-Liss, Inc., 1992.
  • nucleotide sequence from the 149th to the 154th nucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the nucleotide sequence from the 345th to the 37th nucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 7 described in the sequence listing and 5 95 The nucleotide sequences from the 5th to the 62nd nucleotide were all the same as in Examples 1 and 2. It can be used for detecting DRAK 1 and DRAK 2, and is effective for detecting the phosphorylase of the present invention for diagnostic purposes.
  • a base sequence consisting of 20 to 40 bases near the 2541st to 254th positions of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the 1 Base sequences of 20 to 40 bases near the 396th to 1398th positions are useful.
  • a recombinant DNA comprising any one of the above-mentioned DNAs of the present invention.
  • the vector used for preparing the recombinant DNA of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any commonly used vector can be used.
  • the vector pEFBOS [Misushima, S.
  • the recombinant DNA of the present invention into a known host. That is, according to the present invention, there is provided a microorganism or cell transformed with the recombinant DNA.
  • the host into which the recombinant DNA of the present invention is introduced is not particularly limited, but is a microorganism or a cell capable of expressing the recombinant DNA of the present invention.
  • prokaryotic cells such as Escherichia sp. (Escherichia coli) and Bacillus sp. (Bacillus subtilis) are recombinantly prepared using the calcium chloride method or the like. DNA can be introduced.
  • Examples of the genus Escherichia include Escherichia coli K12, HB101, MC1061, L ⁇ 392, JM109, and INVaF '.
  • Bacillus genus include Bacillus subtilis Ml 114.
  • Phage vectors can be introduced into, for example, grown Escherichia coli using the in vitro packaging method (Pr0c. Nat 1. Acid Sci. 74: 3259-3263, 1977). It can be. Eukaryotic cells such as animal cells and insect cells can also be used as hosts.
  • a transformed cell E.co1i DH5 in which Escherichia coli DT5 ⁇ was transfected with plasmid hDRAK2-pT7 containing cDNA encoding the entire amino acid sequence of DRAK2 of the present invention.
  • DRAK1 and DRAK2 can be easily produced.
  • phosphorylase expression system using transformants see Kriegler, Gene Transfer and Expression-A Laoratory Manual, Stockton Press, (1990) and Yokota et al., Biomanual Series 4, Gene transfer and expression. ⁇ It can be constructed with reference to analysis method, Yodosha, 1996 (Japan), etc.
  • the recombinant DNA used to produce the phosphatase is the translation initiation codon at the 5 'and 5' ends of the DNA encoding the phosphatase inserted in the vector, and the 3 'end It may have a stop codon.
  • a translation initiation codon and a translation termination codon can also be added using an appropriate synthetic nucleic acid adapter.
  • a promoter is placed upstream of the DNA. — It is preferable to connect
  • the promoter used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a promoter corresponding to a host used for gene expression. If the host is a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, a tac promoter, a trp promoter, a 1ac promoter, etc. are preferred. If the host is a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, an SPO1 promoter, an SPO2 promoter, etc. Is preferred.
  • the recombinant DNA to be introduced preferably has a ribosome binding site together with a promoter. When the host is yeast, a PGK promoter, a GAP promoter, an ADH promoter, etc. are preferred.
  • a SV40-derived promoter, a retroviral promoter, Metabolic promoters and heat shock promoters can be used.
  • the DNA used for producing the phosphatase of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it encodes a phosphatase including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the DNA of SEQ ID NO: 2 encoding DRAK1 and the DNA of SEQ ID NO: 5 encoding DRAK2 can be used.
  • a known nucleotide sequence can be bound to DNA encoding the phosphatase.
  • nucleic acids encoding antigen epitopes can be added to facilitate detection of the produced protein. This For an example of such a technique, see Choe, H. et al., Cell, 85, 1135-1148, 1996.
  • a transformant for producing a phosphatase is obtained by introducing the recombinant DNA constructed as described above into a host cell capable of expressing DNA.
  • a host cell capable of expressing DNA.
  • the above-mentioned Escherichia genus, Bacillus genus, yeast, animal cells and the like can be used.
  • animal cells are preferred, and monkey cells such as COS-7, Vero cells, Chinese hamster cells CHO: silkworm cells SF9, and the like can be mentioned.
  • a transformant can be produced by introducing the above-described expression vector into a COS-7 cell.
  • DRAK1 or DRAK2 as the phosphorylating enzyme of the present invention can be produced.
  • the production of the phosphorylase from the cultured transformant can be confirmed by the Western bloUing method used in Examples 7 and 8.
  • the phosphorylases DRAK 1 and DRAK 2 of the present invention are enzymes obtained based on the genetic information of DAP kinase, which is known to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells.
  • the experiments in Examples 10 and 11 confirmed that DRAK1 and DRAK2 had apoptosis-inducing activity. An experiment using DRAK 1 is described below.
  • FLAG-DRAKl (p EFBOS-FLAG-DRAK 1), wild-type DRAK 1, FLAG-DRAK1K90A (pE FBOS-FLAG-DRAK1K90A), DRAK 1 with phosphatase activity, and Vector as control (pEFBOSmock) was transiently introduced into NIH 3T3 cells together with the LacZ expression vector (pEFBOS-LacZ) using the lipofection method. X-ga1 staining was performed 36 hours after transfection. As a result, wild-type DRAK1-transfected cells showed typical apoptotic morphology with nuclear aggregation.
  • the percentages of cells showing apoptotic morphology of wild-type DRAK1-introduced cells and deletion-type DRAK1-introduced cells were 25.3% and 2.1%, respectively. Similar results have been obtained for DRAK 2.
  • the transformed DRAK1 or DRAK2 cells of the present invention show an apoptosis morphology, which is effective for screening compounds having apoptosis inhibitory activity. .
  • the present inventors examined the relationship between the apoptosis-inducing activity of DRAK1 and DRAK2 and the activity of its phosphatase by conducting the experiments shown in Examples 10 to 15. It has been confirmed that elementary activity is essential for induction of apoptosis. Therefore, the phosphatase activity of the phosphatase of the present invention is also effective for screening substances that induce or suppress apoptosis. More specifically, according to the present invention, the phosphatase of the present invention or its peptide is brought into contact with a sample material, and the activity of the phosphatase (autophosphorylation activity, exogenous substrate phosphorylase activity) is obtained. Or apoptosis-inducing activity) as an indicator, and detecting a substance that suppresses or enhances the activity of the phosphorylase.
  • Antibodies that specifically recognize the phosphorylase DRAK1 or DRAK2 of the present invention can be prepared as described in Examples 16 and 17.
  • the length of the peptide used for preparing the antibody is not particularly limited, but may be any length that can characterize the phosphorylase protein of the present invention, and is preferably 6 amino acid residues or more. Can use a peptide having 8 amino acid residues or more.
  • the peptide is adjuvanted as it is, or after cross-linking with KLH (keyho 1 e-1 imp et hemocyanin), ⁇ -3 ⁇ 4, Dv i nse rum al bumin) and the carrier protein.
  • the antibody is inoculated into an animal, and the serum is collected to obtain an antiserum containing an antibody (polyclonal antibody) that recognizes a phosphorylase (DRAK1 or DRAK2). It is also possible to purify the antibody from the obtained antiserum and use it.
  • the animals to be inoculated with the antigen sheep, rabbits, goats, rabbits, mice, rats, etc. are used, but sheep and rabbits are used for the production of polyclonal antibodies. I like it.
  • amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3 and 6, or more than 6 amino acid residues selected from the amino acid sequence, preferably 8 amino acid residues can be fused with GST (daltathione S-transferase) or the like, and the resulting peptides can be used as antigens, either as purified or unpurified.
  • the antibody of the present invention can be prepared by various methods and gene cloning methods shown in a companion document (Antibodi es aboratory manual, E. Harlow et al., Old Spring Harbor Laboratory). Using the isolated immunoglobulin gene, it can also be produced as a recombinant antibody expressed in cells. Antibodies produced by such a method can also be used for purification of the phosphorylase of the present invention.
  • phosphatase having homology to DAP kinase.
  • the cDNA for the entire coding region of this phosphatase is a GenBank library.
  • EST fragment No. R 19772 [homology with DAP kinase is 56.3% (439 base)] extracted from 1997, Hybrid iz at shown in Reference Example 1. Obtained using the ion method.
  • the present inventors have designated the obtained protein encoded by cDNA as Trad. Search for the amino acid sequence of Trad, the DNA sequence encoding it, and the sequence of cDNA complementary to Trad in the database (GenBank Release, 100, April, 1997), respectively. All of them were new sequences.
  • Trad a novel protein, has a Dbl homology (DH) region, a prestrin-like region, and a phosphorylase region in a single polypeptide chain. It is a phosphatase having a domain structure similar to TRIO as shown in FIG. 0 and having autophosphorylation activity as shown in Reference Example 5. Trad is a phosphorylase that is different from DRAKI and DRAK2 of the present invention and does not show apoptosis-inducing activity in transformed cells.
  • DH Dbl homology
  • T rad is activated as a result of induction of apoptosis, and as a result of activation of T rad, cytoplasmic aggregation observed in apoptosis-inducing cells is caused by the action of plasma membrane skeletal proteins. It is estimated to be caused by
  • Tr The physiological function of ad was obtained from the Rho subfamily. That is, Ras, Rab, Rho, Ran, and the like are well known as low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) [Barbacid, M., Annu. Rev. Biochem. 56: 779 (1987); Salminen, A. et al., Cell 1, 49: 527 (1987); Bischof f, FR et al., Nature, 354: 80 (1991)].
  • G proteins G proteins
  • the G proteins exist inactivating the activated and GDP and binding that binds GTP, guanine nuc leot to activation of G protein ide exchange f actors GF s) force s fe Watte Rereru.
  • a typical example of 0 £ 3 is 0 13 1 [13, ⁇ 1. Et al., Nature, 4: 311 (1991)], but proteins that show GEF s activity against the Rho subfamily include proteins. Many have a Db1 homology (DH) region [Quilliam, LA et al., BioEssays, 17: 395 (1995)].
  • Rho-kinase LMa-tsui, T. et al., EMBO J. 15: 2208 (1996), which has Rho-binding activity, is a molecule involved in Rho signaling.
  • PDN Protein kinase N
  • Rho-kinase, MACKs, and others characterize the phosphorylase region of such molecules as Myotonic dystrophy kinase (DMK) [Vonder Ven, PF, and others, involved in muscular dystrophy. H leak 1. Gene 2: 1889 (1993)], and Trio is a DAP kinase that has apoptosis-inducing activity [Deiss, LP et al., Genes Dev. , 9:15 (1995)] and Zip kinase [Kawai, T. et al., Mo. Ce 11. Bio, 18: 1642 (1998)].
  • DMK Myotonic dystrophy kinase
  • T rad shows localization only in skeletal muscle, and also shows the same localization as intracellular skeletal protein, it is considered that T rad is useful for screening drugs that control skeletal muscle function.
  • T rad The amino acid sequence of T rad is described in SEQ ID NO: 29, but T ra d is not limited to this amino acid sequence. Therefore, Trad also includes “an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids have been deleted, replaced or added”. Such a sequence refers to an allelic or spontaneous mutation found in nature, as well as an amino acid sequence of a mutant obtained by using an artificial mutation or a genetic recombination technique. For such modification or substitution of amino acid, reference can be made to, for example, a patent application (International Publication WO96 / 26445) by Bennett et al.
  • T rad The amino acid sequence included as T rad is a polypeptide having phosphorylation activity possessed by T rad, and even if one amino acid residue is modified even if it is a modification of one amino acid residue. Amino acid sequences containing changes that result in loss of activity are not included.
  • peptide comprising at least 6 amino acids obtained from the full-length amino acid sequence of Trad described in SEQ ID NO: 29 is also useful.
  • Trad full-length protein and its partial peptides can be used for the preparation of a system for measuring enzyme activity for the purpose of diagnosis or therapy, the production of antibodies, Furthermore, it is useful for elucidation of a novel regulatory protein that regulates the enzyme activity.
  • the sequence consisting of the amino acids 987 to 1241 of SEQ ID NO: 29 is a sequence specific to a phosphatase, as shown in FIG. A peptide having this sequence is useful for preparing a system for measuring enzyme activity.
  • the sequence consisting of the amino acid at position 406 and the amino acid at position 406 in SEQ ID NO: 29 is a sequence unique to Db1-like protein, and the function of the Rho subfamily is examined.
  • sequence consisting of amino acids at positions 4334 to 5337 of SEQ ID NO: 29 is a sequence specific to a referencestatin-like protein. This sequence is known to be involved in protein binding [Musacchio, A et al., Trends
  • the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 29 represented by the first force, the first force, the first force, the second force, the second position, the second position, and the second position, Trad As shown in Example 28, this is a region presumed to be an epitope, and is useful for producing an antibody.
  • the present inventors described the nucleotide sequence of the DNA encoding T rad in SEQ ID NO: 28 of the sequence listing.
  • the DNA coding for Trad is not limited to these sequences, and DNA obtained by degeneracy of gene code and the like is also included in DNA for Trad. Therefore, the DNA of T rad includes (1) a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28 and a stringent And DNA having a homology of 70% or more with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.
  • DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions refers to washing conditions after hybridization, for example, by appropriately changing the temperature and the salt concentration to obtain nonspecific high-molecular-weight DNA.
  • a DNA consisting of at least 12 bases or a derivative thereof selected from the base sequence of the Trad DNA is also very useful.
  • Such DNAs include, for example, at least 12 or more, preferably 16 or more, and more preferably 18 or more bases selected from the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.
  • at least 12 or more, preferably 16 or more, and more preferably 18 or more selected from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30 which is a complementary strand of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28 DNA consisting of the above bases is also very useful.
  • DNA When target DNA is detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the T m (double-stranded dissociation temperature) It is desirable to use a DNA fragment with a temperature of 45 ° C or higher.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • the Tm can be estimated by summing one GC bond at 4 ° C and one AT bond at 2 ° C. Therefore, when the GC content is high, 12 bases of DNA are required, and when the GC content is about 50% in a general region, about 16 bases of DNA are required.
  • the target DNA can be detected even with a shorter nucleic acid.
  • the derivative of DNA the above-mentioned DNA is, for example, a derivative obtained by methylation, methylphosphate formation, deamination, or thiophosphate formation.
  • Examples of a method for genetic diagnosis using such DNA or its derivative include techniques such as hybridization and PCR.
  • the cloning of genes on the genome including humans is also possible, and the cloned genes can be used, for example, transgenic mice, gene-getting mice, and the present invention.
  • Recent genetic manipulations such as double knockout mice in which both genes and related genes are inactivated Using the technique, the more detailed function of the phosphorylase of the present invention can be elucidated.
  • DNA is the DNA consisting of the 3840th base from the 3706th base of SEQ ID NO: 28 or the 23rd base to the 33rd base of the Db1 region of SEQ ID NO: 28
  • a two-hybrid evaluation method for performing gene analysis utilizing the integrated action of protein and protein in cells [Hsu, H. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. ScI. USA.
  • the sequence consisting of the 1417th to 1728th bases of SEQ ID NO: 28 is a sequence specific to the prestrin-like protein, and this sequence is represented by This is useful for analyzing unique signaling molecules.
  • the base of SEQ ID NO: 30 which is the complementary strand of the cDNA of Trad is also available.
  • the use of 12 or more, preferably 16 or more, more preferably 18 or more DNAs in the sequence and its derivatives enables detection of Trad mRNA.
  • antisense nucleic acids for example, DNA or a derivative thereof, which is a fragment of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30, or a design based on the DNA sequence
  • it is possible to carry out techniques such as hybridization, primer extension, nuclease protection and the like.
  • administration of antisense nucleic acids to cells or living organisms may be considered for the purpose of clarifying more detailed functions of Trad.
  • T rad is a pathological condition, it is possible to treat the disease by suppressing gene expression using the above-mentioned antisense nucleic acid.
  • antisense nucleic acid into a suitable vector and use that vector for therapy.
  • suitable vector for example, a suitable vector and use that vector for therapy.
  • antisense nucleic acids See Murray: J. AH, edited by ANTISENSE RNA AND DNA, Wiley-Liss, Inc., 1992.
  • the sequence consisting of the 179th base to 209th base of SEQ ID NO: 30 described in the sequence listing is used for detection of Trad. It is possible to read it and it is effective for detecting T rad for diagnostic purposes.
  • a base sequence consisting of 20 to 40 bases in the vicinity of the 52nd and 36th positions of SEQ ID NO: 30 is effective. .
  • a recombinant DNA containing any of the above-mentioned DNAs can be prepared.
  • the vector used for preparing the recombinant DNA is not particularly limited, but a commonly used vector can be used. Specifically, PBR32, PUC8, pUC19, PUC18, and pUC119 derived from Escherichia coli (all manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd. in Japan), Bacillus subtilis-derived plasmid, and yeast-derived Plasmid and other positive vector vectors, and bacteriophage vectors such as gt10 and ⁇ gt11 (both manufactured by Stratagene, USA); However, any other substances can be used as long as they can be propagated in the host.
  • a vector of T rad is described in the vector p EFBOS LMisushima, S, et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 18: 5322 (1990)].
  • the plasmid pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad obtained by insertion is listed.
  • the recombinant DNA is introduced into a known host. That is, it is a microorganism or cell transformed with the recombinant DNA.
  • the host into which the recombinant DNA is introduced is not particularly limited, but is a microorganism or a cell capable of expressing the recombinant DNA.
  • prokaryotic cells such as Escherichia sp. (Escherichia coli) and Bacillus sp. Vectors can be introduced.
  • Escherichia bacteria include Escherichia coli K12, ⁇ 101, MC1061, LE392, JM109, and INVaF '. . Bacillus spp.
  • Bacillus spp. An example of this is Bacillus subtilis Ml114.
  • the phage vector can be introduced, for example, into the grown E. coli using the in vitro packaging method (Proc. Nat 1. Acad. Sc. 74: 3259-3263, 1977). it can.
  • Eukaryotic cells such as animal cells and insect cells can also be used as hosts.
  • Transformed cells obtained by transfecting Escherichia coli DH5a with a plasmid pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad containing cDNA encoding the entire amino acid sequence of T rad E.co1i: DH5 Hiichi pEFBOS— FLAG—hTrad was established in the Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology at the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan (U.S.A. 3105-1006, 1-3-1-3 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan). The deposit number was FERMBP — 6301 on March 19, 1990 on March 22nd, 1999, and was received.
  • Trad can be easily produced.
  • the expression system of T rad by the transformant see Kriegler, Gene Transfer nd Expres sion-A La or at ory Manual, Stockt on Pres s, (1990); and Yokota It can be constructed with reference to Biomanual Series 4, Gene transfer and expression / analysis methods, Yodosha, 1996 (Japan).
  • the recombinant DNA used to produce T rad has a translation initiation codon at the 5 'end of the T rad coding DNA inserted in the vector and a translation stop codon at its 3' end. It may be.
  • the translation start codon and translation stop codon should be It can also be added using an acid adapter. Further, it is preferable to connect a promoter upstream of the DNA in order to express the desired DNA.
  • the promoter used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a promoter corresponding to a host used for gene expression. If the host is a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, a tac promoter, a trp promoter, a 1 ac promoter are preferred, and if the host is a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, an SPO1 promoter, an SPO2 promoter, etc. are preferred. .
  • the recombinant DNA to be introduced preferably has a ribosome binding site together with a promoter.
  • yeast PGK promoter, GAP promoter, ADH promoter and the like are preferable.
  • the host is animal cells, SV40-derived promoter and retrovirus promoter are preferable. And promoters such as metal, methanolic promoter, and heat shock promoter.
  • DNA used for the production of Trad there is no particular limitation on the DNA used for the production of Trad, as long as it encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29.
  • the DNA of SEQ ID NO: 28 can be used.
  • a known nucleotide sequence can be bound to the DNA encoding Trad in order to produce a protein having a special function. For example, it may be necessary to add nucleic acids encoding antigen epitopes to facilitate detection of the produced protein. it can.
  • a transformant for producing Trad is obtained by introducing the recombinant DNA constructed as described above into a host cell capable of expressing DNA.
  • a host cell capable of expressing DNA.
  • the above-mentioned Escherichia genus, Bacillus genus, yeast, animal cells and the like can be used as the host.
  • animal cells are preferred, and examples include monkey cells such as COS—7, Vero cells, Chinese hamster cells CH ⁇ , and silkworm cells SF9.
  • a transformant can be produced by introducing the recombinant DNA into COS-7 cells. By culturing the transformant, Trad can be produced. The production of Trad by the cultured transformant can be confirmed by the Westernb1ottint method used in Reference Example 4.
  • Trad is a phosphorylase obtained from the genetic information of DAP kinase, which is known to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells, as shown in Fig. 10.
  • the phosphorylation enzyme region of T rad has 58, 41, 41, 31 and 30% homology with the phosphorylation enzyme regions of Trio, DAP kinase, Zip kinase, CaM kinase II and MLCK, respectively. Has the property.
  • the experiment in Reference Example 5 confirmed that Trad had phosphorylation activity.
  • wild-type Trad pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad
  • TradK1016A pEFBOS-FLAG-hTradK1016A
  • Vector as a control pEFBOS-FLAG-hTradK1016A
  • p EFBOSmock was transiently transfected into COS 7 cells using the Lipoff extraction method. 36 hours after gene transfer, immunoprecipitates were prepared using a FLAG tag, and the autophosphorylation activity was evaluated. As a result, as shown in Reference Example 5, it was revealed that only wild-type Trad had autophosphorylation activity.
  • the DH region of T rad is composed of T rio Ka 1 ir in [Ra shi du 1, MA et al., J. Bio 1. Chem., 272: 12667 (1997) ] And 0 1) have a homology of 67, 38, and 42% with the respective 011 regions.
  • many proteins exhibiting GEFs activity against the Rho subfamily have a Db1 homology (DH) region.
  • DH Db1 homology
  • Trad is a protein showing selective tissue localization in skeletal muscle. Based on the above, it is considered that it is possible to screen a substance having an activity of regulating the function of skeletal muscle using the phosphorylation activity of Trad for itself as an index, and as shown in Reference Example 8. Screening Created a method.
  • An antibody that specifically recognizes T rad can be prepared as shown in Reference Example 7.
  • the length of the peptide used for preparing the antibody is not particularly limited, but may be any length that is characteristic of the Trad protein, and may be at least 6 amino acid residues, preferably 8 amino acids.
  • a peptide having an acid residue or more can be used. This peptide is used as is, or after cross-linking with KLH (keyhole-l-impet hemocyanin) or BSA (bovine serum alumin and a recognizable carrier protein), and then inoculated into an animal with an adjuvant, if necessary, and the serum is recovered.
  • KLH keyhole-l-impet hemocyanin
  • BSA bovine serum alumin and a recognizable carrier protein
  • an antiserum containing an antibody (polyclonal antibody) that recognizes Trad can be obtained, and the antibody can be purified and used from the obtained antiserum.
  • the animals to be inoculated with oocytes include sheep, rabbits, goats, rabbits, mice, rats, etc., but sheep and rabbits are used for the production of polyclonal antibodies. It is also possible to produce a monoclonal antibody by a known method for producing hybridoma cells, in which case a mouse is preferred, and the mouse shown in SEQ ID NO: 29 is preferable.
  • the full length of the amino acid sequence or 6 ⁇ Mi acid residue or more selected Li by ⁇ Mi acid sequence, the preferred municipal district is 8 A Mi acid residue or more of the peptide GST (Darutachion S).
  • the resulting peptide can also be used as an antigen, purified or unpurified, by fusing it with the enzyme (transferase).
  • the antibody of the present invention can be used for various methods and gene cloning methods shown in a compendium (Antiboeies al aboratory manua l, E. Harlow et al. 1, Cold Spring Har or Laboratory). Using the immunoglobulin gene thus isolated, it can also be produced as a recombinant antibody expressed in cells. Antibodies produced by such a method can also be used for purification of Trad.
  • pT7Blue manufactured by Novagen, USA; hereinafter, referred to as Tiector
  • Tiector The mixture was mixed so that the molar ratio of the vector to the DNA was 3: 3.
  • DNA was incorporated into the vector using t (TaKaRa, Japan).
  • the DNA-integrated vector T-vector was transfected into E.
  • coli DH5a (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan), and ampicillin (manufactured by Sigma, USA) 50; ug Zml and X-gal L-Broth (manufactured by Nacalai, Japan) containing 200 gml was seeded on a plate of semi-solid medium and left at 37 ° C for about 12 hours. The white colonies that appeared were randomly selected, inoculated in 2 ml of L-Broth liquid medium containing the same concentration of ampicillin, and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C for about 8 hours.
  • the cells were collected, the plasmid was separated using a wizard domiprep (Promega, USA) according to the attached instructions, and the plasmid was separated with the restriction enzyme EcoRI (Japan). (TOYOB0, Japan) and restriction enzyme Sa1I (T0Y0B0, Japan). It was confirmed that the above PCR product was incorporated into the vector by cutting out about 400 bp of DNA. Determine the nucleotide sequence of the incorporated cDNA for the clones confirmed to retain the PCR product did.
  • the nucleotide sequence of the imported cDNA fragment was determined using a fluorescent sequencer manufactured by Applied Biosystems, USA. Sequence samples were prepared using PRISM, Ready Reaction Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied B systems, USA). In a 0.2 ml micro tube, add 10 .1 ⁇ of the reaction stock solution and 2 .10 ⁇ l of 1.6 pmo 1 / ⁇ 1 ⁇ 7 promoter primer (GIBC0 BRL, USA) ) And 8.01 of 0.10 / g Zl DNA for sequencing are added and mixed, and placed at 96 ° C for 10 seconds, 50 ° C.
  • a PCR amplification reaction was performed for 25 cycles, with C being 5 seconds and 60 ° C for 4 minutes as one cycle, and incubated at 4 ° C for 5 minutes.
  • 2.0 ⁇ l of sodium triacetate ( ⁇ 5.2) and 501 of ethanol were added, and the mixture was stirred and left at room temperature for 15 minutes.
  • the precipitate was collected by centrifugation at rpm for 15 minutes.
  • After the precipitate was washed with 70% ethanol, it was allowed to stand under vacuum for 2 minutes and dried to obtain a sample for sequencing.
  • the sequence sample is dissolved in 6. ⁇ ⁇ of formamide containing 10 mM EDTA, denatured at 90 ° C for 2 minutes, cooled on ice, and the denatured sample 2.
  • the 2P-labeled probe was prepared as follows. The base sequence from the 4th to 394th bases of AA2 7 8 7 7 4 is inserted into the vector T-Vect0r into which this sequence is incorporated, and the restriction enzyme Ec0RI (Japan, T0Y0B0 ) And restriction enzyme Sa1I (T0Y0B0, Japan), and cut out with 1.0% agarose. Electrophoresis was performed in the gel. After staining with ethidium mouth mouth (manufactured by Nippon Gene Co., Ltd., Japan), the band was observed under ultraviolet light, a band of about 400 bp was cut out from the gel, and the band was cut out with Wizard (Promega, USA, USA).
  • DNA fragment was labeled with a DNA labeling kit (Me gap lime DNA labeling system: Amersham, UK).
  • DNA 1 OSOng Z 1 was added to 5 ⁇ l of primer solution and deionized water to bring the total volume to 33 ⁇ l, followed by a boiling water bath for 5 minutes, and then 5X reaction solution 10 / ⁇ 1,- 3 2 P] dCTP (Amersham, UK) 5 ⁇ 1 and Klenow enzyme solution (T0Y0B0, Japan) 2 ⁇ 1 are added, and the mixture is water-bathed at 37 ° C for 10 minutes and radiolabeled.
  • the DNA fragment of AA27857574 was synthesized. After that, a Sephadex column (Probe eQuant G-50
  • the DNA fragment was purified by Microcosm 1 umns (Pharmacia, Sweden), boiled in a water bath for 5 minutes, and cooled with ice for 2 minutes to obtain a probe.
  • the filter prepared by the above method was applied to a final concentration of each component of SSC solution with 6 times concentration, Denhardt's solution with 5 times concentration (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Japan), 1% SDS (dodecyl sulfate sodium).
  • SSC solution Denhardt's solution with 5 times concentration
  • SDS dodecyl sulfate sodium
  • a hybridized solution containing denatured salmon sperm DNA (Sigma, USA) in a boiling water bath of 100,000 g / ml lime, Japan (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) And shaken at 65 ° C from 0.5 force for 1 hour. Then added 32 P-labeled probe in the hive Li Dizeshiyo down liquid, to try O by shaking 1 6 h at 6 5 ° C, Neubridization was performed.
  • the filter is immersed in a SSC solution containing 0.1% SDS containing 2% final concentration of each component, washed once at 65 ° C, and further added with 0.2% SSC.
  • the plate was washed twice with a washing solution containing 0.1% SDS at 65 ° C for 30 minutes.
  • the washed finoletter was subjected to autoradiography at 185 ° C using a sensitizing screen. As a result, he picked up the strongly exposed portion of the clone, re-plated the plaque again, performed screening twice as described above, and completely isolated the single clone.
  • the purified DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI, and incorporated into a plasmid pBluescript II KS (+) (Stratagene, USA) similarly digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI.
  • the DNA sequence of these clones was analyzed using a DNA sequencer to determine the sequence of DRAK1 of SEQ ID NO: 3.
  • a transformed cell E.co1i DH5 ⁇ - transformed with a plasmid hDRAKl-pBS containing cDNA encoding the entire amino acid sequence of DRAK1 of the present invention into Escherichia coli DH5a hDRAKl-pBS is Deposited with the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan on January 21, 1997 under the accession number: FE RM BP — 6180.
  • the 5 'end was closed by the following method.
  • the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 10 prepared based on the nucleotide sequence information of AA4196612 and the adapter primer (AP-1) attached to the kit )
  • the PCR was performed for 30 cycles.
  • the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 11 prepared from the nucleotide sequence information of AA4196612 and the adapter primer attached to the kit ( 30 cycle PCR was performed using AP-2), and the clone having the 5 'end of DRAK 2 was cloned.
  • the 3 'end was cloned.
  • the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 12 and the AP attached to the kit were prepared based on the nucleotide sequence information of the 5 'end of DRAK2 determined previously. — 30 cyclnore PCR reactions were performed using 1 primer. This PCR product was subjected to 30-cycle PCR using ⁇ , the synthetic oligonucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 and ⁇ II-2 primer, and a clone having a DRAK2 3'-end. Was cloned.
  • DRAK2 was amplified by PCR, it was purified by Wizard (Promega, USA) and then cloned using a TA cloning kit (Novagen, USA).
  • T-vector pT7Blue (available from Novagen, USA; hereinafter referred to as T-vector) as a vector
  • mixing was performed so that the molar specific force between the vector and the DNA was S1: 3.
  • the DNA was incorporated into the vector using the Ligation kit (TaKaRa, Japan).
  • DNA is integrated Tabeku terpolymers T-vec tor E. coli DH 5 a (Japan, Ltd.
  • T0Y0B0 companies were transfected into, A down Pishi Li emissions (US, manufactured 318111 3 companies) 5 0 ⁇ Seed on a plate of L-Broth (TaKaRa, Japan) semi-solid medium containing 200 g / ml of Zml and X-gal (manufactured by Nakarai, Japan) for about 12 hours 3 7 Left at ° C.
  • the white colonies that appeared were randomly selected, inoculated in 2 ml of L-Broth liquid medium containing the same concentration of ampicillin, and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C for about 8 hours. Thereafter, the cells were collected, and after collecting the plasmid, the sequence of the integrated full-length DNA was determined.
  • the total length of human DRAK2 was finally determined, and the DNA sequence of DRAK2 of SEQ ID NO: 5 was determined.
  • a plasmid h containing a cDNA encoding the entire amino acid sequence of DRAK 2 of the present invention h DRAK 2 — pT7 is transformed into E. coli DH5a.
  • a transformed cell E.co1i: DH5 ⁇ -hDRAK2- ⁇ 7 was deposited internationally with the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan on January 21, 1997 under the accession number: FERMBP — 6181.
  • Northern hybridization was performed using the translation region of human DRAK1 as a probe, using Human Mul tip 1 e Tissue Northern Blot (manufactured by CLONTECH, USA). .
  • the radiolabel of the probe is Megaprim e DNA l abe l ing sys t em ( UK, Ame rsh am Inc.) and [c - 32 P] d CT P ( UK, Amersham Corp.) was used.
  • DRAK2 expression was observed in almost all tissues.
  • DRAK1 with FLAG epitope added to the N-terminal side was amplified by PCR. Amplification was performed using Amp1 iTaq (Norkin Kinmera, USA) using the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 14 as the sense primer and the antisense primer as the antisense primer. The synthetic oligonucleotide described in No. 15 was used. PCR is performed at 94 ° C for 1 minute, followed by two cycles of 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 56 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 1 minute, followed by 72 ° C for 10 minutes. Was.
  • the amplified PCR product was digested with restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by TOY0B0, Japan).
  • the expression vector (pEF-BOS) [Mi zush ima, S. et al., Nucl eic Acids Res., 18: 5322 (1990)], digested with restriction enzyme XbaI (TaKaRa, Japan), and then Blunting kit (TaKaRa, Japan).
  • the ends were blunted, and Sai 1 inker was connected with 1 igation kit (TaKaRa, Japan).
  • the obtained plasmid was cut with a restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan), and the PCR products prepared above were connected to obtain pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1.
  • a phosphatase activity-deficient mutant in which the 90th lysine was substituted with alanine was synthesized with the synthetic oligonucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 and a Trn product manufactured by CL0NTECH, USA.
  • An ans former Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit was prepared according to the attached protocol to obtain pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1K90A.
  • the expression vector (pEF-BOS) [Mizushima, S, et al., Nuc eic Acids Res., 18: 5322 (1990)] was cleaved with restriction enzyme XbaI (TaKaRa, Japan). Thereafter, the ends were blunted with Blunt ing kit (TaKaRa, Japan), and Sail 1 inker was connected with ligat ion kit (TaKaRa, Japan).
  • the obtained plasmid is cut with restriction enzyme Sa11 (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan), the PCR products prepared above are connected to vectors, respectively, and pEFBOS-Myc-DRAK1, pEFBOS- My c-DRAKl 345 and pEFB0S-My c-DRAK1 321 were obtained.
  • DRAK 2 with FLAG epitope added to the N-terminal side was amplified by PCR. Amplification was performed using Amp 1 i Taq (produced by Nokinkin Elmer Inc., USA). The synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 16 was used as a sense primer, and the SEQ ID NO was used as an antisense primer. The synthetic oligonucleotide described in 17 was used. After 1 minute at 94 ° C, the PCR was performed for 2 cycles at 30 ° C for 30 seconds, 30 seconds for 56 ° C, and 1 minute for 72 ° C, followed by 10 minutes at 72 ° C. I got it.
  • the amplified PCR product was digested with restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan).
  • restriction enzyme Sa1I manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan
  • pEF-BOS restriction enzyme
  • XbaI restriction enzyme
  • kit kit
  • the sail inker was connected with liga ion kit (Japan, TaKaRa).
  • the obtained plasmid was digested with restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by TOYOB0, Japan), and the PCR products prepared above were connected to obtain PEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK2.
  • a phosphatase activity-deficient mutant (DRAK2K62A) in which the second lysine was substituted with alanine was synthesized with the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 19 and a Transformer manufactured by CL0NTECH, USA.
  • the Site-Directed Mutagenes is Kit, the attached protocol (prepared in accordance therewith-pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK2K62A was obtained.
  • Amplification of Myc—DRAK2, Myc—DRAK2 1-315, Myc—DRAK2 1—293 using Amp 1 i Taq (manufactured by Pakinkin Elma Inc., USA)
  • the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 24 was used as a sense primer for amplification, and the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 25 was used as an antisense primer for amplification of Myc-DRAK2.
  • Nucleotide was used as the antisense primer for amplification of Myc-DRAK21-315, and the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 26 was used as Myc-DRAK21--2.
  • the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 27 was used as an antisense primer for amplification of 93. PCR is performed at 94 ° C for 1 minute, followed by two cycles of 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 56 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 1 minute, and then for 72 ° C for 10 minutes. Was.
  • the amplified PCR product was digested with restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan).
  • the expression vector-[(pEF-BOS)] iz ush ima, S.
  • Wild-type DRAK 1 (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1), phosphatase-deficient DRAKlK90A (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1K90A), and a control (pEFBO Smock) were separately transferred to COS-17 cells (ATCC No. CR-1651). In accordance with the Huxion Law, it was introduced on a temporary basis. 36 hours later, 0.5% NP — 40, 10 mM Tris — HCl (pH 7.5), preparation of 500 jl cell extract of 150 mM NaCl The cells were solubilized in a buffer to prepare a cell extract.
  • the cells were exposed to an X-ray film using Renaissance (manufactured by DuPont, USA) to confirm the molecular weight of the expressed protein.
  • Fig. 2 (a) the FLAG sequences of the expressed wild-type DRAK1 (FLAG-DRAK1), the activity-deficient DRAK1 (FLAG-DRAK1 K90A), and the control (Vector) were used.
  • FLAG Blot western
  • identified that the molecular weight of DRAK 1 is 54 kDa.
  • Myc — DRAK 1 (p EFBOS-My c-DRAKl), Myc-DRAK l 1 — 3 4 5 (pEFBOS-y c-DRAKl 1 -345), Myc-DRAK l 1 — 3 2 1 (p EFBOS-My c-DRAKl 1-321) and a control (Vector) were each used for COS-17 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1).
  • the cells were solubilized in a 500 / xl cell extract preparation buffer consisting of (pH 7.5) and 150 mM NaCl, and a cell extract was prepared.
  • a 500 / xl cell extract preparation buffer consisting of (pH 7.5) and 150 mM NaCl
  • a cell extract was prepared.
  • Add 20 ⁇ l of Laemml is amp 1 eb uf fer (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan) to 20 ⁇ l of this cell extract, and add it at 94 ° C for 5 minutes.
  • Wild-type DRAK 2 (PEFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2), phosphatase-deficient DRAK2K62A (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK2K62A), and control (pEFBO Smock) were each separately transferred to COS-7 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1651). In accordance with the Huxion Law, it was introduced on a temporary basis. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP — 40, 10 mM Tris — HCl (pH 7.5), 500 mM NaCl, extraction of 501 cells The cells were solubilized in a liquid preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract.
  • the filter was reacted with an HRP-labeled anti-Myc antibody (manufactured by Invitrogen, The Netherlands) diluted 100-fold, washed with TBS-0.5% Tween20, and renaisance (US, DuPont) was used to expose the X-ray film, and the molecular weight of the expressed protein was determined.
  • HRP-labeled anti-Myc antibody manufactured by Invitrogen, The Netherlands
  • TBS-0.5% Tween20 washed with TBS-0.5% Tween20
  • renaisance US, DuPont
  • Blocking was performed for 60 minutes at room temperature using (1). Next, perform primary staining for 60 minutes with the anti-01 ⁇ 2 antibody (manufactured by Kodak Company, USA) diluted 300 times, and wash three times with PBS (-).
  • FITC-conjugated anti-mouse antibody U.S.A., manufactured by Bio Source International Inc.-Tago Products
  • DAPI 6-diamidino-2-phenyl indole
  • AX80 (Olympus, Japan) used for microscopic observation For detection of DRAK1 and DRAK2, excitation wavelength of 470 to 490 nm for detecting FITC, excitation wavelength of 515 to 550 nm, and excitation of DAPI for staining nuclei are detected. Wavelengths of 345 to 364 nm and detection wavelengths of 455 to 461 nm were used.
  • DRAK1 is a phosphorylase obtained based on the genetic information of DAP kinase. Since DAP kinase induces apoptosis in HeLa cells, it was confirmed whether DRAK1 has apoptosis-inducing activity.
  • Wild-type DRAK 1 (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK 1), phosphatase-deficient DRAK1K90A (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1K90A), and control (pEFBO Smock) were each used to express the LacZ expression vector (pEFBOS-LacZ).
  • pEFBOS-LacZ phosphatase-deficient DRAK1K90A
  • pEFBO Smock pEFBO Smock
  • Fig. 4 (a) The ratio of cells that produced wild-type DRAK 1 or DRAK 1K90A lacking phosphatase activity (that is, cells that developed color) was compared to the control cells, respectively. Compared. The results are shown in Fig. 4 (a). As shown in Fig. 4 (a), wild-type DRAK 1 exhibited a typical apoptosis morphology with nuclear aggregation. The percentage of cells showing apoptosis morphology due to the introduction of wild-type DRAK1 and deletion-type DRAK1 was 25.3% and 2.1%, respectively.
  • DRAK2 is a phosphorylase obtained based on the genetic information of DAPkinase. Since DAPnase induces apoptosis in HeLa cells, it was confirmed whether DRAK2 has apoptosis-inducing activity.
  • Wild-type DRAK 2 (pEFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2), phosphatase-deficient DRAK2K62A (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK2K62A), and control (pEFBO Smock) were each used for the LacZ expression vector (pEFBOS-LacZ).
  • transiently transfected into NIH 3T3 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1658) using Trans IT LT-1 (TaKaRa, Japan) according to the lipofusion method did.
  • X-ga 1 staining was performed 36 hours after the introduction.
  • the DRAK 1 phosphorylase domain (SEQ ID NO: 3 from positions 61 to 32 3) has high homology to the calmodulin-dependent phosphorylase family (CaM kinase fami i y). In the comparison of the amino acid sequences of DAP kinase and DRAK1 as described above, it was found that the phosphorylase domain was conserved in DRA ⁇ 1. Figure 6 shows a comparison of the amino acid sequences. Therefore, the phosphorylase activity of DRAK1 was directly confirmed.
  • Wild-type DRAK 1 (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK 1), phosphatase-deficient DRAKlK90A (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1K90A), and control (pEFBO Smock) were each transferred to COS-7 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1651). Introduced in accordance with the Poffex Law. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP—40, 10 mM Tris—HC 1 (pH 7.5), 500 mM NaCl, 500 / l cell extract The cells were solubilized with the preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract.
  • the non-specifically adsorbed protein is removed twice from the cell extract using 50 ⁇ l of Protein G agarose beads (Pharmacia, Sweden) on the cell extract of 100 ju1 according to a standard method.
  • Lg anti-FLAG antibody Kodak, USA
  • 50 ⁇ l of Protein G agarose beads Pharmacia, Sweden
  • Beads 0 ⁇ l were reacted overnight at 4 ° C.
  • the beads after the reaction were washed three times with a cell extract preparation buffer 1003 to prepare an immunoprecipitate.
  • Wild-type FLAG-DRAK2 (p EFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2), FLAG-DRAK2K62A (pEFBOS_FLAG-DRAK2K62A) lacking phosphorylation enzyme activity, and a control vector (pEFBOSmock) were each treated with COS — 7 cells (ATCC number CR / 1651). ) was temporarily introduced in accordance with the Lipofyxion Law. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP — 40, 10 mM Tris — HCl (pH 7.5), 500 mM NaCl, 500 ⁇ l cell extract The cells were solubilized with the preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract.
  • Peptides from Asn at position 353 to Ser at position 364 of SEQ ID NO: 3 were synthesized, and immunized to rabbits as an immunogen, and the antibody titer was measured. Thereafter, whole blood is collected, serum is collected, and an anti-human DRAK1 protein is used in an Econopack serum IgG purification kit (Bio-Rad, USA) according to the attached instruction manual. The local antibody was purified.
  • Peptides from Arg at position 319 to Asn at position 331 in SEQ ID NO: 6 were synthesized, and immunized to rabbits as an immunogen, and the antibody titer was measured. Thereafter, whole blood is collected, serum is collected, and an anti-human DRAK2 protein and a heron polyclonal antibody are purified using an Econopack serum IgG purification kit manufactured by Bio-Rad, USA, according to the attached instruction manual. Was purified and produced.
  • Wild-type DRAK1 (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1) was introduced into COS-7 cells (ATCC No. CR-1651) in a reproducible manner according to the lipofiction method. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP_40, 50 mM MTris-HC1 (pH 7.5), 500 mM cell extract consisting of 150 mM MNaCl The cells were solubilized in a preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract. Next, an immunoprecipitate was prepared from the cell extract using an anti-FLAG antibody (manufactured by Kodak, USA) and Protein Gagarose beads (manufactured by Pharmacia, Sweden) according to a standard method.
  • an anti-FLAG antibody manufactured by Kodak, USA
  • Protein Gagarose beads manufactured by Pharmacia, Sweden
  • Chelerythrin Chloride (manufactured by CALB I OCHEM, USA), which is commercially available as a phosphatase inhibitor, was used as an evaluation compound, and the concentration of DMSO (manufactured by GIBO BRL, USA) was 10 mM. Dissolved. This was used as a stock solution and diluted with distilled water to prepare a solution of 400 mg. For comparison, a solution obtained by diluting DMSO with distilled water so as to have the same concentration as the evaluation concentration was used.
  • the degree of phosphorylation of the protein was determined by measuring the degree of blackening of the film, specifically BAS-200 Bio. Imaging Analyzer (Fuji Photo Film, Japan) The amount of radioactivity when a DMSO solution containing no evaluation compound was used was used as a control, and the inhibitory activity was determined based on the decrease rate. Concentration) does not show inhibitory activity Was.
  • Wild-type DRAK2 (PEFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2) was transiently introduced into COS-7 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1651) according to the lipofection method. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP-40, 10 mM MTris-HC 1 (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl force, extraction of 500 ⁇ l of cells The cells were solubilized with a liquid preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract. Next, an immunoprecipitate was prepared from the cell extract using an anti-FLAG antibody (Kodak, USA) and Protein Gagarose beads (Pharmacia) according to a standard method.
  • Chelerythrin Chloride (manufactured by CALBIOCHEM, USA), which is commercially available as a phosphatase inhibitor, was used as an evaluation compound and dissolved in DMSO (GIBO BRL) to 10 mM. This was used as a stock solution and diluted with distilled water to prepare a solution of 400 ⁇ ⁇ . For comparison, a solution prepared by diluting DM SQ with distilled water so as to have the same concentration as the evaluation concentration was used. (3) Method for measuring inhibitory activity
  • an immunoprecipitate was prepared.
  • the non-specifically adsorbed protein was removed twice using 100 ⁇ l of cell extract and 50 ⁇ l of Protein G agarose beads (Pharmacia, Sweden) according to the standard method from the cell extract. went.
  • the cell extract (50 ⁇ l) subjected to the non-specifically adsorbed protein removal treatment was reacted with anti-c-Myc (9E10) -Agarose (Santa Cruz, USA) 101 at 4 ° C. overnight. Agarose after the reaction was washed three times with 100 ⁇ l of cell extract preparation buffer to obtain an immunoprecipitate.
  • the protein after reaction is developed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using 4 to 20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), and the gel is dried to dryness. -Attached to radiography. Then, Myc — DRAK 1, Myc-DRAKl 1 — 345, Myc — DRAK1 1 — 321, which are about 54 kDa, about 45 kDa, about 42
  • the degree of blackening of the kDa protein or the degree of blackening of the MLC protein of about 21 kDa was measured to detect autophosphorylation activity or phosphorylation activity for each MLC. The results are shown in the upper part of Fig. 7 (a). As shown in the upper part of FIG.
  • an immunoprecipitate was prepared.
  • the non-specifically adsorbed protein was removed twice using 100 ⁇ l of cell extract and 50 ⁇ l of Protein G agarose beads (Pharmacia, Sweden) according to the standard method from the cell extract. went. 50 ⁇ l of the cell extract subjected to the non-specifically adsorbed protein removal treatment and 10 ⁇ l of anti-c-Myc (9E10) -Agarose (manufactured by Santa Cruz, USA) were reacted overnight at 4 ° C. The Agarose after the reaction was washed three times with a cell extract preparation buffer 1003 to obtain an immunoprecipitate.
  • Laemml i samp 1 e buiie r manufactured by TEFCO, Japan
  • the phosphorylation reaction was stopped by treating at 94 ° C for 5 minutes.
  • the protein after reaction is developed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using 4-20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), and the gel is evaporated to dryness. The radiography was attached.
  • PT7B 1 ue T-vector, manufactured by Novagen, USA
  • the vector and the DNA were mixed so that the molar ratio thereof was 1: 3, and Ligat was used.
  • DNA was incorporated into the vector using an ion kit (TaKaRa, Japan).
  • the vector T-vector incorporating the DNA was transfected into Escherichia coli DH5a (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan), and ampicillin (manufactured by Sigma, USA) was added to 50 g Zml and X-gal ( L-Broth (manufactured by Nakarai Co., Ltd., Japan) containing 200 ⁇ g / m1 Seed on a semi-solid medium plate (manufactured by TaKaRa, Japan) and left at 37 ° C for about 12 hours did.
  • the white colonies that appeared were randomly selected, inoculated in 2 ml of L-Br0th liquid medium containing the same concentration of ampicillin, and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C for about 8 hours. Thereafter, the cells were collected, the plasmid was isolated using Withomid prep (Promega, USA) according to the attached instructions, and the plasmid was separated with the restriction enzyme Ec0RI (Japan, Japan). (T0Y0B0) and restriction enzyme Sa1I (T0Y0B0, Japan). Approximately 300 bp of DNA was excised, confirming that the above PCR product was incorporated into the vector. The nucleotide sequence of the incorporated cDNA was determined for the clone in which the retention of the PCR product was confirmed.
  • the nucleotide sequence of the imported cDNA fragment is determined by the Applied Bi The measurement was performed using a fluorescent sequencer manufactured by O. Systems. Sequence samples are prepared using PRISM, Ready Reaction Dye Term
  • the probe labeled with the radioactive isotope 32 P was prepared as follows.
  • the 6th to 304th base sequence of R19772 is restricted to EcoRI (Toyobo, Japan) by the vector ⁇ - ⁇ ecr in which this sequence is incorporated.
  • the cells were cut out with the enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by TOYOBO, Japan) and electrophoresed in a 1.0% agarose 'gel. After staining with Etchizumbu Mide (Made in Japan, Nippon Gene Co., Ltd.), the cells were observed under ultraviolet light to obtain about 300 The bp band was cut out from the gel and purified using Wizard (produced by Promega, USA).
  • the obtained DNA fragment was labeled using a DNA labeling kit (Megaprime DNA labeling system: manufactured by Amersham Co., Ltd.). To 10 to 50 ng / jul of DNA, add 5 ⁇ l of primer solution and deionized water to bring the total volume to 33 ⁇ l, perform a boiling water bath for 5 minutes, and then add 5 ⁇ l of reaction solution. , [a - 32 P] dCTP ( UK, Amersham Corp.) 5/1, and K 1 Enow enzyme solution (Japan, T0Y0B0 companies, Ltd.) was added to 2 mu 1, and a water bath for 10 minutes at 3 7 ° C Then, a radiolabeled R19772 DNA fragment was synthesized.
  • a DNA labeling kit Megaprime DNA labeling system: manufactured by Amersham Co., Ltd.
  • the DNA fragment was purified using a Sephadex column (ProbeQuant G-50 Microcolumns: Pharmacia), and after boiling in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes, ice-cooling for 2 minutes to obtain a probe.
  • the filter prepared by the above method was applied to a SSC solution with a final concentration of 6 times for each component, Denhardt's solution with 5 times the concentration (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Japan), 1% SDS (Japan, Japan).
  • the product is immersed in a hybridization solution containing denatured salmon sperm DNA (manufactured by Sigma, USA) in a boiling water bath of 100 g / ml and a boiling water bath of 100 g / ml, and is immersed at 0.5 to 1 at 65 ° C. Shake time. Then added 32 P-labeled probe hybridized Daizeshi tio down liquid, to try O by shaking 1 6 h at 6 5 ° C, the hive re Dizesho down line ivy.
  • the purified DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI (manufactured by TOYOBO, Japan), and similarly, the plasmid pBluescript II KS (+) digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI (manufactured by TOYOBO, Japan) ) (Manufactured by Stratagene, Japan).
  • the DNA sequence of these clones was analyzed by a DNA sequencer to determine the full-length sequence of Trad, and was described in SEQ ID NO: 28.
  • the Tradc DNA integrated into Notlsite of plasmid pBluescr ipt 11 KS (+) (Stratagene, USA) was used as type II, and FLAG epitope was added to the N-terminal side.
  • the rad was amplified by PCR. Amplification was performed using Amplitaq (manufactured by Perkin Elmer, Inc., USA), and a synthetic oligonucleotide, a sense primer described in SEQ ID NO: 33 and an antisense primer described in SEQ ID NO: 34, were used. .
  • PCR was performed at 94 ° C for 1 minute, followed by 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 60 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 1 minute for 30 cycles.
  • a phosphorylase-deficient mutant in which the 106th lysine was substituted with alanine was synthesized with CL0NTECH, USA, using the synthetic oligonucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 35.
  • Transformer Site—Di rected Mutagenes is Kit was prepared according to the protocol described in the attached, and pEFBOS-FLAG-hTradK1016A was obtained.
  • the prepared expression vector (PEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad, pEFBOS-FLAG-hTradK1016A) was introduced into Escherichia coli DH5a (manufactured by TOYOBO, Japan) to obtain a transformant.
  • ⁇ - ⁇ EFBOS-FLAG- hT rad was submitted to the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan at the Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology, on March 19, 1999 under the accession number: FE RM BP—6301. International deposit.
  • Wild-type T rad (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad), phosphatase deficient 3 (11 (1016 £? 803-? 1 ⁇ 0-11 ⁇ 3 (111016)), and control (pEFB OSmock) were used as COS _ Transiently transfected into 7 cells (ATCC No.
  • NP — 40,1 Cells were solubilized in a 500 ⁇ l cell extract preparation buffer consisting of 0 mM Tris-HC1 (pH 7.5) and 150 mM NaCl, To this cell extract (20 ⁇ l) was added 20 ⁇ l of Laemm1 i sample buffer (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan), and the mixture was treated at 94 ° C. for 5 minutes.
  • the rad phosphorylase domain (SEQ ID NO: 29, 987 to 1241) is highly associated with the calmodulin-dependent phosphorylase family (Cam kinase family). Compared to the amino acid sequences of DAP kinase and T rad, which have homology, it was found that the phosphatase domain was conserved in T rad (see Figure 10). ). Therefore, the phosphatase activity of Trad was directly confirmed. Wild-type FLAG- T rad (p EFBOS-FLAG -hT rad), ⁇ I ⁇ Motokatsu ten students deletion type 1? 1 ⁇ 6-1 ⁇ 3 (111,016 eight £?
  • NP — 40 10 mM Tris — HC 1 (pH 7.5)
  • Preparation of 50,000 ⁇ 1 cell extract solution of 150 mM NaC 1 A cell extract was prepared. Next, 100 ⁇ l of the cell extract was treated twice with 50 ⁇ l of Protein G agarose beads (manufactured by FANORE Masia, Sweden) according to a standard method from the cell extract to remove nonspecifically adsorbed proteins twice. went.
  • Phosphorylated buffer 2 consisting of 50 mM Tris_HCl (pH 7.0), 10 mM MgCl 2, and 3 mM MMnCl2 in 20 ⁇ l of immunoprecipitate 0 mu 1 and the 1 0 ⁇ C i [ ⁇ - 32 P] ATP ( UK, Amersham Corp.) was added and promote phosphorylation reaction was incubated for 15 minutes at 3 0 ° C. Thereafter, 20 ⁇ l of Laemml sample le buf fer (manufactured by TEFC 0, Japan) was added, and the mixture was treated at 94 ° C. for 5 minutes to stop the phosphorylation reaction.
  • Laemml sample le buf fer manufactured by TEFC 0, Japan
  • the cells were washed three times with PBS (-), and then blocked with PBS (-) containing 3% BSA (SIGMA, USA) at room temperature for 60 minutes.
  • PBS (-) containing 3% BSA SIGMA, USA
  • primary staining was carried out at room temperature for 60 minutes using lO iUg Zml anti-FLAG antibody (manufactured by Kodak Company, USA) and PBS (-) containing 3% BSA.
  • AX80 (Olympus, Japan) was used for microscopic observation, and the excitation wavelength for detecting FITC was 470-490 nm and the detection wavelength was 515- A 550 nm finalizer was used.
  • a filter having an excitation wavelength of 52 to 550 nm for detecting rhodamin and a detection wavelength of 580 nm or more was used.
  • the peptide synthesis described above was performed by the Fmoc solid-phase synthesis method [Shinsei Kagaku Lecture Course 1 ⁇ Protein VI synthesis and expression, published by Tokyo Chemical Dojin (Japan)], and 2 mg of the obtained synthetic peptide was used.
  • An equivalent amount of the carrier protein KLH (keyhole_l impet hemocyani) (manufactured by PIERCE, USA) was conjugated by the maleimide method and used as an antigen.
  • One 2.5 kg heron NZW, Japan, SLE, Japan
  • Wild-type Trad (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad) was transfected into COS-7 cells (AT CC No. CR-1651) by the lipofection method (Mirus, USA). After 36 hours, 0.5% NP — 40,10 mM MTris — HC 1 (pH 7.5), 150 mM M NaC 1 500 ⁇ l cell extract The cells were solubilized using a preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract. Next, immunoprecipitates were prepared from the cell extract using an anti-FLAG antibody (manufactured by Kodak Company, USA) and Protein G agarose beads (manufactured by Pharmacia, Sweden) according to a standard method.
  • an anti-FLAG antibody manufactured by Kodak Company, USA
  • Protein G agarose beads manufactured by Pharmacia, Sweden
  • Chelerythine Chloride (manufactured by CALBIOCHEM, USA), which is commercially available as a phosphatase inhibitor, was used as an evaluation compound and dissolved in DMSO (manufactured by GIBCO BRL, USA) to 10 mM. This solution was used as a stock solution, diluted with distilled water to prepare a solution of 400 ⁇ , and used. For comparison, DMS ⁇ was diluted with distilled water to the same concentration as the evaluation concentration.
  • La emm 1 isample b uiier (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan) was given 201 calories and treated at 94 ° C for 5 minutes to stop the phosphorylation reaction.
  • a 4 to 20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan)
  • the Trad after the reaction was developed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
  • the gel was dried and the degree of autophosphorylation of about 150 kDa protein, which was T rad, was determined by autoradiography by measuring the degree of blackening of the film. .
  • the radioactivity was measured using a BAS-20000 bio-imaging analyzer (manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Japan).
  • the novel oxidative enzyme of the present invention By using the novel oxidative enzyme of the present invention, a drug useful for the prevention or treatment of an apoptosis-related disease can be prepared. Furthermore, the oxidative enzyme of the present invention is useful for establishing a method for screening apoptosis-regulating substances and a method for diagnosing apoptosis-related diseases. In addition, the gene encoding the phosphorylase of the present invention is also useful as a gene source used for gene therapy.

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Abstract

A novel kinase having an apoptosis inductive activity and a DNA encoding the same, capable of providing drugs useful in preventing and treating diseases in association with apoptosis, and also being useful in establishing a method for screening substances regulating apoptosis and a method for diagnosing diseases in association with apoptosis; a DNA consisting of at least 12 bases in the base sequence of the above-mentioned DNA or its complementary strand or a derivative thereof; a replicable recombinant DNA constructed by integrating the above DNA or its complementary strand into a replicable expression vector; a microorganism or a cell transformed by this replicable recombinant DNA; a method for screening substances depressing or potentiating at least one of the activities of the above kinase; and an antibody capable of binding to the kinase.

Description

明 細 書 新規な燐酸化酵素 技術分野  Description New Phosphorylase Technical Field
本発明は、 アポ トーシス誘導活性を有する新規な燐酸化酵 素及びそれをコー ドする D N Aに関する。 更に詳細には、 ァ ポ トーシス誘導活性を有する燐酸化酵素であって、 配列番号 1 のア ミ ノ酸配列を包含するこ と を特徴とする燐酸化酵素と それをコー ドする D N Aに関する。 本発明の燐酸化酵素及び それをコー ドする D N Aを用いる と、 アポ トーシス関与疾患 の予防や治療に有用な薬剤を作製するこ と ができ る。 更に、 本発明の燐酸化酵素及びそれをコー ドする D N Aは、 アポ ト 一シス調節物質のス ク リーユング方法及びアポ トーシス関与 疾患の診断方法を確立する際に有用である。 又、 本発明は上 記の D NA又はその相補鎖の塩基配列の中の少なく と も 1 2 個の塩基からなる D N Aあるいはその誘導体 ; 上記の D N A 又はその相補鎖を複製可能な発現ベクターに組込んでなる複 製可能な組換え体 D N A ; 上記の複製可能な組換え体 D NA で形質転換された微生物又は細胞 ; 上記の燐酸化酵素の有す る活性の少なく と も 1 つを抑制若しく は増強する物質をス ク リーニングする方法 ; 並びに上記の燐酸化酵素と結合しう る 抗体に関する。 従来技術 The present invention relates to a novel phosphorylase having an apoptosis-inducing activity and a DNA encoding the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a phosphorylase having an apoptosis-inducing activity, which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and a DNA encoding the same. By using the phosphorylase of the present invention and the DNA encoding the same, a drug useful for prevention and treatment of apoptosis-related diseases can be produced. Furthermore, the phosphorylase of the present invention and the DNA encoding the same are useful in establishing a screening method for apoptotic regulators and a method for diagnosing apoptosis-related diseases. The present invention also relates to a DNA or a derivative thereof comprising at least 12 bases in the base sequence of the above-mentioned DNA or its complementary strand; an expression vector capable of replicating the DNA or its complementary strand. A replicable recombinant DNA comprising the same; a microorganism or a cell transformed with the above-mentioned replicable recombinant DNA; and at least one of the above-mentioned phosphorylases having at least one activity. Or a method of screening a substance that enhances the activity; and an antibody capable of binding to the above-mentioned phosphorylase. Conventional technology
アポ トーシスまたはプロ グラム された細胞死 (計画された 細胞死) は、 Ke r r , Wy 11 i eらによって提唱された細胞死の過 程または様式の 1 つである。 [Ke r r, J . F. R. ら, Br iし J . Canc e r , 26 : 239 (1972) ] 。 アポ ト シースは生理的な個体発生ある いは疾患や薬剤効果の発現の際に見られる現象でぁ リ 、 個々 の細胞に本来備わったプロ グラムの活性化に基いて起こる と 考えられている。 従って、 アポ トーシスは必要な細胞が傷害 を受けて死ぬ過程であるネク ローシス (壊死) と は細胞死の 形態において区別される。  Apoptosis or programmed cell death (planned cell death) is one of the processes or modes of cell death proposed by Kerr, Wy11ie et al. [Kerr, J. F. R. et al., Bri and J. Cancer, 26: 239 (1972)]. Apoptosis is a phenomenon that occurs during physiological ontogenesis, disease, or the manifestation of a drug effect, and is thought to occur based on the activation of programs inherent in individual cells. Thus, apoptosis is distinguished in the form of cell death from necrosis, the process by which required cells are damaged and die.
アポ トーシスを誘導する刺激にはさまざまなものがぁ リ 、 そのメ カニズムにも多様性があるが、 形態学的な特徴は共通 である。 形態学的変化と して最初に観測されるのは、 ク ロマ チンの凝集塊の形成でぁ リ 、 ほと んどの場合、 これは D N A の断片化反応を伴う [Wy l 1 i e,A. H., Na tur e, 284: 555 ( 1980) ] 。 ク ロマチンの凝集の次には、 細胞質の凝縮などが起こ リ 、 さ らに細胞自体がアポ トーシス小体と よばれる細胞断片を形 成し、 この形成されたアポ トーシス小体が迅速に周囲の細胞 やマク ロファ一ジなどによって貪食分解される こ と によって アポ トーシスが進行する と されている。  There are various stimuli that induce apoptosis, and their mechanisms are also diverse, but have common morphological characteristics. The first observed morphological change is the formation of chromatin aggregates, which in most cases involve DNA fragmentation [Wyl 1 ie, AH, Nature, 284: 555 (1980)]. Subsequent to the aggregation of chromatin, cytoplasmic condensation and the like occur, and the cells themselves form cell fragments called apoptotic bodies, and the formed apoptotic bodies are rapidly turned around. Apoptosis is said to proceed by phagocytosis by cells and macrophages.
このよ う なアポ トーシス とい う 現象が最近注目 される理由 と しては、 ( 1 ) アポ ト一シスが個体形成において重要な役 割を演じている こ と が示されたこ と 、 ( 2 ) 生体内での内的、 外的要因による細胞死が多く の場合アポ トーシスによ る こ と,This phenomenon of apoptosis has recently attracted attention because (1) apoptosis plays an important role in ontogenesis. (2) Cell death in vivo due to internal and external factors is often due to apoptosis.
( 3 ) エイズそのほかの疾病において、 その病因となる体細 胞 ( リ ンパ系細胞) の減少にアポ トーシスが深く 関わってい るこ と 、 ( 4 ) 各種の抗癌剤がアポ トーシス による癌細胞破 壊を行う こ と 、 さ らに ( 5 ) 最近の遺伝子研究の進展にょ リ アポ ト一シスそのものがどのよ う な遺伝子で制御されていて, アポ ト ーシスに至る情報は どの よ う に して伝達される かにつ いての知見が蓄積され、 細胞生物学上の基本的興味が持たれ ている こ と などが挙げられる。 (3) Apoptosis is deeply involved in the reduction of the somatic cells (lymphoid cells) that cause the disease in AIDS and other diseases. (4) Various anticancer drugs reduce cancer cell destruction by apoptosis. In addition, (5) With the recent progress in genetic research, what kind of gene controls liapotosis itself and how is the information leading to apoptosis transmitted? It is said that they have accumulated knowledge about this and have a basic interest in cell biology.
アポ トーシス と 関わ リ のある疾患と して、 アポ ト一シスの 誘導が弱められるこ とによって症状が発現する と考えられる, 濾胞性リ ンパ腫、 P 5 3 の変異によ るカルシノーマ、 ホルモ ン異常によ る乳癌、 前立腺癌、 卵巣癌などの癌 ; 全身性エ リ テマ ト一デス、 免疫関連糸球体腎炎などの自 己免疫疾患 ; へ ルぺス ウィルス 、 アデノ ウイノレス 、 ボッ ク ス ウィルスなどに よ る ウィルス感染症などが挙げられる。 逆にアポ トーシスの 誘導が亢進する こ と によって症状が発現する と考えられる疾 患に、 A I D Sや、 アルツハイマー病、 パーキ ン ソ ン病、 筋 萎縮性側索硬化症、 色素性網膜炎、 小脳変異などの神経変異 疾患 ; 再生不良性貧血などの骨髄異形成疾患 ; 心筋梗塞、 脳 卒中などの虚血性疾患 ; また、 アルコールなどによる中毒性 肝疾患などが挙げられる [Thompson, B. , Science, 267: 14 56 ( 1995 ) ] 。 その他アポ トーシスが関与する疾患と して、 慢 性関節 リ ューマチ [Okamoto'K. ら, Arthr i t is Rheum. , 40: 91 9 ( 1997 ) ] 、 潰瘍性大腸炎 [ Iwamoto,M. ら, J . P a t h o 1.180: 15 2 ( 1996 ) ] 、 糖尿病 [Brown, D. L. ら, S u rg e r y, 121 : 372 ( 1997 ) ] 、 動脈硬化症 [Bochaton, P.M. L. ら, Am . J . P a t h oに, 146 : 1059 ( 1995 ) ] 、 重症筋無力症 [Shiono,H. ら, E u r . J . I mmu n o 1., 27: 805 ( 1997) ] などが知られている。 As a disease associated with apoptosis, symptoms may be manifested by attenuated induction of apoptosis, follicular lymphoma, carcinoma caused by mutation of P53, and hormone. Cancers caused by abnormalities such as breast, prostate and ovarian cancers; autoimmune diseases such as systemic erythematosus and immune-associated glomerulonephritis; herpes virus, adenowinores, box virus, etc. Virus infections. Conversely, AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, retinitis pigmentosa, and cerebellar mutations are considered to be symptoms that may be manifested by enhanced induction of apoptosis. Myelodysplastic diseases such as aplastic anemia; ischemic diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke; and toxic liver diseases caused by alcohol and the like [Thompson, B., Science, 267]. : 14 56 (1995)]. Other diseases involving apoptosis include chronic rheumatoid arthritis [Okamoto'K. Et al., Arthr it is Rheum., 40: 919 (1997)], ulcerative colitis [Iwamoto, M. et al., J. Patho 1.180: 152 (1996)], diabetes [Brown, DL et al., Surgery, 121: 372 (1997)], arteriosclerosis [Bochaton, PML et al., Am. J. Patho, 146]. : 1059 (1995)], myasthenia gravis [Shiono, H. et al., Eur. J. Immuno 1, 27: 805 (1997)].
例えば、 ヒ トが H I Vウィルスに感染する と 、 リ ンパ球の 死滅によって免疫系が破壊されて感染に対する抵抗力が低下 するが、 この リ ンパ球の死滅のほとんどがアポ トーシスによ る と されている [Gougeon,M. L. ら, S c i e n c e, 260: 1260 ( 1993 ) ] 。 また、 多発性硬化症患者では、 健常人と比較して抗原特異 的な T細胞の頻度が増加している こ と [Zhang, J.S., ら, J.E xp.Med. , 179:973 ( 1994) ] 、 加えて抗原特異的 T細胞を抗原 で刺激する こ とで、 抗原特異的 T細胞がアポ トーシスを起こ すこ と [Pel f ,に M. ら, J, Immunol . , 154:6191 ( 1995) ] から、 多発性硬化症を含む自 己免疫性疾患の一部は、 自己反応性細 胞の除去機能不全に起因する と考えられる。 癌との関連では、 癌抑制遺伝子 P 5 3 が D N A損傷を受けた細胞のアポ トーシ スに関わっている こ と も明 ら力 こな リ 、 癌抑制遺伝子のアポ トーシスへの関与も注目 されている [E卜 Dei ry,W.S. ら, Cel 1 , 75:817 ( 1993); B u c k b i n d e r , L . ら, Na t u r e, 377 : 646 ( 1995) ; M ashi ta,T. ら, C e 11, 80 : 293 ( 1995 ) ] 。 さ らに、 発癌との関 係では、 前癌組織と しての過形成結節を形成する細胞の多く がアポ トーシスで死滅し、 残った細胞がやがて癌細胞へと変 化する こ と も知られている。 For example, when humans are infected with the HIV virus, killing lymphocytes destroys the immune system and reduces resistance to infection, but apoptosis is responsible for most of the killing of lymphocytes. [Gougeon, ML et al., Science, 260: 1260 (1993)]. In addition, the frequency of antigen-specific T cells is increased in patients with multiple sclerosis compared to healthy individuals [Zhang, JS, et al., JEp. Med., 179: 973 (1994)]. In addition, by stimulating antigen-specific T cells with an antigen, antigen-specific T cells undergo apoptosis [Pelf, M. et al., J, Immunol., 154: 6191 (1995)]. This suggests that some autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, are due to failure to remove autoreactive cells. In relation to cancer, it is clear that the tumor suppressor gene P53 is involved in the apoptosis of DNA-damaged cells, and the involvement of the tumor suppressor gene in apoptosis is also attracting attention. [Eu Deiry, WS et al., Cel 1, 75: 817 (1993); Buckbinder, L. et al., Nature, 377: 646 (1995); Mashita, T. et al., Ce 11, 80. : 293 (1995)]. In addition, the relationship with carcinogenesis It is also known that many cells forming hyperplastic nodules as pre-cancerous tissues die by apoptosis, and the remaining cells are eventually transformed into cancer cells.
近年アポ トーシス に関与する様々 な分子に関する知見が蓄. 積されて.レヽる。 例えば、 F a s リ ガン ドは、 F a s ( C D 9 5 ) を介しイ ンターロイ キ ン一 1 β 変換酵素 ( I C E ) 様プ 口テアーゼを活性化し、 アポ トーシスを誘導する [Nagata,S. ら, Sc i ence, 267: 1449 ( 1995); Enar i ,M. ら, Na t u r e, 375: 78 ( 1995)]。 F a s 刺激時に細胞内情報伝達系においては、 m i t In recent years, knowledge about various molecules involved in apoptosis has been accumulated. For example, Fas ligand activates interleukin-11β converting enzyme (ICE) -like protease through Fas (CD95) and induces apoptosis [Nagata, S. et al. Science, 267: 1449 (1995); Enari, M. et al., Nature, 375: 78 (1995)]. In the intracellular communication system during F a s stimulation, m i t
0 g e n act ivated prote in k inase ( M A P K ) ¾ こ属する Jun kinases ( J N K s ) /s t ress act ivat ed prote in kinases ( S A P K s ) 及び ext race l lul ar s igna l regul ated k i n a s e s ( E R K s ) の活 ィ匕 [Go i 11 o t , E. ら, P r o c . N a t 1. Ac a d · S c i . USA., 94: 3302 ( 1997)]や、 p p 5 6 ( 1 c k ) の活性化が 認められる [Gonz a 1 ez, G. A. ら, J. Immuno l . 158 : 4104 ( 1997) ] 。 腫瘍壊死因子 ( T N F ) は、 T N F受容体を介して T N F受容体に会合する Tumor necros i s f acto r receptor - assoc0 gen act ivated prote in k inase (MAPK) の This gene belongs to Jun kinases (JNKs) / st ress act ivat ed prote in kinases (SAPKs) and ext race Nat. 1. Atad. Sci. USA., 94: 3302 (1997)] and pp56 (1ck) were activated. [Gonz a 1 ez, GA et al., J. Immunol. 158: 4104 (1997)]. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) associates with TNF receptor via TNF receptor Tumor necros isf actor receptor-assoc
1 a t e d death doma in prote in ( T R A D Dリ, Fas-assoc iat e d death domain prote in ( F A D D ) や、 M O R T 1 に結合 する I C E様プロテアーゼの MACH/FADD- 1 i ke i n t e r 1 e u k i n - 1 ]3 - conver t ing enzyme ( F L I C E ) を活性化してアポ ト 一シスを誘導する [Hsu, H. ら, Ce 11, 81 :495 ( 1995); Chinna i yan,A.M. ら, C e 11, 81: 505 ( 1995 ) ; Bo 1 d i n, M. P . ら, J . Bioし C hem. , 270 : 7795 ( 1995); Bo 1 d i n, M . P · ら, C e 1 1 , 85: 803 ( 199.6 ) ; Muz i o,M. ら, Ce l l , 85 : 817 ( 1996) ] 。 又、 アポ トーシス誘導 を起こすセラ ミ ド朿 U激によって m i t ogen ac t i vat ed p rot e in k i nas e k i nase k i nas e (M A P K K K ) 族に属する TGF /3 ac t i va t ed k i nas e ( T A K 1 ) は S APK/ J NKの活性化に関与し、 アポ トーシスを誘導する [Sh i r akab e,K. ら, J . B i oし Ch em.27 2 : 8141 ( 1997 ) ] 。 さ らに、 He L a細胞やマウス繊維芽細胞にお いてイ ンターフ ェ ロ ン y ( I F N γ ) で誘導されるアポ トー シス tこ fま、 dea t h ac t i vat ed p r o t e i n ( D A P ) k inas e [ C hoen,0. ら、 EMBO 〗., 16 : 998 ( 1997 ) ] 並びに doub 1 e-s and R NA- ac t i va t ed p ro t e i n k i nas e ( P K R ) [De r, S. D. ら、 Pro c . Nat I . Acad. Sc i . USA.94 : 3279 ( 1997 ) ] の活性化が介してい る。 1 ated death doma in prote in (TRADD re, Fas-associated death domain prote in (FADD) and MACH / FADD-1 of ICE-like protease that binds to MORT 1-1 ke inter 1 eukin-1] 3-conver Activates the signaling enzyme (FLICE) to induce apoptosis [Hsu, H. et al., Ce 11, 81: 495 (1995); Chinnaiyan, AM et al., Ce 11, 81: 505 (1995) Bo 1 din, MP et al., J. Bio Chem., 270: 7795 (1995); Bodin, MP et al., Ce11, 85: 803 (199.6); Muzio, M. et al., Cell, 85: 817 (1996)]. In addition, the apoptosis-inducing ceramide is used to generate mitogen ac ti vat ed prote in ki nas eki nase ki nas e (MAPKKK). 1) is involved in the activation of S APK / J NK and induces apoptosis [Shirakabe, K. et al., J. Bio and Chem. 272: 8141 (1997)]. Furthermore, apoptosis induced by interferon y (IFNγ) in HeLa cells and mouse fibroblasts, and dea th activated protein (DAP) kinas e [C hoen, 0. et al., EMBO II., 16: 998 (1997)] and doub 1 es and RNA- va ti va t ed pro teinki nas e (PKR) [De r, SD et al., Pro c. Nat I. Acad. Sc. USA. 94: 3279 (1997)].
このよ う にアポ トーシスは、 種々の細胞や様々 な刺激によ つて、 各種燐酸化酵素や蛋白質分解酵素などの活性化を介し 誘導される こ とが近年明 ら力、になってきた。 アポ トーシス誘 導に関する細胞内酵素、 特に燐酸化酵素に関しては、 これま で MA P Kカスケー ド関連の燐酸化酵素に関する知見が多い, アポ トーシスは、 各種多様な疾患において重要な係わ リ を有 するこ とが明 らかにされてきてお り 、 細胞のアポ トーシスを 誘導又は抑制するこ と によ り 、 このよ う な疾患の診断、 予防 及び治療を図る試みが近年種々行なわれている。 しかし、 種 々 の疾患と、 アポ トーシスが関連して活性化される細胞内情 報伝達系を担う酵素群の対応が解明 された訳ではない。 即ち 細胞のアポ トーシス誘導時に活性化される新たなアポ トーシ ス関与遺伝子の提供が可能になれば、 各細胞における遺伝子 の発現レベルやその遺伝子のコー ドするァ ミ ノ酸配列の構造 及び機能解析等にょ リ 、 アポ ト一シスその ものの機構、 或は 関連疾患の病態解明やその診断方法や治療方法の確立も可能 になる と考えられる。 In recent years, it has become clear that apoptosis is induced by activation of various phosphorylases and proteases by various cells and various stimuli. As for the intracellular enzymes involved in inducing apoptosis, particularly the phosphorylases, there has been a great deal of knowledge about the phosphatase related to the MApk cascade.Apoptosis has an important role in various diseases. This has been clarified, and various attempts have been made in recent years to diagnose, prevent, and treat such diseases by inducing or suppressing apoptosis of cells. However, a variety of diseases are associated with apoptosis-associated intracellular conditions. The correspondence of the enzyme groups responsible for the signaling system has not been elucidated. In other words, if it becomes possible to provide a new apoptosis-related gene that is activated when apoptosis is induced in a cell, analysis of the expression level of the gene in each cell and the structure and function of the amino acid sequence encoded by that gene It is thought that it will be possible to elucidate the pathogenesis of apoptosis itself, or the pathophysiology of related diseases, and establish diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
上記した I N F γ で誘導されるアポ トーシス に関与する DA P kinase は、 MAP k i n a s eカス ケー ドには関与しない燐酸化 酵素でぁ リ [Choen, 0. ら EMBO J . , 16 :998 ( 1997) ] 、 カル モジユ リ ン依存性燐酸化酵素(C aM k i n a s e )に近似した構造を 持つこ とが知られている。 DAP k inaseのよ う に、 CAM k inase に類似したアポ トーシス関連酵素と しては、 本発明者らが発 見し 7こ Zip Interact ing Prot e in kinase (Zi kinase) [ Ka w a T. ら, Moし Ce lし Bioに, 18: 1642 ( 1998) ] が挙げられる。 このこ とから、 本発明者らは、 CaM kinaseと相同性のあるァ ポ ドーシス関連燐酸化酵素が他にも存在する と予測し、 この よ う な酵素がアポ トーシスを制御する医薬品のス ク リ 一ニン グに役立つと考えた。 即ち、 本発明の課題は、 CaM kinaseに 類似した構造を持つ、 新たなアポ トーシス誘導活性を有する 燐酸化酵素を見出 し、 これを医薬 · 医療の分野で利用する方 法を提供するこ と にある。 発明の概要 DAP kinase involved in INFγ-induced apoptosis is a phosphorylase that is not involved in the MAP kinase cascade [Choen, 0. et al. EMBO J., 16: 998 (1997)]. It is known that it has a structure similar to calmodulin-dependent phosphorylase (CaM kinase). As an apoptosis-related enzyme similar to CAM kinase, such as DAP kinase, the present inventors have found that a Zip Interacting Protein kinase (Zi kinase) [Kawa T. et al. 18: 1642 (1998)]. Based on this, the present inventors predict that there are other apoptosis-related phosphorylases homologous to CaM kinase, and that such enzymes should be used in pharmaceutical drugs that control apoptosis. I thought it would be useful for cleaning. That is, an object of the present invention is to find a phosphorylase having a structure similar to CaM kinase and having a new apoptosis-inducing activity, and to provide a method for utilizing the same in the fields of medicine and medical treatment. It is in. Summary of the Invention
本発明者らは、 上記課題を解決すべく 鋭意研究した結果、 DAP k in a s eの遺伝子配列と相同性を有する遺伝子配列をデー タベース (GenBankリ リ ース, 100, Ap r i l , 1997年)で検索し た。 その結果、 3種の E S T断片、 EST No . AA278574 , EST No. AA419612、 及び EST No . R 19772を得た。 EST No. AA2785 74と EST No . AA419612iまそれぞれ DAP k ina seと 5 5 . 6 % (378 bas e) と 5 1 . 4 % (389 bas e)の相同性を示す遺伝子 断片であった。 これらの遺伝子断片情報を元に Hybr i d i z at i o n法及び Rap i d amp l i f i ca t i on o f cDNA ends (RACE)法を用 いて鋭意努力の結果、 各遺伝子断片についてそのコー ド領域 全長の c D N Aを取得した。 得られた 2 つの燐酸化酵素を DA P k i nase Re l a t ed Ap o p t o s i s induc ing Ki nase 1 ( D R A K 1 ) 並びに D R A K 2 と命名 し、 それぞれの塩基配列をア ミ ノ酸配列に翻訳し、 更に、 2つの燐酸化酵素に共通する燐酸 化酵素領域のア ミ ノ酸配列の一般式を見出 した。 又、 D R A K 1 及び D R A K 2 に相捕的な c D N Aの配列も見出 した。 上記した配列をデータベース (GenBankリ リ ース, 100, Apr i l 1997年)及び特許配列データベースである DGENE (De rwent I nf ormat i on Lt d. 970921 up, 1997年)で検索したと ころ、 2 つの燐酸化酵素はいずれも新規な配列であった。 D R A K 1 及び D R A K 2 はいずれも 自 己燐酸化活性、 外来基質に対 する燐酸化酵素活性、 及びアポ ト一シス誘導活性を有し、 更 に本発明者らは 2つの燐酸化酵素に共通する新規な燐酸化酵 素 ドメ イ ンを見出した。 また、 D R A K 1及び D R A K 2の 発現系の作製、 薬剤ス ク リ ーニング系の作製、 並びに抗体の 作製を行い、 本発明の完成させるに至った。 The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, obtained a gene sequence having homology to the gene sequence of DAP kinase in a database (GenBank Release, 100, April, 1997). searched. As a result, three types of EST fragments were obtained, EST No. AA278574, EST No. AA419612, and EST No. R 19772. EST No. AA278574 and EST No. AA419612i were gene fragments showing homology of 55.6% (378 base) and 51.4% (389 base) with DAP kinase, respectively. Based on the information on these gene fragments, we obtained the full-length cDNA for each gene fragment using the Hybridizon ion method and the Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. did. The resulting two phosphorylases were named DAP Kinase Related Apoptosis inducing Kinase 1 (DRAK 1) and DRAK 2, and their base sequences were translated into amino acid sequences. A general formula for the amino acid sequence of the phosphatase region common to the two phosphatase enzymes was found. In addition, cDNA sequences complementary to DRAK 1 and DRAK 2 were also found. When the above sequences were searched using a database (GenBank release, 100, Apr 1997) and a patent sequence database, DGENE (Dewent Information on Ltd. 970921 up, 1997), 2 Each of the two phosphatases was a novel sequence. Both DRAK 1 and DRAK 2 have autophosphorylation activity, phosphatase activity for foreign substrates, and apoptosis-inducing activity. In addition, the present inventors have found a novel phosphatase domain common to two phosphatases. In addition, preparation of an expression system for DRAK1 and DRAK2, preparation of a drug screening system, and preparation of an antibody were performed, thereby completing the present invention.
従って、 本発明の主たる 1 つの 目的は、 アポ トーシス誘導 活性を有する、 配列番号 1 のア ミ ノ酸配列を包含する こ と を 特徴とする実質的に純粋な燐酸化酵素を提供する こ と にある , 本発明の他の 1 つの 目的は、 上記燐酸化酵素をコー ドする 単離された D N Aを提供する こ と にある。  Accordingly, one of the main objects of the present invention is to provide a substantially pure phosphorylase having an apoptosis-inducing activity, which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. One other object of the present invention is to provide an isolated DNA encoding the above-mentioned phosphorylase.
本発明の更に他の 1 つの 目的は、 自己燐酸化活性、 外来基 質燐酸化酵素活性、 又はアポ トーシス誘導活性からなる群よ リ選ばれる憐酸化酵素の有する活性の少なく と も 1つを抑制 若しく は賦活化する物質をス ク リ ーニングする方法を提供す る こ と にめる。  Still another object of the present invention is to inhibit at least one activity of a oxidase selected from the group consisting of autophosphorylation activity, exogenous substrate phosphorylase activity, or apoptosis-inducing activity. To provide a method for screening substances to be activated or activated.
本発明の更に他の 1 つの 目的は、 燐酸化酵素と結合し う る 抗体を提供する こ と にある。  Still another object of the present invention is to provide an antibody capable of binding to a phosphatase.
本発明の上記及び他の諸目的、 諸特徴並びに諸利益は、 添 付の配列表を参照しなが ら述べる次の詳細な説明及び請求の 範囲の記載から明 らかになる。 配列表のフ リ ーテキス ト  The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the appended claims, which refer to the accompanying sequence listings. Free text of sequence listing
配列番号 1 の配列は、 MLCK- 1 e kinase doma inである。 配列番号 8 の配列は、 G e n B a n kのェ ン ト リ ー AA 2 7 8 5 7 4の相補鎖を元に設計した DRAK 1 のサブク ローニング用のプ ライマーである。 The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is MLCK-1 e kinase doma in. The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 is a primer for subcloning of DRAK1 designed based on the complementary strand of GenBank entry AA 2785574.
配列番号 9 の配列は、 GenBankのェ ン ト リ ー AA 2 7 8 5 7 4 の相補鎖を元に設計した DRAK 1 のサブク ローニング用のプ ライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 is a primer for subcloning of DRAK1 designed based on the complementary strand of GenBank entry AA 2785574.
配列番号 1 0 の配列は、 GenBankのェン ト リー AA4 1 9 6 1 2 の相補鎖を元に設計した DRAK 2 の 5 ' 末端のサブク ロー ニング用のプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 is a primer for subcloning at the 5 ′ end of DRAK2 designed based on the complementary strand of the AA419612 of GenBank.
配列番号 1 1 の配列は、 G e nB a n kのエン ト リ ー AA 4 1 9 6 1 2 の相補鎖を元に設計した DRAK 2 の 5 ' 末端のサブク ロー ニング用のプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 is a primer for subcloning at the 5 'end of DRAK2 designed based on the complementary strand of the entry AA4196612 of GenBank.
配列番号 1 2 の配列は、 DRAK 2 の 5 ' 末端の配列を元に設 計した DRAK 2 の 3 ' 末端のサブク ローニング用のプライマー である。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 is a primer for subcloning at the 3 ′ end of DRAK2 designed based on the sequence at the 5 ′ end of DRAK2.
配列番号 1 3 の配列は、 DRAK 2 の 5 ' 末端の配列を元に設 計した DRAK 2 の 3 , 末端のサブク ローユング用のプライマー である。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 is a primer for subcloning at the 3 'and 3' ends of DRAK 2 designed based on the sequence at the 5 'end of DRAK 2.
配列番号 1 4 の配列は、 DRAK 1 の N末端に FLAG配列を付加 する為のセ ンスプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 is a sense primer for adding a FLAG sequence to the N-terminus of DRAK1.
配列番号 1 5 の配列は、 DRAK 1 の N末端に FLAG配列を付加 する為のアンチセ ンスプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 is an antisense primer for adding a FLAG sequence to the N-terminus of DRAK1.
配列番号 1 6 の配列は、 DRAK 2 の N末端に FLAG配列を付力 U する為のセ ンスプライマーである。 The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 applies the FLAG sequence to the N-terminus of DRAK 2. It is a sense primer to perform.
配列番号 1 7 の配列は、 DRAK 2 の N末端に FLAG配列を付加 する為のアンチセンスプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 is an antisense primer for adding a FLAG sequence to the N-terminus of DRAK2.
配列番号 1 8 の配列は、 DRAK 1 の 9 0番目 の L y sを A 1 aに置 換する為のプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 is a primer for replacing Lys at the 90th position of DRAK1 with A1a.
配列番号 1 9 の配列は、 DRAK 2 の 6 2番目 の L y sを A 1 aに置 換する為のプライマ一である。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 is a primer for replacing Lys at position 62 of DRAK 2 with A1a.
配列番号 2 0 の配列は、 DRAK 1 の N末端に My cタグを付加す る為のセンスプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20 is a sense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminus of DRAK1.
配列番号 2 1 の配列は、 DRAK 1 の N末端に My cタグを付加す る為のアンチセンスプライ マーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 is an antisense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminus of DRAK1.
配列番号 2 2 の配列は、 DRAK 1 の 1番目〜 3 4 5番目のァ ミ ノ酸からなるア ミ ノ酸配列の N末端に Mycタグを付加する為 のセンスプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 is a sense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminal of the amino acid sequence consisting of amino acids 1 to 345 of DRAK1.
配列番号 2 3 の配列は、 DRAK 1 の 1 番目〜 3 2 1番目のァ ミ ノ酸からなるア ミ ノ酸配列の N末端に My cタグを付加する為 のアンチセンスプライマ一である。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 is an antisense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminal of the amino acid sequence consisting of amino acids 1 to 32 of DRAK1.
配列番号 2 4 の配列は、 DRAK 2 の N末端に My cタグを付加す る為のセンスプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 is a sense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminus of DRAK 2.
配列番号 2 5 の配列は、 DRAK 2 の N末端に Mycタグを付加す る為のアンチセンスプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 is an antisense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminus of DRAK 2.
配列番号 2 6 の配列は、 DRAK 2 の 1 番目 〜 3 1 5番目のァ ミ ノ酸からなるァ ミ ノ酸配列の N末端に My cタグを付加する為 のセンスプライマーである。 The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 adds a Myc tag to the N-terminal of the amino acid sequence consisting of amino acids 1 to 31 of DRAK 2. Is a sense primer.
配列番号 2 7 の配列は、 DRAK 2 の 1 番目〜 2 9 3番目のァ ミ ノ酸からなるア ミ ノ酸配列の N末端に Mycタ グを付加する為 のアンチセ ンスプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 is an antisense primer for adding a Myc tag to the N-terminal of the amino acid sequence consisting of amino acids 1 to 293 of DRAK2.
配列番号 3 1 の配列は、 G e nB a n kのェン ト リ ー R 19772の相 補鎖を元に設計した T r a d のサブク ローニング用のプライ マーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31 is a primer for subcloning of Trad designed based on the complement of the entry R 19772 of GenBank.
配列番号 3 2 の配列は、 G e nB a n kのェン ト リ ー R 19772の相 補鎖を元に設計した T r a d のサブク ローニング用のプライ マーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32 is a primer for subcloning of Trad designed based on the complement of the entry R 19772 of GenBank.
配列番号 3 3 の配列は、 T r a d の N末端に FLAG配列を付 加する為のセンスプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33 is a sense primer for adding a FLAG sequence to the N-terminal of Trad.
配列番号 3 4 の配列は、 T r a d の N末端に FLAG配列を付 加する為のアンチセンスプライマーである。  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 is an antisense primer for adding a FLAG sequence to the N-terminal of Trad.
配列番号 3 5 の配列は、 T r a d の 1 0 6 1 番目の Lysを A laに置換する為のプライマーである。 図面の簡単な説明  The sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35 is a primer for replacing Lys at position 1061 of Trad with Ala. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
図 1 ( a )は、 D R A K 1 の組織分布を示す northern blot t i n g結果であ リ 、  Figure 1 (a) shows the results of a northern blot t ing showing the tissue distribution of DRAK1.
図 1 ( b )は、 D R A K 2 の組織分布を示す nor thern blot t i n g結果である。  FIG. 1 (b) shows the results of nor thern blot t ing showing the tissue distribution of DRAK2.
図 2 ( a )の上段は、 野生型と活性欠失型の D R A K 1 の自 己燐酸化活性及び外来基質に対する燐酸化活性の測定結果で ぁ リ 、 図中の FLAG - DRAK1は野生型 D R A K 1、 FLAG - DRAK1K9 OAは活性欠失型 D R A K 1 、 Vectorは対照を示し、 AUTOは自 己燐酸化能、 MLCは M L Cに対する燐酸化能をそれぞれ示す。 下段は、 各 D N Aの発現によって得られた蛋白質を α FLAG B lot (western)にて検出 した結果である。 The upper part of Fig. 2 (a) shows the wild-type and activity-deleted DRAK1 In the results of the measurement of the self-phosphorylation activity and the phosphorylation activity against the foreign substrate, FLAG-DRAK1 in the figure indicates wild-type DRAK1, FLAG-DRAK1K9 OA indicates the activity-deficient DRAK1, and Vector indicates the control. Autophosphorylation ability and MLC indicate phosphorylation ability for MLC, respectively. The lower row shows the results of detection of proteins obtained by the expression of each DNA in α FLAG B lot (western).
図 2 ( b )の上段は、 野生型及び活性欠失型の D R A K 2 の 自 己燐酸化活性及び外来基質に対する燐酸化活性の測定結果 であ リ 、 図中の FLAG- DRAK2は野生型 D R A K 2、 FLAG- DRAK2 K62Aは活性欠失型 D R A K 2、 Ve c t ο rは対照を示し、 AUTOは 自 己憐酸化能、 MLCは M L Cに対する憐酸化能をそれぞれ示 す。 下段は、 各 D N Aの発現によって得られた蛋白質をを α FLAG Blot (western)にて検出 した結果である。  The upper part of FIG. 2 (b) shows the measurement results of the autophosphorylation activity of wild-type and activity-deficient DRAK2 and the phosphorylation activity on foreign substrates.FLAG-DRAK2 in the figure is wild-type DRAK2. FLAG-DRAK2 K62A indicates activity-deficient DRAK2, Vector indicates a control, AUTO indicates self-oxidation ability, and MLC indicates an oxidation ability for MLC. The lower row shows the results of detection of proteins obtained by the expression of each DNA by α FLAG Blot (western).
図 3 は、 D R A K 1 及び D R A K 2 の細胞内局在を示す図 であ リ 、 D R A K 1 (FLAG- DRAK1)及び D R A K 2 (FLAG- DRA K2)を導入した C O S — 7細胞を F L A G抗体で染色した結 果、 D R A K 1 と D R A K 2 はそれぞれ細胞質全体に存在す るこ と を示す。 更に、 上記細胞の細胞核を D A P I 染色で示 した。  FIG. 3 shows the intracellular localization of DRAK 1 and DRAK 2. COS-7 cells transfected with DRAK 1 (FLAG-DRAK1) and DRAK 2 (FLAG-DRA K2) were stained with a FLAG antibody. The results show that DRAK 1 and DRAK 2 are each present throughout the cytoplasm. Further, the cell nuclei of the above cells were shown by DAPI staining.
図 4 は、 細胞形態変化を指標と した、 N I H 3 T 3細胞を 用いた野生型 D R A K 1 及び野生型 D R A K 2 によるアポ ト 一シス誘導活性を示す図であ り 、 矢印はアポ トーシス による 細胞の変化部位を示 し、 活性欠失型 D R A K 1 及び活性欠失 型 D R A K 2 ではアポ トーシスは誘導されないこ と を示す。 図 5 は、 D R A K 1及び D R A K 2 のア ミ ノ酸配列に共通 するア ミ ノ酸配列よ リ構成される D R A K s を示し、 図中の 反転文字は共通しているァ ミ ノ酸を示す。 FIG. 4 is a graph showing the apoptosis-inducing activity of wild-type DRAK1 and wild-type DRAK2 using NIH 3T3 cells, using cell morphology change as an index. Indicating the site of change, lack of activity DRAK 1 and lack of activity It shows that apoptosis is not induced in type DRAK2. FIG. 5 shows DRAKs composed of an amino acid sequence common to the amino acid sequences of DRAK 1 and DRAK 2, and the inverted characters in the figure indicate the common amino acids.
図 6 は、 ヒ ト ZIP k inase、 ヒ ト MLCK、 マ ウス CaM k inase I I a cha in, ヒ ト DAP kinase, ヒ ト D R A K 1 及びヒ ト D R A K 2 のア ミ ノ酸配列を示す図であ リ 、 図中の反転文字は共 通しているア ミ ノ酸を示す。  Figure 6 shows the amino acid sequences of human ZIPkinase, human MLCK, mouse CaMkinase II a chain, human DAP kinase, human DRAK1 and human DRAK2. The inverted characters in the figure indicate amino acids that are common.
図 7 ( a ) は、 D R A K 1 及び C末側のア ミ ノ酸を一部欠 失した D R A K 1 による 自 己燐酸化活性 (図中の "W T " 又 は " 1 — 3 4 5 " ) と外来基質 (図中の " M L C " ) に对す る燐酸化活性の変化を示し、 図中の Myc- DRAK1は全長 D R A K 1 、 Myc-DRAKl 1 - 345は 3 4 6番目以降のァ ミ ノ酸配列を 欠失した D R A K 1 、 Myc-DRAKl 卜 321は 3 2 2番目以降の アミ ノ 酸配列を欠失した D R A K 1 であ り 、 Vectorは対照を 示す。 下段は、 各 D N Aの発現した蛋白質を a Myc Blot (we s t e r n)によって検出 した結果である。  Figure 7 (a) shows the autophosphorylation activity ("WT" or "1-345" in the figure) of DRAK 1 and DRAK 1 partially lacking the amino acid at the C-terminal. Changes in the phosphorylation activity of the foreign substrate ("MLC" in the figure) are shown. Myc-DRAK1 in the figure is full-length DRAK1, and Myc-DRAKl1-345 is the amino acid after the 346th amino acid. DRAK1 and Myc-DRAKl 321 in which the sequence has been deleted are DRAK1 in which the amino acid sequence of the 32nd and subsequent amino acids have been deleted, and the vector indicates a control. The lower part shows the results of detection of the proteins expressed by each DNA by a Myc Blot (western).
図 7 ( b ) は、 D R A K 2及び C末側のア ミ ノ酸を一部欠 失した D R A K 2 による 自 己燐酸化活性 (図中の "W T " 又 は " 1 — 2 9 3 " と外来基質 (M L C ) に対する燐酸化活性 の変化を示し、 図中の Myc- DRAK2は全長 D R A K 2 、 yc-DRA K2 1-315は 3 1 6番目以降のア ミ ノ 酸配列を欠失した D R A K 2 、 Myc- DRAK2 1-293は 2 9 4番目 以降のア ミ ノ酸配列を 欠失した D R A K 2 を示し、 Vec torは対照を示す。 下段は、 各 D N Aの発現した蛋白質を α Myc Blot (we s t e r n)によって 検出した結果である。 Figure 7 (b) shows the autophosphorylation activity of DRAK 2 and DRAK 2 partially lacking the amino acid at the C-terminus ("WT" or "1-293" in the figure and foreign The figure shows the change in phosphorylation activity on the substrate (MLC). In the figure, Myc-DRAK2 is full-length DRAK2, and yc-DRAK2 1-315 is DRAK2 lacking the amino acid sequence after the 31st position. Myc-DRAK2 1-293 shows the amino acid sequence from the 294th position onwards. DRAK 2 deleted, Vector indicates control. The lower row shows the results of detection of proteins expressed by each DNA by α Myc Blot (western).
図 8 は、 T r a d の糸且織分布を示す nor thern b lot t ingの 結果である。  FIG. 8 shows the results of nor thern blotting, which shows the distribution of the filaments of Trad.
図 9 の上段は、 野生型と活性欠失型 T r a d の自 己燐酸化 活性及び外来基質に対する燐酸化活性の測定結果でぁ リ 、 図 中の FLAG- Tradは野生型 T r a d 、 FLAG- Trad K1016Aは活性 欠失型 T r a d 、 Vectorは対照を示し、 矢印は自 己燐酸可能 を示す。 下段は、 各 D N Aの発現によって得られた蛋白質を a FLAG Blot (we s t e r n)にて検出 した結果である。  The upper part of FIG. 9 shows the measurement results of the autophosphorylation activity of the wild-type and the activity-deficient T rad and the phosphorylation activity on the foreign substrate. FLAG-Trad in the figure is the wild-type Trad, FLAG-Trad. K1016A indicates activity-deficient T rad, Vector indicates a control, and the arrow indicates autophosphorylation possible. The lower row shows the results obtained by detecting a protein obtained by the expression of each DNA using a FLAG Blot (western).
図 1 0 は、 Trad, Tr io, DAPK, ZIPK, CaMKI I, MLCKの燐酸 化酵素領域のア ミ ノ酸配列を比較した結果でぁ リ 、 反転した 文字は、 少なく と も 3分子でア ミ ノ酸が一致する箇所を示す c 図 1 1 ( a ) は、 Trad, Tr io, ka 1 i r in, 01) 1の11) 1相同 ( D H) 領域のア ミ ノ酸配列を比較した結果を示し、 図 1 1Figure 10 shows the results of comparison of the amino acid sequences of the phosphatase regions of Trad, Trio, DAPK, ZIPK, CaMKI I, and MLCK. c Figure 1 1 shows where Roh acid match (a) is, Trad, Tr io, the ka 1 ir in, 01) 1 11) 1 homologous (DH) result of comparison of a Mi acid sequence regions Show, Figure 11
( b ) はプ レク ス ト リ ン様 ( P H) 領域のァ ミ ノ酸配列を比 較した結果を示し、 反転した文字は、 少なく と も 2分子でァ ミ ノ酸が一致する箇所結果を示す。 (b) shows the results of comparison of the amino acid sequences in the plextrin-like (PH) region, and the inverted characters indicate the results where at least two molecules have the same amino acid sequence. Show.
図 1 2は、 T r a d と細胞內骨格蛋白質の両者が等し く 細 胞内に局在する こ と を示す結果でぁ リ 、 T r a d (FLAG-Tra d)を導入した C O S 7細胞を F L A G抗体で染色した結果と 細胞内骨格蛋白質を、 細胞内骨格蛋白に親和性のある P h a 110 Uinの結合した Rhodaminによって検出した結果を示す。 発明の詳細な説明 Figure 12 shows that both T rad and cytoskeletal protein are equally localized in the cells. The results of staining with antibodies [Fig. 4] Fig. 4 shows the results of detection of intracellular skeletal proteins by Rhodamin to which Pha110Uin having affinity for intracellular skeletal proteins was bound. Detailed description of the invention
本発明の一つの態様によれば、 アポ ト一シス誘導活性を有 する燐酸化酵素であって、 配列番号 1 のア ミ ノ酸配列を包含 するこ と を特徴とする実質的に純粋な燐酸化酵素が提供され る。 次に、 本発明の理解を容易にする為に、 まず本発明の基本的 特徴及び好ま しい態様を列挙する。  According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a phosphorylase having an apoptosis-inducing activity, which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; An immobilizing enzyme is provided. Next, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, first, basic features and preferred embodiments of the present invention will be listed.
1 . アポ トーシス誘導活性を有する燐酸化酵素であって、 配 列番号 1 のアミ ノ酸配列を有する こ と を特徴とする実質的に 純粋な燐酸化酵素。 1. A substantially pure phosphorylase having an apoptosis-inducing activity, which has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
2. 該燐酸化酵素が、 配列番号 3又は 6 のア ミ ノ酸配列を有 するこ と を特徴とする前項 1の燐酸化酵素。 2. The phosphatase according to 1 above, wherein the phosphatase has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 6.
3. アポ ト一シス誘導活性を有する燐酸化酵素であって、 配 列番号 3又は 6 のァ ミ ノ酸配列において 1又は数個のァ ミ ノ 酸を欠失、 置換若し く は付加したア ミ ノ酸配列からなる こ と を特徴とする実質的に純粋な燐酸化酵素。 4. 配列番号 1 、 3及び 6 からなる群よ リ 選ばれるア ミ ノ酸 配列の少なく と も 6個のア ミ ノ酸からなるペプチ ド。 3. A phosphorylase having apoptosis-inducing activity, wherein one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 6. A substantially pure phosphatase characterized by comprising an amino acid sequence. 4. A peptide consisting of at least six amino acids whose amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, and 6.
5. 前項 1 〜 3 のいずれかに記載の燐酸化酵素をコー ドする 単離された D N A。 5. An isolated DNA encoding the phosphatase according to any one of the above items 1 to 3.
6 . 該 D N Aが、 配列番号 2又は 5 の塩基配列、 あるいは次 の性質の少なく と も一方を満足する塩基配列である こ と を特 徴とする前項 5 に記載の D NA。 6. The DNA according to the above item 5, wherein the DNA is a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 5, or a nucleotide sequence satisfying at least one of the following properties.
( 1 ) 配列番号 2又は 5の塩基配列からなる D N Aと ス ト リ ンジェン トな条件でハイブ リ ダィ ズする。  (1) Hybridize with DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 5 under stringent conditions.
( 2 ) 配列番号 2又は 5の塩基配列と 7 0 %以上の相同性を 有する。  (2) It has 70% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 5.
7. 前項 5又は 6 の塩基配列の中の少なく と も 1 2個の塩基 からなる D N Aあるいはその誘導体。 7. DNA or a derivative thereof comprising at least 12 bases in the base sequence of 5 or 6 above.
8 . 該 D N Aが、 配列番号 2の 2 9 8番目〜 1 0 8 6番目 の 塩基配列の中の少なく と も 1 2個の塩基からなる こ と を特徴 とする前項 7の D N Aあるいはその誘導体。 8. The DNA or the derivative thereof according to the above item 7, wherein the DNA comprises at least 12 bases in the 298th to 106th base sequences of SEQ ID NO: 2.
9. 該 D N Aが、 配列番号 5の 3 6 1番目〜 1 1 4 6番目 の 塩基配列の中の少な く と も 1 2個の塩基からなる こ と を特徴 とする前項 7の D N Aあるいはその誘導体。 9. The DNA is a fragment of SEQ ID NO: 5 from 36 1st to 1 7. The DNA or the derivative thereof according to the above item 7, which is composed of at least 12 bases in the base sequence.
1 0. 配列番号 4又は 7の塩基配列の中の少な く と も 1 2個 の塩基からなる D N Aあるいはその誘導体。 10. A DNA comprising at least 12 bases in the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or 7, or a derivative thereof.
1 1 . 前項 5〜 1 0のいずれかに記載の D N Aを複製可能な 発現ベク ターに組込んでなる複製可能な組換え体 D N A。 11. A replicable recombinant DNA obtained by incorporating the DNA according to any of the above items 5 to 10 into a replicable expression vector.
1 2 . 前項 1 1 に記載の複製可能な組換え体 D N Aで形質転 換された微生物又は細胞。 12. A microorganism or cell transformed with the replicable recombinant DNA according to item 11 above.
1 3 . 自 己燐酸化活性、 外来基質燐酸化酵素活性、 又はアポ トーシス誘導活性からなる群よ リ 選ばれる燐酸化酵素の有す る活性の少なく と も 1つを抑制若し く は増強する物質をスク リ ーニ ングする方法に して、 前項 1 〜 3 のいずれかに記載の 燐酸化酵素又は前項 4に記載のペプチ ドを、 サンプル材料と 接触せしめ、 該燐酸化酵素の有する上記 3つの活性の少なく と も 1 つを指標と して、 燐酸化酵素の有する活性を抑制若し く は増強する物質を検出するこ と を包含する方法。 13 3. Suppress or enhance at least one activity of a phosphatase selected from the group consisting of autophosphorylation activity, exogenous substrate phosphatase activity, or apoptosis-inducing activity As a method for screening a substance, the phosphorylase according to any one of the above items 1 to 3 or the peptide according to the above item 4 is brought into contact with a sample material, and A method comprising, using at least one of the activities as an indicator, a substance that suppresses or enhances the activity of a phosphorylase.
1 4 . 前項 1 〜 3のいずれかに記載の燐酸化酵素と結合し う る抗体。 以下、 本発明について具体的に説明する。 14. An antibody capable of binding to the phosphorylase according to any one of the above items 1 to 3. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically.
配列表に記載されたア ミ ノ酸配列の左端及び右端はそれぞ れァ ミ ノ基末端 (以下、 N末) 及びカルボキシル基末端 (以 下、 C末) であ リ 、 また塩基配列の左端及び右端はそれぞれ 5 ' 末端及び 3 ' 末端である。  The left and right ends of the amino acid sequence described in the sequence listing are the amino terminal (hereinafter, N-terminal) and the carboxyl group terminal (hereinafter, C-terminal), respectively, and the left end of the base sequence. And the right end are the 5 'and 3' ends, respectively.
尚、 本発明において、 D N A塩基配列中の Aはアデニン、 Cはシ トシン、 Gはグァニン、 Tはチミ ンを示す。  In the present invention, A in the DNA base sequence indicates adenine, C indicates cytosine, G indicates guanine, and T indicates thymine.
また、 本発明においては、 3 文字表示で、 ア ミ ノ酸配列中 の A l a はァラニン、 A r g はアルギニン、 A s nはァ ス ノ ラギン、 A s p はァ ス ノ、'ラギン酸、 C y s はシスティ ン、 G 1 nはグルタ ミ ン、 G 1 u はグルタ ミ ン酸、 G 1 yはグ リ シ ン、 H i s はヒ スチジン、 I 1 e はイ ソ ロ イ シン、 L e uは ロイ シン、 L y s は リ ジン、 M e t はメ チォニン、 P h e は フエ二ルァ ラニン、 P r o はプロ リ ン、 S e r はセ リ ン、 T h r はス レオニン、 T r p は ト リ プ ト フ ァ ン、 T y r はチロ シン、 V a 1 はバ リ ンである。  Further, in the present invention, in the three-letter display, A la in the amino acid sequence is alanine, Arg is arginine, A sn is asno lagin, Asp is as no, laginic acid, Cys Is cystine, G1n is glutamine, G1u is glutamate, G1y is glycin, His is histidine, I1e is isoleucine, and Leu is leu. Syn, Lys is lysine, Met is methionine, Phe is phenylalanine, Pro is proline, Ser is serine, Thr is threonine, and Trp is triptoline. Fan, Tyr is tyrosine, and Va1 is valine.
本発明で述べられる遺伝子操作に必要な c D N Aの作製、 ノーザンブロ ッ ト による発現の検討、 Hybr idizat ion法によ るス ク リ ーニング、 組み換え体 D N Aの作製、 D N A塩基配 列の決定、 c D N Aライブラ リ ーの作製等の一連の分子生物 学的な実験は通常の実験書の記載方法によって行う こ とがで きる。 前記の通常の実験書と しては、 例ぇば1¾10 1 6(;111 3【 Clon ing, A laboratory manual, Co ld Spr ing Harbor L a b o r a t o r y Press, Sambrook,J . ら ( 1989 )を挙げる こ とができ る。 Preparation of cDNA necessary for the genetic manipulation described in the present invention, examination of expression by Northern blot, screening by hybridization method, preparation of recombinant DNA, determination of DNA base sequence, c A series of molecular biology experiments, such as the preparation of a DNA library, can be performed according to the method described in an ordinary experiment manual. Examples of the above-mentioned ordinary test book include, for example, 1¾10 16 (; 1113 [Cloning, A laboratory manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laborator. y Press, Sambrook, J. et al. (1989).
本発明において 「ポ リ ペプチ ド」 とは、 一般的に当業者に ペプチ ド、 オリ ゴペプチ ド、 ポ リ ペプチ ド、 蛋白質等と して 理解されている ものを含む。 従って、 天然の蛋白質や、 化学 合成又は組換え技術によって得られたポリ べプチ ドゃぺプチ ドも含まれてぉ リ 、 ポリ ペプチ ドは糖鎖の結合ゃリ ン酸化な どの翻訳後修飾を受けていても、 受けていなく ても良い。  In the present invention, “polypeptide” includes those generally understood by those skilled in the art as peptides, oligopeptides, polypeptides, proteins and the like. Therefore, natural proteins and polypeptides obtained by chemical synthesis or recombinant techniques are also included, and polypeptides are subject to post-translational modifications such as sugar chain binding and phosphorylation. You may or may not have received it.
本発明の燐酸化酵素、 即ち D R A K 1 と D R A K 2 は、 レ、 ずれも DAP kinase の遺伝子配列との相同性を有し、 アポ ト 一シス と何らかの関係が考えられる燐酸化酵素である。  The phosphorylases of the present invention, that is, DRAK1 and DRAK2, are homologous to the gene sequence of DAP kinase, and may be considered to have some relationship with apoptosis.
本発明でいう 「 D R A K s 」 と は、 配列番号 1に示したァ ミ ノ酸配列に代表される新規な燐酸化酵素 ドメ イ ンを包含す る燐酸化酵素である。 このよ う な燐酸化酵素の代表的なもの が、 配列番号 3及び 6 にァ ミ ノ酸配列を示した本発明の D R A K 1 及び D R A K 2 であ リ 、 いずれも配列番号 1 に示した アミ ノ酸配列を包含する燐酸化.酵素である。 D R A K 1 と D R A K 2 は共に自 己燐酸化酵素活性と外来基質に対する燐酸 化活性を持ち、 更に、 アポ トーシス誘導活性を有する酵素で ある。  The term "DRAKs" as used in the present invention is a phosphorylase that includes a novel phosphatase domain represented by the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. Representative examples of such a phosphatase are DRAK1 and DRAK2 of the present invention, each of which has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOS: 3 and 6, both of which are amino acids as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. Phosphorylation involving an acid sequence. Both DRAK1 and DRAK2 have autophosphorylase activity and phosphorylation activity on foreign substrates, and are enzymes having apoptosis-inducing activity.
本発明の D R A K 1 と高い類似性を有する蛋白質に、 新規 な human phosphorylase kinase gamma s u b un ι t ( H P H K ) (USP 5, 683, 910)が挙げられる。 データべ一ス [DGENE (Derw ent Informal ion い d .19980920 u P ) ]の検索結果から、 H P H K Gは D R A K 1 と ほぼ一致する事が判明 した。 しかし、 D R AK 1 と H P H K Gを比較する と、 翻訳開始位置が異な リ 更に、 H P H K Gには燐酸化酵素活性に必須のアデノ シン一 三燐酸が結合する領域が含まれていないこ とがあき らかとな つた。 また、 D R A Κ 1 はアポ トーシス活性を調節する燐酸 化酵素を探索する過程で見いだされた酵素であるが、 H P H KGは、 糖代謝調節を主眼と して見いだされた酵素である。 A protein having high similarity to DRAK 1 of the present invention includes a novel human phosphorylase kinase gamma subunit (HPHK) (USP 5, 683, 910). From the search results of the database [DGENE (Derwent Informal ion Id. 19980920 uP)], HPH KG was found to be almost identical to DRAK 1. However, a comparison of DRAK1 and HPHKG reveals that the translation initiation position is different. Natsuta. DRAΚ1 is an enzyme found in the process of searching for a phosphorylating enzyme that regulates apoptosis activity, while HPH KG is an enzyme that was found mainly for controlling glucose metabolism.
H P HK Gの他に、 D R AK 1及び D R A K 2 との類似性 を有する分子と して DAP kinase (国際公開公報 WO 9 5 / 1 0 6 3 0 ) 及び ZIP kinase [Kawai,T.ら, Mol.Cel l.Bioし: 18:1642 ( 1998)]が挙げられるが、 いずれの酵素も、 ァ ミ ノ 酸配列及び遺伝子配列が D R A K 1及び D R A K 2 と は異な リ 、 更に、 細胞内の局在に差が認められる。 実施例 9 に示す よ う に D R AK 1及び D R AK 2 は細胞全体に渡って局在す るが、 DAP kinaseは細胞質の細胞骨格繊維と 同一局在を示し ZIP kinaseは細胞核に局在を示す。 また D R A K 1 と D R A K 2に共通する燐酸化酵素領域と の相同性が認め られる分子 と して T R I O (国際公開公報 W0 9 7 Z 3 5 9 7 9 ) 挙げられる。 T R I Oのァ ミ ノ酸配列と遺伝子配列はいずれ も D R AK 1及び D R AK 2のものと は異なる。 更に、 最近 になって T R I Oは MAP k i n a s eカスケー ドに関与する分子で ぁ リ 、 細胞形態や細胞運動と関係がある こ とが報告されてい る [Bel langer, J.M. e t a 1. , Oncogene, 16: 147 ( 1998)]。 本発明の燐酸化酵素はいずれも配列表に示したアミ ノ酸配 列に限定される ものではない。 従って、 本発明の燐酸化酵素 には、 「 1若し く は数個のア ミ ノ 酸が欠失、 置換若しく は付 加されたア ミ ノ酸配列」 も含まれる。 この様な配列は、 自然 界において見出される対立遺伝子変異や自然突然変異、 更に は、 人為的な突然変異や遺伝子組換え技術を用いて得られる 変異体のア ミ ノ酸配列を意味する。 この様なア ミ ノ酸の改変 や置換に関しては、 例えば Bennettらの特許出願 (国際公開 公報 WO 9 6 / 2 6 4 5 ) な どを参照する こ とができる。 In addition to HPHKG, molecules having similarity to DRAK1 and DRAK2 include DAP kinase (International Publication WO95 / 106630) and ZIP kinase [Kawai, T. et al., Mol. Cell Enzyme: 18: 1642 (1998)], but all enzymes have amino acid sequences and gene sequences that are different from DRAK 1 and DRAK 2, and furthermore, localization in cells. Differences are observed. As shown in Example 9, DRAK1 and DRAK2 are localized throughout the cell, but DAP kinase is co-localized with cytoskeletal fibers in the cytoplasm and ZIP kinase is localized in the cell nucleus . Also, TRIO (International Publication W097Z35997) is a molecule that has homology with the phosphorylase region common to DRAK1 and DRAK2. Both the amino acid sequence and the gene sequence of TRIO are different from those of DRAK1 and DRAK2. In addition, it has recently been reported that TRIO is a molecule involved in the MAP kinase cascade, and is associated with cell morphology and cell motility [Bell langer, JMeta 1., Oncogene, 16: 147]. (1998)]. None of the phosphorylases of the present invention are limited to the amino acid sequences shown in the sequence listing. Therefore, the phosphatase of the present invention also includes "an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added". Such a sequence refers to the amino acid sequence of an allelic or spontaneous mutation found in nature, or a mutant obtained by artificial mutation or genetic recombination technology. For such modification and substitution of amino acid, reference can be made to, for example, the patent application of Bennett et al. (International Publication WO96 / 26445).
本発明に包含されるア ミ ノ酸配列は、 全て本発明の新規な 燐酸化酵素の活性を有するポ リ べプチ ドであ リ 、 たと え 1つ のア ミ ノ酸残基の改変であっても、 その活性を損失させるよ う な変化を含むア ミ ノ酸配列は本発明には含まれない。 具体 的には、 D R A K 1及び D R A K 2の場合、 その自己燐酸化 活性、 外来基質に対する燐酸化活性、 及びアポ トーシス誘導 活性を有するポリ ペプチ ドのみ.が本発明に含まれる。  The amino acid sequence encompassed by the present invention is all a polypeptide having the activity of the novel phosphatase of the present invention, and is a modification of one amino acid residue. However, an amino acid sequence containing a change that causes loss of its activity is not included in the present invention. Specifically, in the case of DRAK1 and DRAK2, only polypeptides having their autophosphorylation activity, phosphorylation activity on foreign substrates, and apoptosis-inducing activity are included in the present invention.
更に本発明によれば、 燐酸化酵素の少なく と も 6個のア ミ ノ酸からなるぺプチ ドが提供される。  Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a peptide comprising at least six amino acids of a phosphorylase.
本発明の全長蛋白質及びその部分ペプチ ドは、 診断又は治 療を目 的と した酵素活性の測定系の作製や、 抗体の作製、 更 に該酵素活性を調節し う る新たな調節蛋白の解明に有用であ る。 例えば、 配列番号 3の 6 1番目カゝら 3 2 3番目のァ ミ ノ 酸からなるペプチ ド及び配列番号 6 の 3 4番目 から 2 9 5番 目のア ミ ノ酸からなるペプチ ドは、 配列番号 1 に示した燐酸 化酵素活性 ドメ イ ンに対応する領域でぁ リ 、 図 6 に示したよ う に、 本発明の燐酸化酵素に特有の配列である。 これらの配 列は、 酵素活性の測定系を作製する際に有用である。 また、 配列番号 3 の 3 5 3番目カゝら 3 6 4番目 のア ミ ノ酸からなる ペプチ ド及び配列番号 6 の 3 1 9番目から 3 3 1 番目 のア ミ ノ酸からなるペプチ ドは、 実施例 1 6 と実施例 1 7で示した よ う に、 抗体の作製に有用である。 更に実施例 2 0及び実施 例 2 1 で行ったよ う に、 配列番号 3 の 3 2 2番目カゝら 4 1 4 番目 のア ミ ノ酸からなるペプチ ド及び配列番号 6 の 2 9 3番 目から 3 7 2番目 のア ミ ノ酸からなるペプチ ドには、 酵素活 性調節能がぁ リ 、 この領域に結合する新たな活性調節蛋白質 の解明に有用である。 The full-length protein and its partial peptides of the present invention can be used to prepare a system for measuring enzyme activity for diagnosis or therapy, to prepare antibodies, and to elucidate new regulatory proteins that further regulate the enzyme activity. Useful for For example, a peptide consisting of amino acid 3 at position 23 of SEQ ID NO: 3 and amino acids 3 to 4 at position 29 of SEQ ID NO: 6 The peptide consisting of the amino acid of the eye is a region corresponding to the phosphatase active domain shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and as shown in FIG. 6, it is unique to the phosphatase of the present invention. Is an array. These sequences are useful when creating a system for measuring enzyme activity. In addition, the peptide consisting of the amino acid at positions 35 and 36 of SEQ ID NO: 3 and the peptide consisting of the amino acids at positions 319 to 31 of SEQ ID NO: 6 are As shown in Examples 16 and 17, it is useful for producing antibodies. Furthermore, as performed in Example 20 and Example 21, the peptide consisting of the amino acid at the 3rd and 4th positions of SEQ ID NO: 3 and the 293rd position of the amino acid at the 4th position of SEQ ID NO: 6 The peptide consisting of the amino acid at position 37-2 has the ability to regulate enzyme activity, and is useful for elucidating a novel activity regulating protein that binds to this region.
更に本発明によれば、 上記した本発明の燐酸化酵素をコ一 ドする D N Aが提供される。 本発明の燐酸化酵素である D R A K 1 及び D R A K 2 の D N Aを配列表の配列番号 2及び配 列番号 5 に記載した。 しかし本発明の燐酸化酵素をコー ドす る D N Aはこれらの配列に限定されるものではなく 、 遺伝子 コー ドの縮重等によって得られる D N Aも本発明に含まれる , 従って、 本発明の D N Aには、 ( 1 ) 配列番号 2又は配列番 号 5 の塩基配列からなる D N Aと ス ト リ ンジェン トな条件で ハイブ リ ダィズする D N A、 及び ( 2 ) 配列番号 2又は配列 番号 5 の塩基配列からなる D N Aと 7 0 %以上の相同性を有 する D N Aも含まれる。 Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a DNA encoding the above-described phosphorylase of the present invention. The DNAs of the phosphatase of the present invention, DRAK1 and DRAK2, are shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 5 in the sequence listing. However, the DNA encoding the phosphorylase of the present invention is not limited to these sequences, and DNA obtained by degeneracy of the gene code is also included in the present invention. Is composed of (1) a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 5 and a DNA hybridizing under stringent conditions; and (2) a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 5 Over 70% homology with DNA DNA is included.
本発明でい う 「ス ト リ ンジェン トな条件でハイブリ ダイズ する D N A」 と は、 ハイブリ ダィゼーシヨ ン後の洗浄条件、 例えば、 温度や塩濃度を適当に変化させる こ とで、 非特異的 なハイ ブリ ダイゼーショ ンを減少させた条件で同定される、 高度に相捕的な配列を意味する。 具体的には、 実施例 3 と実 施例 4で用レ、た 2 X S S C , 0 . 1 % S D S , 6 5 °C等の、 ハイプリ ダイ ズするポリ ヌ ク レオチ ド間の特異性を保証する 条件でハイブリ ダイ ズする D N Aである。  The term “DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions” as used in the present invention refers to washing conditions after hybridization, for example, by appropriately changing the temperature and the salt concentration to obtain nonspecific high-molecular-weight DNA. A highly complementary sequence, identified under conditions of reduced hybridization. Specifically, the specificity between the hybridizing polynucleotides, such as 2 XSSC, 0.1% SDS, 65 ° C, etc. in Examples 3 and 4 is guaranteed. DNA that hybridizes under the conditions.
更に本発明によれば、 本発明の D N Aの塩基配列よ リ選ば れる少なく と も 1 2個の塩基からなる D N Aあるいはその誘 導体が提供される。 こ の様な D N Aと しては、 例えば、 配列 番号 2及び配列番号 6 の塩基配列から選ばれる少なく と も 1 2個以上、 好ま しく は 1 6個以上、 さ らに好ま しく は 1 8個 以上の塩基からなる D NAが挙げられる。 又、 配列番号 2及 ぴ配列番号 5の塩基配列の相補鎖である配列番号 3及び配列 番号 6 の塩基配列から選ばれる少なく と も 1 2個以上、 好ま しく は 1 6個以上、 さ らに好ま しく は 1 8個以上の塩基から なる D N Aも非常に有用である。 こ の様な D N Aを用いれば 燐酸化酵素の c D N Aク ローン、 c D N A, ゲノ ム D N A, ゲノ ム遺伝子ク ローンなどの検出が可能である。 必要な D N Aの長さはその配列の特異性、 検出 しよ う と している D N A との結合の安定性等にによって異なるが、 D N Aを用いた po 1 yme r a s e chain react ion ( P C R) によって 目 的の D N A を検出する場合には、 T m ( 2本鎖解離温度) が 4 5 °C以上 である D N A断片を用いる こ とが望ま しい。 P C Rのよ う に D N Aと D N Aが結合する場合には、 一つの G C結合を 4 °C と し、 一つの A T結合を 2 °Cと して合算 し、 T mを推定する こ とができ る。 従って、 G Cコ ンテン トが高い場合には 1 2 塩基以上のの核酸、 G Cコ ンテン トが 5 0 %ぐ らいの一般的 な領域の場合には 1 6塩基以上の核酸が必要と なる。 D NA との結合が安定な核酸誘導体を用いる場合には、 さ らに短い 核酸を用いても 目的 D N Aの検出が可能である。 D N Aの誘 導体と しては、 上記した D N Aが例えばメ チル化、 メ チルフ ォス フ ェー ト化、 脱ァ ミ ノ化、 またはチォフォ ス フェー ト化 された誘導体を用いる こ とができ る。 Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a DNA comprising at least 12 bases selected from the base sequence of the DNA of the present invention or a derivative thereof. Such DNAs include, for example, at least 12 or more, preferably 16 or more, and more preferably 18 or more selected from the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 6. A DNA consisting of the above bases is exemplified. In addition, at least 12 or more, preferably 16 or more, selected from the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 6, which are complementary to the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 5, and DNA consisting of preferably 18 or more bases is also very useful. Use of such DNA makes it possible to detect cDNA clones of phosphatase, cDNA, genomic DNA, and genomic gene clones. The required length of DNA depends on the specificity of the sequence, the stability of binding to the DNA to be detected, etc. 1 When detecting the target DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), it is desirable to use a DNA fragment having a Tm (double-stranded dissociation temperature) of 45 ° C or more. When DNA binds to each other as in PCR, one GC bond can be combined at 4 ° C and one AT bond can be combined at 2 ° C, and the Tm can be estimated. . Therefore, a nucleic acid of 12 bases or more is required when the GC content is high, and a nucleic acid of 16 bases or more is required for a general region where the GC content is about 50%. When a nucleic acid derivative having stable binding to DNA is used, the target DNA can be detected even with a shorter nucleic acid. As a derivative of the DNA, a derivative in which the above-mentioned DNA is, for example, methylated, methylphosphated, deaminated, or thiophosphated can be used. .
この様な D N A又はその誘導体を用いた遺伝子診断の方法 と して、 ハイブ リ ダィゼーシヨ ン、 P C R等の手法が挙げら れる。 また、 同様な方法で、 マウス等の他の生物の有する本 発明の遺伝子のホモロ グの検出や遺伝子ク ローニングも可能 である。 更に、 ヒ ト を含めたゲノ ム上の遺伝子のク ローニン グも同様に可能であ リ 、 ク ローニングした遺伝子を利用 し、 例えば、 ト ラ ンスジエニッ クマウス、 ジーンターゲッティ ン グマウス、 また、 本発明の遺伝子と 関連する遺伝子を共に不 活化したダブルノ ックァゥ トマウスなどの近年の遺伝子操作 技術を使用すれば、 本発明の燐酸化酵素の更に詳細な機能を 解明する こ と も出来る。 Examples of a method for genetic diagnosis using such DNA or a derivative thereof include techniques such as hybridization and PCR. In a similar manner, it is also possible to detect homologs of the gene of the present invention in other organisms such as mice and to perform gene cloning. Furthermore, the cloning of genes on the genome including humans is also possible, and the cloned genes can be used, for example, transgenic mice, gene targeting mice, and the present invention. With the use of recent gene manipulation techniques such as double knockout mice in which both genes and related genes have been inactivated, more detailed functions of the phosphorylase of the present invention can be obtained. It can be clarified.
本発明の D N A及びその誘導体は、 本発明の燐酸化酵素に 特有の配列 (即ち、 配列番号 1 の配列に対応する領域) であ る配列番号 2の 2 9 8番目 から 1 0 8 6番目 の塩基からなる D N A、 あるいは配列番号 5の記載の 3 6 1番目から 1 1 4 6番目 の塩基からなる D N Aよ リ 選ばれる こ とが好ま しい。 このよ う な D N Aを用い、 D R A K 1又は D R AK 2 に固有 の酵素活性をマウス等で増強または欠失させる こ とによって, D R A K 1 又は D R A K 2 の更に詳細な機能を解析する こ と が可能である。 また、 細胞内での蛋白質一蛋白質総合作用を 応用 して遺伝子解析を行う ツーハイプリ ッ ド評価法 [Hsu, H. ら, Proc. Nat l. Acad. Sc i . USA. , 91:3181 ( 1994) ] を用 いれば、 情報伝達分子群の解析が可能である。  The DNA and the derivative thereof of the present invention include the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, which corresponds to the sequence unique to the phosphatase of the present invention (that is, the region corresponding to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). It is preferable to select from DNA consisting of bases or DNA consisting of bases 361 to 1146 described in SEQ ID NO: 5. By using such DNA to enhance or delete the enzyme activity specific to DRAK 1 or DRAK 2 in mice, etc., it is possible to analyze the functions of DRAK 1 or DRAK 2 in more detail. is there. In addition, a two-hybrid evaluation method in which gene analysis is performed by applying protein-protein synthesis in cells [Hsu, H. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc. USA., 91: 3181 (1994) ] Can be used to analyze a group of signaling molecules.
実施例 2 0 と実施例 2 1 で示したよ う に、 配列番号 2の 1 0 8 1 番目 から 1 3 5 9番目の塩基からなる D N A及び配列 番号 5 の 1 1 4 1番目カゝら 1 3 7 7番目 の塩基からなる D N Aは、 D R AK 1及び D R AK 2 の燐酸化酵素活性を調節す るのに重要な領域である。 上記した配列は、 D R A K 1及び D R A K 2に固有の情報伝達分子群の解析に有用である。 ま た、 ゲノ ム上に本発明の遺伝子の異常が見つかれば、 遺伝子 診断、 遺伝子治療への応用 も可能である。  As shown in Example 20 and Example 21, DNA consisting of nucleotides 108 to 1359 of SEQ ID NO: 2 and 1 1 4 1st primer of SEQ ID NO: 5 13 77 The DNA consisting of the 7th base is an important region for regulating the phosphatase activity of DRAK1 and DRAK2. The above-mentioned sequence is useful for analysis of a group of signaling molecules specific to DRAK1 and DRAK2. Further, if an abnormality of the gene of the present invention is found on the genome, it can be applied to gene diagnosis and gene therapy.
又、 本発明は、 D R AK 1及び D R A K 2の c D N Aの相 補鎖である配列番号 4及び配列番号 7の塩基配列から選ばれ る 1 2個以上、 好ま しく は 1 6個以上、 更に好ま しく は 1 8 個以上の塩基からなる D N A、 及びその誘導体である。 この 様な D NAを用いれば、 本発明の燐酸化酵素の mR NAの検 出が可能である。 例えば、 診断を 目 的と してこれらの遺伝子 の発現を調べる方法と しては、 ア ンチセンス核酸、 例えば、 配列番号 4又は配列番号 7の塩基配列の断片である D N Aや その誘導体、 又は D N Aの配列に基づいて設計されたアンチ センス R N Aを用いて、 ハイブリ ダィゼーシ ヨ ン、 プライマ 一エク ステ ンシ ョ ン、 ヌ ク レアーゼ · プロ テ ク シ ョ ン · ア ツ セィ等の手法を行う こ とができ る。 また、 本発明の燐酸化酵 素の更に詳細な機能を明らかにする こ と を 目的と して、 細胞 や生体へのアンチセ ンス核酸の投与も考えられる。 本発明の 燐酸化酵素の過剰な反応が病態となっている疾患については. 上記のアンチセ ンス核酸を用いて遺伝子の発現を抑え、 治療 を行う こ と も可能である。 また、 アンチセ ンス核酸を適当な ベク ターに組み込み、 そのベク ターを治療の為に用いる こ と も可能である。 これらアンチセンス核酸の作成例 · 使用例に つレヽて ίま Murray, J .A.H. 編、 ANTISENSE RNA AND DNA, Wi ley -Li ss, Inc. , 1992年を参照する こ と ができ る。 In addition, the present invention is selected from the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 7, which are complementary strands of the cDNAs of DRAK 1 and DRAK 2. DNA comprising at least 12 bases, preferably at least 16 bases, more preferably at least 18 bases, and derivatives thereof. By using such a DNA, it is possible to detect the mRNA of the phosphorylase of the present invention. For example, as a method for examining the expression of these genes for the purpose of diagnosis, antisense nucleic acids, for example, DNA or a derivative thereof, which is a fragment of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 7, or DNA Using the antisense RNA designed based on the sequence, it is possible to perform techniques such as hybridization, primer extension, nuclease, protection, and atsushi. You. For the purpose of clarifying the more detailed function of the phosphorylase of the present invention, administration of an antisense nucleic acid to a cell or a living body may be considered. For diseases in which the excessive reaction of the phosphorylase of the present invention is a pathological condition, it is possible to treat the disease by suppressing the expression of the gene using the above-mentioned antisense nucleic acid. It is also possible to incorporate the antisense nucleic acid into a suitable vector and use that vector for therapy. For examples of preparation and use of these antisense nucleic acids, reference can be made to Murray, J. AH, edited by ANTISENSE RNA AND DNA, Wiley-Liss, Inc., 1992.
よ リ 具体的には、 配列表に記載した配列番号 4の 1 4 9 4 番目から 1 5 1 1番目の塩基配列、 及び配列番号 7の 3 4 5 番目から 3 7 1番目 の塩基配列と 5 9 5番目 から 6 2 0番目 の塩基配列は、 いずれも実施例 1 と実施例 2で行ったよ う に D R A K 1及び D R A K 2 の検出に用いる こ と が可能であ リ , 診断を 目的と した本発明の燐酸化酵素の検出に有効である。 また遺伝子治療を 目的と したアンチセンス核酸の設計には、 例えば配列番号 4の 2 5 4 1番目 から 2 5 4 3番目付近の 2 0〜 4 0塩基からなる塩基配列、 及び配列番号 7の 1 3 9 6 番目から 1 3 9 8番目付近の 2 0〜 4 0塩基の塩基配列が有 用である。 More specifically, the nucleotide sequence from the 149th to the 154th nucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the nucleotide sequence from the 345th to the 37th nucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 7 described in the sequence listing and 5 95 The nucleotide sequences from the 5th to the 62nd nucleotide were all the same as in Examples 1 and 2. It can be used for detecting DRAK 1 and DRAK 2, and is effective for detecting the phosphorylase of the present invention for diagnostic purposes. For the design of antisense nucleic acids for gene therapy, for example, a base sequence consisting of 20 to 40 bases near the 2541st to 254th positions of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the 1 Base sequences of 20 to 40 bases near the 396th to 1398th positions are useful.
更に本発明によれば、 上記した本発明のいずれかの D N A を含有する こ と を特徴とする組換え体 D N Aが提供される。 本発明の組換え体 D N Aを調製する為に用いられるベク タ 一は特に限定されないが、 通常用いられるべク ターを利用す るこ と ができる。 具体的には、 大腸菌由来の P B R 3 2 2 , p U C 8 , p U C 1 9 , P U C 1 8 , p U C 1 1 9 (いずれ も 日本国、 T a K a R a社製) 、 枯草菌由来プラス ミ ド、 酵 母由来プラス ミ ド等のプラス ミ ドベク ター、 g t l O , λ g t 1 1 (いずれも米国、 St rat agene社製) などのバクテ リ オファージベク ター、 レ ト ロ ウイノレスゃワ ク シニアウイノレス などの動物ウイノレ ス等が挙げられるが、 その他のものであつ ても宿主内で増殖でき る ものであればよい。 本発明の組換え 体 D N Aの具体的な例と しては、 ベク ター p E F B O S [Mi z ush ima, S. ら, Nucleic Acids Res . , 18: 5322 ( 1990) ] D R A K 1遺伝子を挿入して得たプラス ミ ド pEFBOS- FLAG-DRAK 1 (実施例 5 を参照) や、 D R AK 2遺伝子を挿入して得た プラス ミ ド p EFBOS- FLAG- DRAK2 (実施例 6 を参照) が挙げら れる。 Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a recombinant DNA comprising any one of the above-mentioned DNAs of the present invention. The vector used for preparing the recombinant DNA of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any commonly used vector can be used. Specifically, PBR32, pUC8, pUC19, PUC18, pUC119 derived from Escherichia coli (all manufactured by TaKaRa, Japan), Bacillus subtilis Plasmid vectors such as plasmid, yeast-derived plasmid, etc., bacteriophage vectors such as gtl O, λ gt11 (all manufactured by Stratagene, USA), and letro vinoles vaccinia Examples include animal vinoles, such as vinoles, and any other types may be used as long as they can be propagated in the host. As a specific example of the recombinant DNA of the present invention, the vector pEFBOS [Misushima, S. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 18: 5322 (1990)] is inserted. The plasmid pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1 (see Example 5) and the DRAK2 gene were inserted. Plasmid p EFBOS-FLAG-DRAK2 (see Example 6).
また、 本発明の組換え体 D N Aは公知の宿主に導入するこ とが好ま しい。 即ち、 本発明によれば、 組換え体 D N Aで形 質転換された微生物又は細胞が提供される。  Further, it is preferable to introduce the recombinant DNA of the present invention into a known host. That is, according to the present invention, there is provided a microorganism or cell transformed with the recombinant DNA.
本発明の組換え体 D N Aを導入する宿主は特に限定されな いが、 本発明の組換え体 D N Aを発現可能な微生物又は細胞 である。 具体的には、 ェシエ リ ヒ ア (Escher ichia) 属菌 ( 大腸菌) 、 バチルス (Baci l lus) 属菌 (枯草菌) などの原核 細胞に、 カルシウムク ロ ライ ド法等を用いて組換え体 D N A を導入する こ とができ る。 上記ェシエ リ ヒア属菌の例と して は、 ェシエ リ ヒ ア コ リ K 1 2 、 H B 101 , M C 1 0 6 1 , L Ε 3 9 2 , J M 1 0 9 、 I N V a F ' が挙げられる , 上記バチルス属菌の例と してはバチルス サチ リ ス M l 1 1 4が挙げられる。 また、 フ ァージベク ターは、 例えば増殖さ せた大腸菌にィ ン ビ ト 口パッケージング法 ( P r 0 c . Na t 1. Ac a d Sci. 74:3259-3263 , 1977 ) を用いて導入するこ とができ る。 また、 動物細胞、 昆虫細胞などの真核細胞も宿主と して用い るこ と ができる。  The host into which the recombinant DNA of the present invention is introduced is not particularly limited, but is a microorganism or a cell capable of expressing the recombinant DNA of the present invention. Specifically, prokaryotic cells such as Escherichia sp. (Escherichia coli) and Bacillus sp. (Bacillus subtilis) are recombinantly prepared using the calcium chloride method or the like. DNA can be introduced. Examples of the genus Escherichia include Escherichia coli K12, HB101, MC1061, LΕ392, JM109, and INVaF '. Examples of the Bacillus genus include Bacillus subtilis Ml 114. Phage vectors can be introduced into, for example, grown Escherichia coli using the in vitro packaging method (Pr0c. Nat 1. Acid Sci. 74: 3259-3263, 1977). It can be. Eukaryotic cells such as animal cells and insect cells can also be used as hosts.
本発明の D R A K 1 の全ア ミ ノ酸配列をコー ドする c D N Aを含むプラス ミ ド hDRAKl- pBSを大腸菌 D H 5 α に遺伝子導 入した形質転換細胞 E. C o 1 i :DH5 α - hDRAKl- pBSは、 日本国通 商産業省工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所 ( =Γ 3 0 5 — 0 0 4 6 、 日本国茨城県つく ば巿東 1 丁目 1 番 3 号に平成 9年 1 2月 2 2 日) に平成 9年 1 1 月 2 1 日 に受託番号 : F E R M B P— 6 1 8 0 と して国際寄託されている。 また、 本発 明の D R A K 2 の全ア ミ ノ酸配列をコー ドする c D N Aを含 むプラス ミ ド hDRAK2- pT7を大腸菌 D Η 5 α に遺伝子導入した 形質転換細胞 E. co 1 i :DH5 α - hDRAK2- ρΤ7は、 日本国通商産業 省工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所 ( =P 3 0 5 — 0 0 4 6 , 日本国茨城県つく ば巿東 1 丁目 1 番 3号に平成 9年 1 2月 2 2 日) に平成 9年 1 1 月 2 1 日 に受託番号 : F E RM B P 一 6 1 8 1 と して国際寄託されている。 Transformed cells obtained by introducing a plasmid hDRAKl-pBS containing cDNA encoding the entire amino acid sequence of DRAK1 of the present invention into Escherichia coli DH5α E. Co1i: DH5α-hDRAKl -pBS is the Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry of Japan (= Γ305--0 0 46, Ibaraki Pref., Tsukuba East 1-chome 1-3-2, 1997, February 22, 1997) Accession number on January 21, 1997: FERMBP- 6180 Has been internationally deposited. In addition, a transformed cell E.co1i: DH5 in which Escherichia coli DT5α was transfected with plasmid hDRAK2-pT7 containing cDNA encoding the entire amino acid sequence of DRAK2 of the present invention. α-hDRAK2-ρΤ7 is the Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan (= P 305 — 0 46, Tsukuba East, Ibaraki, Japan). Deposit No .: FE RM BP 6-181 on January 21, 1997 on January 22, 1997).
本発明の形質転換体を用いれば、 D R A K 1 及び D R AK 2 を容易に製造する こ とが可能である。 形質転換体による燐 酸化酵素発現系については、 Kr iegler, Gene Transf er and Express ion - A La oratory Manual, Stockton Press, (1990) 及び横田 ら、 バイオマニュ アルシ リ ーズ 4 , 遺伝子導入と発 現 · 解析法、 羊土社、 1996年(Japan)等を参考に構築する こ とができ る。  By using the transformant of the present invention, DRAK1 and DRAK2 can be easily produced. Regarding the phosphorylase expression system using transformants, see Kriegler, Gene Transfer and Expression-A Laoratory Manual, Stockton Press, (1990) and Yokota et al., Biomanual Series 4, Gene transfer and expression. · It can be constructed with reference to analysis method, Yodosha, 1996 (Japan), etc.
燐酸化酵素を製造する際に使用する組換え体 D N Aは、 ベ ク タ一に揷入された燐酸化酵素をコー ドする D N Aの 5 , 末 端に翻訳開始コ ドン、 その 3 ' 末端に翻訳終止コ ドンを有し ていて もよい。 翻訳開始コ ドンや翻訳終止コ ドンは適当な合 成核酸アダプターを用いて付加する こ と もでき る。 更に、 目 的とする D N Aを発現させるために、 D N Aの上流にプロモ —ターを接続する こ とが好ま しい。 The recombinant DNA used to produce the phosphatase is the translation initiation codon at the 5 'and 5' ends of the DNA encoding the phosphatase inserted in the vector, and the 3 'end It may have a stop codon. A translation initiation codon and a translation termination codon can also be added using an appropriate synthetic nucleic acid adapter. In addition, to express the target DNA, a promoter is placed upstream of the DNA. — It is preferable to connect
本発明に用いられるプロモーターは、 遺伝子発現に用いる 宿主に対応したプロ モーターであれば特に限定されない。 宿 主がェシエ リ ヒ ア属菌である場合は、 t a c プロモーター、 t r p プロ モーター、 1 a c プロ モーターな どが好ま し く 、 宿主がバチルス属菌である場合には S P O 1 プロモーター、 S P O 2プロモーターなどが好ま しい。 宿主が原核細胞であ る場合には、 導入する組換え体 D N Aはプロモーターと と も に リ ボソーム結合部位を有する こ とが好ま しい。 又、 宿主が 酵母である場合には P G Kプロモーター、 G A Pプロモータ 一、 A D Hプロモーターなどが好ま しく 、 宿主が動物細胞で ある場合には、 S V 4 0 由来のプロ モーター、 レ ト ロ ウイノレ ス のプロモーター、 メ タノレチォネイ ンプロ モーター、 ヒ ー ト ショ ッ クプロモーターなどが利用でき る。  The promoter used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a promoter corresponding to a host used for gene expression. If the host is a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, a tac promoter, a trp promoter, a 1ac promoter, etc. are preferred.If the host is a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, an SPO1 promoter, an SPO2 promoter, etc. Is preferred. When the host is a prokaryotic cell, the recombinant DNA to be introduced preferably has a ribosome binding site together with a promoter. When the host is yeast, a PGK promoter, a GAP promoter, an ADH promoter, etc. are preferred.When the host is an animal cell, a SV40-derived promoter, a retroviral promoter, Metabolic promoters and heat shock promoters can be used.
本発明の燐酸化酵素を製造する際に用いる D N Aと しては 配列番号 1のア ミ ノ酸配列を包含する燐酸化酵素をコー ドす る D N Aであれば特に限定されない。 具体的には、 D R AK 1 をコー ドする配列番号 2 の D N Aや D R AK 2 をコー ドす る配列番号 5の D N Aを用いるこ とができ る。 又、 特別の機 能を付加した憐酸化酵素を生産するために、 燐酸化酵素をコ ― ドする D N Aに公知の塩基配列を結合する こ と もでき る。 例えば、 産生された蛋白質の検出を容易にするために、 抗原 ェピ トープをコ一 ドする核酸を付加する こ とができ る。 この よ う な技術の一例について、 Choe, H. ら、 Cel l, 85 , 1135-1 148 , 1996を参照する こ とができ る。 The DNA used for producing the phosphatase of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it encodes a phosphatase including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. Specifically, the DNA of SEQ ID NO: 2 encoding DRAK1 and the DNA of SEQ ID NO: 5 encoding DRAK2 can be used. In addition, in order to produce a oxidase having a special function, a known nucleotide sequence can be bound to DNA encoding the phosphatase. For example, nucleic acids encoding antigen epitopes can be added to facilitate detection of the produced protein. this For an example of such a technique, see Choe, H. et al., Cell, 85, 1135-1148, 1996.
燐酸化酵素、 即ち D R A K 1 又は D R A K 2 を製造するた めの形質転換体は、 上記のよ う に して構築された組換え体 D N Aを、 D N Aを発現可能な宿主細胞に導入して得られる。 宿主と して用い られる細胞は、 上記したェシエ リ ヒア属菌、 バチルス属菌、 酵母、 動物細胞などを用いる こ とができ る。 ょ リ具体的には、 動物細胞が好ま しく 、 サル細胞である C O S— 7, V e r 0細胞、 チャイ ニーズハムス ター細胞 C H O : カイ コ細胞 S F 9 などが挙げられる。  A transformant for producing a phosphatase, that is, DRAK1 or DRAK2, is obtained by introducing the recombinant DNA constructed as described above into a host cell capable of expressing DNA. . As the cells used as the host, the above-mentioned Escherichia genus, Bacillus genus, yeast, animal cells and the like can be used. Specifically, animal cells are preferred, and monkey cells such as COS-7, Vero cells, Chinese hamster cells CHO: silkworm cells SF9, and the like can be mentioned.
実施例 7及び 8で行ったよ う に、 上記の発現ベク ターを C O S— 7細胞に遺伝子導入して形質転換体を製造する こ とが できる。 形質転換体を培養する こ と によって、 本発明の燐酸 化酵素である D R A K 1又は D R A K 2 を製造するこ とがで きる。 培養した形質転換体によ る燐酸化酵素の製造は、 実施 例 7及び 8で用いた Western bloU ing法によって確認するこ とができる。  As described in Examples 7 and 8, a transformant can be produced by introducing the above-described expression vector into a COS-7 cell. By culturing the transformant, DRAK1 or DRAK2 as the phosphorylating enzyme of the present invention can be produced. The production of the phosphorylase from the cultured transformant can be confirmed by the Western bloUing method used in Examples 7 and 8.
本発明の燐酸化酵素である D R A K 1及び D R A K 2は、 HeLa細胞においてァポ トーシスを誘導する こ とが知られてい る DAP kinaseの遺伝子情報を元に取得された酵素である。 そ して、 D R AK 1及ぴ D R A K 2がアポ トーシス誘導活性を 有する こ とは実施例 1 0及び実施例 1 1 の実験によって確認 された。 D R A K 1 を用いた実験に付いて以下に説明する。 野生型 D R A K 1 である FLAG - DRAKl ( p EFBOS - FLAG-DRAK 1)、 燐酸化酵素活性欠失型 D R A K 1 である FLAG-DRAK1K90A (pE FBOS- FLAG— DRAK1K90A)、 及び対照と しての Ve c t o r (pEFBOSmo ck)をそれぞれ L a c Z発現ベク ター(pEFBOS-LacZ) と と もに N I H 3 T 3細胞に リ ポフエク ショ ン法を用いて一過的に導 入した。 導入 3 6 時間後に X— g a 1 染色を行った結果、 野 生型 D R A K 1 導入細胞は核の凝集を伴う典型的なアポ トー シス形態を示していた。 野生型 D R A K 1 導入細胞及び欠失 型 D R A K 1 導入細胞のアポ トーシス形態を示 した細胞の割 合はそれぞれ 2 5 . 3 %と 2 . 1 %であった。 同様の結果が D R A K 2 に関しても得られている。 上記の実験結果から明 らかなよ う に、 本発明の D R A K 1 又は D R A K 2形質転換 細胞はアポ トーシス形態を示すこ とから、 アポ トーシス抑制 活性を有する化合物のス ク リ一ユングに有効である。 The phosphorylases DRAK 1 and DRAK 2 of the present invention are enzymes obtained based on the genetic information of DAP kinase, which is known to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. The experiments in Examples 10 and 11 confirmed that DRAK1 and DRAK2 had apoptosis-inducing activity. An experiment using DRAK 1 is described below. FLAG-DRAKl (p EFBOS-FLAG-DRAK 1), wild-type DRAK 1, FLAG-DRAK1K90A (pE FBOS-FLAG-DRAK1K90A), DRAK 1 with phosphatase activity, and Vector as control (pEFBOSmock) was transiently introduced into NIH 3T3 cells together with the LacZ expression vector (pEFBOS-LacZ) using the lipofection method. X-ga1 staining was performed 36 hours after transfection. As a result, wild-type DRAK1-transfected cells showed typical apoptotic morphology with nuclear aggregation. The percentages of cells showing apoptotic morphology of wild-type DRAK1-introduced cells and deletion-type DRAK1-introduced cells were 25.3% and 2.1%, respectively. Similar results have been obtained for DRAK 2. As is evident from the above experimental results, the transformed DRAK1 or DRAK2 cells of the present invention show an apoptosis morphology, which is effective for screening compounds having apoptosis inhibitory activity. .
更に、 本発明者らは D R A K 1 と D R A K 2 の有するアポ トーシス誘導活性とその燐酸化酵素活性との関係を実施例 1 0〜 1 5 に示した実験を行う こ と によって検討し、 燐酸化酵 素活性がアポ トーシスの誘導に必須である こ と を確認した。 従って、 本発明の燐酸化酵素の有する燐酸化酵素活性もアポ トーシスを誘導または抑制する物質のスク リ ーニングに有効 である。 具体的には更に本発明によれば、 本発明の燐酸化酵 素又はそのべプチ ドをサンプル材料と接触せしめ、 燐酸化酵 素の有する活性 (自 己燐酸化活性、 外来基質燐酸化酵素活性 又はアポ ト一シス誘導活性) の少なく と も 1 つを指標と して 燐酸化酵素の有する活性を抑制若し く は増強する物質を検出 する こ と を包含する方法が提供される。 Furthermore, the present inventors examined the relationship between the apoptosis-inducing activity of DRAK1 and DRAK2 and the activity of its phosphatase by conducting the experiments shown in Examples 10 to 15. It has been confirmed that elementary activity is essential for induction of apoptosis. Therefore, the phosphatase activity of the phosphatase of the present invention is also effective for screening substances that induce or suppress apoptosis. More specifically, according to the present invention, the phosphatase of the present invention or its peptide is brought into contact with a sample material, and the activity of the phosphatase (autophosphorylation activity, exogenous substrate phosphorylase activity) is obtained. Or apoptosis-inducing activity) as an indicator, and detecting a substance that suppresses or enhances the activity of the phosphorylase.
更に本発明によれば、 D R A K 1 又は D R A K 2 と結合し う る抗体が提供される。  Further, according to the present invention, there is provided an antibody that binds to DRAK1 or DRAK2.
本発明の燐酸化酵素である D R A K 1 又は D R AK 2 を特 異的に認識する抗体は、 実施例 1 6 と 1 7 に示したよ う にし て作製する こ とができ る。 抗体を作製する際に用いるぺプチ ドの長さは特に限定されないが、 本発明の燐酸化酵素蛋白質 を特徴づけられる長さであればよ く 、 6 ア ミ ノ酸残基以上、 好ま し く は 8ア ミ ノ酸残基以上のぺプチ ドを用いるこ とがで き る。 このペプチ ドをそのまま、 又は K L H (keyho 1 e-1 imp e t hemocyan in) や β ¾ Α 、 Dov i ne s e rum a l bumin) とレヽ っ たキヤ リ ァ蛋白質と架橋した後に必要に応じてアジュバン ト と共に動物へ接種せしめ、 その血清を回収する こ とで燐酸化 酵素 ( D R AK 1 又は D R A K 2 ) を認識する抗体 (ポリ ク ロ ーナル抗体) を含む抗血清が得られる。 また、 得られた抗 血清よ リ抗体を精製して使用する こ と も可能である。 抗原を 接種する動物と しては、 ヒ ッジ、 ゥシ、 ャギ、 ゥサギ、 マウ ス、 ラ ッ ト等を用いるが、 ポ リ ク ロ一ナル抗体の作製にはヒ ッジゃゥサギが好ま しい。 また、 ハイプリ ドーマ細胞を作製 する公知の方法によ リ モ ノ ク ロ ーナル抗体を作製する こ と も 可能であ り 、 この場合はマウスが好ま しい。 また、 配列番号 1 、 3及び 6 に示したア ミ ノ酸配列の全長 または、 ア ミ ノ 酸配列よ リ選ばれる 6 ア ミ ノ酸残基以上、 好 ま しく は 8ア ミ ノ酸残基以上のペプチ ドを G S T (ダルタチ オン S— ト ラ ンスフェラーゼ)などと融合させ、 得られた ペプチ ドを精製または未精製のまま、 抗原と して用いる こ と もでき る。 Antibodies that specifically recognize the phosphorylase DRAK1 or DRAK2 of the present invention can be prepared as described in Examples 16 and 17. The length of the peptide used for preparing the antibody is not particularly limited, but may be any length that can characterize the phosphorylase protein of the present invention, and is preferably 6 amino acid residues or more. Can use a peptide having 8 amino acid residues or more. The peptide is adjuvanted as it is, or after cross-linking with KLH (keyho 1 e-1 imp et hemocyanin), β-¾, Dv i nse rum al bumin) and the carrier protein. At the same time, the antibody is inoculated into an animal, and the serum is collected to obtain an antiserum containing an antibody (polyclonal antibody) that recognizes a phosphorylase (DRAK1 or DRAK2). It is also possible to purify the antibody from the obtained antiserum and use it. As the animals to be inoculated with the antigen, sheep, rabbits, goats, rabbits, mice, rats, etc. are used, but sheep and rabbits are used for the production of polyclonal antibodies. I like it. In addition, it is also possible to prepare a monoclonal antibody by a known method for preparing a hybridoma cell. In this case, a mouse is preferable. In addition, the full length of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3 and 6, or more than 6 amino acid residues selected from the amino acid sequence, preferably 8 amino acid residues The above peptides can be fused with GST (daltathione S-transferase) or the like, and the resulting peptides can be used as antigens, either as purified or unpurified.
更に、 本発明の抗体は、 成書 (Ant ibodi es a l aboratory manual, E.Har low e t a 1. , し o ld Spr ing Harbor Laboratory) に示された各種の方法及び遺伝子ク ローニング法などによ リ 分離されたィ ム ノ グロプリ ン遺伝子を用いて、 細胞に発現さ せた遺伝子組換え体抗体と しても作製する こ とができ る。 こ のよ う な方法で作製された抗体は、 本発明の燐酸化酵素の精 製に利用するこ と もでき る。 Furthermore, the antibody of the present invention can be prepared by various methods and gene cloning methods shown in a companion document (Antibodi es aboratory manual, E. Harlow et al., Old Spring Harbor Laboratory). Using the isolated immunoglobulin gene, it can also be produced as a recombinant antibody expressed in cells. Antibodies produced by such a method can also be used for purification of the phosphorylase of the present invention.
上記した D R A K 1 と D R A K 2 と共に、 本発明者らは、 DAP kinaseと相同性を有する燐酸化酵素をも う 1種発見した < この燐酸化酵素のコー ド領域全長の c D N Aは、 GenBankリ リ ース, 100, Apr i l, 1997年よ リ抽出された E S T断片 No. R 19772 [DAP k i n a s eと の相同性は 5 6 . 3 % (439 base) ] を元に参考例 1 で示す Hybrid iz at ion法を用いて取得された。 本発明者らは、 取得した c D N Aのコー ドする蛋白質を T r a d と命名 した。 T r a dのア ミ ノ酸配列、 それをコー ドす る D N A配列、 及び T r a dに相補的な c D N Aの配列を、 それぞれデータベース (GenBankリ リ ース, 100, Apri l, 1997 年)で検索したと ころ、 いずれも新規な配列であった。 Along with DRAK 1 and DRAK 2 described above, the present inventors have discovered another type of phosphatase having homology to DAP kinase. The cDNA for the entire coding region of this phosphatase is a GenBank library. EST fragment No. R 19772 [homology with DAP kinase is 56.3% (439 base)] extracted from 1997, Hybrid iz at shown in Reference Example 1. Obtained using the ion method. The present inventors have designated the obtained protein encoded by cDNA as Trad. Search for the amino acid sequence of Trad, the DNA sequence encoding it, and the sequence of cDNA complementary to Trad in the database (GenBank Release, 100, April, 1997), respectively. All of them were new sequences.
新規な蛋白質である T r a dは、 一本鎖のポ リ ペプチ ド鎖 中に D b l 相同 (D H) 領域、 プレタ ス ト リ ン様領域、 及び 燐酸化酵素領域を有してぉ リ 、 図 1 0に示すよ う に T R I O と類似の領域構造を持ち、 参考例 5 に示すよ う に自 己燐酸化 活性を有する燐酸化酵素である。 T r a dは、 本発明の D R A K 1及び D R A K 2 とは異な リ 、 形質転換細胞におけるァ ポ トーシス誘導活性を示さない燐酸化酵素である。 しかし、 T r a dは、 アポ トーシスが誘導された結果と して活性化さ れ、 T r a dが活性化された結果と して、 アポ トーシス惹起 細胞に認められる細胞質の凝集が、 細胞膜骨格蛋白質の作用 によって起る と推定される。  Trad, a novel protein, has a Dbl homology (DH) region, a prestrin-like region, and a phosphorylase region in a single polypeptide chain. It is a phosphatase having a domain structure similar to TRIO as shown in FIG. 0 and having autophosphorylation activity as shown in Reference Example 5. Trad is a phosphorylase that is different from DRAKI and DRAK2 of the present invention and does not show apoptosis-inducing activity in transformed cells. However, T rad is activated as a result of induction of apoptosis, and as a result of activation of T rad, cytoplasmic aggregation observed in apoptosis-inducing cells is caused by the action of plasma membrane skeletal proteins. It is estimated to be caused by
本発明者らは、 T r a dが D H領域を持つこ とから、 T r a d の生理機能を R h oサブフ ァ ミ リ ーに求めた。 即ち、 低 分子量 G T P結合蛋白質群 ( G蛋白質)と して、 R a s , R a b , R h o , R a nなどがよ く 知られてレヽる [Barbac id, M. , Annu. Rev. Biochem. , 56: 779 ( 1987 ); Sa lminen, A. ら, Ce l 1, 49 : 527 ( 1987 ) ; Bi schof f , F.R. ら, Nature, 354: 80 (199 1)]。 G蛋白質には G T P と結合する活性化型と G D P と結 合する不活性化型が存在し、 G蛋白質の活性化には guanine nuc leot ide exchange f actors G F s ) 力 s feわってレヽる。 0 £ 3 の代表例が 0 13 1 [ 13 ,^1. ら, Nature, 4: 311 (1991) ]であるが、 特に R h o サブフア ミ リ ーに対して G E F s活 性を示す蛋白質には、 D b 1 相同 (D H ) 領域を持つ物が多 い [Qui l l iam, L.A. ら, BioEssays, 17 :395 (1995)]。 R h oサブフ ァ ミ リーに属する蛋白質の細胞レベルでの機能と し ては、 ( 1 ) 細胞骨格の再構築、 ( 2 ) 細胞接着、 ( 3 ) 細 胞形態、 ( 4 ) 細胞運動、 ( 5 ) 細胞質分裂、 ( 6 ) 平滑筋 収縮、 ( 7 ) 細胞浸潤、 ( 8 ) 遺伝子発現などへの関与が知 られている [深田ら、 実験医学, 15 : 1152 1997年(Japan)]。 近年、 R h o の情報伝達に関わる分子と して、 R h o結合 活性を持つ Rho - a s s 0 c i a t e d kinase (Rho - k inase) LMa t s u i , T . ら, EMBO J .15: 2208 ( 1996)], Protein kinase N (PKN) [ uka i , H.ら, Biochem.Biophys. Res . Commun.199 : 897 (1994)], R h oサブフア ミ リ ーに属する C d c 4 2 と結合する Myotonic d y s t r o p h y k inas e-re l ated Cdc42~b inding kinases ( ACKs ) [Leung, T. ら, Mo 1. C e 11. B i o 1., 18: 130 ( 1998) ],また D H領 域を持つ T r i o [Debant, A. ら, Proc.Nat 1. Ac a d . S c i . US A, 93 : 5466 ( 1996 )]など、 R h o サブファ ミ リ 一群の活性に関 与し、 燐酸化酵素領域を持つ分子が報告されている。 こ の様 な分子の燐酸化酵素領域の特徴と して、 Rho-kinase, MACKs らは、 筋ジス ト ロ フ ィーに関わる Myotonic dyst rophy k inas e ( D M K) [Von d e r Ven, P. F. ら, H漏 1. Geneし 2: 1889 ( 1993 ) ]と の高い相同性を示し、 また Tr ioは、 アポ トーシス の誘導活 を有する DAP k inase [D e i s s, L . P . ら, G e n e s Dev. , 9: 15 ( 1995 )]や Zip kinase [Kawa i ,T. ら, Moに C e 11. B i oし, 18: 1642 ( 1998)]との高い相同性が知 られている。 The present inventors have found that since T rad has a DH region, Tr The physiological function of ad was obtained from the Rho subfamily. That is, Ras, Rab, Rho, Ran, and the like are well known as low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) [Barbacid, M., Annu. Rev. Biochem. 56: 779 (1987); Salminen, A. et al., Cell 1, 49: 527 (1987); Bischof f, FR et al., Nature, 354: 80 (1991)]. The G proteins exist inactivating the activated and GDP and binding that binds GTP, guanine nuc leot to activation of G protein ide exchange f actors GF s) force s fe Watte Rereru. A typical example of 0 £ 3 is 0 13 1 [13, ^ 1. Et al., Nature, 4: 311 (1991)], but proteins that show GEF s activity against the Rho subfamily include proteins. Many have a Db1 homology (DH) region [Quilliam, LA et al., BioEssays, 17: 395 (1995)]. The functions of proteins belonging to the Rho subfamily at the cellular level include (1) cytoskeletal remodeling, (2) cell adhesion, (3) cell morphology, (4) cell motility, and (5) ) It is known to be involved in cytokinesis, (6) smooth muscle contraction, (7) cell invasion, and (8) gene expression [Fukada et al., Experimental Medicine, 15: 1152 1997 (Japan)]. Recently, Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase) LMa-tsui, T. et al., EMBO J. 15: 2208 (1996), which has Rho-binding activity, is a molecule involved in Rho signaling. Protein kinase N (PKN) [ukai, H. et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 199: 897 (1994)], Myotonic dystrophykinas e- re lated Cdc42 ~ b inding kinases (ACKs) [Leung, T. et al., Mo 1. Ce 11. Bio 1., 18: 130 (1998)], and Trio having a DH region [Debant, A. et al., Proc. Nat 1. Acad. Sci. USA, 93: 5466 (1996)], and a molecule having a phosphorylase region has been reported which is involved in the activity of a group of Rho subfamilies. Rho-kinase, MACKs, and others characterize the phosphorylase region of such molecules as Myotonic dystrophy kinase (DMK) [Vonder Ven, PF, and others, involved in muscular dystrophy. H leak 1. Gene 2: 1889 (1993)], and Trio is a DAP kinase that has apoptosis-inducing activity [Deiss, LP et al., Genes Dev. , 9:15 (1995)] and Zip kinase [Kawai, T. et al., Mo. Ce 11. Bio, 18: 1642 (1998)].
筋ジス ト ロ フィ一などの骨格筋の機能に関わる疾患につい ては、 G蛋白質、 主に D M Kの情報伝達系や細胞機能への関 与についての知見が増加している。 しかし、 G蛋白質と関連 して活性化される細胞内情報伝達系を担う酵素群と種々の疾 患との対応が解明された訳ではない。 各分子の組織局在に着 目する と、 Rho- kinaseは大脳、 小脳、 肺臓に局在し、 P K N , MA C K s , T r i o は骨格筋を含む広い臓器に局在を示す, 上記の分子はいずれも骨格筋に選択的な局在を示すわけでは ない。 骨格筋に選択的に局在する R h o サブファ ミ リ ーに関 与する遺伝子の提供が可能になれば、 その遺伝子の発現レべ ルやその構造及び機能解析或はその発現物に関する解析等に ょ リ 、 骨格筋部位に生じる疾患の病態解明やその診断と治療 方法の確立が可能になる と考えられる。 T r a d は、 骨格筋 のみに局在を示し、 更に細胞内骨格蛋白 と 同一局在を示すこ とから、 T r a dが骨格筋機能を制御する医薬品のスク リ ー ユングに役立つと考えられる。 Regarding diseases related to the function of skeletal muscle such as muscular dystrophy, knowledge on the involvement of G proteins, mainly DMK, in the signal transduction system and cell functions is increasing. However, the correspondence between various enzymes and the group of enzymes responsible for the intracellular signal transduction system activated in connection with G proteins has not been elucidated. Focusing on the tissue localization of each molecule, Rho-kinase is localized in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and lungs, and PKN, MACS, and Trio are localized in a wide range of organs including skeletal muscle. Do not show selective localization in skeletal muscle. If it becomes possible to provide a gene associated with the Rho subfamily that is selectively localized in skeletal muscle, it will be possible to analyze the expression level of the gene, its structure and function, or analysis of its expression. Elucidation of the pathology of diseases that occur in the skeletal muscle region and its diagnosis and treatment It will be possible to establish a method. Since T rad shows localization only in skeletal muscle, and also shows the same localization as intracellular skeletal protein, it is considered that T rad is useful for screening drugs that control skeletal muscle function.
T r a d のア ミ ノ 酸配列を配列番号 2 9 に記載したが、 T r a d はこのア ミ ノ酸配列に限定される ものではない。 従つ て、 T r a d には、 「 1若しく は数個のア ミ ノ酸が欠失、 置 換若し く は付加されたアミ ノ酸配列」 も含まれる。 この様な 配列は、 自然界において見出される対立遺伝子変異や自然突 然変異、 更には、 人為的な突然変異や遺伝子組換え技術を用 いて得られる変異体のア ミ ノ酸配列を意味する。 この様なァ ミ ノ酸の改変や置換に関しては、 例えば Bennett らの特許出 願 (国際公開公報 W0 9 6 / 2 6 4 5 ) などを参照する こ とができる。  The amino acid sequence of T rad is described in SEQ ID NO: 29, but T ra d is not limited to this amino acid sequence. Therefore, Trad also includes “an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids have been deleted, replaced or added”. Such a sequence refers to an allelic or spontaneous mutation found in nature, as well as an amino acid sequence of a mutant obtained by using an artificial mutation or a genetic recombination technique. For such modification or substitution of amino acid, reference can be made to, for example, a patent application (International Publication WO96 / 26445) by Bennett et al.
T r a d と して包含されるア ミ ノ酸配列は、 全て T r a d の有する燐酸化活性を有するポリ ペプチ ドであ り 、 たと え 1 つのア ミ ノ酸残基の改変であっても、 その活性を損失させる よ う な変化を含むア ミ ノ酸配列は含まれない。  The amino acid sequence included as T rad is a polypeptide having phosphorylation activity possessed by T rad, and even if one amino acid residue is modified even if it is a modification of one amino acid residue. Amino acid sequences containing changes that result in loss of activity are not included.
更に配列番号 2 9 に記載した T r a dの全長ア ミ ノ酸配列 ょ リ得られる少なく と も 6 個のア ミ ノ酸からなるペプチ ドも 有用である。  Further, a peptide comprising at least 6 amino acids obtained from the full-length amino acid sequence of Trad described in SEQ ID NO: 29 is also useful.
T r a d の全長蛋白質及びその部分ペプチ ドは、 診断又は 治療を 目的と した酵素活性の測定系の作製や、 抗体の作製、 更に該酵素活性を調節 し う る新たな調節蛋白の解明の有用で ある。 例えば、 配列番号 2 9の 9 8 7番目から 1 2 4 1番目 のアミ ノ酸からなる配列は、 図 1 0に示したよ う に、 燐酸化 酵素に特有の配列である。 この配列からなるペプチ ドは、 酵 素活性の測定系を作製する際に有用である。 また、 配列番号 2 9の 2 3 6番目 力 sら 4 0 6番目 のア ミ ノ酸からなる配列は D b 1 様蛋白に特有の配列でぁ リ 、 R h oサブファ ミ リ ーの 機能を調べるのに有用である。 更に、 配列番号 2 9の 4 3 4 番目から 5 3 7番目 のア ミ ノ酸からなる配列は、 プレタス ト リ ン様蛋白に特有の配列である。 この配列は蛋白質の結合に 関わっているこ とが知られてぉ リ [Musacchio, Aら, TrendsTrad full-length protein and its partial peptides can be used for the preparation of a system for measuring enzyme activity for the purpose of diagnosis or therapy, the production of antibodies, Furthermore, it is useful for elucidation of a novel regulatory protein that regulates the enzyme activity. For example, the sequence consisting of the amino acids 987 to 1241 of SEQ ID NO: 29 is a sequence specific to a phosphatase, as shown in FIG. A peptide having this sequence is useful for preparing a system for measuring enzyme activity. In addition, the sequence consisting of the amino acid at position 406 and the amino acid at position 406 in SEQ ID NO: 29 is a sequence unique to Db1-like protein, and the function of the Rho subfamily is examined. Useful for Furthermore, the sequence consisting of amino acids at positions 4334 to 5337 of SEQ ID NO: 29 is a sequence specific to a préstatin-like protein. This sequence is known to be involved in protein binding [Musacchio, A et al., Trends
Biochem.Sc i. , 18: 343 ( 1993)]、 T r a dの情報伝達等に 関わる因子の探索に有用である。 また、 配列番号 2 9 の 1番 目力 ら 2 1番目 、 1 7 7番目力 ら 2 0 7番目 、 更に 1 2 6 0 番目カゝら 1 2 8 9番目で表されるペプチ ドは、 T r a dのェ ピ トープである と推定される領域でぁ リ 、 実施例 2 8で示し たよ う に抗体の作製に有用である。 Biochem. Sci., 18: 343 (1993)], and is useful for searching for factors involved in the transmission of Trad information. In addition, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 29 represented by the first force, the first force, the first force, the second force, the second position, the second position, and the second position, Trad As shown in Example 28, this is a region presumed to be an epitope, and is useful for producing an antibody.
更に本発明者らは、 T r a d をコー ドする D N Aの塩基配 列を配列表の配列番号 2 8 に記載した。 しかし T r a dをコ 一ドする D N Aはこれらの配列に限定される ものではなく 、 遺伝子コー ドの縮重等によ って得られる D N Aも T r a dの D NAに含まれる。 従って、 T r a dの D NAには、 ( 1 ) 配列番号 2 8の塩基配列力 らなる D N Aと ス ト リ ンジェン ト な条件でハイ ブ リ ダィズする D N A、 及び ( 2 ) 配列番号 2 8の塩基配列と 7 0 %以上の相同性を有する D NAも含まれ る。 Furthermore, the present inventors described the nucleotide sequence of the DNA encoding T rad in SEQ ID NO: 28 of the sequence listing. However, the DNA coding for Trad is not limited to these sequences, and DNA obtained by degeneracy of gene code and the like is also included in DNA for Trad. Therefore, the DNA of T rad includes (1) a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28 and a stringent And DNA having a homology of 70% or more with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28.
本発明でい う 「ス ト リ ンジェン トな条件でハイブリ ダィズ する D N A」 と は、 ハイブリ ダィゼーシヨ ン後の洗浄条件、 例えば、 温度や塩濃度を適当に変化させる こ とで、 非特異的 なハイ ブリ ダイゼーショ ンを減少させた条件で同定される、 高度に相補的な配列を意味する。 具体的には、 参考例 2で用 いた 2 X S S C, 0 . 1 % S D S , 6 5 °C等の、 ハイ ブリ ダ ィズするポリ ヌ ク レオチ ド間の特異性を保証する条件でハイ ブリ ダイズする D N Aである。  The term “DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions” used in the present invention refers to washing conditions after hybridization, for example, by appropriately changing the temperature and the salt concentration to obtain nonspecific high-molecular-weight DNA. A highly complementary sequence, identified under conditions of reduced hybridization. Specifically, hybridization was performed under conditions such as 2XSSC, 0.1% SDS, and 65 ° C used in Reference Example 2 that ensure the specificity of the hybridizing polynucleotides. DNA that
更に、 T r a dの D N Aの塩基配列よ リ選ばれる少なく と も 1 2個の塩基からなる D N Aあるいはその誘導体も非常に 有用である。 この様な D N Aと しては、 例えば、 配列番号 2 8の塩基配列から選ばれる少なく と も 1 2個以上、 好ま しく は 1 6個以上、 さ らに好ま しく は 1 8個以上の塩基からなる D N Aが挙げられる。 又、 配列番号 2 8の塩基配列の相補鎖 である配列番号 3 0の塩基配列から選ばれる少なく と も 1 2 個以上、 好ま し く は 1 6個以上、 さ らに好ま しく は 1 8個以 上の塩基からなる D NAも非常に有用である。 この様な D N Aを用いれば、 T r a dの c D N Aク ローン、 c D N A, ゲ ノム D NA, ゲノ ム遺伝子ク ローンなどの検出が可能である 必要な D N Aの長さはその配列の特異性、 検出 しよ う と して いる D N Aとの結合の安定性等にによって異なるが、 D NA ¾:用レヽた polymerase chain reaction ( P C R) によって 目 的の D NAを検出する場合には、 T m ( 2本鎖解離温度) が 4 5 °C以上である D N A断片を用いる こ と が望ま しい。 P C Rのよ う に D N Aと D N Aが結合する場合には、 一つの G C 結合を 4 °Cと し、 一つの A T結合を 2 °Cと して合算し、 Tm を推定する こ と ができ る。 従って、 G Cコ ンテン トが高い場 合には 1 2塩基の D N A、 G Cコ ンテン トカ S 5 0 %ぐらいの 一般的な領域の場合には 1 6塩基の D N Aが必要となる。 よ リ D N Aと の結合が安定な核酸誘導体を用いる場合には、 さ らに短い核酸を用いても 目的 D N Aの検出が可能である。 D NAの誘導体と しては、 上記した D N Aが例えばメチル化、 メチルフォスフェー ト化、 脱ア ミ ノィ匕、 またはチォフ ォスフ ヱー ト化された誘導体である。 Further, a DNA consisting of at least 12 bases or a derivative thereof selected from the base sequence of the Trad DNA is also very useful. Such DNAs include, for example, at least 12 or more, preferably 16 or more, and more preferably 18 or more bases selected from the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28. DNA. In addition, at least 12 or more, preferably 16 or more, and more preferably 18 or more selected from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30 which is a complementary strand of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28 DNA consisting of the above bases is also very useful. Using such DNA, it is possible to detect Trad cDNA clones, cDNA, genomic DNA, genomic gene clones, etc. The required DNA length depends on the specificity of the sequence and the detection. Trying to do Depending on the stability of binding to DNA, etc., DNA: When target DNA is detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the T m (double-stranded dissociation temperature) It is desirable to use a DNA fragment with a temperature of 45 ° C or higher. When DNA and DNA bind as in PCR, the Tm can be estimated by summing one GC bond at 4 ° C and one AT bond at 2 ° C. Therefore, when the GC content is high, 12 bases of DNA are required, and when the GC content is about 50% in a general region, about 16 bases of DNA are required. In the case where a nucleic acid derivative having a stable binding to DNA is used, the target DNA can be detected even with a shorter nucleic acid. As the derivative of DNA, the above-mentioned DNA is, for example, a derivative obtained by methylation, methylphosphate formation, deamination, or thiophosphate formation.
この様な D N A又はその誘導体を用いた遺伝子診断の方法 と して、 ハイブリ ダィゼーシヨ ン、 P C R等の手法が挙げら れる。 また、 同様な方法で、 マウス等の他の生物の有する本 発明の遺伝子のホモ ロ グの検出や遺伝子ク ローニングも可能 である。 更に、 ヒ ト を含めたゲノ ム上の遺伝子のク ローニン グも同様に可能でぁ リ 、 ク ローニングした遺伝子を利用 し、 例えば、 ト ラ ンスジエニッ クマウス、 ジーンタ一ゲッティ ン グマウス、 また、 本発明の遺伝子と 関連する遺伝子を共に不 活化したダブルノ ッ クァゥ トマウスなどの近年の遺伝子操作 技術を使用すれば、 本発明の燐酸化酵素の更に詳細な機能を 解明する こ と も出来る。 例えば、 配列番号 2 8 の 3 0 7 6番 目力 ら 3 8 4 0番目 の塩基からなる D N A、 又は D b 1領域 である配列番号 2 8 の 8 2 3番目 から 1 3 3 5番目の塩基か らなる D N Aを用いて、 T r a dに固有の酵素活性をマウス 等で増強または欠失させる こ と によって、 T r a dの更に詳 細な機能の解析する こ とが可能である。 また、 細胞内での蛋 白質一蛋白質総合作用を応用 して遺伝子解析を行う ツーハイ ブリ ツ ド評価法 [Hsu, H.ら, P roc . Nat l. Acad. Sc i . USA.:Examples of a method for genetic diagnosis using such DNA or its derivative include techniques such as hybridization and PCR. In a similar manner, it is also possible to detect a homolog of the gene of the present invention in another organism such as a mouse or to perform gene cloning. Furthermore, the cloning of genes on the genome including humans is also possible, and the cloned genes can be used, for example, transgenic mice, gene-getting mice, and the present invention. Recent genetic manipulations such as double knockout mice in which both genes and related genes are inactivated Using the technique, the more detailed function of the phosphorylase of the present invention can be elucidated. For example, is the DNA consisting of the 3840th base from the 3706th base of SEQ ID NO: 28 or the 23rd base to the 33rd base of the Db1 region of SEQ ID NO: 28 By using such DNA to enhance or delete the enzyme activity specific to Trad in a mouse or the like, it is possible to analyze the function of Trad in more detail. In addition, a two-hybrid evaluation method for performing gene analysis utilizing the integrated action of protein and protein in cells [Hsu, H. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. ScI. USA.
91:3181 ( 1994 ) ] を用いれば、 情報伝達分子群の解析が可 能である。 又、 配列番号 2 8の 1 4 1 7番目 から 1 7 2 8番 目の塩基からなる配列は、 プレタ ス ト リ ン様蛋白に特有の配 列であ り 、 こ の配列は、 T r a d に固有の情報伝達分子群の 解析に有用である。 また、 本参考例の遺伝子のゲノ ム上の異 常があれば、 遺伝子診断、 遺伝子治療への応用も可能である , 又、 T r a dの c D N Aの相補鎖である配列番号 3 0の塩 基配列の中の 1 2個以上、 好ま しく は 1 6個以上、 更に好ま しく は 1 8個以上の D N A、 及びその誘導体を用いれば、 T r a dの m R N Aの検出が可能である。 例えば、 診断を 目的 と してこれらの遺伝子の発現を調べる方法と して、 アンチセ ンス核酸、 例えば、 配列番号 3 0の塩基配列の断片である D N Aやその誘導体、 又は D N Aの配列に基づいて設計された ア ンチセンス R N Aを用いて、 ハイ ブ リ ダィ ゼーシ ヨ ン、 プ ライ マーエク ステンシ ョ ン、 ヌ ク レアーゼ . プロテク シ ョ ン アツセィ等の手法を行う こ とができ る。 また、 T r a d の更 に詳細な機能を明 らかにする こ と を 目的と して、 細胞や生体 へのア ンチセンス核酸の投与も考えられる。 T r a d の過剰 な反応が病態と なっている疾患については、 上記のアンチセ ンス核酸を用いて遺伝子の発現を抑え、 治療を行う こ と も可 能である。 また、 アンチセンス核酸を適当なベク ターに組み 込み、 そのベク ターを治療の為に用いる こ と も可能である。 これらアンチセ ンス核酸の作成例 · 使用例については Murray: J . A.H. 編、 ANTISENSE RNA AND DNA, Wi ley-Liss, Inc. , 19 92年を参照する こ とができ る。 91: 3181 (1994)], it is possible to analyze a group of signaling molecules. In addition, the sequence consisting of the 1417th to 1728th bases of SEQ ID NO: 28 is a sequence specific to the prestrin-like protein, and this sequence is represented by This is useful for analyzing unique signaling molecules. In addition, if there is an abnormality in the genome of the gene of this reference example, it can be applied to gene diagnosis and gene therapy.The base of SEQ ID NO: 30 which is the complementary strand of the cDNA of Trad is also available. The use of 12 or more, preferably 16 or more, more preferably 18 or more DNAs in the sequence and its derivatives enables detection of Trad mRNA. For example, as a method for examining the expression of these genes for the purpose of diagnosis, antisense nucleic acids, for example, DNA or a derivative thereof, which is a fragment of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30, or a design based on the DNA sequence Was done Using antisense RNA, it is possible to carry out techniques such as hybridization, primer extension, nuclease protection and the like. In addition, administration of antisense nucleic acids to cells or living organisms may be considered for the purpose of clarifying more detailed functions of Trad. For diseases in which the excessive response of T rad is a pathological condition, it is possible to treat the disease by suppressing gene expression using the above-mentioned antisense nucleic acid. It is also possible to incorporate the antisense nucleic acid into a suitable vector and use that vector for therapy. For examples of the preparation and use of these antisense nucleic acids, reference can be made to Murray: J. AH, edited by ANTISENSE RNA AND DNA, Wiley-Liss, Inc., 1992.
ょ リ 具体的には、 配列表に記載した配列番号 3 0の 1 7 9 9番目 から 2 0 6 1 番目 の塩基からなる配列は、 参考例 1 で 行ったよ う に、 T r a d の検出に用レヽる こ とが可能でぁ リ 、 診断を 目的と した T r a d の検出に有効である。 また遺伝子 治療を 目的と したアンチセ ンス核酸の設計には、 例えば配列 番号 3 0の 5 2 3 6番目力 ^ら 5 2 3 8番目付近の 2 0 〜 4 0 塩基からなる塩基配列が有効である。  Specifically, as described in Reference Example 1, the sequence consisting of the 179th base to 209th base of SEQ ID NO: 30 described in the sequence listing is used for detection of Trad. It is possible to read it and it is effective for detecting T rad for diagnostic purposes. In addition, for the design of antisense nucleic acids for gene therapy, for example, a base sequence consisting of 20 to 40 bases in the vicinity of the 52nd and 36th positions of SEQ ID NO: 30 is effective. .
更に、 上記したいずれかの D N Aを含有する組換え体 D N Aを作成する こ と もでき る。  Furthermore, a recombinant DNA containing any of the above-mentioned DNAs can be prepared.
組換え体 D N Aの調製に用いられるベク タ一は特に限定さ れないが、 通常用いられるべク ターを利用する こ とができ る 具体的には、 大腸菌由来の P B R 3 2 2 , P U C 8, p U C 1 9 , P U C 1 8 , p U C 1 1 9 (いずれも 日本国、 宝酒造 社製) 、 枯草菌由来プラス ミ ド、 酵母由来プラス ミ ド等のプ ラス ミ ドベク ター、 え g t 1 0 , λ g t 1 1 (いずれも米国 Stratagene社製) などのバクテ リ オファージベク ター、 レ ト ロ ウイ ノレ スやワク シニアゥイ ノレスなどの動物ウイノレス等が挙 げられるが、 その他のものであっても宿主内で増殖でき る も のであればよい。 本発明の組換え体 D N Aの具体的な例と し ては、 ベク ター p E F B O S LMi z ush ima, S, ら, Nuc leic Ac ids Res. , 18: 5322 ( 1990) ] に T r a d の遺伝子を挿入して 得たプラス ミ ド pEFBOS- FLAG- hTrad (参考例 4 を参照) が挙 げられる。 The vector used for preparing the recombinant DNA is not particularly limited, but a commonly used vector can be used. Specifically, PBR32, PUC8, pUC19, PUC18, and pUC119 derived from Escherichia coli (all manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd. in Japan), Bacillus subtilis-derived plasmid, and yeast-derived Plasmid and other positive vector vectors, and bacteriophage vectors such as gt10 and λgt11 (both manufactured by Stratagene, USA); However, any other substances can be used as long as they can be propagated in the host. As a specific example of the recombinant DNA of the present invention, a vector of T rad is described in the vector p EFBOS LMisushima, S, et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 18: 5322 (1990)]. The plasmid pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad (see Reference Example 4) obtained by insertion is listed.
また、 組換え体 D N Aは公知の宿主に導入する こ とが好ま しい。 即ち、 組換え体 D N Aで形質転換された微生物又は細 胞である。  It is preferable that the recombinant DNA is introduced into a known host. That is, it is a microorganism or cell transformed with the recombinant DNA.
組換え体 D N Aを導入する宿主は特に限定されないが、 組 換え体 D N Aを発現可能な微生物又は細胞である。 具体的に は、 ェシエ リ ヒ ア (Escher ichia) 属菌 (大腸菌) 、 バチル ス (Bac i l lus) 属菌 (枯草菌) などの原核細胞に、 カルシゥ ムク 口 ライ ド法等を用いて組換えべク ターを導入する こ とが できる。 上記ェシェ リ ヒ ア属菌の例と しては、 ェシェ リ ヒア コ リ K 1 2 、 Η Β 101 , M C 1 0 6 1 , L E 3 9 2 , J M 1 0 9 、 I N V a F ' が挙げられる。 上記バチルス属菌 の例と してはバチルス サチ リ ス M l 1 1 4 が挙げられる。 また、 ファージベク タ一は、 例えば増殖させた大腸菌にイ ン ビ ト ロパッケージング法 (Proc . Na t 1. Acad. Sc i . 74: 3259-32 63, 1977 ) を用いて導入する こ と ができ る。 また、 動物細胞. 昆虫細胞などの真核細胞も宿主と して用いる こ とができ る。 The host into which the recombinant DNA is introduced is not particularly limited, but is a microorganism or a cell capable of expressing the recombinant DNA. Specifically, prokaryotic cells such as Escherichia sp. (Escherichia coli) and Bacillus sp. Vectors can be introduced. Examples of the aforementioned Escherichia bacteria include Escherichia coli K12, Β101, MC1061, LE392, JM109, and INVaF '. . Bacillus spp. An example of this is Bacillus subtilis Ml114. The phage vector can be introduced, for example, into the grown E. coli using the in vitro packaging method (Proc. Nat 1. Acad. Sc. 74: 3259-3263, 1977). it can. Eukaryotic cells such as animal cells and insect cells can also be used as hosts.
T r a d の全ア ミ ノ酸配列をコー ドする c D N Aを含むプ ラス ミ ド pEFBOS- FLAG- hTr adを大腸菌 D H 5 a に遺伝子導入 した形質転換細胞 E. co 1 i : DH5 ひ 一 pEFBOS— FLAG— hTr adは、 日本 国通商産業省工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所 (于 3 0 5 一 0 0 4 6 、 日本国茨城県つく ば市東 1 丁目 1 番 3号に平成 9年 1 2月 2 2 日) に平成 1 0年 3 月 1 9 日 に受託番号 : F E R M B P — 6 3 0 1 と して国際寄託されてレヽる。  Transformed cells obtained by transfecting Escherichia coli DH5a with a plasmid pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad containing cDNA encoding the entire amino acid sequence of T rad E.co1i: DH5 Hiichi pEFBOS— FLAG—hTrad was established in the Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology at the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan (U.S.A. 3105-1006, 1-3-1-3 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan). The deposit number was FERMBP — 6301 on March 19, 1990 on March 22nd, 1999, and was received.
T r a d の遺伝子を保持する形質転換体を用いれば、 T r a d を容易に製造する こ と が可能である。 形質転換体による T r a d の発現系については、 Kr i e g l e r , Gene Trans f e r an d Exp r es s i on - A La o r at o r y Manua l , St oc kt on P r es s, (199 0) ; 及び横田 ら、 バイオマニュ アルシ リ ーズ 4 , 遺伝子導入 と発現 · 解析法、 羊土社、 1996年(J apan)等を参考に構築す るこ とができ る。  If a transformant carrying the Trad gene is used, Trad can be easily produced. For the expression system of T rad by the transformant, see Kriegler, Gene Transfer nd Expres sion-A La or at ory Manual, Stockt on Pres s, (1990); and Yokota It can be constructed with reference to Biomanual Series 4, Gene transfer and expression / analysis methods, Yodosha, 1996 (Japan).
T r a d を製造する際に使用する組換え体 D N Aは、 べク ターに挿入された T r a d をコー ドする D N Aの 5 ' 末端に 翻訳開始コ ドン、 その 3 ' 末端に翻訳終止コ ドンを有してい てもよい。 翻訳開始コ ドンや翻訳終止コ ドンは適当な合成核 酸アダプターを用いて付加する こ と もでき る。 更に、 目的と する D NAを発現させるために、 D N Aの上流にプロモータ 一を接続する こ とが好ま しい。 The recombinant DNA used to produce T rad has a translation initiation codon at the 5 'end of the T rad coding DNA inserted in the vector and a translation stop codon at its 3' end. It may be. The translation start codon and translation stop codon should be It can also be added using an acid adapter. Further, it is preferable to connect a promoter upstream of the DNA in order to express the desired DNA.
本発明に用いられるプロ モーターは、 遺伝子発現に用いる 宿主に対応したプロ モーターであれば特に限定されない。 宿 主がェシエ リ ヒ ア属菌である場合は、 t a c プロモーター、 t r p プロモータ一、 1 a c プロモーターなどが好ま しく 、 宿主がバチルス属菌である場合には S P O 1 プロモーター、 S P O 2プロモーターなどが好ま しい。 宿主が原核細胞であ る場合には、 導入する組換え体 D N Aはプロモーターと と も に リ ボソーム結合部位を有する こ とが好ま しい。 又、 宿主が 酵母である場合には P G Kプロモーター、 G A Pプロモータ 一、 A D Hプロモーターなどが好ま しく 、 宿主が動物細胞で ある場合には、 S V 4 0 由来のプロモーター、 レ ト ロ ウイノレ スのプ ロ モー タ ー、 メ タノレチォネイ ンプロモーター、 ヒー ト ショ ックプロモーターなどが利用でき る。  The promoter used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a promoter corresponding to a host used for gene expression. If the host is a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, a tac promoter, a trp promoter, a 1 ac promoter are preferred, and if the host is a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, an SPO1 promoter, an SPO2 promoter, etc. are preferred. . When the host is a prokaryotic cell, the recombinant DNA to be introduced preferably has a ribosome binding site together with a promoter. When the host is yeast, PGK promoter, GAP promoter, ADH promoter and the like are preferable. When the host is animal cells, SV40-derived promoter and retrovirus promoter are preferable. And promoters such as metal, methanolic promoter, and heat shock promoter.
T r a dを製造する際に用いる D NAと しては、 配列番号 2 9のア ミ ノ酸配列をコー ドする D N Aであれば特に限定さ れない。 具体的には、 配列番号 2 8 の D N Aを用いる こ とが できる。 又、 特別の機能を付加した蛋白質を生産するために T r a dをコー ドする D N Aに公知の塩基配列を結合するこ と もでき る。 例えば、 産生された蛋白質の検出を容易にする ために、 抗原ェピ トープをコ一ドする核酸を付加する こ とが でき る。 このよ う な技術の一例について、 Choe, H. ら、 Celし 85, 1135- 1148 , 1996を参照する こ とができ る。 There is no particular limitation on the DNA used for the production of Trad, as long as it encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29. Specifically, the DNA of SEQ ID NO: 28 can be used. In addition, a known nucleotide sequence can be bound to the DNA encoding Trad in order to produce a protein having a special function. For example, it may be necessary to add nucleic acids encoding antigen epitopes to facilitate detection of the produced protein. it can. For an example of such a technique, reference can be made to Choe, H. et al., Cel. 85, 1135-1148, 1996.
T r a d を製造するための形質転換体は、 上記のよ う にし て構築された組換え体 D N Aを、 D N Aを発現可能な宿主細 胞に導入して得られる。 宿主と して用いられる細胞は、 上記 したェ シエ リ ヒ ア属菌、 バチルス属菌、 酵母、 動物細胞など を用いる こ とができ る。 ょ リ具体的には、 動物細胞が好ま し く 、 サル細胞である C O S — 7 , V e r o 細胞、 チヤィニー ズハムスター細胞 C H〇, カイ コ細胞 S F 9 な どが挙げられ る。  A transformant for producing Trad is obtained by introducing the recombinant DNA constructed as described above into a host cell capable of expressing DNA. As the cells used as the host, the above-mentioned Escherichia genus, Bacillus genus, yeast, animal cells and the like can be used. Specifically, animal cells are preferred, and examples include monkey cells such as COS—7, Vero cells, Chinese hamster cells CH コ, and silkworm cells SF9.
参考例 4 で行ったよ う に、 組換え体 D N Aを C O S — 7細 胞に遺伝子導入して形質転換体を製造する こ とができ る。 形 質転換体を培養する こ と によって、 T r a d を製造するこ と ができ る。 培養 した形質転換体によ る T r a d の製造は、 参 考例 4 で用いた We s t e r n b 1 o t t i n g法によって確認する こ とが でき る。  As described in Reference Example 4, a transformant can be produced by introducing the recombinant DNA into COS-7 cells. By culturing the transformant, Trad can be produced. The production of Trad by the cultured transformant can be confirmed by the Westernb1ottint method used in Reference Example 4.
T r a dは、 H e L a 細胞においてアポ トーシスを誘導す るこ と が知られている DAP k i n a s eの遺伝子情報を元に取得さ れた燐酸化酵素でぁ リ 、 図 1 0 に示したよ う に T r a d の燐 酸ィ匕酵素領域は、 Tr io, DAP kinase, Zip kinase, CaM kina se II, MLCKの燐酸化酵素領域とそれぞれ 5 8, 4 1 , 4 1 , 3 0 , 3 7 %の相同性を有する。 そ して、 T r a dが燐酸化 活性を有するこ と は参考例 5 の実験によって確認された。 具 体的には、 野生型 T r a d (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTr ad) , 燐酸化酵 素活性欠失型 T r a dである TradK1016A (pEFBOS- FLAG-h Tr adK1016A)、 及び対照と しての Ve c t o r ( p EFBOSmo c k)をそれぞ れ C O S 7細胞に リ ポフ エク ショ ン法を用いて一過的に導入 した。 遺伝子導入から 3 6 時間後に FLAG タ グを用いて免疫 沈降物を調製し、 自 己燐酸化活性を評価した。 その結果、 参 考例 5 に示すよ う に、 野生型 T r a d のみが 自 己燐酸化活性 を有するこ とが明 らかとなった。 Trad is a phosphorylase obtained from the genetic information of DAP kinase, which is known to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells, as shown in Fig. 10. The phosphorylation enzyme region of T rad has 58, 41, 41, 31 and 30% homology with the phosphorylation enzyme regions of Trio, DAP kinase, Zip kinase, CaM kinase II and MLCK, respectively. Has the property. The experiment in Reference Example 5 confirmed that Trad had phosphorylation activity. Ingredient Specifically, wild-type Trad (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad), TradK1016A (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTradK1016A), which is a phosphatase-deficient Trad, and Vector as a control (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTradK1016A). p EFBOSmock) was transiently transfected into COS 7 cells using the Lipoff extraction method. 36 hours after gene transfer, immunoprecipitates were prepared using a FLAG tag, and the autophosphorylation activity was evaluated. As a result, as shown in Reference Example 5, it was revealed that only wild-type Trad had autophosphorylation activity.
又、 図 1 1 に示すよ う に T r a d の D H領域は、 T r i o Ka 1 i r in [Ra sh i du 1, M. A. ら, J . B i o 1. Ch em. , 272: 12667 ( 199 7)]及び0 1) 1 のそれぞれの 011領域と 6 7, 3 8 , 4 2 % の相同性を有する。 特に R h o サブフ ア ミ リ ーに対する G E F s 活性を示す蛋白質には、 D b 1 相同 (D H) 領域を持つ 物が多いこ と、 また R h o サブファ ミ リ ーの機能と して、 細 胞骨格蛋白質の調節を行っている こ とから、 T r a d と細胞 骨格蛋白質の細胞内局在について調べた。 その結果、 参考例 6 に示すよ う に、 T r a d は、 細胞内骨格蛋白 と 同一局在を 示し、 T r a d が R h o サブフア ミ リ ーの情報伝達に関わつ ている こ と を示唆した。 更に参考例 2 に示すよ う に、 T r a dは、 骨格筋に選択的な組織局在性を示す蛋白質である。 以 上のこ とから、 T r a dの 自 己に対する燐酸化活性を指標に 骨格筋の機能を調節する活性を有する物質のス ク リ ーニング が可能である と考え、 参考例 8 に示すよ う なス ク リ ーニング 方法を作成した。 Also, as shown in FIG. 11, the DH region of T rad is composed of T rio Ka 1 ir in [Ra shi du 1, MA et al., J. Bio 1. Chem., 272: 12667 (1997) ] And 0 1) have a homology of 67, 38, and 42% with the respective 011 regions. In particular, many proteins exhibiting GEFs activity against the Rho subfamily have a Db1 homology (DH) region. Because of the regulation of proteins, we examined the intracellular localization of T rad and cytoskeletal proteins. As a result, as shown in Reference Example 6, T rad showed the same localization as the intracellular skeletal protein, suggesting that T rad is involved in Rho subfamily signal transduction. Further, as shown in Reference Example 2, Trad is a protein showing selective tissue localization in skeletal muscle. Based on the above, it is considered that it is possible to screen a substance having an activity of regulating the function of skeletal muscle using the phosphorylation activity of Trad for itself as an index, and as shown in Reference Example 8. Screening Created a method.
更に T r a d と結合し う る抗体を調製する こ とが可能であ る。  Furthermore, it is possible to prepare an antibody that can bind to Trad.
T r a d を特異的に認識する抗体は、 参考例 7 に示したよ う にして作製する こ とができ る。 抗体を作製する際に用いる ペプチ ドの長さは特に限定されないが、 T r a d蛋白質を特 徴づけ られる長ざであればよ く 、 6 ア ミ ノ酸残基以上、 好ま しく は 8 ア ミ ノ酸残基以上のぺプチ ドを用いる こ とができ る。 このペプチ ドをそのまま、 又は K L H (keyhole-l impet hem o c y a n i n ) や B S A (bovine serum al umin とレヽつたキヤ リ ァ蛋白質と架橋した後に必要に応じてアジュバン ト と共に 動物へ接種せしめ、 その血清を回収する こ とで T r a d を認 識する抗体 (ポリ ク ローナル抗体) を含む抗血清が得られる。 また、 得られた抗血清よ リ 抗体を精製して使用するこ と も可 能である。 抗原を接種する動物と しては、 ヒ ッジ、 ゥシ、 ャ ギ、 ゥサギ、 マウス、 ラ ッ ト等.を用レヽるが、 ポ リ ク ロ ーナル 抗体の作製にはヒ ッジやゥサギが好ま しい。 また、 ハイプリ ドーマ細胞を作製する公知の方法によ リ モノ ク ローナル抗体 を作成する こ と も可能であ り 、 この場合はマウスが好ま しい。 また、 配列番号 2 9 に示したア ミ ノ酸配列の全長または、 ァ ミ ノ酸配列よ リ選ばれる 6 ァ ミ ノ 酸残基以上、 好ま しく は 8 ア ミ ノ酸残基以上のペプチ ドを G S T (ダルタチオン S 一 ト ラ ンスフェラ一ゼ)などと融合させ、 得られたペプチ ド を精製または未精製のまま抗原と して用いる こ と もでき る。 更に、 本発明の抗体は、 成書 (Ant ibod i es a l aboratory manua l , E.Har low e t a 1. , Co l d Spr ing Har or Laboratory) に示された各種の方法及び遺伝子ク ローニング法などによ リ 分離されたィ ム ノ グロプリ ン遺伝子を用いて、 細胞に発現さ せた遺伝子組換え体抗体と しても作製する こ とができ る。 こ のよ う な方法で作製された抗体は、 T r a d の精製に利用す る こ と もでき る。 An antibody that specifically recognizes T rad can be prepared as shown in Reference Example 7. The length of the peptide used for preparing the antibody is not particularly limited, but may be any length that is characteristic of the Trad protein, and may be at least 6 amino acid residues, preferably 8 amino acids. A peptide having an acid residue or more can be used. This peptide is used as is, or after cross-linking with KLH (keyhole-l-impet hemocyanin) or BSA (bovine serum alumin and a recognizable carrier protein), and then inoculated into an animal with an adjuvant, if necessary, and the serum is recovered. As a result, an antiserum containing an antibody (polyclonal antibody) that recognizes Trad can be obtained, and the antibody can be purified and used from the obtained antiserum. The animals to be inoculated with oocytes include sheep, rabbits, goats, rabbits, mice, rats, etc., but sheep and rabbits are used for the production of polyclonal antibodies. It is also possible to produce a monoclonal antibody by a known method for producing hybridoma cells, in which case a mouse is preferred, and the mouse shown in SEQ ID NO: 29 is preferable. The full length of the amino acid sequence or 6 § Mi acid residue or more selected Li by § Mi acid sequence, the preferred municipal district is 8 A Mi acid residue or more of the peptide GST (Darutachion S The resulting peptide can also be used as an antigen, purified or unpurified, by fusing it with the enzyme (transferase). Furthermore, the antibody of the present invention can be used for various methods and gene cloning methods shown in a compendium (Antiboeies al aboratory manua l, E. Harlow et al. 1, Cold Spring Har or Laboratory). Using the immunoglobulin gene thus isolated, it can also be produced as a recombinant antibody expressed in cells. Antibodies produced by such a method can also be used for purification of Trad.
発明を実施するための最良の形態 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
次に、 本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明するが、 本発明は これらの実施例及び参考例のみに限定される も のではない。 実施例 1  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to only these examples and reference examples. Example 1
(ヒ ト D R A K 1 遺伝子のク ロ ーニング)  (Cloning of human DRAK1 gene)
ヒ ト DAP k inase[Genes De v .9: 15- 30 ( 1995) ]の塩基配列を 用いて、 E S Tデータベース (GenBankリ リ ース)を 「DAP kin a s e」 でキー ワー ド検索したと こ ろ、 ヒ ト DAP k i n a s eの配列 と相同性の高いヒ ト 由来のク ローンが発見された。 得られた 5 6個の E S T断片情報から ZIP kinaseと相同性の高い E S T配列を除き、 残リ の E S T断片のグループ化を行った。 グ ループ化された数種類の E S T断片を増幅し以下のク ローニ ング操作に用いた。  Using the nucleotide sequence of human DAP kinase [Genes Dev. 9: 15-30 (1995)], a keyword search of the EST database (GenBank release) was performed using “DAP kinase”. A clone derived from human with high homology to the human DAP kinase sequence was found. From the information of the obtained 56 EST fragments, an EST sequence having high homology to ZIP kinase was removed, and the remaining EST fragments were grouped. Several types of EST fragments were amplified and used for the following cloning operations.
E S T A A 2 7 8 5 7 4 の塩基配列情報を基に配列番号 8及び 9 に記載の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドを作成し、 ヒ ト胎 盤の c D N Aライ ブラ リ ー(米国、 CL0NTECH社製)を材料に し て P C R (Polymerase chain react ion)を行い、 A A 2 7 8 5 7 4 の 4番目から 3 9 4番目 の塩基の間の配列を増幅した。 P C Rは T a q ポ リ メ ラ一ゼ (日本国、 TaKaRa社製) を用レヽ、 9 4 °C 3 0秒、 5 6 °C 3 0秒、 7 2 °C 1 分を 3 0サイ クル、 7 2 °C 1 0分を 1 サイ クル行った。 この P C R産物の一部を 1 . 0 %ァガロ ース ' ゲル中で電気泳動し、 ェチジゥムブ口 マイ ド (日本国、 日本ジーン社製) にて染色後、 紫外線照射 下で約 4 0 0 b p の c D N Aが増幅されている こ と を確認し た。 こ のバン ドをゲルから切 リ 出 し、 Wizard (米国、 Pr omega 社製)で精製後、 TA c loningキッ ト (米国、 Novagen社製)を用 レヽク ロ ーエング した。 Based on the base sequence information of ESTAA 2785574, the synthetic oligonucleotides described in SEQ ID NOS: 8 and 9 were prepared, and a human placenta cDNA library (CL0NTECH, USA) ) Was used as a material to perform PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) to amplify the sequence between the 4th to 394th bases of AA278754. PCR was performed using Taq polymerase (TaKaRa, Japan), 30 cycles of 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 56 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 1 minute. One cycle was performed at 72 ° C for 10 minutes. A portion of this PCR product is electrophoresed in a 1.0% agarose gel, stained with Etidzumbu Mide (manufactured by Nippon Gene, Japan), and irradiated with ultraviolet light. It was confirmed that cDNA of about 400 bp was amplified below. This band was cut out of the gel, purified using Wizard (Promega, USA), and then recloned using a TA cloning kit (Novagen, USA).
ベク ターと して pT7Blue (米国、 Novagen社製、 以下 Tiect o r と レ、 う)を用レ、、 ベク ター と 先の D N A と のモル比力 : 3 となる よ う に混合し、 Ligat ion ki t (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)を 用いてべク ターに D N Aを組み込んだ。 D N Aが組み込まれ たべク ター T-vec torを大腸菌 D H 5 a (日本国、 T0Y0B0社製) に遺伝子導入し、 ア ンピシ リ ン(米国、 Sigma社製) 5 0 ;u g Zm l と X— g a l ( 日本国、 ナカライ社製) 2 0 0 g m l 含む L — B r o t h (日本国、 TaKaRa社製) 半固型培地 のプレー トに蒔き、 1 2 時間程度 3 7 °Cに放置した。 現れて きた白いコ ロニーを無作為選択し、 同濃度のアンピシリ ンを 含む L一 B r o t h液体培地 2 m 1 に植え付け、 8 時間程度 3 7 °Cで振と う培養した。 その後、 菌体を回収し、 ウイザ一 ドミ ニプレ ッ プ(米国、 Pr omega社製)を用いて添付の説明書 に従ってプラス ミ ドを分離し、 こ のプラス ミ ドを制限酵素 E c o R I (日本国、 TOYOB0社製) と制限酵素 S a 1 I (日本国、 T0Y0B0社製)にて消化した。 約 4 0 0 b p の D N Aが切リ 出 されて く る こ とで上記の P C R産物がベク ターに組み込まれ ている こ と を確認した。 P C R産物の保持が確認されたク 口 ーンについて、 組み込まれている c D N Aの塩基配列を決定 した。 As a vector, pT7Blue (manufactured by Novagen, USA; hereinafter, referred to as Tiector) was used. The mixture was mixed so that the molar ratio of the vector to the DNA was 3: 3. DNA was incorporated into the vector using t (TaKaRa, Japan). The DNA-integrated vector T-vector was transfected into E. coli DH5a (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan), and ampicillin (manufactured by Sigma, USA) 50; ug Zml and X-gal L-Broth (manufactured by Nacalai, Japan) containing 200 gml was seeded on a plate of semi-solid medium and left at 37 ° C for about 12 hours. The white colonies that appeared were randomly selected, inoculated in 2 ml of L-Broth liquid medium containing the same concentration of ampicillin, and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C for about 8 hours. Thereafter, the cells were collected, the plasmid was separated using a wizard domiprep (Promega, USA) according to the attached instructions, and the plasmid was separated with the restriction enzyme EcoRI (Japan). (TOYOB0, Japan) and restriction enzyme Sa1I (T0Y0B0, Japan). It was confirmed that the above PCR product was incorporated into the vector by cutting out about 400 bp of DNA. Determine the nucleotide sequence of the incorporated cDNA for the clones confirmed to retain the PCR product did.
揷入 c D N A断片の塩基配列の決定は、 米国、 Appl ied Bi osystems社製の蛍光シークェンサ一を用いて実施した。 シー ク エンスサンプルの調製は PRISM, Ready React ion Dye Term i n a t o r Cycle Sequencing Kit (米国、 Appl ied B systems社 製)を用いて行なった。 0. 2 m l 容のマイ ク ロチューブに 1 0 . Ο μ ΐ の反応ス ト ッ ク液、 2 . O ju l の 1 . 6 p m o 1 / μ 1 の Τ 7プロモータープライマー (米国、 GIBC0 BRL 社製) および 8 . 0 1 の 0 . 1 0 / g Z l のシーク ェン ス用铸型 D N Aを加えて混合し、 9 6 °C 1 0秒、 5 0。C 5秒 および 6 0 °C 4分を 1 サイ クルとする P C R増幅反応を 2 5 サイ クル行ない、 4 °Cで 5分間保温した。 反応後、 2 . 0 μ 1 の 3 Μ酢酸ナ ト リ ウム ( Ρ Η 5 . 2 ) および 5 0 1 のェ タノールを加えて攪拌後、 室温で 1 5分放置し、 1 4, 0 0 0 r p mにて 1 5分間の遠心を行ない沈殿を回収した。 沈殿 を 7 0 %エタ ノ ールで洗浄後、 真空下に 2分間静置して乾燥 させ、 シーク ェ ンス用サンプルと した。 シーク ェンスサンプ ルは、 6 . Ο μ ΐ の 1 0 mMの E D T Aを含むホルムア ミ ド に溶解して 9 0 °C 2分間で変性後、 氷中で冷却し、 変性した サンプル 2 . O l をシークェンスに供した。  The nucleotide sequence of the imported cDNA fragment was determined using a fluorescent sequencer manufactured by Applied Biosystems, USA. Sequence samples were prepared using PRISM, Ready Reaction Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied B systems, USA). In a 0.2 ml micro tube, add 10 .1 μΟ of the reaction stock solution and 2 .10 μl of 1.6 pmo 1 / μ 1 Τ7 promoter primer (GIBC0 BRL, USA) ) And 8.01 of 0.10 / g Zl DNA for sequencing are added and mixed, and placed at 96 ° C for 10 seconds, 50 ° C. A PCR amplification reaction was performed for 25 cycles, with C being 5 seconds and 60 ° C for 4 minutes as one cycle, and incubated at 4 ° C for 5 minutes. After the reaction, 2.0 μl of sodium triacetate (Ρ5.2) and 501 of ethanol were added, and the mixture was stirred and left at room temperature for 15 minutes. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation at rpm for 15 minutes. After the precipitate was washed with 70% ethanol, it was allowed to stand under vacuum for 2 minutes and dried to obtain a sample for sequencing. The sequence sample is dissolved in 6.Ο μΐ of formamide containing 10 mM EDTA, denatured at 90 ° C for 2 minutes, cooled on ice, and the denatured sample 2. Was served.
9個のク ローンについて D N A配列の決定を行ったと ころ、 8個のク ローンが結果的に、 配列番号 3 の D N A配列の 7 9 5番目 から 1 1 4 9番目に対応する配列を有していた (両端 のプライマーの配列を含まない) 。 When the DNA sequence was determined for 9 clones, 8 clones consequently had a sequence corresponding to positions 795 to 1149 of the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. (Both ends Does not include the primer sequence).
次に上記ク ローンをプローブに して、 ヒ ト胎盤の c D N A ライブラ リ 一(米国、 CL0NTECH社製)にて全長 c D N Aを持つ たク ローンの検索を行った。 1 0 6 個相当のプラーク を Mole c u 1 a r Cloning, A la oratory manual, 1 y 89 , Eds. , S amb r o ok, J., ら : Cold Spr ing Har or La oratory Press, I mmo b i 1 i z a t i o n of bacter iophage λ plaques on nitrocel lulose f i lterに従いプレー ト し、 出現したプラーク をナイ ロ ンフィ ノレター (colony/plaque screen,米国、 NEN社製)(こ^;写し、 転 写したナイ ロ ンフィルターをアルカ リ 処理( 1 . 5 M N a C 1 , 0 . 5 M N a O Hを染み込ませた濾紙上に 5分間放 置) し、 次いで中和処理 〔 1 . 5 M N a C 1 , 0 . 5 M T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 5 ) を染み込ませた濾紙上に 5 分間放置〕 を 2 回行い、 次に 2 X S S C溶液 ( 1 X S S C溶 液は 0 . 1 5 M N a C l 、 1 5 mMクェン酸 p H 7 . 0 ) 中で 5 分間洗浄し風乾した。 こ.のフ ィ ルターを用い、 放射性 同位元素32 Pにて標識された上記ク ローンをプローブにして ハイブリ ダイゼーショ ンを行った。 Next, using the above clone as a probe, a clone having full-length cDNA was searched in a human placenta cDNA library (CL0NTECH, USA). 1 0 6 worth of plaques Mole cu 1 ar Cloning, A la oratory manual, 1 y 89, Eds, S amb ro ok, J., et al:. Cold Spr ing Har or La oratory Press, I mmo bi 1 ization plaques on nitrocel lulose filter, and the plaques appearing are printed on a nylon plaque (colony / plaque screen, manufactured by NEN, USA). Re-treatment (leave on filter paper impregnated with 1.5 M Na C 1, 0.5 M Na OH for 5 minutes) and then neutralize [1.5 M Na C 1, 0.5 MT ris — Two times on a filter paper impregnated with HC1 (pH 7.5) for 5 minutes), and then 2 XSSC solution (1 XSSC solution is 0.15 MNaCl, 15 mM citrate) p H 7. 0) washed and air dried for 5 minutes in. this. with full I Luther of rows hybrid Daizesho down by the clone that is labeled with radioisotope 32 P as a probe It was.
放射性同位元素?2 P にて標識されたプローブは以下のよ う に作製した。 A A 2 7 8 5 7 4 の 4番目力 ら 3 9 4番目 の塩 基配列を、 この配列が組み込まれたべク ター T- V e c t 0 rよ リ 、 制限酵素 E c 0 R I (日本国、 T0Y0B0社製) と制限酵素 S a 1 I (日本国、 T0Y0B0社製)にて切 り 出 し、 1 . 0 %ァガロース ' ゲル中で電気泳動を行った。 ェチジゥムブ口マイ ド ( 日本国、 日本ジーン社製) にて染色後、 紫外線下で観察し、 約 4 0 0 b p のバン ドをゲルから切 リ 出 して W i z a r d (米国、 P r ome g a社 製)を用いて精製した。 得られた D N A断片を D N Aラベリ ングキッ ト (Me g a p r ime DNA l ab e l ing s ys t em:英国、 Ame r s h a m社製)を用いて標識 した。 D N A 1 O S O n g Z 1 に プライマー液 5 μ 1 及ぴ脱イオン水を加えて全量を 3 3 μ 1 と し、 沸縢水浴を 5分間行い、 その後、 5 X反応液 1 0 /^ 1 , - 3 2P]dCTP (英国、 Ame r sham社製) 5 μ 1 , 及び Kl enow酵素 溶液(日本国、 T0Y0B0社製) 2 μ 1 を加えて 3 7 °Cで 1 0分間 水浴し、 放射標識した A A 2 7 8 5 7 4 の D N A断片を合成 した。 更にその後、 セフアデック スカラム(Prob eQuant G-50Radioisotope? The 2P-labeled probe was prepared as follows. The base sequence from the 4th to 394th bases of AA2 7 8 7 7 4 is inserted into the vector T-Vect0r into which this sequence is incorporated, and the restriction enzyme Ec0RI (Japan, T0Y0B0 ) And restriction enzyme Sa1I (T0Y0B0, Japan), and cut out with 1.0% agarose. Electrophoresis was performed in the gel. After staining with ethidium mouth mouth (manufactured by Nippon Gene Co., Ltd., Japan), the band was observed under ultraviolet light, a band of about 400 bp was cut out from the gel, and the band was cut out with Wizard (Promega, USA, USA). Was used for purification. The obtained DNA fragment was labeled with a DNA labeling kit (Me gap lime DNA labeling system: Amersham, UK). DNA 1 OSOng Z 1 was added to 5 μl of primer solution and deionized water to bring the total volume to 33 μl, followed by a boiling water bath for 5 minutes, and then 5X reaction solution 10 / ^ 1,- 3 2 P] dCTP (Amersham, UK) 5 μ1 and Klenow enzyme solution (T0Y0B0, Japan) 2 μ1 are added, and the mixture is water-bathed at 37 ° C for 10 minutes and radiolabeled. The DNA fragment of AA27857574 was synthesized. After that, a Sephadex column (Probe eQuant G-50
Mi c ro co 1 umns:ス ウェーデン国、 フ アルマシア社製)で D N A断片を精製し、 5分間沸騰水浴を したのち、 2分間氷冷し てプローブと した。 The DNA fragment was purified by Microcosm 1 umns (Pharmacia, Sweden), boiled in a water bath for 5 minutes, and cooled with ice for 2 minutes to obtain a probe.
上記の方法にて作製したフィルターを、 各々 の成分の最終 濃度が 6倍濃度の S S C溶液、 5倍濃度のデンハル ト液 (日 本国、 和光純薬社製) 、 1 % S D S ( ドデシル硫酸ナ ト リ ウ ム、 日本国、 和光純薬社製) 、 及び 1 0 0 / gノ m l の沸騰 水浴にょ リ 変性したサケ精子 D N A (米国、 S i gma社製)を含 むハイ ブリ ダィゼーシヨ ン液中に浸し、 6 5 °Cにて 0 . 5 力 ら 1 時間振と う した。 次に32 P標識されたプローブをハイブ リ ダィゼーシヨ ン液に添加 し、 6 5 °Cにて 1 6 時間振と う し、 ノヽイブリ ダイゼーショ ンを行った。 The filter prepared by the above method was applied to a final concentration of each component of SSC solution with 6 times concentration, Denhardt's solution with 5 times concentration (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Japan), 1% SDS (dodecyl sulfate sodium). In a hybridized solution containing denatured salmon sperm DNA (Sigma, USA) in a boiling water bath of 100,000 g / ml lime, Japan (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) And shaken at 65 ° C from 0.5 force for 1 hour. Then added 32 P-labeled probe in the hive Li Dizeshiyo down liquid, to try O by shaking 1 6 h at 6 5 ° C, Neubridization was performed.
次に、 フィルターを 0 . 1 % S D S を含む、 各々の成分の 最終濃度が 2倍濃度の S S C溶液に浸し、 6 5 °Cで 1 回洗浄 後、 さ らに 0 . 2倍濃度の S S C と 0 . 1 % S D S を含む洗 浄液にて 6 5 °C 3 0分の条件で 2 回洗浄した。 洗浄を終了 し たフイノレターを増感スク リ ーンを使用 して、 一 8 5 °Cでォー ト ラジオグラフィーを行った。 その結果、 強く 露光された部 分のク ローンを拾い、 再度プラーク を蒔き直し前述の方法に てス ク リ ー-ングを 2 回行い、 完全に単独のク ローンを分離 した。  Next, the filter is immersed in a SSC solution containing 0.1% SDS containing 2% final concentration of each component, washed once at 65 ° C, and further added with 0.2% SSC. The plate was washed twice with a washing solution containing 0.1% SDS at 65 ° C for 30 minutes. The washed finoletter was subjected to autoradiography at 185 ° C using a sensitizing screen. As a result, he picked up the strongly exposed portion of the clone, re-plated the plaque again, performed screening twice as described above, and completely isolated the single clone.
Mo l ecu l a r Cl on ing, A l a or a t o r y manua l , 1989, E d s . , S amb r o o k , J . , Fr i t s ch, E. F. , and Man i a t i s , Γ. , Co l d Sp r in Ha rbo r Labor a to ry Pre s sの 2.70, の方法に従い、 ク ローン であるファージを約 1 0 9 p f u (p l aque f o rming un i t)調製 し、 Wi z a r d l ambda p r eps (米国、 P r om e g a社製)を用いてファ ージ DNAを精製した。 精製した D N Aを制限酵素 E c o R I にて消化し、 同様に制限酵素 E c o R I で消化したプラス ミ ド pBl uesc r i pt I I KS ( + ) (米国、 S t r a t a g e n e社製)に組み込ん だ。 これらのク ロ ーンの D N A配列を D N Aシークェンサ一 によ り解析して配列番号 3 の D R A K 1 の配列を決定した。 本発明の D R A K 1 の全ア ミ ノ酸配列をコー ドする c D N Aを含むプラス ミ ド h D R A K l — p B S を大腸菌 D H 5 a に遺伝子導入した形質転換細胞 E. co 1 i : DH5 α - hDRAKl- pBSは、 日本国通商産業省工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所に平成 9年 1 1 月 2 1 日 に受託番号 : F E RM B P — 6 1 8 0 と して国際寄託した。 実施例 2 Moe ecu lar Cl on ing, A la or atory manua l, 1989, Eds., S amb rook, J., Fr its ch, EF, and Man iatis, Γ., Cold Sp r in Harbor Laboror in accordance with a to ry Pre 2.70, the method of ss, click the loan phage is about 1 0 9 pfu (pl aque fo rming un it) was prepared, Wi zardl ambda pr eps (the United States, P r om ega Co., Ltd.) Was used to purify the phage DNA. The purified DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI, and incorporated into a plasmid pBluescript II KS (+) (Stratagene, USA) similarly digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. The DNA sequence of these clones was analyzed using a DNA sequencer to determine the sequence of DRAK1 of SEQ ID NO: 3. A transformed cell E.co1i: DH5α- transformed with a plasmid hDRAKl-pBS containing cDNA encoding the entire amino acid sequence of DRAK1 of the present invention into Escherichia coli DH5a hDRAKl-pBS is Deposited with the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan on January 21, 1997 under the accession number: FE RM BP — 6180. Example 2
(ヒ ト D R A K 2 遺伝子のク ローニング)  (Cloning of human DRAK2 gene)
ヒ ト DAP kinase (Genes De v .9: 15_ 30 ( 1995) )の塩基配列を 用いて、 E S Tデータベース(GenBankリ リ ース)を 「DAP k i n a s e」 でキーワー ド検索したと こ ろ、 ヒ ト DAP k i n a s eの配列 と相同性の高いヒ ト 由来のク ローンが発見された。 得られた 5 6個の E S T断片情報から ZIP kinaseと相同性の高い E S T配列を除き、 残リ の E S T断片のグループ化を行った。 グ ループ化された数種類の E S T断片を増幅し以下のク ローニ ング操作に用いた。  Using the nucleotide sequence of human DAP kinase (Genes Dev. 9: 15_30 (1995)), a keyword search of the EST database (GenBank release) with "DAP kinase" revealed that human DAP kinase was found. A clone from human with high homology to the kinase sequence was found. From the information of the obtained 56 EST fragments, an EST sequence having high homology to ZIP kinase was removed, and the remaining EST fragments were grouped. Several types of EST fragments were amplified and used for the following cloning operations.
E S T A A 4 1 9 6 1 2 の情報をも と に、 ヒ ト肝臓の p0 ly(A + )RNA (米国、 CL0NTECH社製.)を材料と して 5 ' R A C E 法、 3 ' R A C E法を実行した。 5 , R A C E法、 3 ' R A C E法は、 Marathon- ReadyTM cDNA (米国、 CL0NTECH社製)を それぞれ用いて添付のプロ ト コールに従って実行した。 To ESTAA 4 1 9 6 1 2 information also bets, p 0 ly of human liver (A +) RNA (US, CL0NTECH Corporation.) Was the material 5 'RACE method, 3' RACE method execution did. 5, RACE method and 3 'RACE method were performed using Marathon-Ready cDNA (manufactured by CL0NTECH, USA) according to the attached protocol.
始めに、 5 ' 末端のク ロ一ユングを以下の方法で行った。 c D N A合成を行った後に A A 4 1 9 6 1 2 の塩基配列情報 ょ リ作製した配列番号 1 0 に記載の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ド と、 キッ トに添付されたアダプタープライマー (A P — 1 ) を用レヽて 3 0サイ クル P C Rを行った。 この P C R産物 1 μ 1 を用い、 更に A A 4 1 9 6 1 2 の塩基配列情報よ リ 作製し た配列番号 1 1 に記載の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドとキッ トに 添付されたアダプタープライマー (A P — 2 ) を用いて 3 0 サイ クル P C Rを行い、 D R A K 2 の 5 ' 末端を持つク ロー ンをク ローニングした。 First, the 5 'end was closed by the following method. c After DNA synthesis, the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 10 prepared based on the nucleotide sequence information of AA4196612 and the adapter primer (AP-1) attached to the kit ) The PCR was performed for 30 cycles. Using 1 µl of this PCR product, the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 11 prepared from the nucleotide sequence information of AA4196612 and the adapter primer attached to the kit ( 30 cycle PCR was performed using AP-2), and the clone having the 5 'end of DRAK 2 was cloned.
次に 3 ' 末端のク ロ ーユングを行った。 c D N A合成を行 つた後に、 先に決定した D R A K 2 の 5 ' 末端側の塩基配列 情報よ リ作製した配列番号 1 2 に記載の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオ チ ドと キッ トに添付された A P — 1 プライマ ーを用いて 3 0 サイクノレ P C R反応を行った。 この P C R産物を Ι μ ΐ と、 配列番号 1 3記載の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドと Α Ρ — 2 ブラ イマ一を用い 3 0サイ クル P C Rを行い、 D R A K 2 の 3 ' 末端を持つク ローンをク ローニングした。  Next, the 3 'end was cloned. c After DNA synthesis, the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 12 and the AP attached to the kit were prepared based on the nucleotide sequence information of the 5 'end of DRAK2 determined previously. — 30 cyclnore PCR reactions were performed using 1 primer. This PCR product was subjected to 30-cycle PCR using Ιμΐ, the synthetic oligonucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 and ΑII-2 primer, and a clone having a DRAK2 3'-end. Was cloned.
D R A K 2全長を P C Rで増幅した後、 Wi z a r d (米国、 Pr o mega社製)で精製後、 TA c l on ingキッ ト (米国、 Novagen社製) を用いク ローエングした。  After the full-length DRAK2 was amplified by PCR, it was purified by Wizard (Promega, USA) and then cloned using a TA cloning kit (Novagen, USA).
ベク ターと して pT7B l ue (米国、 Novagen社製、 以下 T- vec t o rと い う)を用い、 ベク ターと先の D N Aと のモル比力 S 1 : 3 となる よ う に混合し、 L i gat i on k i t (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)を 使ってべク ターに D N Aを組み込んだ。 D N Aが組み込まれ たべク ター T- vec t o rを大腸菌 D H 5 a (日本国、 T0Y0B0社製) に遺伝子導入し、 ア ン ピシ リ ン(米国、 3181113社製) 5 0 § Zm l と X— g a l ( 日本国、 ナカライ社製) 2 0 0 g / m l を含む L一 B r o t h (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)半固型培地 のプレー ト に蒔き、 1 2 時間程度 3 7 °Cに放置した。 現れて きた白いコ ロニーを無作為選択し、 同濃度のアンピシ リ ンを 含む L 一 B r o t h液体培地 2 m 1 に植え付け、 8 時間程度 3 7 °Cで振と う培養 した。 その後、 菌体を回収し、 プラス ミ ドを回収後、 組み込まれている全長 D N Aの配列を決定した。 以上の方法で最終的にヒ ト D R A K 2 の全長を決定し、 配 列番号 5 の D R A K 2 の D N A配列を決定した。 Using pT7Blue (available from Novagen, USA; hereinafter referred to as T-vector) as a vector, mixing was performed so that the molar specific force between the vector and the DNA was S1: 3. The DNA was incorporated into the vector using the Ligation kit (TaKaRa, Japan). DNA is integrated Tabeku terpolymers T-vec tor E. coli DH 5 a (Japan, Ltd. T0Y0B0 companies) were transfected into, A down Pishi Li emissions (US, manufactured 318111 3 companies) 5 0 § Seed on a plate of L-Broth (TaKaRa, Japan) semi-solid medium containing 200 g / ml of Zml and X-gal (manufactured by Nakarai, Japan) for about 12 hours 3 7 Left at ° C. The white colonies that appeared were randomly selected, inoculated in 2 ml of L-Broth liquid medium containing the same concentration of ampicillin, and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C for about 8 hours. Thereafter, the cells were collected, and after collecting the plasmid, the sequence of the integrated full-length DNA was determined. By the above method, the total length of human DRAK2 was finally determined, and the DNA sequence of DRAK2 of SEQ ID NO: 5 was determined.
本発明の D R A K 2 の全ア ミ ノ酸配列をコー ドする c D N Aを含むプラス ミ ド h D R A K 2 — p T 7 を大腸菌 D H 5 a に遺伝子導入した形質転換細胞 E. co 1 i :DH5 α - hDRAK2- ρΤ7は、 日本国通商産業省工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所に平成 9年 1 1月 2 1 日 に受託番号 : F E R M B P — 6 1 8 1 と して国際寄託した。 実施例 3  A plasmid h containing a cDNA encoding the entire amino acid sequence of DRAK 2 of the present invention h DRAK 2 — pT7 is transformed into E. coli DH5a. A transformed cell E.co1i: DH5α -hDRAK2-ρΤ7 was deposited internationally with the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan on January 21, 1997 under the accession number: FERMBP — 6181. Example 3
( D R A K 1 のノザンハイブリ ダイゼーショ ン)  (Northern hybridization of DRAK1)
D R A K 1 の m R N Aの発現を調べるために、 Human Mul t i p 1 e Tissue Northern Blot (米国、 CLONTECH社製)を用いて、 ヒ ト D R A K 1 の翻訳領域をプローブと してノ ザンハイプリ ダイゼーショ ンを行った。 プローブの放射標識は、 M e g a p r i m e DNA l abe l ing sys t em (英国、 Ame r s h am社製)と [ c -32 P ] d CT P (英国、 Amersham社製)を用いて行った。 フ イノレターの洗浄 は、 2 X S S C , 0 . 1 % S D S , 室温下で 1 分間を 1 回、 2 X S S C , 0 . 1 % S D Sで、 6 5 °Cで 3 0分間を 1 回、 さ らに、 0 . 2 X S S C , 0 . 1 % S D S 、 6 5 °Cで 3 0分 間の洗浄条件で行った。 洗浄後、 オー ト ラ ジオグラフィ一に よ ってフ ィ ルムの黒化度を測定し、 D R A K 1 の局在を判断 した。 その結果を図 1 ( a ) に示した。 図 1 ( a ) に示した よ う に D R A K 1 は、 胎盤, 心臓, 肺臓, 腎臓, 腌臓, 骨格 筋に発現が認められた。 実施例 4 To examine the expression of mRNA for DRAK1, Northern hybridization was performed using the translation region of human DRAK1 as a probe, using Human Mul tip 1 e Tissue Northern Blot (manufactured by CLONTECH, USA). . The radiolabel of the probe is Megaprim e DNA l abe l ing sys t em ( UK, Ame rsh am Inc.) and [c - 32 P] d CT P ( UK, Amersham Corp.) was used. Wash the final letter once at 2 X SSC, 0.1% SDS at room temperature for 1 minute, and once at 2 X SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65 ° C for 30 minutes, and Washing was carried out at 0.2 XSSC, 0.1% SDS and 65 ° C for 30 minutes. After washing, the degree of blackening of the film was measured by autoradiography to determine the localization of DRAK1. The results are shown in Fig. 1 (a). As shown in Fig. 1 (a), DRAK1 was expressed in placenta, heart, lung, kidney, kidney, and skeletal muscle. Example 4
( D R A K 2 のノザンハイ ブリ ダイゼーショ ン)  (Northern hybridization of DRAK2)
D R A K 2 の; m R N Aの発現を調べるために、 Human Mul t i p 1 e Ti ssue Nor thern Blot (米国、 CLONTECH社製)を用いて、 ヒ ト D R A K 2 の翻訳領域をプローブと してノザンハイプリ ダイゼーシヨ ンを行った。 プローブの放射標識は、 Me g a p r i m e DNA l abe l ing syst em (英国、 Ame r s h am社製) と [ a - 32 P ] d CT P (英国、 Amersham社製)を用いて行った。 フ ィルタ ーの洗浄 は、 2 X S S C , 0 . 1 % S D S , 室温下で 1 分間を 1 回、 2 X S S C , 0 . 1 % S D S 、 6 5 °Cで 3 0分間を 1 回、 さ らに、 0 . 2 X S S C, 0 . 1 % S D S 、 6 5 °Cで 3 0分間 の洗浄条件で行った。 洗浄後、 オー ト ラジオグラフィ一によ つてフ ィルムの黒化度を測定し、 D R A K 2 の局在を判断し た。 その結果を図 1 ( b ) に示す。 図 1 ( b ) に示すよ う に、 D R A K 2 の発現はほぼ全ての組織に認め られた。 To examine the expression of DRAK2; mRNA, Northern Hybridization was performed using the translation region of human DRAK2 as a probe, using Human Mul tip 1 e Tissue Northern Blot (CLONTECH, USA). went. Radiolabeled probes, Me gaprime DNA l abe l ing syst em ( UK, Ame rsh am Inc.) and [a - 32 P] d CT P ( UK, Amersham Corp.) was used. Wash the filter once at 2 XSSC, 0.1% SDS, 1 minute at room temperature, once at 2 XSSC, 0.1% SDS, 30 minutes at 65 ° C, and Washing was performed at 0.2 XSSC, 0.1% SDS, at 65 ° C for 30 minutes. After cleaning, use autoradiography. Then, the degree of blackening of the film was measured to determine the localization of DRAK 2. The result is shown in Fig. 1 (b). As shown in FIG. 1 (b), DRAK2 expression was observed in almost all tissues.
各組織で、 約 2 . 0 , 4 . 0 , 5 . 6 k b a s e のノくン ド が検出されたが、 配列解析の結果、 上記の配列は m R N Aの 非翻訳領域の 3 ' 末端長が異なる こ とが判った。 これまで m R N A上の翻訳されない領域が m R N Aの安定化に寄与して いるこ とが報告されている (Ama r a, F.M. ら, Nuc i e i c Acids Re s .21 : 4803 ( 1993))。 こ のこ とから、 4 · 0 kb as e, 5.6 kbaseの m R N Aについては、 翻訳されない 3 ' 側の塩基配列が m R N Aの安定性に寄与している可能性が考えられる。 実施例 5  Approximately 2.0, 4.0, and 5.6 kbase knots were detected in each tissue, but as a result of sequence analysis, the above sequences differed in the 3 'end length of the untranslated region of mRNA I understood this. It has been reported that an untranslated region on mRNA contributes to stabilization of mRNA (Amara, F.M. et al., Nuciic Acids Res. 21: 4803 (1993)). From this, it is considered that the 3′-side nucleotide sequence that is not translated may contribute to the stability of mRNA of the 4.0 kb ase, 5.6 kbase mRNA. Example 5
(D R A K 1 発現ベク ターの構築並びに形質転換体の作製) まず、 F L A Gェピ トープを N末端側に付加 した D R A K 1 を P C R法にょ リ増幅した。 増幅は、 Amp 1 i T a q (米国、 ノ 一キンエルマ一社)を用い、 センスプライマーと して配列番 号 1 4記載の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドを、 アンチセンスブラ イマ一と して配列番号 1 5記載の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドを 用いた。 P C Rは、 9 4 °C 1 分の後、 9 4 °C 3 0秒, 5 6 °C 3 0秒, 7 2 °C 1 分を 2サイ クル行い、 7 2 °C 1 0分を行つ た。 増幅された P C R産物を制限酵素 S a 1 I (日本国、 TOY 0B0社製)で切断した。 一方、 発現ベク ター(pEF- BOS) [Mi zush ima, S. ら, Nuc 1 e i c Acids R e s ., 18 : 5322 ( 1990 ) ]を制限酵素 X b a I (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)で切断後、 Blunt ing ki t (日本 国、 TaKaRa社製)で末端を平滑化し、 Sai l 1 i n k e rを 1 i g a t i o n ki t (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)でつなげた。 得られたプラス ミ ド を制限酵素 S a 1 I (日本国、 T0Y0B0社製)で切断し、 先に調 製した P C R産物をつなげて pEFBOS- FLAG-DRAK1を得た。 (Construction of DRAK1 expression vector and preparation of transformant) First, DRAK1 with FLAG epitope added to the N-terminal side was amplified by PCR. Amplification was performed using Amp1 iTaq (Norkin Kinmera, USA) using the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 14 as the sense primer and the antisense primer as the antisense primer. The synthetic oligonucleotide described in No. 15 was used. PCR is performed at 94 ° C for 1 minute, followed by two cycles of 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 56 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 1 minute, followed by 72 ° C for 10 minutes. Was. The amplified PCR product was digested with restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by TOY0B0, Japan). On the other hand, the expression vector (pEF-BOS) [Mi zush ima, S. et al., Nucl eic Acids Res., 18: 5322 (1990)], digested with restriction enzyme XbaI (TaKaRa, Japan), and then Blunting kit (TaKaRa, Japan). ), The ends were blunted, and Sai 1 inker was connected with 1 igation kit (TaKaRa, Japan). The obtained plasmid was cut with a restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan), and the PCR products prepared above were connected to obtain pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1.
次に 9 0番目 の リ ジンをァラニ ンに置換した燐酸化酵素活 性欠失型の変異体(DRAK1K90A)を、 配列番号 1 8記載の合成 オリ ゴヌク レオチ ドと 、 米国、 CL0NTECH社製の Tr ans forme r Si te-Directed Mutagenesis Ki tを用レヽ、 添付のプロ ト コ一 ルに従って作製し、 pEFBOS- FLAG- DRAK1K90Aを得た。  Next, a phosphatase activity-deficient mutant (DRAK1K90A) in which the 90th lysine was substituted with alanine was synthesized with the synthetic oligonucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 and a Trn product manufactured by CL0NTECH, USA. An ans former Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit was prepared according to the attached protocol to obtain pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1K90A.
次に、 M y c ェピ トープを N末端に付加した全長の M y c 一 D R A K 1 、 及び M y c ェピ トープを N末端に付加した配 列番号 3 の 1 番目から 3 4 5番目 までのア ミ ノ酸配列を有す る M y c — D R A K 1 1 — 3 4 5 、 更に M y c ェピ トープ を N末端に付加した配列番号 3 の 1番目から 3 2 1番目のァ ミ ノ酸配列を有する M y c — D R A K 1 1 — 3 2 1 を P C R法によ り増幅した。 増幅には、 Amp 1 i Ta q (米国、 パーキン エルマ一社製)を用い、 M y c — D R A K 1、 M y c - D R A K 1 1 - 3 4 5 , M y c - D R A K l 1 — 3 2 1 の増 幅用のセンスプライマーと して配列番号 2 0記載の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドを、 M y c — D R A K 1 の増幅用のア ンチセ ンスプライマーと して配列番号 2 1 記載の合成オリ ゴヌク レ ォチ ドを、 M y c - D R A K 1 1 — 3 4 5 の増幅用のア ン チセンスプライマーと して配列番号 2 2記載の合成オ リ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドを、 M y c — D R A K 1 1 — 3 2 1 の増幅用の アンチセンスプライマーと して配列番号 2 3 の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドを用いた。 P C Rは、 9 4 °C 1 分の後、 9 4 °C 3 0秒, 5 6 °C 3 0秒, 7 2 °C 1 分を 2 サイ クル行い、 7 2 C 1 0分を行った。 増幅された P C R産物を制限酵素 S a 1 I (日本国、 T0Y0B0社製)で切断した。 一方、 発現ベク ター(pEF - BOS) [Mizushima, S, ら, Nuc 1 e ic Ac i ds Res . , 18: 5322 ( 1990) ] を制限酵素 X b a I (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)で切断後、 Blunt i ng ki t (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)で末端を平滑化し、 Sai l 1 inke rを l i gat ion ki t (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)でつなげた。 得られ たプラ ス ミ ドを制限酵素 S a 1 1 (日本国、 T0Y0B0社製)で切 断し、 先に調製した P C R産物をそれぞれべク ターにつなげ、 pEFBOS-Myc-DRAK 1 , pEFBOS-My c-DRAKl ト 345, と p E FB0S - My c -DRAK1 卜 321を得た。 Next, the full-length Myc-DRAK1 with Myc-epitopes added to the N-terminus and the amino acids 1 to 345 of SEQ ID NO: 3 with Myc-epitopes added to the N-terminus Myc with amino acid sequence — DRAK 1 1 — 3 45, and M with amino acid sequence from 1st to 31st of SEQ ID NO: 3 with Myc epitope added to the N-terminus yc — DRAK 1 1 — 3 2 1 was amplified by PCR. For amplification, use Amp 1 i Taq (Perkin Elma, USA) to increase Myc-DRAK1, Myc-DRAK1 1-345, Myc-DRAKl1-32 The synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 20 was used as the width sense primer, and the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 21 was used as the antisense primer for Myc-DRAK1 amplification. Is used as an antisense primer for amplification of Myc-DRAK 1 1 — 345, and the synthetic oligonucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 is used as Myc-DRAK 11 — As the antisense primer for amplification of 321, the synthetic oligonucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 23 was used. The PCR was performed at 94 ° C for 1 minute, followed by two cycles of 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 56 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 1 minute, followed by 72C for 10 minutes. The amplified PCR product was digested with restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan). On the other hand, the expression vector (pEF-BOS) [Mizushima, S, et al., Nuc eic Acids Res., 18: 5322 (1990)] was cleaved with restriction enzyme XbaI (TaKaRa, Japan). Thereafter, the ends were blunted with Blunt ing kit (TaKaRa, Japan), and Sail 1 inker was connected with ligat ion kit (TaKaRa, Japan). The obtained plasmid is cut with restriction enzyme Sa11 (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan), the PCR products prepared above are connected to vectors, respectively, and pEFBOS-Myc-DRAK1, pEFBOS- My c-DRAKl 345 and pEFB0S-My c-DRAK1 321 were obtained.
さ らに、 作製した発現ベク ター(PEFB0S - FLAG-DRAKl, pEFB OS - FLAG - DRAK1K90A, p EFB0S - My c - DRAK 1, p EFB0S - My c - DRAK 1 1-345 , pEFBOS-Myc-DRAKl ト 321)を、 大腸菌 D H 5 α (T0Y0B 0社)に導入して形質転換体を得た。 実施例 6 In addition, the expression vectors (PEFB0S-FLAG-DRAKl, pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1K90A, pEFB0S-Myc-DRAK1, pEFB0S-Myc-DRAK1 1-345, pEFBOS-Myc-DRAKl 321) was introduced into E. coli DH5α (T0Y0B0) to obtain a transformant. Example 6
(D R A K 2発現ベク ターの構築並びに形質転換体の作製) まず、 F L A Gェピ トープを N末端側に付加した D R A K 2 を P C R法にょ リ増幅した。 増幅は、 Amp 1 i Ta q (米国、 ノ 一キンエルマ一社製)を用い、 センスプライマーと して配列 番号 1 6記載の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドを、 ア ンチセ ンスプ ライマーと して配列番号 1 7記載の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ド を用いた。 P C Rは、 9 4 °C 1 分の後、 9 4 °C 3 0秒, 5 6 °C 3 0秒, 7 2 °C 1 分を 2 サイ ク ル行い、 7 2 °C 1 0分を行 つた。 増幅された P C R産物を制限酵素 S a 1 I (日本国、 T 0Y0B0社製)で切断した。 一方発現ベク ター(pEF- BOS) [Mizush ima,S. ら, Nucleic Acids Re s ., 18: 5322 ( 1990) ]を制限酵素 X b a I (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)で切断後、 Blunt ing ki t (日本 国、 TaKaRa社製)でその末端を平滑化し、 Sai l l inkerを l iga t ion ki t (日.本国、 TaKaRa社製)でつなげた。 得られたプラス ミ ドを制限酵素 S a 1 I (日本国、 TOYOB0社製)で切断し、 先 に調製した P C R産物をつなげて PEFBOS— FLAG— DRAK2を得た。 次に 6 2番目の リ ジンをァラニンに置換した燐酸化酵素活 性欠失型の変異体(DRAK2K62A)を、 配列番号 1 9記載の合成 オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ド と 、 米国 CL0NTECH社製 Trans former Si te -Directed Mutagenes is Ki tを用レヽ 、 添付のプロ ト コ一ノレ (こ 従つて作製し - pEFBOS - FLAG - DRAK2K62Aを得た。 次に、 M y c ェピ トープを N末端に付加 した全長の M y c 一 D R A K 2 、 及び M y c ェピ トープを N末端に付加 した配 列番号 6 の 1番目から 3 1 5番目 までのア ミ ノ酸配列を有す る M y c — D R A K 2 1 — 3 1 5 、 更に M y c ェピ トープ を N末端に付加した配列番号 6 の 1 番目から 2 9 3番目 まで のア ミ ノ酸配列を有する M y c — D R A K 2 1 — 2 9 3 を P C R法にょ リ増幅した。 増幅には、 Amp 1 i Taq (米国、 パ 一キンエルマ一社製) を用い、 M y c — D R A K 2、 M y c — D R A K 2 1 - 3 1 5 , M y c — D R A K 2 1 — 2 9 3 の増幅用のセ ンスプライマーと して配列番号 2 4記載の合 成オ リ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドを、 M y c — D R A K 2 の増幅用のァ ンチセンスプライマーと して配列番号 2 5記載の合成オリ ゴ ヌ ク レオチ ドを、 M y c — D R A K 2 1 — 3 1 5 の増幅用 のアンチセンスプライマーと して配列番号 2 6記載の合成ォ リ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドを、 M y c — D R A K 2 1 — 2 9 3 の增 幅用のアンチセ ンスプライマーと して配列番号 2 7記載の合 成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドを用いた。 P C Rは、 9 4 °C 1 分の後、 9 4 °C 3 0秒, 5 6 °C 3 0秒, 7 2 °C 1 分を 2 サイ ク ル行い、 7 2 °C 1 0分を行った。 増幅された P C R産物を制限酵素 S a 1 I (日本国、 T0Y0B0社製)で切断した。 一方、 発現べク タ ― [ (pEF-BOS) ( i z ush ima, S. ¾ , Nuc 1 e i c Ac ids Res 18: 5322 ( 1990)]を制限酵素 X b a I (日本国、 T aKa R a社製)で切断後、 Blunt ing k i t (日本国、 T aKa R a社製)で末端を平滑化し、 Sa i l 1 i n k e rを 1 i g a t i o n k i t (ョ本国、 T a K a R a社製)でつなげた。 得られたプラス ミ ドを制限酵素 S a 1 1 (日本国、 T0Y0B0社 製)で切断し、 先に調製した P C R産物をそれぞれベク ター つなげ、 pEFB0S-Myc-DRAK2, p EFBOS-My C-DRAK2 1-315, pEFBOS - Myc - DRAK2 ト 293を得た。 (Construction of DRAK 2 expression vector and preparation of transformant) First, DRAK 2 with FLAG epitope added to the N-terminal side was amplified by PCR. Amplification was performed using Amp 1 i Taq (produced by Nokinkin Elmer Inc., USA). The synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 16 was used as a sense primer, and the SEQ ID NO was used as an antisense primer. The synthetic oligonucleotide described in 17 was used. After 1 minute at 94 ° C, the PCR was performed for 2 cycles at 30 ° C for 30 seconds, 30 seconds for 56 ° C, and 1 minute for 72 ° C, followed by 10 minutes at 72 ° C. I got it. The amplified PCR product was digested with restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan). On the other hand, after cutting the expression vector (pEF-BOS) [Mizushima, S. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 18: 5322 (1990)] with restriction enzyme XbaI (TaKaRa, Japan), Blunting The ends were smoothed with kit (TaKaRa, Japan), and the sail inker was connected with liga ion kit (Japan, TaKaRa). The obtained plasmid was digested with restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by TOYOB0, Japan), and the PCR products prepared above were connected to obtain PEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK2. Next, a phosphatase activity-deficient mutant (DRAK2K62A) in which the second lysine was substituted with alanine was synthesized with the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 19 and a Transformer manufactured by CL0NTECH, USA. Using the Site-Directed Mutagenes is Kit, the attached protocol (prepared in accordance therewith-pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK2K62A was obtained. Next, the full-length Myc-DRAK2 with Myc-tope added to the N-terminus and the amino acids 1 to 315 of SEQ ID NO: 6 with Myc-epitope added to the N-terminus Myc — DRAK 2 1 — 3 15 with amino acid sequence and amino acid sequence from 1st to 293rd of SEQ ID NO: 6 with Myc epitope added to the N-terminus Myc — DRAK 2 1 — 293 was amplified by PCR. Amplification of Myc—DRAK2, Myc—DRAK2 1-315, Myc—DRAK2 1—293 using Amp 1 i Taq (manufactured by Pakinkin Elma Inc., USA) The synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 24 was used as a sense primer for amplification, and the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 25 was used as an antisense primer for amplification of Myc-DRAK2. Nucleotide was used as the antisense primer for amplification of Myc-DRAK21-315, and the synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 26 was used as Myc-DRAK21--2. The synthetic oligonucleotide described in SEQ ID NO: 27 was used as an antisense primer for amplification of 93. PCR is performed at 94 ° C for 1 minute, followed by two cycles of 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 56 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 1 minute, and then for 72 ° C for 10 minutes. Was. The amplified PCR product was digested with restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan). On the other hand, the expression vector-[(pEF-BOS)] (iz ush ima, S. ,, Nuc eic Acids Res 18: 5322 (1990)] was replaced with the restriction enzyme XbaI (TaKaRa, Japan). ) And blunt the ends with Blunting kit (TaKaRa, Japan). 1 inker was connected with 1 igationkit (manufactured by TaKaRa, Inc.). The obtained plasmid is cleaved with restriction enzyme Sa11 (T0Y0B0, Japan), and the PCR products prepared above are connected by vector, respectively, and pEFB0S-Myc-DRAK2, pEFBOS-MyC-DRAK2 1-315, pEFBOS-Myc-DRAK2 To 293 was obtained.
さ らに、 作製した発現ベク ター(PEFBOS-FLAG - DRAK2, pEFB OS-FLAG-DRAK2K62A, p EFBOS-My C-DRAK2 , p EFBOS-My c -DRAK2 1-315, pEFB0S-Myc-DRAK2 1 - 293)を、 大腸菌 D H 5 α (日本 国、 T0Y0B0社製)に導入して形質転換体を得た。 実施例 7  In addition, the expression vectors (PEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK2, pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK2K62A, pEFBOS-MyC-DRAK2, pEFBOS-Myc-DRAK2 1-315, pEFB0S-Myc-DRAK2 1-293 ) Was introduced into E. coli DH5α (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan) to obtain a transformant. Example 7
( D R A K 1 の発現確認)  (Confirmation of expression of DRAK1)
野生型 D R A K 1 (pEFBOS- FLAG- DRAK1)、 燐酸化酵素活性 欠失型 DRAKlK90A(pEFBOS- FLAG- DRAK1K90A)、 及び対照(pEFBO Smock)をそれぞれ C O S 一 7細胞(ATCC番号 CRい 1651 )に リ ポ フエク シヨ ン法に則 リ ー過的に導入した。 3 6 時間後、 0 . 5 % N P — 4 0, 1 0 mM T r i s — H C l ( p H 7 . 5 ) , 1 5 0 mM N a C l 力 らなる 5 0 0 j l の細胞抽出 液調製バッ フ ァ一にて細胞を可溶化し、 細胞抽出液を調製し た。 こ の糸田胞キ由出液 2 0 μ 1 ίこ Laemml i samp le b u f ί e r (日本 国、 TEFCO社製) 2 0 μ 1 を加え、 9 4 °Cで 5分間処理し、 4 〜 2 0 %グラジェン トポリ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル(日本国、 TEF CO社製)を用いた S D S ポリ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル電気泳動に て展開後、 ニ ト ロ セルロース フ ィ ルター(Hybond ECL, 英国、 Amersham社製)に転写した。 フ イ ノレターを 5 %ス キム ミ ルク (米国、 DIFC0社製)/ Tr i s base s a 1 i n ( T B S ) _ 0 . 5 % Tw een20でプロ ック した。 フ ィ ルターに抗 F L A G抗体(米国、 コダッ ク社製)を反応させ、 次に二次抗体と して H R P標識 ヒ ッジ抗マ ウス抗体(英国、 Amersham社製)を結合させ、 T BWild-type DRAK 1 (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1), phosphatase-deficient DRAKlK90A (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1K90A), and a control (pEFBO Smock) were separately transferred to COS-17 cells (ATCC No. CR-1651). In accordance with the Huxion Law, it was introduced on a temporary basis. 36 hours later, 0.5% NP — 40, 10 mM Tris — HCl (pH 7.5), preparation of 500 jl cell extract of 150 mM NaCl The cells were solubilized in a buffer to prepare a cell extract. Add 20 μl of this Itoda sukiki effluent (20 μl) (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan), add 20 μl, and treat at 94 ° C for 5 minutes to obtain 4-20 % For SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan) After development, the DNA was transferred to a nitrocellulose filter (Hybond ECL, Amersham, UK). The final letter was blocked with 5% skim milk (DIFC0, USA) / Tris base sa 1 in (TBS) _0.5% Tween20. The filter was reacted with an anti-FLAG antibody (Kodak, USA), and an HRP-labeled anti-mouse antibody (Amersham, UK) was bound as a secondary antibody.
5 — 0 . 5 % T w e e n 2 0 で洗浄後、 Renaissance (米国、 DuPont社製)を用いて X線フ ィルムに感光させ、 発現蛋白質 の分子量確認を行った。 図 2 ( a ) の下段に示すよ う に、 発 現させた野生型 D R A K 1 (FLAG-DRAK1)、 活性欠失型 D R A K 1 (FLAG-DRAK1 K90A)、 及び対照(Ve c t o r )の F L A G配列 を a FLAG Blot (western)を用いて検出し、 D R A K 1 の分子 量が 5 4 k D a である と特定した。 After washing with 5-0.5% Tween 20, the cells were exposed to an X-ray film using Renaissance (manufactured by DuPont, USA) to confirm the molecular weight of the expressed protein. As shown in the lower part of Fig. 2 (a), the FLAG sequences of the expressed wild-type DRAK1 (FLAG-DRAK1), the activity-deficient DRAK1 (FLAG-DRAK1 K90A), and the control (Vector) were used. a Detected using FLAG Blot (western) and identified that the molecular weight of DRAK 1 is 54 kDa.
また、 全長の M y c — D R AK 1 (p EFBOS-My c-DRAKl)、 M y c - D R A K l 1 — 3 4 5 (pEFBOS- y c-DRAKl 1 -345)、 M y c - D R A K l 1 — 3 2 1 (p EFBOS-My c-DRAKl 1-321) 及び対照(Vector)をそれぞれ C O S 一 7細胞(ATCC番号 CRL - 1 Also, the full length Myc — DRAK 1 (p EFBOS-My c-DRAKl), Myc-DRAK l 1 — 3 4 5 (pEFBOS-y c-DRAKl 1 -345), Myc-DRAK l 1 — 3 2 1 (p EFBOS-My c-DRAKl 1-321) and a control (Vector) were each used for COS-17 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1).
651)に リ ポフエク シヨ ン法に則 リ ー過的に導入した。 3 6 時 間後、 0 . 5 % N P — 4 0, 1 0 mM T r i s — H C lIn 651), the law was introduced repeatedly according to the Lipoff-Exion Law. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP — 40, 10 mM Tris — HCl
( p H 7 . 5 ) , 1 5 0 mM N a C l 力 らなる 5 0 0 /x l の細胞抽出液調製バ ッ フ ァ 一にて細胞を可溶化し、 細胞抽出 液を調製した。 こ の細胞抽出液 2 0 μ 1 に Laemml i s amp 1 e b uf fer (日本国、 TEFCO社製) 2 0 μ 1 を加え、 9 4 °Cで 5分間 処理し、 4〜 2 0 %グラジェン トポ リ アク リ ノレア ミ ドゲルThe cells were solubilized in a 500 / xl cell extract preparation buffer consisting of (pH 7.5) and 150 mM NaCl, and a cell extract was prepared. Add 20 μl of Laemml is amp 1 eb uf fer (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan) to 20 μl of this cell extract, and add it at 94 ° C for 5 minutes. Treated, 4 to 20% gradient polyacrylamide rea gel
(日本国、 TEFC0社製) を用いた S D S ポリ アク リ ルア ミ ド ゲル電気泳動にて展開後、 二 ト ロセルロースフィルター(Hyb ond ECL, 英国、 Amersham社製)に転写した。 フィルターを 5 %スキム ミ ルク (米国、 DIFC0社製)/ T B S — 0 . 5 % T w e e n 2 0 でブロ ック した。 フ ィ ルターに H R P標識した抗 M y c 抗体(オラ ンダ国、 Invit rogen社製)を 1 0 0 0倍希釈 したものと反応させ、 T B S — 0 . 5 % T w e e n 2 0で 洗浄後、 Renaissance (米国、 Du Pont社製)を用いて X線フィ ルムに感光させ、 発現蛋白質の分子量を決定した。 その結果、 図 7 ( a ) 下段に示すよ う に、 発現させた M y c — D R A K 1 、 M y c - D R A K l 1 — 3 4 5 、 M y c - D R A K l 1 — 3 2 1 の分子量は、 それぞれ約 5 4 k D a , 約 4 5 k D a , 約 4 2 k D a である こ と力 明 らカ と なった。 実施例 8 After development by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), the DNA was transferred to a two-cellulose filter (Hybond ECL, Amersham, UK). Filters were blocked with 5% skim milk (DIFC0, USA) /TBS—0.5% Tween20. The filter was reacted with an HRP-labeled anti-Myc antibody (manufactured by Invitrogen, The Netherlands) diluted 100-fold, washed with TBS-0.5% Tween 20 and washed with Renaissance ( X-ray film was exposed using DuPont (USA) to determine the molecular weight of the expressed protein. As a result, as shown in the lower part of Fig. 7 (a), the expressed Myc—DRAK1, Myc-DRAKl1—345, and Myc-DRAKl1—321 It was clear that they were about 54 kDa, about 45 kDa and about 42 kDa. Example 8
( D R A K 2 の発現確認)  (Confirmation of expression of DRAK2)
野生型 D R A K 2 (PEFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2)、 燐酸化酵素活性 欠失型 DRAK2K62A(pEFBOS- FLAG-DRAK2K62A)、 及び対照(pEFBO Smock)をそれぞれ C O S — 7細胞(ATCC番号 CRL-1651)に リ ポ フエク シヨ ン法に則 リ ー過的に導入した。 3 6 時間後、 0 . 5 % N P — 4 0, 1 0 mM T r i s — H C l ( p H 7 . 5 ) , 1 5 0 mM N a C l 力 らなる 5 0 0 1 の細胞抽出 液調製バッ フ ァ一にて細胞を可溶化し、 細胞抽出液を調製し た。 こ の細胞抽出液 2 0 μ 1 に Laemml i samp le bu f ί e r (曰本 国、 TEFCO社製) 20 1を加え、 9 4 °Cで 5分間処理し、 4 〜 2 0 %グラジェン トポリ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル ( 日本国、 TEFC 0社製)を用い S D S ポリ ア ク リ ルア ミ ドゲル電気泳動にて展 開後、 ニ ト ロセルロ ース フ イ ノレター(Hybond ECL, 英国、 Ame r sham社製)に転写した。 フ ィ ルターを 5 %ス キム ミ ルク (米 国、 0 (:0社製)/丁 B S — 0 . 5 % T w e e n 2 0 でブロ ック し、 フ ィ ルターに抗 F L A G抗体(米国、 コダック社製) を反応させ、 次に二次抗体と して H R P標識ヒ ッジ抗マウス 抗体(英国、 Amersham社製)を結合させ、 T B S — 0 . 5 % T w e e n 2 0 で洗浄後、 Rena i ssance (米国、 DuPont社製) を用いて X線フ ィ ルムに感光させ、 発現蛋白質の分子量を決 定した。 図 2 ( b ) の下段に示すよ う に、 発現させた野生型 D R A K 2 (FLAG- DRAK2)、 活性欠失型 D R A K 2 (FLAG- DRAK 2 K62A)及び対照(Vector)の FLAG配列を a FLAG Blot (wes tern) を用いて検出し、 D R A K 2 の分子量が約 4 6 k D a である こ どが明らかと なった。 Wild-type DRAK 2 (PEFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2), phosphatase-deficient DRAK2K62A (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK2K62A), and control (pEFBO Smock) were each separately transferred to COS-7 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1651). In accordance with the Huxion Law, it was introduced on a temporary basis. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP — 40, 10 mM Tris — HCl (pH 7.5), 500 mM NaCl, extraction of 501 cells The cells were solubilized in a liquid preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract. To the cell extract (20 μl), add Laemml sample buffer (manufactured by TEFCO, Inc.) 201 and treat at 94 ° C for 5 minutes to obtain a 4% to 20% gradient polyacrylamide. After developing by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using liloamidgel (manufactured by TEFC 0, Japan), nitrose cellulose final letter (Hybond ECL, manufactured by Amer sham, UK) ). Block the filter with 5% skim milk (US, 0 (manufactured by 0 companies) / choice BS—0.5% Tween 20) and filter against the anti-FLAG antibody (Kodak, USA). And HRP-labeled anti-mouse antibody (manufactured by Amersham, UK) as a secondary antibody. After washing with TBS-0.5% Tween20, Rena i The exposed protein was exposed to X-ray film using ssance (manufactured by DuPont, USA), and the molecular weight of the expressed protein was determined, as shown in the lower part of Fig. 2 (b). FLAG sequences of FLAG-DRAK2), activity-deficient DRAK2 (FLAG-DRAK2 K62A) and control (Vector) were detected using a FLAG Blot (wes tern), and the molecular weight of DRAK2 was about 46 kD. It became clear that it was a.
また、 全長の M y c — D R A K 2 (pEFBOS-My C-DRAK2)、 M y C - D R A K 2 1 — 3 1 5 (pEFBOS- My c- DRAK2 卜 315)、 M y c — D R A K 2 1 — 2 9 3 (p EFBOS- y C-DRAK2 1-293) 及び対照(Vector)をそれぞれ C O S — 7細胞(ATCC番号 CRL - 1 651)に リ ポフエク ショ ン法に則 り 一過的に導入した。 3 6 時 間後、 0 . 5 % N P — 4 0, 1 0 mM T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 5 ) , 1 5 0 mM N a C l 力 らなる 5 0 0 μ 1 の細胞抽出液調製バッファ一にて細胞を可溶化し、 細胞抽出 液を調製した。 この細胞抽出液 2 0 u 1 に Laemml i sample b uif er (日本国、 TEFCO社製) 2 0 μ 1 を加え、 9 4 °Cで 5分間 処理し、 4〜 2 0 %グラジェン トポ リ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル( 日本国、 TEFC0社製)を用い S D S ポ リ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル電 気泳動にて展開後、 ニ ト ロ セルロ ース フ イ ノレター(Hy bond EC L, 英国、 Amer sham社製)に転写した。 フィルターを 5 %スキ ム ミ ルク (米国、 DIFC0社製)/ T B S — 0 . 5 % T w e e n 2 0でプロ ック した。 フィルターに H R P標識した抗 M y c 抗体(オラ ンダ国、 Invi t rogen社製)を 1 0 0 0倍希釈したも のと反応させ、 T B S — 0 . 5 % Tween20で洗浄後、 Renais sance (米国、 DuPont社製)を用いて X線フ ィ ルムに感光させ、 発現蛋白質の分子量を決定した。 その結果、 図 7 ( a ) の下 段に示すよ う に、 発現させた M y c — D R A K 2、 M y c — D R A K 2 1 — 3 1 5、 M y c _ D R A K 2 1 — 2 9 3 の分子量は、 それぞれ約 4 6 k D a , 約 4 1 k D a , 約 3 8 k D a である こ とが明 らかとなった。 実施例 9 In addition, full-length Myc — DRAK 2 (pEFBOS-Myc-DRAK2), MyC-DRAK2 1 — 3 1 5 (pEFBOS-Myc-DRAK2 to 315), Myc — DRAK2 1 — 293 (p EFBOS-y C-DRAK2 1-293) and a control (Vector) were transfected into COS-7 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1651), respectively, according to the lipofection method. 3 6 o'clock 0.5% NP — 40,10 mM Tris — HC 1 (pH 7.5), 500 mM NaCl buffer, 500 μl cell extract preparation buffer The cells were solubilized in step 1 to prepare a cell extract. 20 μl of Laemml i sample buffer (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan) is added to 20 μl of the cell extract, and the mixture is treated at 94 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a 4% to 20% gradient polyacrylic acid. After developing by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using Lua Midgel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), nitrocellulose finolette (Hy bond ECL, Amer sham, UK) ). Filters were blocked with 5% skim milk (DIFC0, USA) /TBS-0.5% Tween 20. The filter was reacted with an HRP-labeled anti-Myc antibody (manufactured by Invitrogen, The Netherlands) diluted 100-fold, washed with TBS-0.5% Tween20, and renaisance (US, DuPont) was used to expose the X-ray film, and the molecular weight of the expressed protein was determined. As a result, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 7 (a), the expressed Myc—DRAK2, Myc—DRAK2 1—315, and Myc_DRAK21—293 molecular weights It was found that they were about 46 kDa, about 41 kDa and about 38 kDa, respectively. Example 9
(D R A K 1及び D R A K 2 の細胞内局在)  (Intracellular localization of DRAK1 and DRAK2)
ラブテックチャンバ一 (米国、 N U N C社製) 内で 1 0 % bov ine ca l f serum ( F B S ) (米国、 Gibco BRL社製)を含 むダルベッ コ改変イーグル培地(米国、 Gibco BRL社製)で培 養した 2 X 1 0 4細胞 / m l の C O S — 7細胞(ATCCょ リ入手) に、 野生型 D R A K 1 (pEFBOS- FLAG- DRAK1)及び野生型 D R A K 2 (PEFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2) 1 0 μ g を リ ポフエ ク シ ョ ン法 (米国、 Mi rus社製)を用い一過的に導入した。 4 8 時間後、 P B S (—) で 2 回洗浄し、 4 °C条件下で 3 % paraf orma l dehyde (日本国、 ナカライ社製), 0 . 3 % Tr i ton - X 100 (日 本国、 ナカライ社製)からなる細胞膜透過液で細胞を 5分間 固定し、 P B S (—) で 2 回洗浄後、 3 % paraf orma ldehyd e (日本国、 ナカライ社製)からなる固定液で細胞を 2 0分間 固定した。 その後 P B S (—) で 3 回洗浄後、 3 % bov ine serum a lbumin ( B S A ) (米国、 S i gma社製)を含む P B S 10% in Love Tech Chamber 1 (NUNC, USA) 2 × 10 4 cells / ml COS-7 cells cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (Gibco BRL, USA) containing bovine cali serum (FBS) (Gibco BRL, USA) 10 μg of wild-type DRAK 1 (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1) and 10 μg of wild-type DRAK 2 (PEFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2) were obtained by ATCC. Was introduced transiently. 4 After 8 hours, wash twice with PBS (-), and wash at 3 ° C under 3% paraformaldehyde dehyde (Nakarai, Japan), 0.3% Triton-X100 (Japan, Fix the cells for 5 minutes with a cell membrane permeate solution (Nacalai), wash twice with PBS (-), and fix the cells with a fixative solution of 3% paraformaldehyde (Nacalai, Japan). Fixed for minutes. After washing 3 times with PBS (-), PBS containing 3% bovine serum abumin (BSA) (Sigma, USA)
(一) を用いて室温条件下で 6 0分間ブロ ッキングを行った。 次に 3 0 0倍に希釈した抗 し 01^ 2抗体 (米国、 コダッ ク社製) で 6 0分間 1 次染色を行い、 P B S (― ) で 3 回洗 浄した後、 l O i g Zm l F I T C結合抗マウス抗体(米国、 Bio Source Int ernat iona l Inc.- T ago Product s 社製)及ひ 0 . 5 μ g / m 1 ( 6-diami dino-2-phenyl indo l e ( D A P I ) (日本国、 和光純薬社製)で 3 0分間 2次染色を行った。 P B S (一) で 3 回洗浄を行った後顕微鏡観察用のサンプルと し た。  Blocking was performed for 60 minutes at room temperature using (1). Next, perform primary staining for 60 minutes with the anti-01 ^ 2 antibody (manufactured by Kodak Company, USA) diluted 300 times, and wash three times with PBS (-). FITC-conjugated anti-mouse antibody (U.S.A., manufactured by Bio Source International Inc.-Tago Products) and 0.5 μg / m1 (6-diamidino-2-phenyl indole (DAPI) (Japan (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Japan) for 30 minutes and washed three times with PBS (1), and used as a sample for microscopic observation.
顕微鏡観察には A X 8 0 ( 日本国、 ォリ ンパス社製) を用 い、 D R A K 1 及び D R A K 2 の検出には F I T Cを検出す る励起波長 4 7 0〜 4 9 0 n m、 検出波長 5 1 5 〜 5 5 0 η mを、 また核を染色する D A P I を検出する励起波長 3 4 5 〜 3 6 4 n m、 検出波長 4 5 5 〜 4 6 1 n mをそれぞれ用い た。 AX80 (Olympus, Japan) used for microscopic observation For detection of DRAK1 and DRAK2, excitation wavelength of 470 to 490 nm for detecting FITC, excitation wavelength of 515 to 550 nm, and excitation of DAPI for staining nuclei are detected. Wavelengths of 345 to 364 nm and detection wavelengths of 455 to 461 nm were used.
観察の結果を図 3 ( a ) 及び図 3 ( b ) に示した。 図 3 ( a ) 及び図 3 ( b ) に示すよ う に D R A K 1 と D R A K 2 は細胞内全体に存在する こ とが明 らかとなった。 実施例 1 0  The results of the observation are shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). As shown in FIG. 3 (a) and FIG. 3 (b), it became clear that DRAK1 and DRAK2 exist throughout the cell. Example 10
(D R A K 1 によ るアポ トーシスの誘導)  (Induction of apoptosis by DRAK1)
D R A K 1 は、 DAP kinaseの遺伝子情報を元に取得された 燐酸化酵素である。 H e L a細胞において DAP kinaseがアポ トーシスを誘導する こ とから、 アポ トーシス誘導活性を D R A K 1 が有するかど う かの確認を行った。  DRAK1 is a phosphorylase obtained based on the genetic information of DAP kinase. Since DAP kinase induces apoptosis in HeLa cells, it was confirmed whether DRAK1 has apoptosis-inducing activity.
野生型 D R A K 1 (pEFBOS- FLAG- DRAK 1)、 燐酸化酵素活性 欠失型 DRAKlK90A(pEFBOS- FLAG-DRAK1K90A)、 及び対照(pEFBO Smock)をそれぞれ L a c Z発現ベク ター( p EFBOS- L a c Z)と と もに、 N I H 3 T 3細胞(ATCC番号 CRい 1658)に Trans IT LT - 1 (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)を用い リ ポフ エ ク シ ヨ ン法に則リ ー 過的に導入した。 導入 3 6 時間後に X — g a 1 染色を行った。 野生型 D R A K 1 又は燐酸化酵素活性欠失型 DRAK 1K90Aを産 生した細胞 (即ち発色した細胞) をそれぞれ対照の細胞と比 較した。 その結果を図 4 ( a ) に示す。 図 4 ( a ) に示すよ う に野生型 D R A K 1 は核の凝集を伴う典型的なアポ トーシ ス形態を示した。 野生型 D R A K 1 及び欠失型 D R A K 1 導 入によ るアポ トーシス形態を示した細胞の割合は、 それぞれ 2 5 . 3 %と 2 . 1 %であった。 実施例 1 1 Wild-type DRAK 1 (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK 1), phosphatase-deficient DRAK1K90A (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1K90A), and control (pEFBO Smock) were each used to express the LacZ expression vector (pEFBOS-LacZ). ) With Trans IT LT-1 (TaKaRa, Japan) into NIH3T3 cells (ATCC No. CR-1658) and transfected in accordance with the lipofection method. did. X-ga1 staining was performed 36 hours after the introduction. The ratio of cells that produced wild-type DRAK 1 or DRAK 1K90A lacking phosphatase activity (that is, cells that developed color) was compared to the control cells, respectively. Compared. The results are shown in Fig. 4 (a). As shown in Fig. 4 (a), wild-type DRAK 1 exhibited a typical apoptosis morphology with nuclear aggregation. The percentage of cells showing apoptosis morphology due to the introduction of wild-type DRAK1 and deletion-type DRAK1 was 25.3% and 2.1%, respectively. Example 1 1
(D R A K 2 によ るアポ トーシス の誘導)  (Induction of apoptosis by DRAK2)
D R AK 2 は、 DAP k i n a s eの遺伝子情報を元に取得された 燐酸化酵素である。 H e L a 細胞において DAP n a s eがアポ トーシスを誘導する こ とから、 アポ ト ーシス誘導活性を D R A K 2 が有するかど う かの確認を行った。  DRAK2 is a phosphorylase obtained based on the genetic information of DAPkinase. Since DAPnase induces apoptosis in HeLa cells, it was confirmed whether DRAK2 has apoptosis-inducing activity.
野生型 D R A K 2 (pEFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2)、 燐酸化酵素活性 欠失型 DRAK2K62A(pEFBOS - FLAG-DRAK2K62A)、 及び対照 (pEFBO Smock)をそれぞれ L a c Z発現ベク ター( p EFBOS- L a c Z) と と もに、 N I H 3 T 3細胞(ATCC番号 CRL- 1658)に Tr ans IT LT- 1 (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)を用い リ ポフ エ ク シ ヨ ン法に則 リ 一 過的に導入した。 導入 3 6 時間後に X— g a 1 染色を行った。 野生型 D R A K 2又は燐酸化酵素活性欠失型 DRAK2K62Aを産 生した細胞 (即ち発色した細胞) をそれぞれ対照の細胞と比 較した。 結果を図 4 ( b ) に示す。 図 4 ( b ) に示すよ う に、 野生型 D R A K 2 は核の凝集を伴う典型的なアポ トーシス形 態を示した。 野生型 D R A K 2及び欠失型 D R A K 2導入に よるアポ トーシス形態を示した細胞の割合は、 それぞれ 2 0 . 5 %と 1 . 9 %であった。 実施例 1 2 Wild-type DRAK 2 (pEFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2), phosphatase-deficient DRAK2K62A (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK2K62A), and control (pEFBO Smock) were each used for the LacZ expression vector (pEFBOS-LacZ). Simultaneously, transiently transfected into NIH 3T3 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1658) using Trans IT LT-1 (TaKaRa, Japan) according to the lipofusion method did. X-ga 1 staining was performed 36 hours after the introduction. Cells that produced wild-type DRAK2 or DRAK2K62A lacking phosphatase activity (ie, cells that developed color) were compared to control cells, respectively. The results are shown in Fig. 4 (b). As shown in FIG. 4 (b), wild-type DRAK 2 exhibited a typical apoptotic morphology with nuclear aggregation. Introduction of wild type DRAK 2 and deletion type DRAK 2 The percentage of cells showing the apoptosis morphology was 20.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Example 1 2
[ D R A K 1 の燐酸化酵素活性の確認(自 己燐酸化) ]  [Confirmation of DRAK1 phosphorylase activity (autophosphorylation)]
D R A K 1 の燐酸化酵素 ドメ イ ン (配列番号 3 の 6 1 から 3 2 3番目)は、 カルモジュ リ ン依存性燐酸化酵素族(CaM ki nase f am i 1 y) と の高い相同'性を有し、 先に述べた DAP kinase と D R A K 1 と のア ミ ノ酸配列の比較に.おいて、 燐酸化酵素 ドメイ ンが D R A Κ 1 には保存されている こ とが判明 した。 このア ミ ノ酸配列の比較を図 6 に示した。 そこで D R A K 1 の燐酸化酵素活性を直接確認した。  The DRAK 1 phosphorylase domain (SEQ ID NO: 3 from positions 61 to 32 3) has high homology to the calmodulin-dependent phosphorylase family (CaM kinase fami i y). In the comparison of the amino acid sequences of DAP kinase and DRAK1 as described above, it was found that the phosphorylase domain was conserved in DRAΚ1. Figure 6 shows a comparison of the amino acid sequences. Therefore, the phosphorylase activity of DRAK1 was directly confirmed.
野生型 D R A K 1 (pEFBOS- FLAG- DRAK 1)、 燐酸化酵素活性 欠失型 DRAKlK90A(pEFBOS- FLAG- DRAK1K90A)、 及び対照(pEFBO Smock)をそれぞれ C O S - 7細胞(ATCC番号 CRL- 1651 )に リ ポ フエク シヨ ン法に則 リ ー過的に導入した。 3 6 時間後、 0 . 5 % N P— 4 0, 1 0 mM T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 5 ) , 1 5 0 mM N a C l 力 らなる 5 0 0 / l の細胞抽出 液調製バッファ一にて細胞を可溶化し、 細胞抽出液を調製し た。 次に細胞抽出液から定法に従い、 1 0 0 ju 1 の細胞抽出 液に 5 0 μ 1 の Protein G agarose beads (ス ウェーデン国、 フ アルマシア社製)で非特異吸着蛋白質除去処理を 2 回行つ た。 予め l g の抗 F L A G抗体 (米国、 コダッ ク社製) と 5 0 μ 1 の Protein G agarose beads (ス ウ ェーデン国、 フ ァ ルマシア社製)を結合させておき、 非特異吸着蛋白質除去処 理を行った細胞抽出液 5 0 μ 1 と抗体を結合させた beads 1 0 μ 1 を 4 °Cで終夜反応させた。 反応後の beadsを細胞抽出 液調製バッ フ ァ ー 1 0 0 1 で 3 回洗浄し、 免疫沈降物を調 製した。 免疫沈降物 2 0 j 1 に 5 0 mM T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 0 ) , 1 0 mM M g C 1 2, 3 m M M n C 1 2 力 らなる燐酸化バ ッ フ ァー 2 0 μ 1 と 1 0 μ C i の [ γ _32Ρ] ATP (英国、 Amersham社製)を加え、 3 0 °Cで 1 5分間保温し て燐酸化反応を促進した。 その後 Laemml i sample buf fer (日 本国、 TEFC0社製) 2 0 μ 1 を加え、 9 4 °Cで 5分間処理する こ と によ リ燐酸化反応を停止した。 4 〜 2 0 %グラジェン ト ポリ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル(日本国、 TEFC0社製)を用い、 反応 後の蛋白質を S D S ポリ アク リルア ミ ドゲル電気泳動にて展 開し、 ゲルを乾固 して D R A K 1 である 5 4 k D a の蛋白質 の自己燐酸化度をオー ト ラ ジオグラ フィ一によ るフ ィ ルムの 黒化度の測定を用いて決定した。 その結果を図 2 ( a ) の上 段に示した。. 実施例 1 3 Wild-type DRAK 1 (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK 1), phosphatase-deficient DRAKlK90A (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1K90A), and control (pEFBO Smock) were each transferred to COS-7 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1651). Introduced in accordance with the Poffex Law. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP—40, 10 mM Tris—HC 1 (pH 7.5), 500 mM NaCl, 500 / l cell extract The cells were solubilized with the preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract. Next, the non-specifically adsorbed protein is removed twice from the cell extract using 50 μl of Protein G agarose beads (Pharmacia, Sweden) on the cell extract of 100 ju1 according to a standard method. Was. Lg anti-FLAG antibody (Kodak, USA) 50 μl of Protein G agarose beads (Pharmacia, Sweden) were allowed to bind, and the antibody was bound to 50 μl of the cell extract that had been subjected to nonspecifically adsorbed protein removal processing. Beads 0 μl were reacted overnight at 4 ° C. The beads after the reaction were washed three times with a cell extract preparation buffer 1003 to prepare an immunoprecipitate. The immunoprecipitates 2 0 j 1 5 0 mM T ris - HC 1 (. P H 7 0), 1 0 mM M g C 1 2, 3 m MM n C 1 2 force Ranaru phosphate birch Tsu off § over 2 0 mu 1 and 1 0 mu of C i [γ _ 32 Ρ] ATP ( UK, Amersham Corp.) was added and promote phosphorylation reaction by incubating for 15 minutes at 3 0 ° C. Thereafter, 20 μl of Laemml i sample buf fer (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan) was added, and the mixture was treated at 94 ° C. for 5 minutes to stop the rephosphorylation reaction. Using 4 to 20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), the reacted protein is spread by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the gel is dried to dryness. The degree of autophosphorylation of the 54 kDa protein, which was 1, was determined by using a filmography measurement of the degree of blackening of the film by autoradiography. The results are shown in the upper part of Fig. 2 (a). Example 1 3
[D R A K 2 の燐酸化酵素活性の確認 (自 己燐酸化) ] D R A K 2 の燐酸化酵素 ドメ イ ン (配列番号 1 の 3 4番目 から 2 9 5番目) は、 カルモジュ リ ン依存性燐酸化酵素族(C aM k inas e f am i 1 y)と の高い相同性を有し、 先に述べた DAP k inaseと D R A K 2 とのア ミ ノ酸配列の比較において燐酸化 酵素 ドメ ィ ンが D R A K 2 には保存されている こ とが判明 し た。 このア ミ ノ酸配列の比較を図 6 に示した。 そこで D R A K 2 の燐酸化酵素活性を直接確認した。 [Confirmation of DRAK 2 phosphatase activity (autophosphorylation)] Tribe (C aM kinas ef am i 1 y), and the phosphorylase domain is preserved in DRAK 2 in the amino acid sequence comparison between DAP kinase and DRAK 2 It turned out that it was done. Figure 6 shows a comparison of the amino acid sequences. Thus, the DRAK 2 phosphorylase activity was directly confirmed.
野生型 FLAG- DRAK2 (p EFB0S - FLAG-DRAK2)、 燐酸ィ匕酵素活性 欠失型 FLAG- DRAK2K62A (pEFBOS_FLAG- DRAK2K62A)、 及び対照 V e c t o r (pEFBOSmock)をそれぞれ C O S — 7細胞(ATCC 番号 CRい 1651)に リ ポフユク シヨ ン法に則 り 一過的に導入し た。 3 6 時間後、 0 . 5 % N P — 4 0, 1 0 mM T r i s — H C l ( p H 7 . 5 ) , 1 5 0 m M N a C l 力 らなる 5 0 0 μ 1 の細胞抽出液調製バッファ一にて細胞を可溶化し、 細胞抽出液を調製した。 次に細胞抽出液から定法に従い、 1 0 0 μ 1 の細胞抽出液に 5 0 μ 1 の Pro t e i n G agaro se bead s (スウェーデン国、 フアルマシア社製)で非特異吸着蛋白質 除去処理を 2 回行った。 予め l g の抗 F L A G抗体(米国、 コダッ ク社製) と 5 0 1 の Pro t e in G aga ro se beads (ス ゥ エーデン国、 フアルマシア社製)を結合させておき、 非特異 吸着蛋白質除去処理を行った細胞抽出液 5 0 μ 1 と抗体を結 合させた beads l 0 μ 1 を 4 °Cで終夜反応させた。 反応後の b e a d sを細胞抽出液調製バッ ファー 1 0 0 μ 1 で 3 回洗浄し、 免疫沈降物を調製した。 免疫沈降物 2 0 1 に 5 0 m M T r i s - H C 1 ( P H 7 . 0 ) , 1 0 m M g C 1 2 , 3 mM M n C 1 2からなる燐酸化バッ ファー 2 0 μ 1 と 1 0 μ C i の [ y - 32P]ATP (英国、 Amersham社製)を加えて、 3 0 °Cで 1 5分間保温して燐酸化反応を促進した。 その後 L a emm 1Wild-type FLAG-DRAK2 (p EFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2), FLAG-DRAK2K62A (pEFBOS_FLAG-DRAK2K62A) lacking phosphorylation enzyme activity, and a control vector (pEFBOSmock) were each treated with COS — 7 cells (ATCC number CR / 1651). ) Was temporarily introduced in accordance with the Lipofyxion Law. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP — 40, 10 mM Tris — HCl (pH 7.5), 500 mM NaCl, 500 μl cell extract The cells were solubilized with the preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract. Next, 100 μl of the cell extract was subjected to twice removal of non-specifically adsorbed proteins using 50 μl of Protein Gagarose beads (Pharmacia, Sweden) according to a standard method. Was. Lg anti-FLAG antibody (manufactured by Kodak Company, USA) and 501 protein in garose beads (manufactured by Pharmacia, Sweden) were previously bound to remove nonspecifically adsorbed protein. The obtained cell extract (50 μl) and beads (10 μl) conjugated with the antibody were reacted overnight at 4 ° C. The beads after the reaction were washed three times with 100 μl of a cell extract preparation buffer to prepare an immunoprecipitate. The immunoprecipitates 2 0 1 5 0 m MT ris - HC 1 (. PH 7 0), 1 0 m M g C 1 2, 3 mM M n C 1 2 phosphorylation buffer 2 0 mu 1 consisting of a 1 0 μ C i [y - 32 P] ATP ( UK, Amersham Corp.) was added, incubated for 15 minutes at 3 0 ° C This accelerated the phosphorylation reaction. Then L a emm 1
1 sample buf fer (日本国、 TEFCO社製) 2 0 μ 1 をカ卩え、 9 4 °Cで 5分間処理する こ と によ リ燐酸化反応を停止 した。 4〜20 μl of 1 sample buf fer (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan) was prepared and treated at 94 ° C for 5 minutes to stop the rephosphorylation reaction. Four~
2 0 %グラジェン トポリ ア ク リ ルア ミ ドゲル(日本国、 TEFC0 社製)を用い、 反応後の蛋白質を S D Sポリ アク リ ルア ミ ド ゲル電気泳動にて展開 し、 ゲルを乾固 して D R A K 2である 約 4 6 k D a の蛋白質の自 己燐酸化度をォー ト ラジオグラフ ィ一によるフ ィ ルムの黒化度を測定を用いて決定した。 その 結果を図 2 ( b ) の上段に示す。 実施例 1 4 Using 20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), the reacted protein is developed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the gel is dried to dryness. The degree of autophosphorylation of the protein of about 46 kDa was determined by measuring the degree of blackening of the film by autoradiography. The results are shown in the upper part of Fig. 2 (b). Example 14
[D R A K 1 の燐酸化酵素活性の確認 (外来基質燐酸化) ] 実施例 1 2で調製した野生型 D R A K 1 、 燐酸化酵素活性 欠失型 D R AK 1 、 及び対照 Vectorを含む免疫沈降物 2 0 μ 1 に、 5 の1^。5 111 Light Chain (M L C ) (米国、 Sigma 社製) と 1 0 μ C i の [ y _ 32P]ATP (英国、 Amersham社製)を 含む 5 0 mM T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 0 ) , 1 0 m M M g C 1 2 , 3 mM M n C l 2からなる燐酸化バッ フ ァー 2 0 μ 1 を加え、 3 0 °Cで 1 5分間保温して燐酸化反応を促 進した。 その後 Laemml i sample buf fer (日本国、 TEFCO社製) を 2 0 μ 1 加え、 9 4 °Cで 5分間処理する こ と によ リ燐酸化 反応を停止 した。 4 〜 2 0 %グラ ジェン トポ リ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル(日本国、 TEFC0社製)を用い、 反応後の M L Cを S D Sポリ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル電気泳動にて展開 し、 ゲルを乾固 して M L Cである約 2 1 k D a 蛋白質の燐酸化度を、 オー ト ラジオグラ フィ一によ るフ ィ ルムの黒化度を測定する こ とで 決定した。 この結果を図 2 ( a ) の上段に示した。 実施例 1 5 [Confirmation of Phosphorylase Activity of DRAK 1 (Exogenous Substrate Phosphorylation)] Immunoprecipitate containing wild-type DRAK 1 prepared in Example 12, phosphorylase activity-deficient DRAK 1, and control vector 20 In μ 1, 1 ^ 5. 5 111 Light Chain (MLC) (US, Sigma Co.) [y _ 32 P] between 1 0 μ C i ATP (UK, Amersham Corp.) 5 0 mM T ris including - HC 1 (p H 7. 0), 1 0 m MM g C 1 2, 3 mM M n C l phosphorylation of two the of buffers over 2 0 mu 1 was added, 3 0 ° and kept for 15 minutes at C prompting the phosphorylation reaction Advanced. Then add 20 μl of Laemml i sample buf fer (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan) and rephosphorylate by treating at 94 ° C for 5 minutes. The reaction was stopped. Using a 4-20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), the MLC after the reaction is developed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the gel is dried. The degree of phosphorylation of the MLC protein, about 21 kDa, was determined by measuring the degree of blackening of the film by autoradiography. The results are shown in the upper part of Fig. 2 (a). Example 15
[ D R A K 2 の燐酸化酵素活性の確認 (外来基質燐酸化) ] 実施例 1 3 で調製した野生型 D R A K 2 、 燐酸化酵素欠失 型 D R A K 2 、 及び対照 Vectorを含む免疫沈降物 2 0 μ 1 に、 5 g の Myos in Light Chain (M L C ) (米国、 Sigma社製) と 1 0 μ C i の [ γ - 32P]ATP (英国、 Amersham社製)を含む 5 0 mM T r i s — H C l ( H 7 . 0 ) , 1 0 m M M g C 1 2, 3 mM M n C l 2力 らなる燐酸化バ ッ フ ァー 2 0 μ 1 を加え、 3 0 °Cで 1 5分間保温して燐酸化反応を促進した。 その後 Laemml i samp l e buf f er (日本国、 TEFC0社製) 2 0 μ 1 を加え、 9 4 °Cで 5 分間処理する こ と によ リ燐酸化反応を停 止した。 4〜 2 0 %グラジェン トポ リ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル( 日本国、 TEFC0社製)を用い、 反応後の M L Cを S D S ポリ ア ク リルアミ ドゲル電気泳動にて展開 し、 ゲルを乾固して M L Cである約 2 1 k D a 蛋白質の燐酸化度をォー ト ラジオダラ フィ一によ るフ ィ ルムの黒化度を測定する こ とで決定した。 その結果を図 2 ( b ) の上段に示す。 実施例 1 6 [Confirmation of Phosphorylase Activity of DRAK 2 (Exogenous Substrate Phosphorylation)] Immunoprecipitate containing wild-type DRAK 2 prepared in Example 13, phosphatase-deficient DRAK 2, and control vector 20 μl to, 5 g Myos in Light Chain ( MLC) ( US, Sigma Co.) with 1 0 mu of C i [γ - 32 P] ATP ( UK, Amersham Corp.) 5 0 mM T ris including - HC l (H 7. 0), 1 0 m MM g C 1 2, 3 mM M n C l 2 force Ranaru phosphate birch Tsu off § over 2 0 mu 1 was added, and incubated for 15 minutes at 3 0 ° C Accelerated the phosphorylation reaction. Thereafter, 20 μl of Laemml sample buffer (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan) was added, and the mixture was treated at 94 ° C. for 5 minutes to stop the rephosphorylation reaction. Using a 4-20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), the MLC after the reaction is developed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the gel is dried and dried with MLC. The degree of phosphorylation of a certain 21 kDa protein was determined by measuring the degree of blackening of the film with an autoradiograph. The results are shown in the upper part of Fig. 2 (b). Example 16
(D R A K 1 蛋白質を認識する抗体の作製)  (Preparation of an antibody that recognizes the DRAK1 protein)
配列番号 3 の 3 5 3番目 の Asnから 3 6 4番目 の Serまでの ペプチ ドを合成し、 免疫原と してゥサギに免疫して、 抗体価 を測定した。 その後、 全血の採血を行い、 血清を採取して、 米国、 Bio - Rad社製のェコ ノパック血清 I g G精製キッ ト を 用い、 添付の取扱い説明書に従って抗ヒ ト D R A K 1 蛋白質 ゥサギポリ ク ロ ーナル抗体を精製した。  Peptides from Asn at position 353 to Ser at position 364 of SEQ ID NO: 3 were synthesized, and immunized to rabbits as an immunogen, and the antibody titer was measured. Thereafter, whole blood is collected, serum is collected, and an anti-human DRAK1 protein is used in an Econopack serum IgG purification kit (Bio-Rad, USA) according to the attached instruction manual. The local antibody was purified.
上記のペプチ ド合成は、 F m o c 固相合成法 [新生化学実 験講座 1 · タンパク質 V I 合成及び発現、 東京化学同人発行 The above peptide synthesis was performed using the Fmoc solid-phase synthesis method [New Chemistry Laboratory Course 1 · Protein VI synthesis and expression, published by Tokyo Chemical Dojin.
(Japan) ] にて行ない、 得られた合成ペプチ ド 2 m g を等 量のキヤ リ ァ蛋白質 K L H (keyhole - l impet hemocyanin) (米 国、 PIERCE社製) とマ レイ ミ ド法にて コ ンジュゲー ト し、 抗 原と して使用 した。 約 2 . 5 k g のゥサギ 1 羽(NZW種、 日本 国、 3本 SLE社製)に 0 . 5 m g の抗原を背部皮下投与し、 そ の 2 1 日後、 4 2 日後および 6 3 日後にもそれぞれ等量の抗 原を同様に投与した。 最初の投与から 7 3 日 目 にゥサギょ リ 血液を麻酔下類動脈採血にょ リ採取後、 血清を分離し、 抗血 清と した。 実施例 1 7 (D R A K 2蛋白質を認識する抗体の作製) (Japan)], and 2 mg of the obtained synthetic peptide was conjugated with an equal amount of carrier protein KLH (keyhole-l impet hemocyanin) (PIERCE, USA) by the maleimide method. And used as an antigen. 0.5 mg of the antigen was subcutaneously administered to one 2.5 kg heron (NZW species, 3 SLE, Japan) subcutaneously on the back, and 21 days, 42 days and 63 days after that. The same amount of each antigen was administered in the same manner. Seventy-three days after the first administration, blood was collected from blood of rabbits for anesthesia, and the serum was separated and used as antiserum. Example 17 (Preparation of antibody recognizing DRAK 2 protein)
配列番号 6 の 3 1 9番目 の Argから 3 3 1 番目 の Asnまでの ペプチ ドを合成し、 免疫原と してゥサギに免疫 して、 抗体価 を測定した。 その後、 全血の採血を行い、 血清を採取して、 米国、 Bio-Rad社製のェコノパック血清 I g G精製キッ ト を 用い、 添付の取扱い説明書に従って抗ヒ ト D R A K 2 蛋白質 ゥサギポリ ク ローナル抗体を精製して作製した。  Peptides from Arg at position 319 to Asn at position 331 in SEQ ID NO: 6 were synthesized, and immunized to rabbits as an immunogen, and the antibody titer was measured. Thereafter, whole blood is collected, serum is collected, and an anti-human DRAK2 protein and a heron polyclonal antibody are purified using an Econopack serum IgG purification kit manufactured by Bio-Rad, USA, according to the attached instruction manual. Was purified and produced.
上記のペプチ ド合成は、 F m o c 固相合成法 [新生化学実 験講座 1 · タンパク質 V I 合成及び発現、 東京化学同人発行 The above peptide synthesis was performed using the Fmoc solid-phase synthesis method [New Chemistry Laboratory Course 1 · Protein VI synthesis and expression, published by Tokyo Chemical Dojin.
(Japan) ] にて行ない、 得られた合成ペプチ ド 2 m g を等 量のキヤ リ ァ蛋白質 K L H (keyhole- l impet hemocyanin) (米 国、 PIERCE社製) とマ レイ ミ ド法にてコ ンジュゲー ト し、 抗 原と して使用 した。 約 2 . 5 k g のゥサギ(NZW種、 日本国、 日本 SLE社製) 1 羽に 0 . 5 m gの抗原を背部皮下投与し、 そ の 2 1 日後、 4 2 日後および 6 3 日後にもそれぞれ等量の抗 原を同様に投与した。 最初の投与から 7 3 日 目 にゥサギよ リ 血液を麻酔下類動脈採血にょ リ採取後、 血清を分離し、 抗血 清と した。 実施例 1 8 (Japan)], and 2 mg of the obtained synthetic peptide was conjugated with an equal amount of carrier protein KLH (keyhole-limpet hemocyanin) (PIERCE, USA) by the maleimide method. And used as an antigen. Approximately 2.5 kg of a heron (NZW, Japan, SLE) was administered 0.5 mg of the antigen subcutaneously to the back of a bird, and after 21 days, 42 days and 63 days after that, Equal amounts of the antigen were administered similarly. Seventy-three days after the first administration, blood was collected from a heron via anesthesia blood sampling, and the serum was separated and used as antiserum. Example 18
(D R A K 1 に作用する化合物のス ク リ一ユング)  (Screening of compounds acting on DRAK1)
D R A K 1 の自 己又は M L Cに対する燐酸化酵素活性を指 標と し、 アポ トーシス抑制活性を示す化合物のス ク リ ーニン グを行った。  Screening of compounds showing apoptosis-inhibiting activity was performed using the phosphorylase activity of DRAK1 on itself or MLC as an indicator.
( 1 ) 野生型 D R A K 1 の調製  (1) Preparation of wild type DRAK1
野生型 D R A K 1 (pEFBOS— FLAG— DRAK1)を C O S — 7細胞 (ATCC番号 CRい 1651)に リ ポフ ク ショ ン法に則 リ ー過的に導 入した。 3 6 時間後、 0 . 5 % N P _ 4 0, 1 0 m M T r i s - H C 1 ( p H 7 . 5 ) , 1 5 0 m M N a C l 力 ら なる 5 0 0 μ 1 の細胞抽出液調製バ ッ フ ァ一にて細胞を可溶 化し、 細胞抽出液を調製した。 次に細胞抽出液から定法に従 ぃ抗 F L A G抗体(米国、 コダック社製)と Protein G agaros e beads (ス ウェーデン国、 フアルマシア社製)を用い免疫沈 降物を調製した。  Wild-type DRAK1 (pEFBOS-FLAG-DRAK1) was introduced into COS-7 cells (ATCC No. CR-1651) in a reproducible manner according to the lipofiction method. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP_40, 50 mM MTris-HC1 (pH 7.5), 500 mM cell extract consisting of 150 mM MNaCl The cells were solubilized in a preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract. Next, an immunoprecipitate was prepared from the cell extract using an anti-FLAG antibody (manufactured by Kodak, USA) and Protein Gagarose beads (manufactured by Pharmacia, Sweden) according to a standard method.
( 2 ) 阻害剤の調製  (2) Preparation of inhibitor
燐酸化酵素阻害剤と して市販されている Chelerythr ine Ch lor ide (米国、 CALB I OCHEM社製) を評価化合物と し、 DM S O (米国、 GIBO BRL社製)に 1 0 m Mになる よ う に溶解した。 これを原液溶液と して、 蒸留水で希釈し、 4 0 0 Μの溶液 を調製した。 比較のためには、 D M S Oを蒸留水で評価濃度 と同濃度になるよ う に希釈した溶液を用いた。  Chelerythrin Chloride (manufactured by CALB I OCHEM, USA), which is commercially available as a phosphatase inhibitor, was used as an evaluation compound, and the concentration of DMSO (manufactured by GIBO BRL, USA) was 10 mM. Dissolved. This was used as a stock solution and diluted with distilled water to prepare a solution of 400 mg. For comparison, a solution obtained by diluting DMSO with distilled water so as to have the same concentration as the evaluation concentration was used.
( 3 ) 阻害活性の測定方法 M L Cに対する燐酸化を見る場合には、 野生型 D R A K 1 を含む免疫沈降物 2 0 μ 1 を、 5 μ g の M L C (米国、 S i gma 社製) と 2 0 μ C i の [γ- 3 2P]ATP (英国、 Ame r sham社製)を含 む l O O m M T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 0 〉 , 2 0 mM M g C 1 , 6 mM M n C l 2力 らなる燐酸化ノ ッ ファー 1 0 μ 1 に加えた。 自 己燐酸化のみを評価する場合には、 野 生型 D R A K 1 を含む免疫沈降物 2 0 μ 1 を、 M L C を含ま ない燐酸化バッファー 1 0 μ 1 と先に調製した 4 0 0 ju Mの 評価化合物溶液 1 0 μ 1 に加えた。 次に 3 0 °Cで 1 5分間保 温し燐酸化反応を促進した。 Laemml i s amp l e bu f f e r (日本国、 TEFCO社製)を 2 0 1 加え、 9 4 °Cで 5分間処理し燐酸化反 応を停止した。 4〜 2 0 %グラジェン トポ リ ア ク リ ルア ミ ド ゲル(日本国、 TEFCO社製)を用い、 S D Sポ リ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル電気泳動にて反応後の蛋白質を展開 した。 ゲルを乾固 し、 オー ト ラジオグラフィ 一によつて D R A K 1 である約 5 4 k D a の蛋白質の 自 己燐酸化度を、 また M L Cである約 2 1 k D a 蛋白質の燐酸化度を、 それぞれフ ィ ルムの黒化度を 測定するこ とによ リ 決定した。 具体的には、 B A S — 2 0 0 0バイオ . イメージングアナライザー (日本国、 富士写真フ イ ルム社製) を用いて放射能を測定した。 評価化合物を含ま ない D M S O溶液を用いた際の放射活性量を対照と し、 その 低下率にょ リ 阻害活性を求めた。 その結果、 l O O M (終 濃度) の Che l e r yt hr i ne Ch l o r i deは、 阻害活性を示さなかつ た。 実施例 1 9 (3) Method for measuring inhibitory activity To observe phosphorylation on MLC, immunoprecipitate containing wild-type DRAK1 (20 μl) was combined with 5 μg of MLC (Sigma, USA) and 20 μCi of [γ- 3 2 P] ATP (UK, Ame r sham Co.) including l OO m MT ris -. HC 1 (p H 7 0>, 2 0 mM M g C 1, 6 mM M n C l 2 force Ranaru Added to phosphorylation buffer 10 μl If only autophosphorylation was assessed, 20 μl of immunoprecipitate containing wild-type DRAK 1 was added to 10 μl of phosphorylation buffer without MLC. μ1 and the previously prepared 10 μM evaluation compound solution (10 μm) were added to the solution, and the mixture was incubated at 30 ° C. for 15 minutes to promote the phosphorylation reaction. (Manufactured by TEFCO, Japan) was added, and the phosphorylation reaction was stopped by treating at 94 ° C for 5 minutes 4 to 20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (Japan, Japan) (Manufactured by TEFCO) using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis The gel was evaporated to dryness, and the autophosphorylation degree of the DRAK 1 protein of about 54 kDa and the MLC of about 21 kDa were determined by autoradiography. The degree of phosphorylation of the protein was determined by measuring the degree of blackening of the film, specifically BAS-200 Bio. Imaging Analyzer (Fuji Photo Film, Japan) The amount of radioactivity when a DMSO solution containing no evaluation compound was used was used as a control, and the inhibitory activity was determined based on the decrease rate. Concentration) does not show inhibitory activity Was. Example 19
(D R A K 2 に作用する化合物のス ク リ ーニング)  (Screening of compounds acting on DRAK2)
D R AK 2の 自 己又は M L Cに対する燐酸化酵素活性を指 標と し、 アポ トーシス抑制活性を示す化合物のス ク リ ーニン グを行った。  Screening of compounds showing apoptosis inhibitory activity was carried out using the phosphorylase activity of DRAK2 on itself or MLC as an indicator.
( 1 ) 野生型 D R AK 2の調製  (1) Preparation of wild type DRAK2
野生型 D R A K 2 (PEFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2)を C O S — 7細胞 (ATCC番号 CRL- 1651)に リ ポフエク ショ ン法に則 り 一過的に導 入した。 3 6時間後、 0. 5 % N P - 4 0 , 1 0 m M T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7. 5 ) , 1 5 0 m M N a C l 力、ら なる 5 0 0 μ 1 の細胞抽出液調製バッファ一にて細胞を可溶 化し、 細胞抽出液を調製した。 次に細胞抽出液から定法に従 ぃ抗 F L A G抗体(米国、 コダック社製) と Protein G agaros e beads (フ アルマシア社)を用い免疫沈降物を調製した。  Wild-type DRAK2 (PEFB0S-FLAG-DRAK2) was transiently introduced into COS-7 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1651) according to the lipofection method. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP-40, 10 mM MTris-HC 1 (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl force, extraction of 500 μl of cells The cells were solubilized with a liquid preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract. Next, an immunoprecipitate was prepared from the cell extract using an anti-FLAG antibody (Kodak, USA) and Protein Gagarose beads (Pharmacia) according to a standard method.
( 2 ) 阻害剤の調製  (2) Preparation of inhibitor
燐酸化酵素阻害剤と して市販されている Chelerythr ine Ch lor ide (米国、 CALBIOCHEM社製) を評価化合物と し、 DM S O (GIBO BRL社)に 1 0 mMになる よ う に溶解した。 これを 原液溶液と して、 蒸留水で希釈し、 4 0 0 μ Μの溶液を調製 した。 比較のためには、 DM S Qを蒸留水で評価濃度と 同濃 度になるよ う に希釈した溶液を用いた。 ( 3 ) 阻害活性の測定方法 Chelerythrin Chloride (manufactured by CALBIOCHEM, USA), which is commercially available as a phosphatase inhibitor, was used as an evaluation compound and dissolved in DMSO (GIBO BRL) to 10 mM. This was used as a stock solution and diluted with distilled water to prepare a solution of 400 μ μ. For comparison, a solution prepared by diluting DM SQ with distilled water so as to have the same concentration as the evaluation concentration was used. (3) Method for measuring inhibitory activity
M L Cに対する燐酸化を見る場合には、 野生型 D R A K 2 を含む免疫沈降物 2 0 μ 1 を、 5 μ g の M L C (米国、 S i gma 社製) と 2 0 μ C i の [ y -3 2P]ATP (英国、 Ame r sham社製)を含 む 5 0 mM T r i s - H C 1 ( p H 7 . 0 ) , 2 0 mM M g C 1 2 , 6 m M M n C l 2力 らなる燐酸化ノく ッ フ ァー 1 Ο μ ΐ に加えた。 自 己燐酸化のみを評価する場合は、 野生型 D R A K 2 を含む免疫沈降物 2 0 1 を、 M L Cを含まない 燐酸化バッ フ ァー 1 Q μ 1 と先に調製した 4 0 Ο Μの評価 化合物溶液 1 0 μ 1 に加えた。 次に 3 0 °Cで 1 5分間保温し て燐酸化反応を促進した。 Laemml i s amp l e buf f e r (日本国、 TEFC0社製)を 2 0 μ 1 加え、 9 4 °Cで 5分間処理し燐酸化反 応を停止した。 4 〜 2 0 %グラジェン トポリ ア ク リ ルア ミ ド ゲル(日本国、 TEFC0社製)を用い、 S D Sポ リ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル電気泳動にて反応後の蛋白質を展開 した。 ゲルを乾固 し、 ォー ト ラジオグラフィ ーによって D R A K 2 である約 4 6 k D a蛋白質の自 己燐酸化度を、 また M L Cである約 2 1 k D a 蛋白質の燐酸化度を、 それぞれフ ィ ルムの黒化度を測 定する こ と によ リ決定した。 具体的には、 B A S — 2 0 0 0 バイオ . イ メ ージングアナライザー(日本国、 富士写真フィ ルム社製)を用いて放射能を測定した。 評価化合物を含まな い D M S O溶液を用いた際の放射活性量を対照と し、 その低 下率にょ リ 阻害活性を求めた。 その結果、 l O O M (終濃 度)の Che lerythr ine Chlor ideでは、 阻害活性を示さなかつ た。 実施例 2 0 When looking at phosphorylation on MLC, 20 μl of the immunoprecipitate containing wild-type DRAK 2 was added to 5 μg of MLC (Sigma, USA) and 20 μCi [y- 3 2 P] ATP (UK, Ame r sham Inc.) No free the 5 0 mM T ris - HC 1 (. p H 7 0), 2 0 mM M g C 1 2, 6 m MM n C l 2 power et al. Was added to 1 μm of the phosphorylated buffer. If only autophosphorylation is assessed, evaluate immunoprecipitate 201 containing wild-type DRAK 2 and 40 4 調製 previously prepared with 1 Qμ1 of phosphorylation buffer without MLC. Compound solution was added to 10 μl. Next, the temperature was kept at 30 ° C for 15 minutes to promote the phosphorylation reaction. 20 μl of Laemml is ample buf fer (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan) was added, and the mixture was treated at 94 ° C. for 5 minutes to stop the phosphorylation reaction. The protein after the reaction was developed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using 4 to 20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan). The gel was dried and the autophosphorylation degree of DRAK 2 (about 46 kDa protein) and the phosphorylation degree of MLC (about 21 kDa protein) were determined by autoradiography. It was determined by measuring the degree of blackening of the film. Specifically, the radioactivity was measured using a BAS-2000 bio-imaging analyzer (manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Japan). The amount of radioactivity when a DMSO solution containing no evaluation compound was used was used as a control, and the inhibitory activity was determined at a reduced rate. As a result, l OOM (final Chelerythrine Chloride) showed no inhibitory activity. Example 20
(D R A K 1 活性調節領域の特定)  (Specification of DRAK1 activity regulatory region)
全長の M y c — D R A K 1 (pEFBOS-My c-DRAKl)、 M y c — D R A K l 1 — 3 4 5 (pEFBOS- My c- DRAKl 1-345)、 M y c - D R A K l 1 - 3 2 1 (pEFBOS- My c- DRAKl 1-321)及ぴ対 照(Vector)をそれぞれ C O S - 7細胞(ATCC番号 CRい 1651)に リ ボフヱク シヨ ン法に則 リ ー過的に導入した 。 3 6 時間後、 0 . 5 % N P — 4 0 , 1 0 mM T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 5 ) , 1 5 0 mM N a C l 力 らなる 5 0 0 μ 1 の細胞 抽出液調製バッ ファ一にて細胞を可溶化し、 細胞抽出液を調 製した。  Full length Myc — DRAK 1 (pEFBOS-My c-DRAKl), Myc — DRAK l 1 — 3 4 5 (pEFBOS- My c- DRAKl 1-345), Myc-DRAK l 1-3 2 1 (pEFBOS -My c-DRAKl 1-321) and control (Vector) were transfected into COS-7 cells (ATCC No. CR-1651), respectively, in a repetitive manner in accordance with the Libo-Foxion method. After 36 hours, 0.5% NP — 40, 10 mM Tris — HC 1 (pH 7.5), 500 mM NaCl, 500 μl cell extract The cells were solubilized in a preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract.
次に免疫沈降物の調製を行った。 細胞抽出液から定法に従 い、 1 0 0 μ 1 の細胞抽出液に 5 0 μ 1 の Protein G agaros e beads (ス ウェーデン国、 フアルマシア社製)を用いて非特 異吸着蛋白質除去処理を 2 回行った。 非特異吸着蛋白除去処 理を行った細胞抽出液 5 0 μ 1 と抗 c -M y c (9E10)- Agaro se (米国、 Santa Cruz社製) 1 0 1 を 4 °Cで終夜反応させた。 反応後の Agaroseを細胞抽出液調製バッファー 1 0 0 μ 1 で 3回洗浄し、 免疫沈降物を得た。  Next, an immunoprecipitate was prepared. The non-specifically adsorbed protein was removed twice using 100 μl of cell extract and 50 μl of Protein G agarose beads (Pharmacia, Sweden) according to the standard method from the cell extract. went. The cell extract (50 μl) subjected to the non-specifically adsorbed protein removal treatment was reacted with anti-c-Myc (9E10) -Agarose (Santa Cruz, USA) 101 at 4 ° C. overnight. Agarose after the reaction was washed three times with 100 μl of cell extract preparation buffer to obtain an immunoprecipitate.
免疫沈降物 2 0 μ 1 に 5 /χ gの M L C (米国、 Sigma社製) と lO Ciの [y - 32P]ATP (英国、 Amersham社製)を含む 5 0 m M T r i s — H C 1 ( H 7 . 0 ) , l O mM M g C 1 2, 3 mM M n C l 2力 らなる燐酸化バッファー 2 0 l を 加え、 3 0 °Cで 1 5分間保温し燐酸化反応を促進した。 次に Laemml i sample buf fer (曰本国、 TEFCO社製)を 2 0 μ 1 カロえ、 9 4 °Cで 5分間処理し燐酸化反応を停止した。 4〜 2 0 %グ ラジェン トポリ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル(日本国、 TEFC0社製)を 用いた S D Sポリ ァク リルア ミ ドゲル電気泳動にて反応後の 蛋白質を展開 し、 ゲルを乾固 してォー ト ラジオグラフィーに 付した。 その後、 M y c — D R A K 1 、 M y c - D R AK l 1 — 3 4 5、 M y c — D R AK 1 1 — 3 2 1 である約 5 4 k D a , 約 4 5 k D a, 約 4 2 k D a の蛋白質の黒化度、 又は M L Cである約 2 1 k D a の蛋白の黒化度を測定し、 自 己燐酸化活性又は各々 の M L Cに対する燐酸化活性を検出し た。 その結果を図 7 ( a ) 上段に示す。 図 7上段に示したよ う に、 D R AK 1 の燐酸化酵素領域よ り C末側の欠損長に応 じて自 己並びに M L Cに対する燐酸化酵素活性が消失した。 この結果は、 D R A K 1 の C末側、 特に配列番号 3の 3 2 2 番目から 3 4 5番目 の領域に、 燐酸化酵素活性を調節する領 域が存在する こ と を示唆している。 実施例 2 1 5 / χg MLC in 20 μl of immunoprecipitate (Sigma, USA) With lO Ci [y - 32 P] ATP ( UK, Amersham Corp.) 5 0 m MT ris including - HC 1 (. H 7 0 ), l O mM M g C 1 2, 3 mM M n C l the second force Ranaru phosphorylation buffer 2 0 l added to promote incubated phosphorylated reaction for 15 minutes at 3 0 ° C. Next, 20 μl of Laemml i sample buf fer (manufactured by TEFCO, Inc.) was weighed and treated at 94 ° C. for 5 minutes to stop the phosphorylation reaction. The protein after reaction is developed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using 4 to 20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), and the gel is dried to dryness. -Attached to radiography. Then, Myc — DRAK 1, Myc-DRAKl 1 — 345, Myc — DRAK1 1 — 321, which are about 54 kDa, about 45 kDa, about 42 The degree of blackening of the kDa protein or the degree of blackening of the MLC protein of about 21 kDa was measured to detect autophosphorylation activity or phosphorylation activity for each MLC. The results are shown in the upper part of Fig. 7 (a). As shown in the upper part of FIG. 7, the phosphatase activity on self and MLC disappeared depending on the length of the C-terminal deletion from the phosphatase region of DRAK1. This result suggests that the C-terminal side of DRAK1, in particular, the region from the 32nd to the 32nd position of SEQ ID NO: 3 has a region that regulates the phosphatase activity. Example 2 1
(D R A K 2活性調節領域の特定) 全長の M y c — D R A K 2 (pEFBOS- Myc- DRAK2)、 M y c — D R A K 2 1 - 3 1 5 (pEFBOS-My C-DRAK2 1-315) , M y c - D R A K 2 1 - 2 9 3 (p EFBOS- My c- DRAK2 1-293)及び対 照(Vector)をそれぞれ C O S ― 7細胞(ATCC番号 CRL- 1651)に リ ポフ エク シヨ ン法に則 リ ー過的に導入した。 3 6 時間後、 0 . 5 % N P - 4 0 , 1 0 mM T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 5 ) , 1 5 0 m M N a C l 力 らなる 5 0 0 μ 1 の細胞 抽出液調製バ ッ フ ァ一にて細胞を可溶化し、 細胞抽出液を調 製した。 (Specification of DRAK 2 activity regulatory region) Full length Myc — DRAK 2 (pEFBOS-Myc-DRAK2), Myc — DRAK 2 1-3 1 5 (pEFBOS-My C-DRAK2 1-315), Myc-DRAK 2 1-2 9 3 (p EFBOS -My c-DRAK2 1-293) and control (Vector) were transfected into COS-7 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1651), respectively. 36 hours later, 0.5% NP-40, 10 mM Tris — HC 1 (pH 7.5), 500 μM cell extract consisting of 150 mM NaCl The cells were solubilized in a preparation buffer, and a cell extract was prepared.
次に免疫沈降物の調製を行った。 細胞抽出液から定法に従 い、 1 0 0 μ 1 の細胞抽出液に 5 0 μ 1 の Protein G agaros e beads (ス ウェーデン国、 フアルマシア社製)を用いて非特 異吸着蛋白質除去処理を 2 回行った。 非特異吸着蛋白質除去 処理を行った細胞抽出液 5 0 μ 1 と抗 c -M y c (9E10)-Aga rose (米国、 Santa C r u z社製) 10 μ 1を 4 °Cで終夜反応させた。 反応後の Agaroseを細胞抽出液調製バ ッ フ ァ ー 1 0 0 1 で 3 回洗浄し、 免疫沈降物を得た。  Next, an immunoprecipitate was prepared. The non-specifically adsorbed protein was removed twice using 100 μl of cell extract and 50 μl of Protein G agarose beads (Pharmacia, Sweden) according to the standard method from the cell extract. went. 50 μl of the cell extract subjected to the non-specifically adsorbed protein removal treatment and 10 μl of anti-c-Myc (9E10) -Agarose (manufactured by Santa Cruz, USA) were reacted overnight at 4 ° C. The Agarose after the reaction was washed three times with a cell extract preparation buffer 1003 to obtain an immunoprecipitate.
免疫沈降物 2 0 /x 1 に 5 /i g の M L C (米国、 Sigma社製) と 1 0 μ C i の [ γ - 32P]ATP (英国、 Amersham社製)を含む 5 0 m T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 0 ) , 1 0 m M M g C 1 2 , 3 mM M n C l 2力 らなる燐酸化バ ッ フ ァー 2 0 μ 1 を加え、 3 0 °Cで 1 5分間保温し燐酸化反応を促進した。 次に Laemml i samp 1 e buiie r (日本国、 TEFCO社製)を 2 0 1 加え、 9 4 °Cで 5分間処理し燐酸化反応を停止 した。 4〜 2 0 %グラジェン トポ リ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル(日本国、 TEFC0社 製)を用い S D Sポリ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル電気泳動にて反応 後の蛋白質を展開 し、 ゲルを乾固 してォー ト ラジオグラフィ 一に付した。 その後 M y c — D R A K 2、 M y c - D R AK 2 1 - 3 1 5 , M y C - D R A K 2 1 — 2 9 3である約 4 6 k D a , 約 4 1 k D a , 約 3 8 k D a の蛋白質の黒化度、 又は M L Cである約 2 1 k D a の蛋白質の黒化度を測定し、 自 己燐酸化活性又は M L Cに対する燐酸化活性を検出 した。 その結果を図 7 ( b ) の上段に示した。 図 7 ( b ) の上段に 示すよ う に、 D R A K 2の燐酸化酵素領域よ リ C末側の欠損 長に応じて 自 己並びに M L Cに対する燐酸化酵素活性が増強 した。 この結果は、 D R A K 2の C末側、 特に配列番号 6の 2 9 4番目から 3 1 5番目 の領域に、 燐酸化酵素活性を調節 する領域が存在する こ と を示唆している。 Immunoprecipitates 2 0 / x 1 to 5 / ig of MLC (US, Sigma Co.) and 1 0 mu of C i [γ - 32 P] ATP ( UK, Amersham Corp.) 5 0 m T ris including - HC 1 (p H 7. 0 ), 1 0 m MM g C 1 2, 3 mM M n C l 2 force Ranaru phosphate birch Tsu off § over 2 0 mu 1 was added 1 3 0 ° C 5 The mixture was kept warm for one minute to accelerate the phosphorylation reaction. Next, Laemml i samp 1 e buiie r (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan) In addition, the phosphorylation reaction was stopped by treating at 94 ° C for 5 minutes. The protein after reaction is developed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using 4-20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), and the gel is evaporated to dryness. The radiography was attached. Then Myc — DRAK 2, Myc-DRAK2 1-315, MyC-DRAK2 1 — 293, about 46 kDa, about 41 kDa, about 38 k The degree of blackening of the Da protein or the degree of blackening of the MLC protein of about 21 kDa was measured to detect autophosphorylation activity or phosphorylation activity against MLC. The results are shown in the upper part of Fig. 7 (b). As shown in the upper part of FIG. 7 (b), the phosphorylase activity on self and MLC was enhanced according to the length of the deletion at the C-terminal side of the phosphorylase region of DRAK2. This result suggests that the C-terminal side of DRAK2, particularly the region from the 294th position to the 315th position of SEQ ID NO: 6, has a region that regulates the activity of phosphorylase.
参考例 1 Reference example 1
(ヒ ト T r a d遺伝子のク ローニング)  (Cloning of human Trad gene)
ヒ ト DAP kinase [Genes Dev.9: 15-30 ( 1995) ] の塩基酉己歹 U を用いて、 E S Tデータベース (GenBankリ リ ース)を 「DAP k i n a s e」 でキーワー ド検索したと ころ、 ヒ ト DAP k i n a s eの配 列と相同性の高いヒ ト 由来のク ローンが発見された。 得られ た 5 6個の E S T断片情報から、 本発明者らが既に 1 9 9 7 年免疫学会総会で報告した ZIP kinase [Kawa i, T. ら, Moし Ce 1 1.Bio 1. , 18: 1642 ( 1998) ] と相同性の高い E S T配列を除き、 残り の E S T断片のグループ化を行った。 グループ化された 数種類の E S T断片を増幅し以下のク ロ ー二ング操作に用い た。 E S T R 1 9 7 7 2 の塩基配列情報を基に、 配列番 号 3 1 及び 3 2 に記載の合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドを作成し、 ヒ ト胎盤の c D N Aライブラ リ ー(米国、 CL0NTECH社製)を材 料【こ して P C R (Po 1 yme r a s e chain r e a c t i on)を行 ヽ、 R l 9 7 7 2の 6番目から 3 0 4番目 の塩基の間の配列を増幅し た。 P C Rは T a qポリ メ ラーゼ(日本国、 TaKaRa社製)を用 い、 9 4 °C 3 0秒、 5 6 °C 3 0秒、 7 2 °C 1 分を 3 0サイ ク ル、 7 2 °C 1 0分を 1 サイ クル行った。 この P C R産物の一 部を 1 . 0 %ァガロース · ゲル中で電気泳動し、 ェチジゥム ブロマイ ド (日本国、 日本ジーン社製) にて染色後、 紫外線 照射下で約 3 0 0 b P の c D N Aが増幅されている こ と を確 認した。 このバン ドをゲルから切 リ 出し、 W i z a r d (米国、 Pro mega社製)で精製後、 TA c loningキッ ト (米国、 Novagen社製) を用いク ロ一ユングした。 When the EST database (GenBank release) was keyword-searched for “DAP kinase” using the base of human DAP kinase [Genes Dev. 9: 15-30 (1995)], A clone derived from human with high homology to the DAP kinase sequence was found. Based on the information of 56 obtained EST fragments, the ZIP kinase [Kawai, T. et al., Mo Shi Ce 1. Bio 1. : 1642 (1998)], except for the EST sequences with high homology to the remaining EST fragments. Several types of EST fragments that were grouped were amplified and used in the following cloning operation. Based on the nucleotide sequence information of ESTR19772, the synthetic oligonucleotides shown in SEQ ID NOS: 31 and 32 were prepared and a human placenta cDNA library (CL0NTECH, USA) Was used to perform PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) to amplify the sequence between the 6th and 304th bases of RI9772. PCR was performed using Taq polymerase (TaKaRa, Japan), 30 cycles of 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 56 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 1 minute. One cycle of ° C was performed for 10 minutes. A portion of this PCR product was electrophoresed in a 1.0% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide (manufactured by Nippon Gene, Japan), and irradiated with ultraviolet light to a DNA of approximately 300 bP. It was confirmed that was amplified. Cut this band from the gel and use Wizard (Pro, USA) After purification with a megacloning), the clone was cloned using a TA cloning kit (Novagen, USA).
ベク ターと して PT7B 1 ue (米国、 Novagen社製、 以下 T - vecto rとい う)を用い、 ベク ターと先の D N Aと をそのモル比が 1 : 3 となるよ う に混合し、 Ligat ion k i t (日本国、 TaKaRa社製) を用いてべク ターに D N Aを組み込んだ。 D N Aが組み込ま れたベク ター T- vectorを大腸菌 D H 5 a (日本国、 T0Y0B0社 製)に遺伝子導入し、 ア ンピシ リ ン(米国、 Sigma社製)を 5 0 g Z m l と X— g a l ( 日本国、 ナカライ社製) 2 0 0 μ g /m 1 含む L一 B r o t h (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)半固型培 地のプ レー トに蒔き、 1 2 時間程度 3 7 °Cに放置した。 現れ てきた白いコ ロニーを無作為選択し、 同濃度のアンピシリ ン を含む L一 B r 0 t h液体培地 2 m 1 に植え付け、 8 時間程 度 3 7 °Cで振と う培養した。 その後、 菌体を回収し、 ウイザ 一ドミ ニプレップ(米国、 Promega社製)を用いて添付の説明 書に従ってプラス ミ ドを分離し、 こ のプラス ミ ドを制限酵素 E c 0 R I (日本国、 T0Y0B0社製) と制限酵素 S a 1 I (日本 国、 T0Y0B0社製)にて消化した。 約 3 0 0 b p の D N Aが切 リ 出されてく るこ と で上記の P C R産物がベク ターに組み込 まれているこ と を確認した。 P C R産物の保持が確認された ク ローンについて、 組み込まれている c D N Aの塩基配列を 決定した。  Using PT7B 1 ue (T-vector, manufactured by Novagen, USA) as a vector, the vector and the DNA were mixed so that the molar ratio thereof was 1: 3, and Ligat was used. DNA was incorporated into the vector using an ion kit (TaKaRa, Japan). The vector T-vector incorporating the DNA was transfected into Escherichia coli DH5a (manufactured by T0Y0B0, Japan), and ampicillin (manufactured by Sigma, USA) was added to 50 g Zml and X-gal ( L-Broth (manufactured by Nakarai Co., Ltd., Japan) containing 200 μg / m1 Seed on a semi-solid medium plate (manufactured by TaKaRa, Japan) and left at 37 ° C for about 12 hours did. The white colonies that appeared were randomly selected, inoculated in 2 ml of L-Br0th liquid medium containing the same concentration of ampicillin, and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C for about 8 hours. Thereafter, the cells were collected, the plasmid was isolated using Withomid prep (Promega, USA) according to the attached instructions, and the plasmid was separated with the restriction enzyme Ec0RI (Japan, Japan). (T0Y0B0) and restriction enzyme Sa1I (T0Y0B0, Japan). Approximately 300 bp of DNA was excised, confirming that the above PCR product was incorporated into the vector. The nucleotide sequence of the incorporated cDNA was determined for the clone in which the retention of the PCR product was confirmed.
揷入 c D N A断片の塩基配列の決定は、 米国、 Appl ied Bi 0 systems社製の蛍光シークェンサ一を用いて実施した。 シー クエンスサンプルの調製は PRISM, Ready React ion Dye TermThe nucleotide sequence of the imported cDNA fragment is determined by the Applied Bi The measurement was performed using a fluorescent sequencer manufactured by O. Systems. Sequence samples are prepared using PRISM, Ready Reaction Dye Term
1 n a t o r Cycle Sequencing Kit (米国、 Appl ied Biosystems社 製)を用いて行なった。 0. 2 m 1 容のマイ ク ロチューブに 1 0. Ο μ ΐ の反応ス ト ッ ク液、 2 . 0 1 の 1 . 6 p m o 1 / μ 1 の Τ 7プロ モータープライマー(米国、 GIBCO BRL社 製)および 8 . 0 1 の 0. l O g Z l のシーク ェンス 用铸型 D N Aを加えて混合し、 9 6 °C 1 0秒、 5 0 °C 5秒お よび 6 0 °C 4分を 1 サイ クルとする P C R増幅反応を 2 5 サイ クル行ない、 4 °Cで 5分間保温した。 反応後、 2 . 0 μ 1 の 3 Μ酢酸ナ ト リ ウム ( Ρ Η 5 . 2 ) および 5 0 1 のェ タノールを加えて攪拌後、 室温で 1 5分放置し、 1 4, 0 0 0 r p mにて 1 5分間の遠心を行ない沈殿を回収した。 沈殿 を 7 0 %エタ ノ ールで洗浄後、 真空下に 2分間静置して乾燥 させ、 シークェンス用サンプルと した。 シークェンスサンブ ルは、 6 . 0 1 の 1 0 mMの E D T Aを含むホノレムア ミ ド に溶解して 9 0 C 2分間で変性後、 氷中で冷却し、 変性した サンプル 2 . 0 1 をシークェンス に供 した。 This was performed using a 1nator Cycle Sequencing Kit (manufactured by Applied Biosystems, USA). 0.2 μl microcentrifuge microtubes with 10. Ομ 反 応 reaction stock solution and 2.01 1.6 pmo 1 / μ1 Τ7 promoter primer (GIBCO BRL, USA) ) And 8.01 of 0.1 l OgZl DNA for sequencing are added and mixed, and placed at 96 ° C for 10 seconds, 50 ° C for 5 seconds and 60 ° C for 4 minutes. The PCR amplification reaction was performed for 25 cycles, and the temperature was kept at 4 ° C for 5 minutes. After the reaction, 2.0 μl of sodium triacetate (Ρ5.2) and 501 of ethanol were added, and the mixture was stirred and left at room temperature for 15 minutes. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation at rpm for 15 minutes. After the precipitate was washed with 70% ethanol, it was left standing under vacuum for 2 minutes and dried to obtain a sample for sequence. The sequence sample was dissolved in 6.01 honolemamide containing 10 mM EDTA, denatured at 90 C for 2 minutes, cooled on ice, and the denatured sample 2.01 was subjected to sequence. did.
6個のク ローンについて D N A配列決定を行ったと ころ、 全てのク ローンが結果的に、 配列番号 2 8 の D N A配列の 3 2 9 5番目カゝら 3 5 5 7番目 に対応する配列を有していた (両端のプライマーの配列を含まない) 。  When DNA sequencing was performed on six clones, all clones consequently had a sequence corresponding to the 395th to 357th positions of the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28. (Not including the sequences of the primers at both ends).
次に上記ク ローンをプローブにして、 ヒ ト骨格筋の ; I g t 1 1 c D N Aライブラ リ 一にて全長 c D N Aを持ったク ロー ンの検索を行った。 5 X 1 0 5個相当のプラーク を Molecular Cloning, A la oratory manual, 1989, Eds. ,i>ambrook, J. , b : Cold Spr ing Harbor Laboratory Press, Immobi l izat ion of bacter iophage λ plaques on ni t roce l lulose f i l ter ίこ従 いプレー ト し、 出現したプラーク をナイ ロ ンフィルター(col ony/p 1 aque sere en,米国、 NEN社製)に転写し、 転写したナイ ロ ンフ イ ノレターをアルカ リ 処理( 1 . 5 M N a C 1 , 0 . 5 M N a O Hを染み込ませた濾紙上に 5分間放置) し、 次 いで中和処理 [ 1 . 5 M N a C 1 , 0 . 5 M T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 5 )を染み込ませた濾紙上に 5分間放置] を 2 回行い、 次に 2 X S S C溶液 ( 1 X S S C溶液は 0 . 1 5 M N a C l 、 1 5 mM クェン酸 p H 7 . 0 ) 中で 5分 間洗浄し風乾した。 このフ ィ ルターを用い、 放射性同位元素 32 Pにて標識された上記ク ローンをプローブにしてハイプリ ダイゼーシ ヨ ンを行った。 Next, using the clone as a probe, I gt of human skeletal muscle A clone having the full-length cDNA was searched in the 11 cDNA library. 5 X 10 5 plaques were collected by Molecular Cloning, Ala oratory manual, 1989, Eds. The resulting plaque is transferred to a nylon filter (colony / p1aque sereen, manufactured by NEN, USA), and the transferred nylon foil letter is transferred. Alkaline treatment (leave on filter paper impregnated with 1.5 MNaCl, 0.5 MNaOH for 5 minutes), and then neutralize [1.5 MNaC1, 0.5 MTris -Leave on a filter paper impregnated with HC1 (pH 7.5) for 5 minutes] twice, and then add 2 XSSC solution (1 XSSC solution is 0.15 MNaCl, 15 mM citrate) Washed in pH 7.0) for 5 minutes and air-dried. Using this filter, hybridization was performed using the above clone labeled with 32 P as a probe.
放射性同位元素32 Pにて標識されたプローブは以下のよ う に作製した。 R 1 9 7 7 2 の 6番目 から 3 0 4番目の塩基配 列を、 この配列が組み込まれたベク ター Τ-ν e c rよ り 、 制限 酵素 E c o R I (日本国、 TOYOBO社製) と制限酵素 S a 1 I ( 日本国、 TOYOBO社製)にて切 リ 出 し、 1 . 0 %ァガロース ' ゲル中で電気泳動を行った。 ェチジゥムブ口マイ ド (日本国、 日本ジーン社製) にて染色後、 紫外線下で観察し、 約 3 0 0 b p のバン ドをゲルから切 り 出 して W i z a r d (米国、 P r ome g a社 製)を用いて精製した。 得られた D N A断片を D N Aラベリ ングキ ッ 卜 (Megaprime DNA la el ing system: 国、 Amersha m社製)を用いて標識した。 D N A 1 0〜 5 0 n g / ju l に プライ マー液 5 μ 1 及ぴ脱イオン水を加えて全量を 3 3 μ 1 と し、 沸騰水浴を 5分間行い、 その後、 5 Χ反応液 l O l , [ a - 32P]dCTP (英国、 Amersham社製) 5 / 1, 及び K 1 e n o w 酵素溶液(日本国、 T0Y0B0社製) 2 μ 1 を加えて、 3 7 °Cで 1 0分間水浴し、 放射標識した R 1 9 7 7 2 の D N A断片を合 成した。 更にその後、 セフアデックスカラム(ProbeQuant G- 50 Micro co lumns:フアルマシア社)で D N A断片を精製し、 5分間沸騰水浴を したのち、 2分間氷冷してプローブと した。 上記の方法にて作製したフィルターを、 各々 の成分の最終 濃度が 6倍濃度の S S C溶液、 5倍濃度のデンハル ト液 (日 本国、 和光純薬社製) 、 1 % S D S (日本国、 和光純薬社製) 、 及び l O O g /m l の沸騰水浴にょ リ変性したサケ精子 D N A (米国、 Sigma社製)を含むハイブリ ダイゼーショ ン液 中に浸し、 6 5 °Cにて 0 . 5 から 1 時間振と う した。 次に32 P標識されたプローブをハイブリ ダイゼーシ ョ ン液に添加し、 6 5 °Cにて 1 6 時間振と う し、 ハイブ リ ダィゼーショ ンを行 つた。 The probe labeled with the radioactive isotope 32 P was prepared as follows. The 6th to 304th base sequence of R19772 is restricted to EcoRI (Toyobo, Japan) by the vector ベ -νecr in which this sequence is incorporated. The cells were cut out with the enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by TOYOBO, Japan) and electrophoresed in a 1.0% agarose 'gel. After staining with Etchizumbu Mide (Made in Japan, Nippon Gene Co., Ltd.), the cells were observed under ultraviolet light to obtain about 300 The bp band was cut out from the gel and purified using Wizard (produced by Promega, USA). The obtained DNA fragment was labeled using a DNA labeling kit (Megaprime DNA labeling system: manufactured by Amersham Co., Ltd.). To 10 to 50 ng / jul of DNA, add 5 μl of primer solution and deionized water to bring the total volume to 33 μl, perform a boiling water bath for 5 minutes, and then add 5 μl of reaction solution. , [a - 32 P] dCTP ( UK, Amersham Corp.) 5/1, and K 1 Enow enzyme solution (Japan, T0Y0B0 companies, Ltd.) was added to 2 mu 1, and a water bath for 10 minutes at 3 7 ° C Then, a radiolabeled R19772 DNA fragment was synthesized. After that, the DNA fragment was purified using a Sephadex column (ProbeQuant G-50 Microcolumns: Pharmacia), and after boiling in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes, ice-cooling for 2 minutes to obtain a probe. The filter prepared by the above method was applied to a SSC solution with a final concentration of 6 times for each component, Denhardt's solution with 5 times the concentration (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Japan), 1% SDS (Japan, Japan). The product is immersed in a hybridization solution containing denatured salmon sperm DNA (manufactured by Sigma, USA) in a boiling water bath of 100 g / ml and a boiling water bath of 100 g / ml, and is immersed at 0.5 to 1 at 65 ° C. Shake time. Then added 32 P-labeled probe hybridized Daizeshi tio down liquid, to try O by shaking 1 6 h at 6 5 ° C, the hive re Dizesho down line ivy.
次に、 フィルタ一を 0 . 1 % S D S を含む、 各々の成分の 最終濃度が 2倍濃度の S S C溶液に浸し、 6 5でで 1 回洗浄 後、 さ らに 0 . 2倍濃度の S S C と 0 . 1 % S D S を含む洗 浄液にて 6 5 °C 3 0分の条件で 2 回洗浄した。 洗浄を終了し たフィルターを増感スク リ ーンを使用 して、 一 8 5 °Cでォー トラジオグラフィーを行った。 その結果、 強く 露光された部 分のク ローンを拾い、 再度プラーク を蒔き直し前述の方法に てス ク リ ーユングを 2 回行い、 完全に単独のク ローンを分離 した。 Next, filter each component, including 0.1% SDS, Immerse in SSC solution with a final concentration of 2x, wash once with 65, and then use a washing solution containing 0.2x SSC and 0.1% SDS at 65 ° C 30 Washed twice for 2 minutes. After washing, the filter was subjected to autoradiography at 185 ° C using a sensitizing screen. As a result, he picked up the strongly exposed portion of the clone, re-plated the plaque again, and screened twice as described above to completely separate the single clone.
Molecular Cloning, A la oratory manual, 1989 , Ed s . , S amb r o o k , J . , Fritsch,E.F. , and Maniat is,r., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Pressの 2.70, の方法に従い、 これらの ク ローンであるフ ァージを約 1 0 9 p f u (plaque forming u nit)調製し、 Wizard lambda p r e p s (米国、 P r ome g a社製)を用 いてフ ァージ D N Aを精製した。 精製した D N Aを、 制限酵 素 E c o R I (日本国、 TOYOBO社製)にて消化し、 同様に制限 酵素 E c o R I (日本国、 TOYOBO社製)で消化したプラス ミ ド pBluescript II KS( + ) (日本国、 Stratagene社製)に組み込ん だ。 これらのク ローンの D N A配列を D N Aシークェンサ一 によ リ解析して T r a dの全長配列を決定し、 配列番号 2 8 に記載した。 参考例 2 Molecular Cloning, A la oratory manual, 1989, Eds., Sambrook, J., Fritsch, EF, and Maniat is, r., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2.70, These clones. off Aji about 1 0 9 pfu (plaque forming u nit) was prepared, Wizard lambda preps (US, P r ome ga Co.) was purified use Itefu Aji DNA a. The purified DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI (manufactured by TOYOBO, Japan), and similarly, the plasmid pBluescript II KS (+) digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI (manufactured by TOYOBO, Japan) ) (Manufactured by Stratagene, Japan). The DNA sequence of these clones was analyzed by a DNA sequencer to determine the full-length sequence of Trad, and was described in SEQ ID NO: 28. Reference example 2
(ノザンハイブリ ダイゼーショ ン) T r a d の m R N A発現を調べるために、 Human Mul t ipl e Tissue Northern Blot (米国、 CLONTECH社製)を用いて、 ヒ ト T r a d の翻訳領域をプローブと してノ ザンハイブリ ダィ ゼーシ ヨ ンを行った。 プローブの放射標識は、 Me g a p r i me DN A label ing s y s t em (Ame r s h am社) と [ a — 32 P ] dCTP (Ame r s h am 社)を用いて行った。 フィルターの洗浄は、 2 X S S C , 0 . 1 % S D S , 室温下で 1 分間を 1 回、 2 X S S C, 0 . 1 % S D S 、 6 5 °Cで 3 0分間を 1 回、 さ らに、 0 . 2 X S S C , 0 . 1 % S D S 、 6 5 °Cで 3 0分間行った。 洗浄後、 オー ト ラジオグラフィ一によつてフ ィ ルムの黒化度を測定し、 T r a dの局在を判断した。 その結果を図 8 に示した。 図 8 に示 したよ う に、 T r a d は骨格筋のみに発現が認められた。 参考例 3 (Northern hybridization) To examine the mRNA expression of T rad, Northern Hybridization was performed using the Human T ile Tissue Northern Blot (manufactured by CLONTECH, USA) using the translation region of human T rad as a probe. went. Radiolabeled probes, Me gapri me DN A label ing syst em and (Ame rsh am Inc.) - were performed using [a 32 P] dCTP (Ame rsh am Inc.). Wash the filter once at 2 X SSC, 0.1% SDS, 1 minute at room temperature, 2 X SSC, 0.1% SDS, once at 65 ° C for 30 minutes, and 0.1 ml SDS. Performed at 2 XSSC, 0.1% SDS, 65 ° C for 30 minutes. After washing, the degree of blackening of the film was measured by autoradiography to determine the localization of Trad. Figure 8 shows the results. As shown in Fig. 8, Trad was expressed only in skeletal muscle. Reference example 3
(発現ベク ターの構築並びに形質転換体の作製)  (Construction of expression vector and preparation of transformant)
まず、 プラス ミ ド pBluescr ipt 11 KS( + ) (米国、 St ratagen e社製)の Not l s i teに組み込んだ T r a d c D N Aを铸型 と して、 F L A Gェピ トープを N末端側に付加 した T r a d を P C R法にょ リ増幅した。 増幅は、 Ampl i taq (米国、 パー キンエルマ一社製)を用い、 合成オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ドである 配列番号 3 3記載のセ ンスプライマーと、 配列番号 3 4記載 のアンチセンスプライマーを用いた。 P C Rは、 9 4 °C 1分 の後、 9 4 °C 3 0秒, 6 0 °C 3 0秒, 7 2 °C 1 分を 3 0サイ クル行い、 7 2 °C 1 0分行った。 増幅された P C R産物は、 T Aク ローニングキッ ト (米国、 Novagen社製)によ リ サブク ローニングし、 シーク ェンスによ リ変異が入っていないこ と を確認した。 次に先程作製した pBluescr ipt I I KS ( + )- hTrad と P C R産物を制限酵素 X b a I (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)で切 断し、 つなげる こ と で pBluescr i pt I I KS ( + ) - FLAG - hT r a dを 得た。 一方発現ベクター(pEFBOS) [Mi z ush ima, S. ら, Nuc 1 e i cFirst, the Tradc DNA integrated into Notlsite of plasmid pBluescr ipt 11 KS (+) (Stratagene, USA) was used as type II, and FLAG epitope was added to the N-terminal side. The rad was amplified by PCR. Amplification was performed using Amplitaq (manufactured by Perkin Elmer, Inc., USA), and a synthetic oligonucleotide, a sense primer described in SEQ ID NO: 33 and an antisense primer described in SEQ ID NO: 34, were used. . PCR was performed at 94 ° C for 1 minute, followed by 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 60 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 1 minute for 30 cycles. For 10 minutes at 72 ° C. The amplified PCR product was resubcloned with a TA cloning kit (manufactured by Novagen, USA), and it was confirmed that the sequence did not contain the mutation. Next, the pBluescript II KS (+)-FLAG was cut with the restriction enzyme XbaI (TaKaRa, Japan), and the pBluescript II KS (+)-hTrad and the PCR product were cut. -Obtained hT rad. On the other hand, an expression vector (pEFBOS) [Miz ush ima, S. et al., Nuc 1 eic
Ac ids Res. , 18 : 5322 ( 1990) ] を制限酵素 X b a I (日本国、 TaKaRa社製)で切断後、 Blunt ing ki t (日本国、 TaKaRa社製) で末端を平滑化し、 Sa i l l inkerを l igat ion ki t (日本国、 Ta KaRa社製)でつなげた。 得られたプラス ミ ドを制限酵素 S a 1 I (日本国、 TOYOBO社製)で切断し、 また、 先に調製した pB 1 u e s c r i p t I I KS ( + ) - F LAG- hT r a dも制限酵素 S a 1 I (日本国、 TOYOBO社製)で切断し、 両ベク ターをつなげるこ とで pEFBOS- FLAG - hTradを得た。 Acids Res., 18: 5322 (1990)], cut with restriction enzyme XbaI (TaKaRa, Japan), blunted with Blunting kit (TaKaRa, Japan), and blunted with Saill. Inker was connected with ligat ion kit (TaKaRa, Japan). The obtained plasmid is cleaved with a restriction enzyme Sa1I (manufactured by TOYOBO, Japan), and the previously prepared pB1uescript II KS (+)-FLAG-hTrad is also cleaved with the restriction enzyme Sa1I. It was cut with 1 I (manufactured by TOYOBO, Japan) and pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad was obtained by connecting both vectors.
次に 1 0 1 6番目 の リ ジンをァラニンに置換した燐酸化酵 素欠失型の変異体(TradK1016A)を、 配列番号 3 5記載の合成 オリ ゴヌ ク レオチ ド と 、 米国、 CL0NTECH社製 Trans f ormer Si t e— Di rected Mutagenes i s Ki tを用レヽ 、 添付のプロ ト コ一ノレ に従って作製し、 pEFBOS- FLAG- hTradK1016Aを得た。  Next, a phosphorylase-deficient mutant (TradK1016A) in which the 106th lysine was substituted with alanine was synthesized with CL0NTECH, USA, using the synthetic oligonucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 35. Transformer Site—Di rected Mutagenes is Kit was prepared according to the protocol described in the attached, and pEFBOS-FLAG-hTradK1016A was obtained.
さ らに、 作製した発現ベク ター(PEFBOS- FLAG - hTrad, pEFBO S-FLAG-hTradK1016A)を大腸菌 D H 5 a (日本国、 TOYOBO社製) に導入し、 形質転換体を得た。 本発明の T r a d の全ア ミ ノ酸配列をコー ドする c D N A を含むプラ ス ミ ド pEFBOS- FLAG- hTradを大腸菌 D H 5 α に遺 伝子導入した形質転換細胞 E. co 1 i :DH5 α - ρ EFBOS- FLAG- hT r a d は、 日本国通商産業省工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所に 平成 1 0年 3 月 1 9 日 に受託番号 : F E RM B P— 6 3 0 1 と して国際寄託した。 Furthermore, the prepared expression vector (PEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad, pEFBOS-FLAG-hTradK1016A) was introduced into Escherichia coli DH5a (manufactured by TOYOBO, Japan) to obtain a transformant. A transformed cell E.co1i: DH5 in which a plasmid pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad containing cDNA encoding the entire amino acid sequence of Trad of the present invention was introduced into Escherichia coli DH5α. α-ρ EFBOS-FLAG- hT rad was submitted to the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan at the Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology, on March 19, 1999 under the accession number: FE RM BP—6301. International deposit.
参考例 4 Reference example 4
( T r a d の発現確認)  (Confirmation of Trad expression)
野生型 T r a d (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad) , 燐酸化酵素活性欠 失型 3(11(1016 £?803-?1^0-11^ 3(111016 )、 及び対照(pEFB OSmock)をそれぞれ C O S _ 7細胞(ATCC番号 CRい 1651 )に リ ポフ ク ショ ン法(米国、 M i r u s社製)に則 り 一過的に導入し た。 3 6 時間後、 0 . 5 % N P — 4 0 , 1 0 mM T r i s - H C 1 ( p H 7 . 5 ) , 1 5 0 mM N a C l 力 らなる 5 0 0 μ 1 の細胞抽出液調製バ ッ フ ァ一にて細胞を可溶化し、 細胞抽出液を調製した。 こ の細胞抽出液 2 0 μ 1 に L a emm 1 i sample buf f er (日本国、 TEFCO社製) 2 0 μ 1 を加え、 9 4 °C で 5分間処理し、 4〜 2 0 %グラ ジェン トポリ アク リ ルアミ ドゲル(日本国、 TEFC0社製)を用いた S D S ポリ アク リルァ ミ ドゲル電気泳動にて展開後、 ニ ト ロセルロース フ ィ ルター (Hybond ECL,英国、 Ame r s h am社製)に転写した。 転写後のフ ィルターを 5 %ス キム ミ ルク (米国、 DIFC0社製)/ T B S — 0 . 5 % T w e e n 2 0でブロ ック した。 フィルターに抗 F L A G抗体 (米国、 コダック社製) を反応させ、 次に二次抗体 と して H R P標識ヒ ッジ抗マウフ ァルス抗体(英国、 Amersha m社製)を結合させ、 T B S — 0 . 5 % T w e e n 2 0 で洗 浄後、 Rena i ssance (米国、 DuPon t社製)を用いて X線フ ィ ル ムに感光させ、 発現蛋白質の分子量を決定した。 図 9 の下段 に示すよ う に、 野生型 T r a d と燐酸化酵素活性欠失型 T r a d K 1 0 1 6 Aの分子量は約 1 5 O k D a であった 参考例 5 Wild-type T rad (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad), phosphatase deficient 3 (11 (1016 £? 803-? 1 ^ 0-11 ^ 3 (111016)), and control (pEFB OSmock) were used as COS _ Transiently transfected into 7 cells (ATCC No. CR-1651) according to the lipofection method (Mirus, USA) After 36 hours, 0.5% NP — 40,1 Cells were solubilized in a 500 μl cell extract preparation buffer consisting of 0 mM Tris-HC1 (pH 7.5) and 150 mM NaCl, To this cell extract (20 μl) was added 20 μl of Laemm1 i sample buffer (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan), and the mixture was treated at 94 ° C. for 5 minutes. After developing by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using 4 to 20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), a nitrocellulose filter (Hybond ECL, Ame, UK) rsh am) 5% skim filter after transfer Milk (DIFC0, USA) / TBS-Blocked with 0.5% Tween 20. The filter was reacted with anti-FLAG antibody (Kodak, USA) and then used as a secondary antibody. HRP-labeled anti-mouse antibody (manufactured by Amersham, UK) is bound, washed with TBS-0.5% Tween 20, and then washed using Renaissance (manufactured by DuPont, USA). After exposure to an X-ray film, the molecular weight of the expressed protein was determined, as shown in the lower part of Fig. 9. Wild-type Trad and phosphorylase-deficient Tr The molecular weight of ad K1016A was about 15 OkDa.
( T r a d の自 己燐酸化活性の確認)  (Confirmation of self-phosphorylation activity of Trad)
T r a d の燐酸化酵素 ドメ イ ン (配列番号 2 9 の 9 8 7か ら 1 2 4 1 番目) は、 カルモジュ リ ン依存性燐酸化酵素族(C aM kinase f am i 1 y) と の高い相同性を有し、 先に述べた DAP k i n a s eと T r a d のア ミ ノ酸配列の比較において燐酸化酵素 ドメ イ ンが T r a d には保存されている こ とが判明 した (図 1 0 を参照) 。 そこで T r a dの燐酸化酵素活性を直接確認 した。 野生型 F L A G— T r a d (p EFBOS-FLAG-hT r a d)、 憐酸ィ匕酵素活十生欠失型1?1^6—1^ 3(111016八 £?803 ?丄八0— 111^ 3(11( 1016A)、 及び対照 V e c t o r (pEFBOSmock)をそれぞれ C〇 S - 7細胞(ATCC番号 CRい 1651)に リ ポフエク シヨ ン法(米国、 Mirus社製)に則 り 一過的に導入した。 3 6 時間後、 0 . 5 %The rad phosphorylase domain (SEQ ID NO: 29, 987 to 1241) is highly associated with the calmodulin-dependent phosphorylase family (Cam kinase family). Compared to the amino acid sequences of DAP kinase and T rad, which have homology, it was found that the phosphatase domain was conserved in T rad (see Figure 10). ). Therefore, the phosphatase activity of Trad was directly confirmed. Wild-type FLAG- T rad (p EFBOS-FLAG -hT rad),憐酸I匕酵Motokatsu ten students deletion type 1? 1 ^ 6-1 ^ 3 (111,016 eight £? 803?丄eight 0- 111 ^ 3 (11 (1016A) and control vector (pEFBOSmock) were transiently transfected into C -S-7 cells (ATCC No. CR-1651) according to the lipofection method (Mirus, USA). After 36 hours, 0.5%
N P — 4 0, 1 0 mM T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 5 ) 1 5 0 mM N a C 1 からなる 5 0 0 ^ 1 の細胞抽出液調製 バッファ一にて細胞を可溶化し、 細胞抽出液を調製した。 次 に細胞抽出液から定法に従い、 1 0 0 μ 1 の細胞抽出液に 5 0 μ 1 の Protein G agarose beads (ス ウェーデン国、 フ ァ ノレ マシア社製)で非特異吸着蛋白質除去処理を 2回行った。 予 め l /x g の抗 F L A G抗体(米国、 コ ダック社製) と 5 0 1 の Protein G agarose beads (ス ウェーデン国、 フ ァノレマシア 社製)を結合させておき 、 非特異吸着蛋白質除去処理を行つ た細胞抽出液 5 0 μ 1 と抗体を結合させた beads l 0 μ 1 を 4 °Cで終夜反応させた。 反応後の beadsを細胞抽出液調製バ ッ フ ァ ー 1 0 0 j 1 で 3 回洗浄し、 免疫沈降物を調製した。 免疫沈降物 2 0 μ 1 に 5 0 mM T r i s _ H C l ( p H 7 . 0 ) , l O mM M g C 1 2 , 3 m M M n C l 2からなる燐 酸化バ ッ フ ァー 2 0 μ 1 と 1 0 μ C i の [ γ— 32P]ATP (英国、 Amersham社製)を加え、 3 0 °Cで 1 5分間保温して燐酸化反 応を促進した。 その後 Laemml i samp le buf fer (日本国、 TEFC 0社製)を 2 0 μ 1 加え、 9 4 °Cで 5分間処理する こ と によ り 燐酸化反応を停止した。 4〜 2 0 %グラジェン トポリ ァク リ ルア ミ ドゲル(日本国、 TEFCO社製)を用い、 反応後の蛋白質 を S D Sポリ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル電気泳動にて展開した。 ゲ ルを乾固し、 T r a dである約 1 5 O k D a の蛋白質の自己 燐酸化度をォー ト ラ ジオグラフィーによるフ ィ ルムの黒化度 を測定して決定した。 この結果を図 9 の上段に示した。 参考例 6 NP — 40, 10 mM Tris — HC 1 (pH 7.5) Preparation of 50,000 ^ 1 cell extract solution of 150 mM NaC 1 A cell extract was prepared. Next, 100 μl of the cell extract was treated twice with 50 μl of Protein G agarose beads (manufactured by FANORE Masia, Sweden) according to a standard method from the cell extract to remove nonspecifically adsorbed proteins twice. went. Preliminary l / xg anti-FLAG antibody (Kodak, USA) and 501 Protein G agarose beads (Fanoremasia, Sweden) Was bound, and 50 μl of the cell extract subjected to the non-specifically adsorbed protein removal treatment and beads 1 μl bound with the antibody were reacted at 4 ° C. overnight. After the reaction, the beads were washed three times with a cell extract preparation buffer 100 j1 to prepare an immunoprecipitate. Phosphorylated buffer 2 consisting of 50 mM Tris_HCl (pH 7.0), 10 mM MgCl 2, and 3 mM MMnCl2 in 20 μl of immunoprecipitate 0 mu 1 and the 1 0 μ C i [γ- 32 P] ATP ( UK, Amersham Corp.) was added and promote phosphorylation reaction was incubated for 15 minutes at 3 0 ° C. Thereafter, 20 μl of Laemml sample le buf fer (manufactured by TEFC 0, Japan) was added, and the mixture was treated at 94 ° C. for 5 minutes to stop the phosphorylation reaction. Using a 4 to 20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan), the reacted protein was developed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gel was dried and the degree of autophosphorylation of the protein of about 15 OkDa, which is T rad, was determined by measuring the degree of blackening of the film by autoradiography. The results are shown in the upper part of FIG. Reference example 6
(ヒ ト T r a d蛋白質の細胞内局在性の確認)  (Confirmation of intracellular localization of human Trad protein)
ラブテックチャ ンバ一(米国、 NUNC社製)で培養した 1 X 1 0 3個の C O S — 7細胞(ATCC番号 CRL- 1651)に、 野生型ヒ ト T r a d (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad) 1 0 μ g を リ ポフ エ ク シ ヨ ン 法(米国、 Mi rus社製)を用い一過的に導入した。 4 8 時間後、 P B S (― ) で 2 回洗浄し、 4 °C条件下で 3 % paraformald ehyde (米国、 ナカライネ土製), 0 . 3 % Tr i ton- X 100 (米国、 ナカライ社製)からなる固定液で細胞を 5分間固定した。 そ の後 P B S (—) で 3 回洗浄し、 3 % B S A (米国、 SIGMA 社製)を含む P B S (—) で室温条件下で 6 0分間ブロ ッキ ングを行った。 次に l O iU g Zm l の抗 F L A G抗体 (米国、 コダッ ク社製) 及び 3 % B S Aを含む P B S (―) を用レヽ 6 0分間室温にて 1 次染色を行い、 P B S (—) で 3 回洗浄 後、 1 0 /i g Zm l F I T C結合ヒ ッジ抗マ ウス抗体(米 国、 Bio Source Internat ional Inc. -T ago Products 社製) 及び 2· un i t s /m 1の r ho d am i n p h a 11 o i d i n (米国、 Molecular P r obes社)を含む P B S (―) を用いて室温条件下で 3 0分間 の 2次染色を行った。 その後 P B S (― ) で 3 回洗浄を行い、 顕微鏡観察用のサンプルを準備した。 Love Tech tea Nba one (the United States, manufactured by NUNC, Inc.) 1 X 1 0 3 pieces of COS were cultured in - 7 cells (ATCC number CRL- 1651), wild-type human T rad (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad ) 1 0 μg was transiently introduced using the lipofection method (Mirus, USA). 4 8 hours later, After washing twice with PBS (-), cells are fixed with a fixative consisting of 3% paraformald ehyde (Nacalai earth, USA) and 0.3% Triton-X100 (Nacalai, USA) at 4 ° C. Was fixed for 5 minutes. Then, the cells were washed three times with PBS (-), and then blocked with PBS (-) containing 3% BSA (SIGMA, USA) at room temperature for 60 minutes. Next, primary staining was carried out at room temperature for 60 minutes using lO iUg Zml anti-FLAG antibody (manufactured by Kodak Company, USA) and PBS (-) containing 3% BSA. After washing three times, 10 / ig Zml FITC-conjugated anti-mouse antibody (manufactured by Bio Source International Inc.-T ago Products, USA) and 2 · un its / m 1 rhod am Secondary staining was performed for 30 minutes at room temperature using PBS (-) containing inpha 11 oidin (Molecular Probes, USA). Thereafter, washing was performed three times with PBS (-) to prepare a sample for microscopic observation.
顕微鏡観察には A X 8 0 ( 日本国、 ォリ ンパス社製) を用 い、 ヒ ト T r a d の検出には F I T Cを検出する励起波長 4 7 0〜 4 9 0 n m、 検出波長 5 1 5〜 5 5 0 n mのフ イ ノレタ 一をそれぞれ用いた。 また、 細胞質蛋白質の検出には rhodam inを検出する励起波長 5 2 0〜 5 5 0 n m、 検出波長 5 8 0 n m以上のフィルターをそれぞれ用いた。  AX80 (Olympus, Japan) was used for microscopic observation, and the excitation wavelength for detecting FITC was 470-490 nm and the detection wavelength was 515- A 550 nm finalizer was used. For the detection of cytoplasmic proteins, a filter having an excitation wavelength of 52 to 550 nm for detecting rhodamin and a detection wavelength of 580 nm or more was used.
観察の結果を図 1 2 に示した。 図 1 2 に示すよ う に、 ヒ ト T r a d蛋白 と細胞質蛋白の細胞内分布が一致する事が明 ら かとなつた。 参考例 7 The results of the observation are shown in FIG. As shown in Fig. 12, it was clarified that the intracellular distributions of the human Trad protein and the cytoplasmic protein coincided. Reference Example 7
( T r a d蛋白質を認識する抗体の作製)  (Preparation of antibody that recognizes Trad protein)
配列番号 2 9 の 1 番目の Met力 ら 2 1番目 の Cysまで、 1 7 7番目 の Aspから 2 0 7番目の Cysまで、 更に 1 2 6 0番目 の Cysから 1 2 8 9番目の Thrまでのペプチ ドをそれぞれ合成し 免疫原と した。 等量のぺプチ ドをそれぞれゥサギに免疫して 抗体価を測定した。 その後、 全血の採血を行い、 血清を採取 して、 米国、 Bio- R ad社製のェコ ノパック血清 I g G精製キ ッ トを用い、 添付の取扱い説明書に従って抗ヒ ト T r a d蛋 白質ゥサギポリ ク ローナル抗体を精製した。  From the first Met force of SEQ ID NO: 29 to the 21st Cys, from the 177th Asp to the 207th Cys, and further from the 126th Cys to the 289th Thr Each of these peptides was synthesized and used as an immunogen. Equal amounts of the peptide were immunized to each heron, and the antibody titer was measured. Thereafter, whole blood is collected, and serum is collected. Using an Econopack serum IgG purification kit manufactured by Bio-Rad, USA, an anti-human trade protein is prepared according to the attached instruction manual. White matter egret polyclonal antibody was purified.
上記のペプチ ド合成は、 F m o c 固相合成法 [新生化学実 験講座 1 · タ ンパク質 V I 合成及び発現、 東京化学同人発行 (Japan) ] にて行ない、 得られた合成ペプチ ド 2 m g を等量 のキヤ リ ア蛋白質 K L H (keyho le_l impet hemocyani) (米国、 PIERCE社製) とマ レイ ミ ド法にてコ ンジュゲー ト し、 抗原と して使用 した。 約 2 . 5 k g のゥサギ 1 羽(NZW種、 日本国、 日本 SLE社製)に 0 . 5 m g の抗原を背部皮下投与し、 その 2 1 日後、 4 2 日後および 6 3 日後にもそれぞれ等量の抗原を 同様に投与した。 最初の投与から 7 3 日 目 にゥサギよ リ血液 を麻酔下頸動脈採血にょ リ採取後、 血清を分離し、 抗血清と した。 参考例 8 The peptide synthesis described above was performed by the Fmoc solid-phase synthesis method [Shinsei Kagaku Lecture Course 1 ・ Protein VI synthesis and expression, published by Tokyo Chemical Dojin (Japan)], and 2 mg of the obtained synthetic peptide was used. An equivalent amount of the carrier protein KLH (keyhole_l impet hemocyani) (manufactured by PIERCE, USA) was conjugated by the maleimide method and used as an antigen. One 2.5 kg heron (NZW, Japan, SLE, Japan) was administered 0.5 mg of the antigen subcutaneously on the back, and then at 21, 42, and 63 days after that. The same amount of antigen was administered. Seventy-three days after the first administration, blood was collected from rabbits under anesthesia for carotid blood sampling, and the serum was separated and used as antiserum. Reference Example 8
( T r a d に作用する化合物のス ク リ ーニング)  (Screening of compounds acting on Trad)
T r a d の自 己燐酸化酵素活性を指標と し、 骨格筋機能制 御活性を示す化合物のス ク リ ーニ ングを行った。  Screening of compounds showing skeletal muscle function control activity was performed using the autophosphorylase activity of Trad as an index.
( 1 ) 野生型 T r a dの調製  (1) Preparation of wild-type Trad
野生型 T r a d (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTr ad)を C O S — 7細胞(AT CC番号 CRい 1651)に リ ポフ ク シヨ ン法(米国、 Mi rus社製)に 則リー過的に導入した。 3 6 時間後、 0 . 5 % N P — 4 0, 1 0 m M T r i s — H C 1 ( p H 7 . 5 ) , 1 5 0 m M N a C 1 力 らなる 5 0 0 μ 1 の細胞抽出液調製バ ッ フ ァーに て細胞を可溶化し、 細胞抽出液を調製した。 次に細胞抽出液 から定法に従い抗 F L A G抗体(米国、 コダック社製) と Prot e i n G agarose beads (ス ウ ェーデン国、 フ アルマシア社製) を用い免疫沈條物を調製した。  Wild-type Trad (pEFBOS-FLAG-hTrad) was transfected into COS-7 cells (AT CC No. CR-1651) by the lipofection method (Mirus, USA). After 36 hours, 0.5% NP — 40,10 mM MTris — HC 1 (pH 7.5), 150 mM M NaC 1 500 μl cell extract The cells were solubilized using a preparation buffer to prepare a cell extract. Next, immunoprecipitates were prepared from the cell extract using an anti-FLAG antibody (manufactured by Kodak Company, USA) and Protein G agarose beads (manufactured by Pharmacia, Sweden) according to a standard method.
( 2 ) 阻害剤の調製  (2) Preparation of inhibitor
燐酸化酵素阻害剤と して市販されている Chelerythine Ch loride (米国、 CALBIOCHEM社製) を評価化合物と し、 DM S O (米国、 GIBCO BRL社製)に 1 0 mMになる よ う に溶解した。 これを原液溶液と して、 蒸留水で希釈し、 4 0 0 μ Μの溶液 を調製した溶液を用いた。 比較のためには D M S Οを蒸留水 で評価濃度と同濃度になる よ う に希釈した。  Chelerythine Chloride (manufactured by CALBIOCHEM, USA), which is commercially available as a phosphatase inhibitor, was used as an evaluation compound and dissolved in DMSO (manufactured by GIBCO BRL, USA) to 10 mM. This solution was used as a stock solution, diluted with distilled water to prepare a solution of 400 μΜ, and used. For comparison, DMSΟ was diluted with distilled water to the same concentration as the evaluation concentration.
( 3 ) 阻害活性の測定方法 野生型 T r a d を含む免疫沈降物 2 0 μ 1 を 2 0 C i の [ γ— 32P]ATP (英国、 Amersham社製)を含む 5 0 mM T r i s — H C l ( p H 7 . 0 ) , 2 0 mM M g C l 2, 6 m M M n C l 2からなる燐酸化バッファー 1 0 1 と 、 先に調 製した 4 0 0 μ Μの評価化合物溶液 1 0 μ 1 を加えて 3 0 °C で 1 5 分間保温し燐酸化反応を促進した。 L a emm 1 i samp le b uiier (日本国、 TEFCO社製)を 2 0 1 カロえ、 9 4 °Cで 5分間 処理し燐酸化反応を停止した。 4〜 2 0 %グラ ジェン トポリ アク リ ルア ミ ドゲル(日本国、 TEFC0社製)を用い、 S D Sポ リ アク リルア ミ ドゲル電気泳動にて反応後の T r a d を展開 した。 ゲルを乾固 し、 オー ト ラジオグラフィ一によつて T r a dである約 1 5 0 k D a 蛋白の自 己燐酸化度をフ ィ ルムの 黒化度を測定するこ と によ リ決定した。 具体的には、 B A S — 2 0 0 0バイオ · イ メージングアナライザー (日本国、 富 士写真フ ィ ルム社製) を用いて放射能を測定した。 評価化合 物を含まない D M S O溶液を用いた際の放射活性量を対照と し、 その低下率にょ リ 阻害活性を求めた。 その結果、 1 0 0 ^1(終濃度)の(:11616 111 116 Chlorideは、 阻害活性を示さ なかった。 産業上の利用可能性 (3) Method for measuring inhibitory activity 20 μl of the immunoprecipitate containing wild-type T rad was replaced with 50 mM Tris—HCl (pH 7.0) containing 20 C i of [γ- 32 P] ATP (manufactured by Amersham, UK). , 2 0 mM M g C l 2, 6 m MM n C l and 2 phosphorylation buffer 1 0 1 consisting of, 3 by addition of compound for evaluation solution 1 0 mu 1 of the steel adjusted earlier 4 0 0 mu Micromax 0 Incubation at 15 ° C for 15 minutes accelerated the phosphorylation reaction. La emm 1 isample b uiier (manufactured by TEFCO, Japan) was given 201 calories and treated at 94 ° C for 5 minutes to stop the phosphorylation reaction. Using a 4 to 20% gradient polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by TEFC0, Japan), the Trad after the reaction was developed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gel was dried and the degree of autophosphorylation of about 150 kDa protein, which was T rad, was determined by autoradiography by measuring the degree of blackening of the film. . Specifically, the radioactivity was measured using a BAS-20000 bio-imaging analyzer (manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Japan). Using the amount of radioactivity when a DMSO solution containing no evaluation compound was used as a control, the inhibitory activity was determined based on the decrease rate. As a result, 100 ^ 1 (final concentration) of (: 11616111116Chloride) showed no inhibitory activity. Industrial applicability
本発明の新規な憐酸化酵素を用いる と 、 アポ トーシス関与 疾患の予防や治療に有用な薬剤を作成する こ とができ る。 更 に、 本発明の憐酸化酵素は、 アポ トーシス調節物質のス ク リ 一二ング方法及びアポ トーシス関与疾患の診断方法を確立す る際に有用である。 又、 本発明の燐酸化酵素をコー ドする遺 伝子は、 遺伝子治療に用いられる遺伝子ソース と しても有用 である。  By using the novel oxidative enzyme of the present invention, a drug useful for the prevention or treatment of an apoptosis-related disease can be prepared. Furthermore, the oxidative enzyme of the present invention is useful for establishing a method for screening apoptosis-regulating substances and a method for diagnosing apoptosis-related diseases. In addition, the gene encoding the phosphorylase of the present invention is also useful as a gene source used for gene therapy.

Claims

δ冃 求 の 範 囲 δ 冃 range
1 . アポ トーシス誘導活性を有する燐酸化酵素であって、 配 列番号 1 のア ミ ノ酸配列を包含する こ と を特徴とする実質的 に純粋な燐酸化酵素。 1. A substantially pure phosphorylase having an apoptosis-inducing activity, which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
2. 該燐酸化酵素が、 配列番号 3又は 6 のア ミ ノ酸配列を有 する こ とを特徴とする請求項 1の燐酸化酵素。 2. The phosphatase according to claim 1, wherein the phosphatase has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 6.
3 . アポ トーシス誘導活性を有する燐酸化酵素であって、 配 列番号 3又は 6 のァ ミ ノ酸配列において 1又は数個のァ ミ ノ 酸を欠失、 置換若し く は付加したア ミ ノ酸配列からなるこ と を特徴とする実質的に純粋な燐酸化酵素。 3. A phosphorylase having apoptosis-inducing activity, wherein one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 6 are deleted, substituted or added. A substantially pure phosphatase, which comprises a noic acid sequence.
4. 配列番号 1 、 3及び 6 からなる群よ リ選ばれるア ミ ノ酸 配列の少なく と も 6個のア ミ ノ酸からなるぺプチ ド。 4. An amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, and 6, which comprises at least six amino acids.
5. 請求項 1〜 3のいずれかに記載の燐酸化酵素をコー ドす る単離された D N A。 5. An isolated DNA encoding the phosphorylase according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
6 . 該 D N Aが、 配列番号 2又は 5 の塩基配列、 あるいは次 の性質の少なく と も一方を満足する塩基配列であるこ と を特 徴とする請求項 5 に記載の D NA。 ( 1 ) 配列番号 2又は 5 の塩基配列からなる D N Aと ス ト リ ンジェ ン トな条件でハイブ リ ダイ ズする。 6. The DNA according to claim 5, wherein the DNA is a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 5, or a nucleotide sequence satisfying at least one of the following properties. (1) Hybridize with a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 5 under stringent conditions.
( 2 ) 配列番号 2又は 5の塩基配列と Ί 0 %以上の相同性を 有する。  (2) It has about 0% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 5.
7. 請求項 5又は 6 の塩基配列よ リ選ばれる少な く と も 1 2 個の塩基からなる D NAあるいはその誘導体。 7. DNA or a derivative thereof comprising at least 12 bases selected from the base sequence of claim 5 or 6.
8 . 該 D N Aが、 配列番号 2の 2 9 8番目〜 1 0 8 6番目の 塩基配列よ り選ばれる こ と を特徴とする請求項 7の D N Aあ るいはその誘導体。 8. The DNA or derivative thereof according to claim 7, wherein the DNA is selected from the nucleotide sequence at positions 298 to 106 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
9 . 該 D N Aが、 配列番号 5の 3 6 1番目〜 1 1 4 6番目の 塩基配列よ リ選ばれる こ と を特徴とする請求項 7の D NAあ るいはその誘導体。 9. The DNA or derivative thereof according to claim 7, wherein the DNA is selected from the base sequence from the 36th position to the 114th position of SEQ ID NO: 5.
1 0. 配列番号 4又は 7の塩基配列よ リ選ばれる少な く と も 1 2個の塩基からなる D N Aあるいはその誘導体。 10. A DNA comprising at least 12 bases selected from the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or 7, or a derivative thereof.
1 1 . 請求項 5〜 1 0のいずれかに記載の D N Aを複製可能 な発現ベク ターに組込んでなる複製可能な組換え体 D NA。 11. A replicable recombinant DNA comprising the DNA according to any one of claims 5 to 10 incorporated into a replicable expression vector.
1 2. 請求項 1 1 に記載の複製可能な組換え体 D N Aで形質 転換された微生物又は細胞。 1 2. Characterized by the replicable recombinant DNA according to claim 11 A transformed microorganism or cell.
1 3 . 自己燐酸化活性、 外来基質燐酸化酵素活性、 又はアポ トーシス誘導活性からなる群よ リ選ばれる燐酸化酵素の有す る活性の少なく と も 1つを抑制若しく は増強する物質をスク リ ーユングする方法にして、 請求項 1 〜 3 のいずれかに記載 の燐酸化酵素又は請求項 4 に記載のぺプチ ドを、 サンプル材 料と接触せしめ、 該燐酸化酵素の有する上記 3 つの活性の少 なく と も 1 つを指標と して、 燐酸化酵素の有する活性を抑制 若しく は増強する物質を検出する こ と を包含する方法。 13. A substance that suppresses or enhances at least one activity of a phosphatase selected from the group consisting of autophosphorylation activity, exogenous substrate phosphatase activity, or apoptosis-inducing activity. According to a screening method, the phosphorylase according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the peptide according to claim 4 is brought into contact with a sample material, and the above three types of phosphorylase are possessed by the phosphorylase. A method comprising, using at least one of the activities as an indicator, detecting a substance that suppresses or enhances the activity of a phosphorylase.
1 4 . 請求項 1 〜 3 のいずれかに記載の燐酸化酵素と結合し う る仇体。 14. An antagonist that binds to the phosphorylase according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
PCT/JP1998/005974 1997-12-26 1998-12-25 Novel kinase WO1999033961A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000073469A2 (en) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-07 Sugen, Inc. Protein kinases
WO2008148216A1 (en) * 2007-06-06 2008-12-11 Centre Hospitalier De L'universite De Montreal Drak2 expression is associated with diabetes

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5683910A (en) * 1996-09-13 1997-11-04 Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Human phosphorylase kinase gamma subunit

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5683910A (en) * 1996-09-13 1997-11-04 Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Human phosphorylase kinase gamma subunit
US5833981A (en) * 1996-09-13 1998-11-10 Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Human phosphorylase kinase gamma subunit

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000073469A2 (en) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-07 Sugen, Inc. Protein kinases
WO2000073469A3 (en) * 1999-05-28 2001-11-29 Sugen Inc Protein kinases
WO2008148216A1 (en) * 2007-06-06 2008-12-11 Centre Hospitalier De L'universite De Montreal Drak2 expression is associated with diabetes

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